diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | awklib/ChangeLog | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | awklib/eg/lib/inplace.awk | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/ChangeLog | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1144 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.texi | 57 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | extension/ChangeLog | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | extension/Makefile.am | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | extension/Makefile.in | 29 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | extension/inplace.c | 241 |
9 files changed, 947 insertions, 556 deletions
diff --git a/awklib/ChangeLog b/awklib/ChangeLog index 98bdc3dc..1b6a31e6 100644 --- a/awklib/ChangeLog +++ b/awklib/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +2013-01-08 Andrew J. Schorr <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com> + + * eg/lib/inplace.awk: Add new file generated from doc/gawk.texi. + 2012-12-24 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> * 4.0.2: Release tar ball made. diff --git a/awklib/eg/lib/inplace.awk b/awklib/eg/lib/inplace.awk new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a090d9e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/awklib/eg/lib/inplace.awk @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# inplace --- load and invoke the inplace extension. + +@load "inplace" + +# Please set INPLACE_SUFFIX to make a backup copy. For example, +# you may want to set INPLACE_SUFFIX to .bak on the command-line or in a +# BEGIN block. + +BEGINFILE { + inplace_begin(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX) +} +ENDFILE { + inplace_end(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX) +} diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog index 09beb1e4..6f141ad6 100644 --- a/doc/ChangeLog +++ b/doc/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +2013-01-08 Andrew J. Schorr <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com> + + * gawk.texi: Add documentation for new inplace extension. + 2013-01-08 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> * gawk.texi, awkcard.in: Sync what mawk has. Main point of diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 82ff0c46..32971266 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -557,6 +557,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) * Extension Sample Fnmatch:: An interface to `fnmatch()'. * Extension Sample Fork:: An interface to `fork()' and other process functions. +* Extension Sample Inplace:: Enabling in-place file editing. * Extension Sample Ord:: Character to value to character conversions. * Extension Sample Readdir:: An interface to `readdir()'. @@ -3527,7 +3528,7 @@ Class Meaning `[:upper:]' Uppercase alphabetic characters. `[:xdigit:]'Characters that are hexadecimal digits. -Table 3.1: POSIX Character Classes +Table 3.1: POSIX Character Classes For example, before the POSIX standard, you had to write `/[A-Za-z0-9]/' to match alphanumeric characters. If your character @@ -5515,7 +5516,7 @@ COMMAND `|& getline' Sets `$0' and `NF' Extension COMMAND `|& getline' Sets VAR Extension VAR -Table 4.1: `getline' Variants and What They Set +Table 4.1: `getline' Variants and What They Set File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Command line directories, Prev: Getline, Up: Reading Files @@ -7183,7 +7184,7 @@ Feature Default `--posix' or `--use-lc-numeric' Input Use period Use locale `strtonum()'Use period Use locale -Table 6.1: Locale Decimal Point versus A Period +Table 6.1: Locale Decimal Point versus A Period Finally, modern day formal standards and IEEE standard floating point representation can have an unusual but important effect on the way @@ -7525,7 +7526,7 @@ LVALUE `%=' MODULUS Sets LVALUE to its remainder by MODULUS. LVALUE `^=' POWER LVALUE `**=' POWER Raises LVALUE to the power POWER. (c.e.) -Table 6.2: Arithmetic Assignment Operators +Table 6.2: Arithmetic Assignment Operators NOTE: Only the `^=' operator is specified by POSIX. For maximum portability, do not use the `**=' operator. @@ -7830,7 +7831,7 @@ X `!~' Y True if the string X does not match the regexp SUBSCRIPT `in' True if the array ARRAY has an element with the ARRAY subscript SUBSCRIPT. -Table 6.3: Relational Operators +Table 6.3: Relational Operators Comparison expressions have the value one if true and zero if false. When comparing operands of mixed types, numeric operands are converted @@ -11747,7 +11748,7 @@ is illustrated in *note table-sub-escapes::. `\\\\\\&' `\\\&' a literal `\\&' `\\q' `\q' a literal `\q' -Table 9.1: Historical Escape Sequence Processing for `sub()' and +Table 9.1: Historical Escape Sequence Processing for `sub()' and `gsub()' This table shows both the lexical-level processing, where an odd number @@ -11772,7 +11773,7 @@ literally. The interpretation of `\' and `&' then becomes as shown in `\\\\&' `\\&' a literal `\', then the matched text `\\\\\\&' `\\\&' a literal `\&' -Table 9.2: 1992 POSIX Rules for `sub()' and `gsub()' Escape Sequence +Table 9.2: 1992 POSIX Rules for `sub()' and `gsub()' Escape Sequence Processing This appears to solve the problem. Unfortunately, the phrasing of the @@ -11802,7 +11803,7 @@ table-sub-proposed::. `\\q' `\q' a literal `\q' `\\\\' `\\' `\\' -Table 9.3: Proposed Rules For `sub()' And Backslash +Table 9.3: Proposed Rules For `sub()' And Backslash In a nutshell, at the runtime level, there are now three special sequences of characters (`\\\&', `\\&' and `\&') whereas historically @@ -11829,7 +11830,7 @@ rules are presented in *note table-posix-sub::. `\\q' `\q' a literal `\q' `\\\\' `\\' `\' -Table 9.4: POSIX Rules For `sub()' And `gsub()' +Table 9.4: POSIX Rules For `sub()' And `gsub()' The only case where the difference is noticeable is the last one: `\\\\' is seen as `\\' and produces `\' instead of `\\'. @@ -11861,7 +11862,7 @@ the `\' does not, as shown in *note table-gensub-escapes::. `\\\\\\&' `\\\&' a literal `\&' `\\q' `\q' a literal `q' -Table 9.5: Escape Sequence Processing For `gensub()' +Table 9.5: Escape Sequence Processing For `gensub()' Because of the complexity of the lexical and runtime level processing and the special cases for `sub()' and `gsub()', we recommend the use of @@ -12420,7 +12421,7 @@ table-bitwise-ops::. 0 | 0 0 | 0 1 | 0 1 1 | 0 1 | 1 1 | 1 0 -Table 9.6: Bitwise Operations +Table 9.6: Bitwise Operations As you can see, the result of an AND operation is 1 only when _both_ bits are 1. The result of an OR operation is 1 if _either_ bit is 1. @@ -20864,7 +20865,7 @@ Single 32 24 -126 +127 Double 64 53 -1022 +1023 Quadruple 128 113 -16382 +16383 -Table 15.1: Basic IEEE Format Context Values +Table 15.1: Basic IEEE Format Context Values NOTE: The precision numbers include the implied leading one that gives them one extra bit of significand. @@ -20906,7 +20907,7 @@ Round toward zero `roundTowardZero' Round to nearest, ties away `roundTiesToAway' from zero -Table 15.2: IEEE 754 Rounding Modes +Table 15.2: IEEE 754 Rounding Modes The default mode `roundTiesToEven' is the most preferred, but the least intuitive. This method does the obvious thing for most values, by @@ -21138,10 +21139,10 @@ Round toward zero `roundTowardZero' `"Z"' or `"z"' Round to nearest, ties away `roundTiesToAway' `"A"' or `"a"' from zero -Table 15.3: `gawk' Rounding Modes +Table 15.3: `gawk' Rounding Modes `ROUNDMODE' has the default value `"N"', which selects the IEEE-754 -rounding mode `roundTiesToEven'. *note Table 15.3: +rounding mode `roundTiesToEven'. *note Table 15.3: table-gawk-rounding-modes, lists `"A"' to select the IEEE-754 mode `roundTiesToAway'. This is only available if your version of the MPFR library supports it; otherwise setting `ROUNDMODE' to this value has no @@ -21478,7 +21479,7 @@ fields are function pointers. This is shown in *note load-extension::. +-------+-+---+-+---+-+------------------+--------------------+ gawk Main Program Address Space Extension -Figure 16.1: Loading The Extension +Figure 16.1: Loading The Extension The extension can call functions inside `gawk' through these function pointers, at runtime, without needing (link-time) access to @@ -21498,7 +21499,7 @@ load-new-function::. +-------+-+---+-+---+-+------------------+--------------+-+---+ gawk Main Program Address Space Extension -Figure 16.2: Loading The New Function +Figure 16.2: Loading The New Function In the other direction, the extension registers its new functions with `gawk' by passing function pointers to the functions that provide @@ -21519,7 +21520,7 @@ calling convention. This is shown in *note call-new-function::. +-------+-+---+-+---+-+------------------+--------------+-+---+ gawk Main Program Address Space Extension -Figure 16.3: Calling The New Function +Figure 16.3: Calling The New Function The `do_XXX()' function, in turn, then uses the function pointers in the API `struct' to do its work, such as updating variables or arrays, @@ -21875,7 +21876,7 @@ Requested: Scalar Scalar Scalar false false Value false false false false Cookie -Table 16.1: Value Types Returned +Table 16.1: Value Types Returned File: gawk.info, Node: Constructor Functions, Next: Registration Functions, Prev: Requesting Values, Up: Extension API Description @@ -22510,7 +22511,7 @@ your extension function. They are: Fill in the `awk_value_t' structure pointed to by `result' with the `count''th argument. Return true if the actual type matches `wanted', false otherwise. In the latter case, `result->val_type' - indicates the actual type (*note Table 16.1: + indicates the actual type (*note Table 16.1: table-value-types-returned.). Counts are zero based--the first argument is numbered zero, the second one, and so on. `wanted' indicates the type of value expected. @@ -22556,7 +22557,7 @@ termed a "symbol table". regular C string. `wanted' indicates the type of value expected. Return true if the actual type matches `wanted', false otherwise In the latter case, `result->val_type' indicates the actual type - (*note Table 16.1: table-value-types-returned.). + (*note Table 16.1: table-value-types-returned.). `awk_bool_t sym_update(const char *name, awk_value_t *value);' Update the variable named by the string `name', which is a regular @@ -22891,7 +22892,7 @@ The following functions relate to individual array elements. value of the element whose index is `index'. `wanted' specifies the type of value you wish to retrieve. Return false if `wanted' does not match the actual type or if `index' is not in the array - (*note Table 16.1: table-value-types-returned.). + (*note Table 16.1: table-value-types-returned.). The value for `index' can be numeric, in which case `gawk' converts it to a string. Using non-integral values is possible, but @@ -24057,8 +24058,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Samples, Next: gawkextlib, Prev: Extension E This minor node provides brief overviews of the sample extensions that come in the `gawk' distribution. Some of them are intended for -production use, such the `filefuncs' and `readdir' extensions. Others -mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API. +production use, such the `filefuncs', `readdir' and `inplace' +extensions. Others mainly provide example code that shows how to use +the extension API. * Menu: @@ -24066,6 +24068,7 @@ mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API. * Extension Sample Fnmatch:: An interface to `fnmatch()'. * Extension Sample Fork:: An interface to `fork()' and other process functions. +* Extension Sample Inplace:: Enabling in-place file editing. * Extension Sample Ord:: Character to value to character conversions. * Extension Sample Readdir:: An interface to `readdir()'. @@ -24319,7 +24322,7 @@ occurred. print "no match" -File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Fork, Next: Extension Sample Ord, Prev: Extension Sample Fnmatch, Up: Extension Samples +File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Fork, Next: Extension Sample Inplace, Prev: Extension Sample Fnmatch, Up: Extension Samples 16.6.3 Interface To `fork()', `wait()' and `waitpid()' ------------------------------------------------------ @@ -24356,9 +24359,55 @@ The `fork' extension adds three functions, as follows. print "hello from the parent" -File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Ord, Next: Extension Sample Readdir, Prev: Extension Sample Fork, Up: Extension Samples +File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Inplace, Next: Extension Sample Ord, Prev: Extension Sample Fork, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.4 Character and Numeric values: `ord()' and `chr()' +16.6.4 Enabling in-place file editing. +-------------------------------------- + +The `inplace' extension emulates the `sed' `-i' option. It uses the +bundled `inplace.awk' include file to invoke the extension properly: + + # inplace --- load and invoke the inplace extension. + + @load "inplace" + + # Please set INPLACE_SUFFIX to make a backup copy. For example, + # you may want to set INPLACE_SUFFIX to .bak on the command-line or in a + # BEGIN block. + + BEGINFILE { + inplace_begin(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX) + } + ENDFILE { + inplace_end(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX) + } + + For each regular file that is processed, the extension redirects +stdout to a temporary file configured to have the same owner and +permissions. After the file has been processed, stdout is restored to +its default destination. If `INPLACE_SUFFIX' is not an empty string, +the original file will be linked to a backup filename created by +appending that suffix. Finally, the temporary file is renamed to the +original filename. + + If any error is encountered, the extension issues a fatal error to +terminate processing immediately without damaging the original file. + + Here are a couple of simple examples: + + $ gawk -i inplace '{gsub(/foo/, "bar")} {print}' file1 file2 file3 + + To keep a backup copy of the original files, try this: + + $ gawk -i inplace -vINPLACE_SUFFIX=.bak '{gsub(/foo/, "bar")} {print}' file1 file2 file3 + + It is left as an exercise to write a wrapper script that presents an +interface similar to the `sed' `-i' option. + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Ord, Next: Extension Sample Readdir, Prev: Extension Sample Inplace, Up: Extension Samples + +16.6.5 Character and Numeric values: `ord()' and `chr()' -------------------------------------------------------- The `ordchr' extension adds two functions, named `ord()' and `chr()', @@ -24382,7 +24431,7 @@ same name. Here is an example: File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Readdir, Next: Extension Sample Revout, Prev: Extension Sample Ord, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.5 Reading Directories +16.6.6 Reading Directories -------------------------- The `readdir' extension adds an input parser for directories. The @@ -24430,7 +24479,7 @@ always `u'. File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Revout, Next: Extension Sample Rev2way, Prev: Extension Sample Readdir, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.6 Reversing Output +16.6.7 Reversing Output ----------------------- The `revoutput' extension adds a simple output wrapper that reverses @@ -24450,7 +24499,7 @@ unwary. Here is an example: File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Rev2way, Next: Extension Sample Read write array, Prev: Extension Sample Revout, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.7 Two-Way I/O Example +16.6.8 Two-Way I/O Example -------------------------- The `revtwoway' extension adds a simple two-way processor that reverses @@ -24472,7 +24521,7 @@ example shows how to use it: File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Read write array, Next: Extension Sample Readfile, Prev: Extension Sample Rev2way, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.8 Dumping and Restoring An Array +16.6.9 Dumping and Restoring An Array ------------------------------------- The `rwarray' extension adds two functions, named `writea()' and @@ -24516,8 +24565,8 @@ restored on systems with a different one, but this has not been tried. File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Readfile, Next: Extension Sample API Tests, Prev: Extension Sample Read write array, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.9 Reading An Entire File ------------------------------ +16.6.10 Reading An Entire File +------------------------------ The `readfile' extension adds a single function named `readfile()': @@ -24539,7 +24588,7 @@ The `readfile' extension adds a single function named `readfile()': File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample API Tests, Next: Extension Sample Time, Prev: Extension Sample Readfile, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.10 API Tests +16.6.11 API Tests ----------------- The `testext' extension exercises parts of the extension API that are @@ -24551,7 +24600,7 @@ code and runs the tests. See the source file for more information. File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Sample Time, Prev: Extension Sample API Tests, Up: Extension Samples -16.6.11 Extension Time Functions +16.6.12 Extension Time Functions -------------------------------- These functions can be used by either invoking `gawk' with a @@ -31859,517 +31908,518 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1358 -Node: Foreword40229 -Node: Preface44574 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-147627 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-247733 -Node: History47965 -Node: Names50356 -Ref: Names-Footnote-151833 -Node: This Manual51905 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-157811 -Node: Conventions57911 -Node: Manual History60045 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163315 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263356 -Node: How To Contribute63430 -Node: Acknowledgments64574 -Node: Getting Started69070 -Node: Running gawk71449 -Node: One-shot72635 -Node: Read Terminal73860 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175510 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-275786 -Node: Long75957 -Node: Executable Scripts77333 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179202 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279304 -Node: Comments79851 -Node: Quoting82318 -Node: DOS Quoting86941 -Node: Sample Data Files87616 -Node: Very Simple90648 -Node: Two Rules95247 -Node: More Complex97394 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100324 -Node: Statements/Lines100409 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1104871 -Node: Other Features105136 -Node: When106064 -Node: Invoking Gawk108211 -Node: Command Line109672 -Node: Options110455 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1125853 -Node: Other Arguments125878 -Node: Naming Standard Input128536 -Node: Environment Variables129630 -Node: AWKPATH Variable130188 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1132946 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable133206 -Node: Other Environment Variables133803 -Node: Exit Status136298 -Node: Include Files136973 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries140542 -Node: Obsolete141767 -Node: Undocumented142464 -Node: Regexp142707 -Node: Regexp Usage144096 -Node: Escape Sequences146122 -Node: Regexp Operators151885 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1159265 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2159412 -Node: Bracket Expressions159510 -Ref: table-char-classes161400 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators163923 -Node: Case-sensitivity167646 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1170614 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2170849 -Node: Leftmost Longest170957 -Node: Computed Regexps172158 -Node: Reading Files175568 -Node: Records177571 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1186495 -Node: Fields186532 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1189565 -Node: Nonconstant Fields189651 -Node: Changing Fields191853 -Node: Field Separators197834 -Node: Default Field Splitting200463 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting201580 -Node: Single Character Fields204922 -Node: Command Line Field Separator205981 -Node: Field Splitting Summary209422 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1212614 -Node: Constant Size212715 -Node: Splitting By Content217299 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221025 -Node: Multiple Line221065 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1226912 -Node: Getline227091 -Node: Plain Getline229307 -Node: Getline/Variable231396 -Node: Getline/File232537 -Node: Getline/Variable/File233859 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1235458 -Node: Getline/Pipe235545 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe238105 -Node: Getline/Coprocess239212 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess240455 -Node: Getline Notes241169 -Node: Getline Summary243956 -Ref: table-getline-variants244364 -Node: Read Timeout245222 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1248967 -Node: Command line directories249024 -Node: Printing249654 -Node: Print251285 -Node: Print Examples252622 -Node: Output Separators255406 -Node: OFMT257166 -Node: Printf258524 -Node: Basic Printf259430 -Node: Control Letters260969 -Node: Format Modifiers264781 -Node: Printf Examples270790 -Node: Redirection273505 -Node: Special Files280489 -Node: Special FD281022 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1284647 -Node: Special Network284721 -Node: Special Caveats285571 -Node: Close Files And Pipes286367 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1293390 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2293538 -Node: Expressions293688 -Node: Values294820 -Node: Constants295496 -Node: Scalar Constants296176 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1297035 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers297217 -Node: Regexp Constants300276 -Node: Using Constant Regexps300751 -Node: Variables303806 -Node: Using Variables304461 -Node: Assignment Options306185 -Node: Conversion308057 -Ref: table-locale-affects313433 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1314057 -Node: All Operators314166 -Node: Arithmetic Ops314796 -Node: Concatenation317301 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1320094 -Node: Assignment Ops320214 -Ref: table-assign-ops325202 -Node: Increment Ops326610 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions330080 -Node: Truth Values331163 -Node: Typing and Comparison332212 -Node: Variable Typing333001 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1336898 -Node: Comparison Operators337020 -Ref: table-relational-ops337430 -Node: POSIX String Comparison340979 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1341935 -Node: Boolean Ops342073 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1346151 -Node: Conditional Exp346242 -Node: Function Calls347974 -Node: Precedence351568 -Node: Locales355237 -Node: Patterns and Actions356326 -Node: Pattern Overview357380 -Node: Regexp Patterns359049 -Node: Expression Patterns359592 -Node: Ranges363277 -Node: BEGIN/END366243 -Node: Using BEGIN/END367005 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1369736 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END369842 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE372124 -Node: Empty375028 -Node: Using Shell Variables375344 -Node: Action Overview377629 -Node: Statements379986 -Node: If Statement381840 -Node: While Statement383339 -Node: Do Statement385383 -Node: For Statement386539 -Node: Switch Statement389691 -Node: Break Statement391788 -Node: Continue Statement393778 -Node: Next Statement395571 -Node: Nextfile Statement397961 -Node: Exit Statement400602 -Node: Built-in Variables403018 -Node: User-modified404113 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1412468 -Node: Auto-set412530 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1424881 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2425086 -Node: ARGC and ARGV425142 -Node: Arrays428993 -Node: Array Basics430498 -Node: Array Intro431324 -Node: Reference to Elements435642 -Node: Assigning Elements437912 -Node: Array Example438403 -Node: Scanning an Array440135 -Node: Controlling Scanning442449 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1447382 -Node: Delete447698 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1450463 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts450520 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts452703 -Node: Multi-dimensional454331 -Node: Multi-scanning457425 -Node: Arrays of Arrays459016 -Node: Functions463661 -Node: Built-in464480 -Node: Calling Built-in465558 -Node: Numeric Functions467546 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1471378 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2471735 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3471783 -Node: String Functions472052 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1495549 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2495678 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3495926 -Node: Gory Details496013 -Ref: table-sub-escapes497692 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92499046 -Ref: table-sub-proposed500397 -Ref: table-posix-sub501751 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes503296 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1504503 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2504554 -Node: I/O Functions504705 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1511810 -Node: Time Functions511957 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1522890 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2522958 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3523116 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4523227 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5523339 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6523566 -Node: Bitwise Functions523832 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops524390 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1528611 -Node: Type Functions528795 -Node: I18N Functions529265 -Node: User-defined530892 -Node: Definition Syntax531696 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1536606 -Node: Function Example536675 -Node: Function Caveats539269 -Node: Calling A Function539690 -Node: Variable Scope540805 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference543768 -Node: Return Statement547208 -Node: Dynamic Typing550189 -Node: Indirect Calls550924 -Node: Library Functions560609 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1564122 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2564265 -Node: Library Names564436 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1567907 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2568127 -Node: General Functions568213 -Node: Strtonum Function569166 -Node: Assert Function572096 -Node: Round Function575422 -Node: Cliff Random Function576965 -Node: Ordinal Functions577981 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1581051 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2581303 -Node: Join Function581512 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1583283 -Node: Getlocaltime Function583483 -Node: Data File Management587198 -Node: Filetrans Function587830 -Node: Rewind Function591969 -Node: File Checking593356 -Node: Empty Files594450 -Node: Ignoring Assigns596680 -Node: Getopt Function598233 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1609537 -Node: Passwd Functions609740 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1618715 -Node: Group Functions618803 -Node: Walking Arrays626887 -Node: Sample Programs628456 -Node: Running Examples629133 -Node: Clones629861 -Node: Cut Program631085 -Node: Egrep Program640930 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1648703 -Node: Id Program648813 -Node: Split Program652429 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1655948 -Node: Tee Program656076 -Node: Uniq Program658879 -Node: Wc Program666308 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1670574 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2670774 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs670866 -Node: Dupword Program672054 -Node: Alarm Program674085 -Node: Translate Program678834 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1683221 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2683449 -Node: Labels Program683583 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1686954 -Node: Word Sorting687038 -Node: History Sorting690922 -Node: Extract Program692761 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1700244 -Node: Simple Sed700372 -Node: Igawk Program703434 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1718591 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2718792 -Node: Anagram Program718930 -Node: Signature Program721998 -Node: Internationalization723098 -Node: I18N and L10N724530 -Node: Explaining gettext725216 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1730282 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2730466 -Node: Programmer i18n730631 -Node: Translator i18n734831 -Node: String Extraction735624 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1736585 -Node: Printf Ordering736671 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1739455 -Node: I18N Portability739519 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1741968 -Node: I18N Example742031 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1744666 -Node: Gawk I18N744738 -Node: Advanced Features745355 -Node: Nondecimal Data746859 -Node: Array Sorting748442 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal749139 -Node: Array Sorting Functions757377 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1761051 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-2761144 -Node: Two-way I/O761338 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1766770 -Node: TCP/IP Networking766840 -Node: Profiling769684 -Node: Debugger777138 -Node: Debugging778106 -Node: Debugging Concepts778539 -Node: Debugging Terms780395 -Node: Awk Debugging782992 -Node: Sample Debugging Session783884 -Node: Debugger Invocation784404 -Node: Finding The Bug785733 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Design Decisions1088544 +Node: Extension Future Growth1090650 +Node: Old Extension Mechansim1091471 +Node: Basic Concepts1093228 +Node: Basic High Level1093909 +Ref: figure-general-flow1094180 +Ref: figure-process-flow1094779 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11098008 +Node: Basic Data Typing1098193 +Node: Glossary1101548 +Node: Copying1126859 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1164416 +Node: Index1189553 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi index 6d476b73..6f44c969 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.texi +++ b/doc/gawk.texi @@ -765,6 +765,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them. * Extension Sample Fnmatch:: An interface to @code{fnmatch()}. * Extension Sample Fork:: An interface to @code{fork()} and other process functions. +* Extension Sample Inplace:: Enabling in-place file editing. * Extension Sample Ord:: Character to value to character conversions. * Extension Sample Readdir:: An interface to @code{readdir()}. @@ -31156,7 +31157,7 @@ $ @kbd{AWKLIBPATH=$PWD gawk -f testff.awk} This @value{SECTION} provides brief overviews of the sample extensions that come in the @command{gawk} distribution. Some of them are intended -for production use, such the @code{filefuncs} and @code{readdir} extensions. +for production use, such the @code{filefuncs}, @code{readdir} and @code{inplace} extensions. Others mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API. @menu @@ -31164,6 +31165,7 @@ Others mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API. * Extension Sample Fnmatch:: An interface to @code{fnmatch()}. * Extension Sample Fork:: An interface to @code{fork()} and other process functions. +* Extension Sample Inplace:: Enabling in-place file editing. * Extension Sample Ord:: Character to value to character conversions. * Extension Sample Readdir:: An interface to @code{readdir()}. @@ -31504,6 +31506,59 @@ else print "hello from the parent" @end example +@node Extension Sample Inplace +@subsection Enabling in-place file editing. + +The @code{inplace} extension emulates the @command{sed} @option{-i} option. +It uses the bundled @file{inplace.awk} include file to invoke the extension +properly: + +@example +@c file eg/lib/inplace.awk +@group +# inplace --- load and invoke the inplace extension. + +@@load "inplace" + +# Please set INPLACE_SUFFIX to make a backup copy. For example, +# you may want to set INPLACE_SUFFIX to .bak on the command-line or in a +# BEGIN block. + +BEGINFILE @{ + inplace_begin(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX) +@} +ENDFILE @{ + inplace_end(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX) +@} +@end group +@c endfile +@end example + +For each regular file that is processed, the extension redirects stdout +to a temporary file configured to have the same owner and permissions. +After the file has been processed, stdout is restored to its default +destination. If @code{INPLACE_SUFFIX} is not an empty string, the +original file will be linked to a backup filename created by appending +that suffix. Finally, the temporary file is renamed to the original filename. + +If any error is encountered, the extension issues a fatal error to terminate +processing immediately without damaging the original file. + +Here are a couple of simple examples: + +@example +$ @kbd{gawk -i inplace '@{gsub(/foo/, "bar")@} @{print@}' file1 file2 file3} +@end example + +To keep a backup copy of the original files, try this: + +@example +$ @kbd{gawk -i inplace -vINPLACE_SUFFIX=.bak '@{gsub(/foo/, "bar")@} @{print@}' file1 file2 file3} +@end example + +It is left as an exercise to write a wrapper script that presents an +interface similar to the @command{sed} @option{-i} option. + @node Extension Sample Ord @subsection Character and Numeric values: @code{ord()} and @code{chr()} diff --git a/extension/ChangeLog b/extension/ChangeLog index 3091fac8..7fea3bf0 100644 --- a/extension/ChangeLog +++ b/extension/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,8 @@ +2013-01-08 Andrew J. Schorr <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com> + + * inplace.c: New extension to implement in-place editing. + * Makefile.am: Add inplace extension. + 2012-12-25 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> * filefuncs.3am, fnmatch.3am: Predefined variables are no diff --git a/extension/Makefile.am b/extension/Makefile.am index 33902a6d..d5977f2e 100644 --- a/extension/Makefile.am +++ b/extension/Makefile.am @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ pkgextension_LTLIBRARIES = \ filefuncs.la \ fnmatch.la \ fork.la \ + inplace.la \ ordchr.la \ readdir.la \ readfile.la \ @@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ fork_la_SOURCES = fork.c fork_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS) fork_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS) +inplace_la_SOURCES = inplace.c +inplace_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS) +inplace_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS) + ordchr_la_SOURCES = ordchr.c ordchr_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS) ordchr_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS) diff --git a/extension/Makefile.in b/extension/Makefile.in index e0bb2430..21a56636 100644 --- a/extension/Makefile.in +++ b/extension/Makefile.in @@ -155,6 +155,12 @@ fork_la_OBJECTS = $(am_fork_la_OBJECTS) fork_la_LINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) \ --mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(fork_la_LDFLAGS) \ $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ +inplace_la_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2) +am_inplace_la_OBJECTS = inplace.lo +inplace_la_OBJECTS = $(am_inplace_la_OBJECTS) +inplace_la_LINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) \ + $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) \ + $(inplace_la_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ ordchr_la_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2) am_ordchr_la_OBJECTS = ordchr.lo ordchr_la_OBJECTS = $(am_ordchr_la_OBJECTS) @@ -217,15 +223,15 @@ LINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) \ --mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(AM_LDFLAGS) \ $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ SOURCES = $(filefuncs_la_SOURCES) $(fnmatch_la_SOURCES) \ - $(fork_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) $(readdir_la_SOURCES) \ - $(readfile_la_SOURCES) $(revoutput_la_SOURCES) \ - $(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) $(rwarray_la_SOURCES) \ - $(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES) + $(fork_la_SOURCES) $(inplace_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) \ + $(readdir_la_SOURCES) $(readfile_la_SOURCES) \ + $(revoutput_la_SOURCES) $(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) \ + $(rwarray_la_SOURCES) $(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES) DIST_SOURCES = $(filefuncs_la_SOURCES) $(fnmatch_la_SOURCES) \ - $(fork_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) $(readdir_la_SOURCES) \ - $(readfile_la_SOURCES) $(revoutput_la_SOURCES) \ - $(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) $(rwarray_la_SOURCES) \ - $(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES) + $(fork_la_SOURCES) $(inplace_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) \ + $(readdir_la_SOURCES) $(readfile_la_SOURCES) \ + $(revoutput_la_SOURCES) $(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) \ + $(rwarray_la_SOURCES) $(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES) RECURSIVE_TARGETS = all-recursive check-recursive dvi-recursive \ html-recursive info-recursive install-data-recursive \ install-dvi-recursive install-exec-recursive \ @@ -434,6 +440,7 @@ pkgextension_LTLIBRARIES = \ filefuncs.la \ fnmatch.la \ fork.la \ + inplace.la \ ordchr.la \ readdir.la \ readfile.la \ @@ -455,6 +462,9 @@ fnmatch_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS) fork_la_SOURCES = fork.c fork_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS) fork_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS) +inplace_la_SOURCES = inplace.c +inplace_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS) +inplace_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS) ordchr_la_SOURCES = ordchr.c ordchr_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS) ordchr_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS) @@ -587,6 +597,8 @@ fnmatch.la: $(fnmatch_la_OBJECTS) $(fnmatch_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_fnmatch_la_ $(fnmatch_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(fnmatch_la_OBJECTS) $(fnmatch_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS) fork.la: $(fork_la_OBJECTS) $(fork_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_fork_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(fork_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(fork_la_OBJECTS) $(fork_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS) +inplace.la: $(inplace_la_OBJECTS) $(inplace_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_inplace_la_DEPENDENCIES) + $(inplace_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(inplace_la_OBJECTS) $(inplace_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS) ordchr.la: $(ordchr_la_OBJECTS) $(ordchr_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_ordchr_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(ordchr_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(ordchr_la_OBJECTS) $(ordchr_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS) readdir.la: $(readdir_la_OBJECTS) $(readdir_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_readdir_la_DEPENDENCIES) @@ -614,6 +626,7 @@ distclean-compile: @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/fnmatch.Plo@am__quote@ @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/fork.Plo@am__quote@ @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/gawkfts.Plo@am__quote@ +@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/inplace.Plo@am__quote@ @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/ordchr.Plo@am__quote@ @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/readdir.Plo@am__quote@ @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/readfile.Plo@am__quote@ diff --git a/extension/inplace.c b/extension/inplace.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000..69b188b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/extension/inplace.c @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +/* + * inplace.c - Provide support for in-place editing. + */ + +/* + * Copyright (C) 2013 the Free Software Foundation, Inc. + * + * This file is part of GAWK, the GNU implementation of the + * AWK Programming Language. + * + * GAWK is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or + * (at your option) any later version. + * + * GAWK is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + * GNU General Public License for more details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA + */ + +#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H +#include <config.h> +#endif + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <assert.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <unistd.h> + +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> + +#include "gawkapi.h" + +#include "gettext.h" +#define _(msgid) gettext(msgid) +#define N_(msgid) msgid + +static const gawk_api_t *api; /* for convenience macros to work */ +static awk_ext_id_t *ext_id; +static const char *ext_version = "inplace extension: version 1.0"; + +int plugin_is_GPL_compatible; + +static struct { + char *tname; + int default_stdout; + int posrc; /* return code from fgetpos */ + fpos_t pos; +} state = { NULL, -1 }; + +/* + * XXX Known problems: + * 1. Should copy ACL. + * 2. Not reentrant, so will not work if multiple files are open at + * the same time. I'm not sure this is a meaningful problem in practice. + */ + +static void +at_exit(void *data, int exit_status) +{ + if (state.tname) { + unlink(state.tname); + free(state.tname); + state.tname = NULL; + } +} + +/* + * N.B. Almost everything is a fatal error because this feature is typically + * used for one-liners where the user is not going to be worrying about + * checking errors. If anything unexpected occurs, we want to abort + * immediately! + */ + +static int +invalid_filename(const awk_string_t *filename) +{ + return filename->len == 0 || + (filename->len == 1 && *filename->str == '-'); +} + +/* do_inplace_begin --- start in-place editing */ + +static awk_value_t * +do_inplace_begin(int nargs, awk_value_t *result) +{ + awk_value_t filename, suffix; + struct stat sbuf; + char *p; + int fd; + + assert(result != NULL); + + if (state.tname) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: in-place editing already active")); + + if (nargs != 2) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: expects 2 arguments but called with %d"), nargs); + + if (! get_argument(0, AWK_STRING, &filename)) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: cannot retrieve 1st argument as a string filename")); + + if (! get_argument(1, AWK_STRING, &suffix)) + suffix.str_value.str = NULL; + + if (invalid_filename(&filename.str_value)) { + warning(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: disabling in-place editing for invalid FILENAME `%s'"), + filename.str_value.str); + unset_ERRNO(); + return make_number(-1, result); + } + + if (stat(filename.str_value.str, & sbuf) < 0) { + warning(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: Cannot stat `%s' (%s)"), + filename.str_value.str, strerror(errno)); + update_ERRNO_int(errno); + return make_number(-1, result); + } + + if (! S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) { + warning(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: `%s' is not a regular file"), + filename.str_value.str); + unset_ERRNO(); + return make_number(-1, result); + } + + /* create a temporary file to which to redirect stdout */ + emalloc(state.tname, char *, filename.str_value.len+14, "do_inplace_begin"); + sprintf(state.tname, "%s.gawk.XXXXXX", filename.str_value.str); + + if ((fd = mkstemp(state.tname)) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: mkstemp(`%s') failed (%s)"), + state.tname, strerror(errno)); + + /* N.B. chown/chmod should be more portable than fchown/fchmod */ + if (chown(state.tname, sbuf.st_uid, sbuf.st_gid) < 0) + chown(state.tname, -1, sbuf.st_gid); + if (chmod(state.tname, sbuf.st_mode) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: chmod failed (%s)"), + strerror(errno)); + + fflush(stdout); + /* N.B. fgetpos fails when stdout is a tty */ + state.posrc = fgetpos(stdout, &state.pos); + if ((state.default_stdout = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: dup(stdout) failed (%s)"), + strerror(errno)); + if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: dup2(%d, stdout) failed (%s)"), + fd, strerror(errno)); + if (close(fd) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: close(%d) failed (%s)"), + fd, strerror(errno)); + rewind(stdout); + return make_number(0, result); +} + +/* do_inplace_end --- finish in-place editing */ + +static awk_value_t * +do_inplace_end(int nargs, awk_value_t *result) +{ + awk_value_t filename, suffix; + + assert(result != NULL); + + if (nargs != 2) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: expects 2 arguments but called with %d"), nargs); + + if (! get_argument(0, AWK_STRING, &filename)) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: cannot retrieve 1st argument as a string filename")); + + if (! get_argument(1, AWK_STRING, &suffix)) + suffix.str_value.str = NULL; + + if (! state.tname) { + if (! invalid_filename(&filename.str_value)) + warning(ext_id, _("inplace_end: in-place editing not active")); + return make_number(0, result); + } + + fflush(stdout); + if (dup2(state.default_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: dup2(%d, stdout) failed (%s)"), + state.default_stdout, strerror(errno)); + if (close(state.default_stdout) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: close(%d) failed (%s)"), + state.default_stdout, strerror(errno)); + state.default_stdout = -1; + if (state.posrc == 0 && fsetpos(stdout, &state.pos) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: fsetpos(stdout) failed (%s)"), + strerror(errno)); + + if (suffix.str_value.str && suffix.str_value.str[0]) { + /* backup requested */ + char *bakname; + + emalloc(bakname, char *, filename.str_value.len+suffix.str_value.len+1, + "do_inplace_end"); + sprintf(bakname, "%s%s", + filename.str_value.str, suffix.str_value.str); + unlink(bakname); /* if backup file exists already, remove it */ + if (link(filename.str_value.str, bakname) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: link(`%s', `%s') failed (%s)"), + filename.str_value.str, bakname, strerror(errno)); + free(bakname); + } + + if (rename(state.tname, filename.str_value.str) < 0) + fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: rename(`%s', `%s') failed (%s)"), + state.tname, filename.str_value.str, strerror(errno)); + free(state.tname); + state.tname = NULL; + return make_number(0, result); +} + +static awk_ext_func_t func_table[] = { + { "inplace_begin", do_inplace_begin, 2 }, + { "inplace_end", do_inplace_end, 2 }, +}; + +static awk_bool_t init_inplace(void) +{ + awk_atexit(at_exit, NULL); + return awk_true; +} + +static awk_bool_t (*init_func)(void) = init_inplace; + +/* define the dl_load function using the boilerplate macro */ + +dl_load_func(func_table, inplace, "") |