Add inplace file editing extension.

9 files changed, 947 insertions, 556 deletions

diff --git a/awklib/ChangeLog b/awklib/ChangeLog
index 98bdc3dc..1b6a31e6 100644
--- a/awklib/ChangeLog
+++ b/awklib/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2013-01-08         Andrew J. Schorr     <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com>
+
+	* eg/lib/inplace.awk: Add new file generated from doc/gawk.texi.
+
 2012-12-24         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* 4.0.2: Release tar ball made.
diff --git a/awklib/eg/lib/inplace.awk b/awklib/eg/lib/inplace.awk
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a090d9e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/awklib/eg/lib/inplace.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# inplace --- load and invoke the inplace extension.
+
+@load "inplace"
+
+# Please set INPLACE_SUFFIX to make a backup copy.  For example,
+# you may want to set INPLACE_SUFFIX to .bak on the command-line or in a
+# BEGIN block.
+
+BEGINFILE {
+	inplace_begin(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX)
+}
+ENDFILE {
+	inplace_end(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX)
+}
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 09beb1e4..6f141ad6 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2013-01-08         Andrew J. Schorr     <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com>
+
+	* gawk.texi: Add documentation for new inplace extension.
+
 2013-01-08         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawk.texi, awkcard.in: Sync what mawk has. Main point of
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 82ff0c46..32971266 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -557,6 +557,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
 * Extension Sample Fnmatch::            An interface to `fnmatch()'.
 * Extension Sample Fork::               An interface to `fork()' and
                                         other process functions.
+* Extension Sample Inplace::            Enabling in-place file editing.
 * Extension Sample Ord::                Character to value to character
                                         conversions.
 * Extension Sample Readdir::            An interface to `readdir()'.
@@ -3527,7 +3528,7 @@ Class       Meaning
 `[:upper:]' Uppercase alphabetic characters.
 `[:xdigit:]'Characters that are hexadecimal digits.
 
-Table 3.1: POSIX Character Classes
+Table    3.1: POSIX Character Classes
 
    For example, before the POSIX standard, you had to write
 `/[A-Za-z0-9]/' to match alphanumeric characters.  If your character
@@ -5515,7 +5516,7 @@ COMMAND `|& getline'     Sets `$0' and `NF'          Extension
 COMMAND `|& getline'     Sets VAR                    Extension
 VAR                                                  
 
-Table 4.1: `getline' Variants and What They Set
+Table    4.1: `getline' Variants and What They Set
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Read Timeout,  Next: Command line directories,  Prev: Getline,  Up: Reading Files
@@ -7183,7 +7184,7 @@ Feature     Default        `--posix' or `--use-lc-numeric'
 Input       Use period     Use locale
 `strtonum()'Use period     Use locale
 
-Table 6.1: Locale Decimal Point versus A Period
+Table    6.1: Locale Decimal Point versus A Period
 
    Finally, modern day formal standards and IEEE standard floating point
 representation can have an unusual but important effect on the way
@@ -7525,7 +7526,7 @@ LVALUE `%=' MODULUS    Sets LVALUE to its remainder by MODULUS.
 LVALUE `^=' POWER      
 LVALUE `**=' POWER     Raises LVALUE to the power POWER. (c.e.)
 
-Table 6.2: Arithmetic Assignment Operators
+Table    6.2: Arithmetic Assignment Operators
 
      NOTE: Only the `^=' operator is specified by POSIX.  For maximum
      portability, do not use the `**=' operator.
@@ -7830,7 +7831,7 @@ X `!~' Y           True if the string X does not match the regexp
 SUBSCRIPT `in'     True if the array ARRAY has an element with the
 ARRAY              subscript SUBSCRIPT.
 
-Table 6.3: Relational Operators
+Table    6.3: Relational Operators
 
    Comparison expressions have the value one if true and zero if false.
 When comparing operands of mixed types, numeric operands are converted
@@ -11747,7 +11748,7 @@ is illustrated in *note table-sub-escapes::.
      `\\\\\\&'           `\\\&'            a literal `\\&'
          `\\q'             `\q'            a literal `\q'
 
-Table 9.1: Historical Escape Sequence Processing for `sub()' and
+Table    9.1: Historical Escape Sequence Processing for `sub()' and
 `gsub()'
 
 This table shows both the lexical-level processing, where an odd number
@@ -11772,7 +11773,7 @@ literally.  The interpretation of `\' and `&' then becomes as shown in
        `\\\\&'            `\\&'            a literal `\', then the matched text
      `\\\\\\&'           `\\\&'            a literal `\&'
 
-Table 9.2: 1992 POSIX Rules for `sub()' and `gsub()' Escape Sequence
+Table    9.2: 1992 POSIX Rules for `sub()' and `gsub()' Escape Sequence
 Processing
 
 This appears to solve the problem.  Unfortunately, the phrasing of the
@@ -11802,7 +11803,7 @@ table-sub-proposed::.
          `\\q'             `\q'            a literal `\q'
         `\\\\'             `\\'            `\\'
 
-Table 9.3: Proposed Rules For `sub()' And Backslash
+Table    9.3: Proposed Rules For `sub()' And Backslash
 
    In a nutshell, at the runtime level, there are now three special
 sequences of characters (`\\\&', `\\&' and `\&') whereas historically
@@ -11829,7 +11830,7 @@ rules are presented in *note table-posix-sub::.
          `\\q'             `\q'            a literal `\q'
         `\\\\'             `\\'            `\'
 
-Table 9.4: POSIX Rules For `sub()' And `gsub()'
+Table    9.4: POSIX Rules For `sub()' And `gsub()'
 
    The only case where the difference is noticeable is the last one:
 `\\\\' is seen as `\\' and produces `\' instead of `\\'.
@@ -11861,7 +11862,7 @@ the `\' does not, as shown in *note table-gensub-escapes::.
      `\\\\\\&'                 `\\\&'            a literal `\&'
          `\\q'                   `\q'            a literal `q'
 
-Table 9.5: Escape Sequence Processing For `gensub()'
+Table    9.5: Escape Sequence Processing For `gensub()'
 
    Because of the complexity of the lexical and runtime level processing
 and the special cases for `sub()' and `gsub()', we recommend the use of
@@ -12420,7 +12421,7 @@ table-bitwise-ops::.
          0     | 0   0 | 0   1 | 0   1
          1     | 0   1 | 1   1 | 1   0
 
-Table 9.6: Bitwise Operations
+Table    9.6: Bitwise Operations
 
    As you can see, the result of an AND operation is 1 only when _both_
 bits are 1.  The result of an OR operation is 1 if _either_ bit is 1.
@@ -20864,7 +20865,7 @@ Single         32             24             -126           +127
 Double         64             53             -1022          +1023
 Quadruple      128            113            -16382         +16383
 
-Table 15.1: Basic IEEE Format Context Values
+Table   15.1: Basic IEEE Format Context Values
 
      NOTE: The precision numbers include the implied leading one that
      gives them one extra bit of significand.
@@ -20906,7 +20907,7 @@ Round toward zero                `roundTowardZero'
 Round to nearest, ties away      `roundTiesToAway'
 from zero                        
 
-Table 15.2: IEEE 754 Rounding Modes
+Table   15.2: IEEE 754 Rounding Modes
 
    The default mode `roundTiesToEven' is the most preferred, but the
 least intuitive. This method does the obvious thing for most values, by
@@ -21138,10 +21139,10 @@ Round toward zero                `roundTowardZero'      `"Z"' or `"z"'
 Round to nearest, ties away      `roundTiesToAway'      `"A"' or `"a"'
 from zero                                               
 
-Table 15.3: `gawk' Rounding Modes
+Table   15.3: `gawk' Rounding Modes
 
    `ROUNDMODE' has the default value `"N"', which selects the IEEE-754
-rounding mode `roundTiesToEven'.  *note Table 15.3:
+rounding mode `roundTiesToEven'.  *note Table   15.3:
 table-gawk-rounding-modes, lists `"A"' to select the IEEE-754 mode
 `roundTiesToAway'.  This is only available if your version of the MPFR
 library supports it; otherwise setting `ROUNDMODE' to this value has no
@@ -21478,7 +21479,7 @@ fields are function pointers.  This is shown in *note load-extension::.
 +-------+-+---+-+---+-+------------------+--------------------+
 
     gawk Main Program Address Space              Extension
-Figure 16.1: Loading The Extension
+Figure   16.1: Loading The Extension
 
    The extension can call functions inside `gawk' through these
 function pointers, at runtime, without needing (link-time) access to
@@ -21498,7 +21499,7 @@ load-new-function::.
 +-------+-+---+-+---+-+------------------+--------------+-+---+
 
     gawk Main Program Address Space              Extension
-Figure 16.2: Loading The New Function
+Figure   16.2: Loading The New Function
 
    In the other direction, the extension registers its new functions
 with `gawk' by passing function pointers to the functions that provide
@@ -21519,7 +21520,7 @@ calling convention.  This is shown in *note call-new-function::.
 +-------+-+---+-+---+-+------------------+--------------+-+---+
 
     gawk Main Program Address Space              Extension
-Figure 16.3: Calling The New Function
+Figure   16.3: Calling The New Function
 
    The `do_XXX()' function, in turn, then uses the function pointers in
 the API `struct' to do its work, such as updating variables or arrays,
@@ -21875,7 +21876,7 @@ Requested:   Scalar       Scalar         Scalar      false       false
              Value        false          false       false       false
              Cookie                                              
 
-Table 16.1: Value Types Returned
+Table   16.1: Value Types Returned
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Constructor Functions,  Next: Registration Functions,  Prev: Requesting Values,  Up: Extension API Description
@@ -22510,7 +22511,7 @@ your extension function. They are:
      Fill in the `awk_value_t' structure pointed to by `result' with
      the `count''th argument.  Return true if the actual type matches
      `wanted', false otherwise.  In the latter case, `result->val_type'
-     indicates the actual type (*note Table 16.1:
+     indicates the actual type (*note Table   16.1:
      table-value-types-returned.).  Counts are zero based--the first
      argument is numbered zero, the second one, and so on. `wanted'
      indicates the type of value expected.
@@ -22556,7 +22557,7 @@ termed a "symbol table".
      regular C string.  `wanted' indicates the type of value expected.
      Return true if the actual type matches `wanted', false otherwise
      In the latter case, `result->val_type' indicates the actual type
-     (*note Table 16.1: table-value-types-returned.).
+     (*note Table   16.1: table-value-types-returned.).
 
 `awk_bool_t sym_update(const char *name, awk_value_t *value);'
      Update the variable named by the string `name', which is a regular
@@ -22891,7 +22892,7 @@ The following functions relate to individual array elements.
      value of the element whose index is `index'.  `wanted' specifies
      the type of value you wish to retrieve.  Return false if `wanted'
      does not match the actual type or if `index' is not in the array
-     (*note Table 16.1: table-value-types-returned.).
+     (*note Table   16.1: table-value-types-returned.).
 
      The value for `index' can be numeric, in which case `gawk'
      converts it to a string. Using non-integral values is possible, but
@@ -24057,8 +24058,9 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Samples,  Next: gawkextlib,  Prev: Extension E
 
 This minor node provides brief overviews of the sample extensions that
 come in the `gawk' distribution. Some of them are intended for
-production use, such the `filefuncs' and `readdir' extensions.  Others
-mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API.
+production use, such the `filefuncs', `readdir' and `inplace'
+extensions.  Others mainly provide example code that shows how to use
+the extension API.
 
 * Menu:
 
@@ -24066,6 +24068,7 @@ mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API.
 * Extension Sample Fnmatch::          An interface to `fnmatch()'.
 * Extension Sample Fork::             An interface to `fork()' and other
                                       process functions.
+* Extension Sample Inplace::          Enabling in-place file editing.
 * Extension Sample Ord::              Character to value to character
                                       conversions.
 * Extension Sample Readdir::          An interface to `readdir()'.
@@ -24319,7 +24322,7 @@ occurred.
          print "no match"
 
 
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Fork,  Next: Extension Sample Ord,  Prev: Extension Sample Fnmatch,  Up: Extension Samples
+File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Fork,  Next: Extension Sample Inplace,  Prev: Extension Sample Fnmatch,  Up: Extension Samples
 
 16.6.3 Interface To `fork()', `wait()' and `waitpid()'
 ------------------------------------------------------
@@ -24356,9 +24359,55 @@ The `fork' extension adds three functions, as follows.
          print "hello from the parent"
 
 
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Ord,  Next: Extension Sample Readdir,  Prev: Extension Sample Fork,  Up: Extension Samples
+File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Inplace,  Next: Extension Sample Ord,  Prev: Extension Sample Fork,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.4 Character and Numeric values: `ord()' and `chr()'
+16.6.4 Enabling in-place file editing.
+--------------------------------------
+
+The `inplace' extension emulates the `sed' `-i' option.  It uses the
+bundled `inplace.awk' include file to invoke the extension properly:
+
+     # inplace --- load and invoke the inplace extension.
+
+     @load "inplace"
+
+     # Please set INPLACE_SUFFIX to make a backup copy.  For example,
+     # you may want to set INPLACE_SUFFIX to .bak on the command-line or in a
+     # BEGIN block.
+
+     BEGINFILE {
+     	inplace_begin(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX)
+     }
+     ENDFILE {
+     	inplace_end(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX)
+     }
+
+   For each regular file that is processed, the extension redirects
+stdout to a temporary file configured to have the same owner and
+permissions.  After the file has been processed, stdout is restored to
+its default destination.  If `INPLACE_SUFFIX' is not an empty string,
+the original file will be linked to a backup filename created by
+appending that suffix.  Finally, the temporary file is renamed to the
+original filename.
+
+   If any error is encountered, the extension issues a fatal error to
+terminate processing immediately without damaging the original file.
+
+   Here are a couple of simple examples:
+
+     $ gawk -i inplace '{gsub(/foo/, "bar")} {print}' file1 file2 file3
+
+   To keep a backup copy of the original files, try this:
+
+     $ gawk -i inplace -vINPLACE_SUFFIX=.bak '{gsub(/foo/, "bar")} {print}' file1 file2 file3
+
+   It is left as an exercise to write a wrapper script that presents an
+interface similar to the `sed' `-i' option.
+
+
+File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Ord,  Next: Extension Sample Readdir,  Prev: Extension Sample Inplace,  Up: Extension Samples
+
+16.6.5 Character and Numeric values: `ord()' and `chr()'
 --------------------------------------------------------
 
 The `ordchr' extension adds two functions, named `ord()' and `chr()',
@@ -24382,7 +24431,7 @@ same name.  Here is an example:
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Readdir,  Next: Extension Sample Revout,  Prev: Extension Sample Ord,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.5 Reading Directories
+16.6.6 Reading Directories
 --------------------------
 
 The `readdir' extension adds an input parser for directories.  The
@@ -24430,7 +24479,7 @@ always `u'.
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Revout,  Next: Extension Sample Rev2way,  Prev: Extension Sample Readdir,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.6 Reversing Output
+16.6.7 Reversing Output
 -----------------------
 
 The `revoutput' extension adds a simple output wrapper that reverses
@@ -24450,7 +24499,7 @@ unwary.  Here is an example:
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Rev2way,  Next: Extension Sample Read write array,  Prev: Extension Sample Revout,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.7 Two-Way I/O Example
+16.6.8 Two-Way I/O Example
 --------------------------
 
 The `revtwoway' extension adds a simple two-way processor that reverses
@@ -24472,7 +24521,7 @@ example shows how to use it:
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Read write array,  Next: Extension Sample Readfile,  Prev: Extension Sample Rev2way,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.8 Dumping and Restoring An Array
+16.6.9 Dumping and Restoring An Array
 -------------------------------------
 
 The `rwarray' extension adds two functions, named `writea()' and
@@ -24516,8 +24565,8 @@ restored on systems with a different one, but this has not been tried.
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Readfile,  Next: Extension Sample API Tests,  Prev: Extension Sample Read write array,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.9 Reading An Entire File
------------------------------
+16.6.10 Reading An Entire File
+------------------------------
 
 The `readfile' extension adds a single function named `readfile()':
 
@@ -24539,7 +24588,7 @@ The `readfile' extension adds a single function named `readfile()':
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample API Tests,  Next: Extension Sample Time,  Prev: Extension Sample Readfile,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.10 API Tests
+16.6.11 API Tests
 -----------------
 
 The `testext' extension exercises parts of the extension API that are
@@ -24551,7 +24600,7 @@ code and runs the tests.  See the source file for more information.
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Extension Sample Time,  Prev: Extension Sample API Tests,  Up: Extension Samples
 
-16.6.11 Extension Time Functions
+16.6.12 Extension Time Functions
 --------------------------------
 
 These functions can be used by either invoking `gawk' with a
@@ -31859,517 +31908,518 @@ Index
 
 Tag Table:
 Node: Top1358
-Node: Foreword40229
-Node: Preface44574
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-147627
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-247733
-Node: History47965
-Node: Names50356
-Ref: Names-Footnote-151833
-Node: This Manual51905
-Ref: This Manual-Footnote-157811
-Node: Conventions57911
-Node: Manual History60045
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163315
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263356
-Node: How To Contribute63430
-Node: Acknowledgments64574
-Node: Getting Started69070
-Node: Running gawk71449
-Node: One-shot72635
-Node: Read Terminal73860
-Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175510
-Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-275786
-Node: Long75957
-Node: Executable Scripts77333
-Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179202
-Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279304
-Node: Comments79851
-Node: Quoting82318
-Node: DOS Quoting86941
-Node: Sample Data Files87616
-Node: Very Simple90648
-Node: Two Rules95247
-Node: More Complex97394
-Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100324
-Node: Statements/Lines100409
-Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1104871
-Node: Other Features105136
-Node: When106064
-Node: Invoking Gawk108211
-Node: Command Line109672
-Node: Options110455
-Ref: Options-Footnote-1125853
-Node: Other Arguments125878
-Node: Naming Standard Input128536
-Node: Environment Variables129630
-Node: AWKPATH Variable130188
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1132946
-Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable133206
-Node: Other Environment Variables133803
-Node: Exit Status136298
-Node: Include Files136973
-Node: Loading Shared Libraries140542
-Node: Obsolete141767
-Node: Undocumented142464
-Node: Regexp142707
-Node: Regexp Usage144096
-Node: Escape Sequences146122
-Node: Regexp Operators151885
-Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1159265
-Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2159412
-Node: Bracket Expressions159510
-Ref: table-char-classes161400
-Node: GNU Regexp Operators163923
-Node: Case-sensitivity167646
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1170614
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2170849
-Node: Leftmost Longest170957
-Node: Computed Regexps172158
-Node: Reading Files175568
-Node: Records177571
-Ref: Records-Footnote-1186495
-Node: Fields186532
-Ref: Fields-Footnote-1189565
-Node: Nonconstant Fields189651
-Node: Changing Fields191853
-Node: Field Separators197834
-Node: Default Field Splitting200463
-Node: Regexp Field Splitting201580
-Node: Single Character Fields204922
-Node: Command Line Field Separator205981
-Node: Field Splitting Summary209422
-Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1212614
-Node: Constant Size212715
-Node: Splitting By Content217299
-Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221025
-Node: Multiple Line221065
-Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1226912
-Node: Getline227091
-Node: Plain Getline229307
-Node: Getline/Variable231396
-Node: Getline/File232537
-Node: Getline/Variable/File233859
-Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1235458
-Node: Getline/Pipe235545
-Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe238105
-Node: Getline/Coprocess239212
-Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess240455
-Node: Getline Notes241169
-Node: Getline Summary243956
-Ref: table-getline-variants244364
-Node: Read Timeout245222
-Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1248967
-Node: Command line directories249024
-Node: Printing249654
-Node: Print251285
-Node: Print Examples252622
-Node: Output Separators255406
-Node: OFMT257166
-Node: Printf258524
-Node: Basic Printf259430
-Node: Control Letters260969
-Node: Format Modifiers264781
-Node: Printf Examples270790
-Node: Redirection273505
-Node: Special Files280489
-Node: Special FD281022
-Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1284647
-Node: Special Network284721
-Node: Special Caveats285571
-Node: Close Files And Pipes286367
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1293390
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2293538
-Node: Expressions293688
-Node: Values294820
-Node: Constants295496
-Node: Scalar Constants296176
-Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1297035
-Node: Nondecimal-numbers297217
-Node: Regexp Constants300276
-Node: Using Constant Regexps300751
-Node: Variables303806
-Node: Using Variables304461
-Node: Assignment Options306185
-Node: Conversion308057
-Ref: table-locale-affects313433
-Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1314057
-Node: All Operators314166
-Node: Arithmetic Ops314796
-Node: Concatenation317301
-Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1320094
-Node: Assignment Ops320214
-Ref: table-assign-ops325202
-Node: Increment Ops326610
-Node: Truth Values and Conditions330080
-Node: Truth Values331163
-Node: Typing and Comparison332212
-Node: Variable Typing333001
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1336898
-Node: Comparison Operators337020
-Ref: table-relational-ops337430
-Node: POSIX String Comparison340979
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1341935
-Node: Boolean Ops342073
-Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1346151
-Node: Conditional Exp346242
-Node: Function Calls347974
-Node: Precedence351568
-Node: Locales355237
-Node: Patterns and Actions356326
-Node: Pattern Overview357380
-Node: Regexp Patterns359049
-Node: Expression Patterns359592
-Node: Ranges363277
-Node: BEGIN/END366243
-Node: Using BEGIN/END367005
-Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1369736
-Node: I/O And BEGIN/END369842
-Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE372124
-Node: Empty375028
-Node: Using Shell Variables375344
-Node: Action Overview377629
-Node: Statements379986
-Node: If Statement381840
-Node: While Statement383339
-Node: Do Statement385383
-Node: For Statement386539
-Node: Switch Statement389691
-Node: Break Statement391788
-Node: Continue Statement393778
-Node: Next Statement395571
-Node: Nextfile Statement397961
-Node: Exit Statement400602
-Node: Built-in Variables403018
-Node: User-modified404113
-Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1412468
-Node: Auto-set412530
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1424881
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2425086
-Node: ARGC and ARGV425142
-Node: Arrays428993
-Node: Array Basics430498
-Node: Array Intro431324
-Node: Reference to Elements435642
-Node: Assigning Elements437912
-Node: Array Example438403
-Node: Scanning an Array440135
-Node: Controlling Scanning442449
-Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1447382
-Node: Delete447698
-Ref: Delete-Footnote-1450463
-Node: Numeric Array Subscripts450520
-Node: Uninitialized Subscripts452703
-Node: Multi-dimensional454331
-Node: Multi-scanning457425
-Node: Arrays of Arrays459016
-Node: Functions463661
-Node: Built-in464480
-Node: Calling Built-in465558
-Node: Numeric Functions467546
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1471378
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2471735
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3471783
-Node: String Functions472052
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1495549
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2495678
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3495926
-Node: Gory Details496013
-Ref: table-sub-escapes497692
-Ref: table-sub-posix-92499046
-Ref: table-sub-proposed500397
-Ref: table-posix-sub501751
-Ref: table-gensub-escapes503296
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1504503
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2504554
-Node: I/O Functions504705
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1511810
-Node: Time Functions511957
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-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2522958
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+Node: Printing Messages909041
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1910118
+Node: Updating `ERRNO'910270
+Node: Accessing Parameters911009
+Node: Symbol Table Access912241
+Node: Symbol table by name912753
+Node: Symbol table by cookie914328
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1918457
+Node: Cached values918520
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1921963
+Node: Array Manipulation922054
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1923152
+Node: Array Data Types923191
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1925894
+Node: Array Functions925986
+Node: Flattening Arrays929754
+Node: Creating Arrays936593
+Node: Extension API Variables941388
+Node: Extension Versioning942024
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables943925
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate945011
+Node: Finding Extensions948842
+Node: Extension Example949389
+Node: Internal File Description950127
+Node: Internal File Ops953815
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1965262
+Node: Using Internal File Ops965402
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-1967755
+Node: Extension Samples968021
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions969545
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch978018
+Node: Extension Sample Fork979744
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace980962
+Node: Extension Sample Ord982657
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir983436
+Node: Extension Sample Revout984940
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way985533
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array986223
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile988106
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests988863
+Node: Extension Sample Time989388
+Node: gawkextlib990695
+Node: Language History993076
+Node: V7/SVR3.1994598
+Node: SVR4996919
+Node: POSIX998361
+Node: BTL999369
+Node: POSIX/GNU1000174
+Node: Common Extensions1005709
+Node: Ranges and Locales1006816
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11011434
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21011461
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31011721
+Node: Contributors1011942
+Node: Installation1016238
+Node: Gawk Distribution1017132
+Node: Getting1017616
+Node: Extracting1018442
+Node: Distribution contents1020134
+Node: Unix Installation1025395
+Node: Quick Installation1026012
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1027974
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1029451
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1031793
+Node: PC Installation1032251
+Node: PC Binary Installation1033550
+Node: PC Compiling1035398
+Node: PC Testing1038342
+Node: PC Using1039518
+Node: Cygwin1043703
+Node: MSYS1044703
+Node: VMS Installation1045217
+Node: VMS Compilation1045820
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11046827
+Node: VMS Installation Details1046885
+Node: VMS Running1048520
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1050127
+Node: Bugs1050601
+Node: Other Versions1054453
+Node: Notes1060109
+Node: Compatibility Mode1060909
+Node: Additions1061692
+Node: Accessing The Source1062619
+Node: Adding Code1064222
+Node: New Ports1070264
+Node: Derived Files1074399
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11079720
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21079754
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31080354
+Node: Future Extensions1080452
+Node: Implementation Limitations1081033
+Node: Extension Design1082285
+Node: Old Extension Problems1083434
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11084942
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1084999
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11088358
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1088544
+Node: Extension Future Growth1090650
+Node: Old Extension Mechansim1091471
+Node: Basic Concepts1093228
+Node: Basic High Level1093909
+Ref: figure-general-flow1094180
+Ref: figure-process-flow1094779
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11098008
+Node: Basic Data Typing1098193
+Node: Glossary1101548
+Node: Copying1126859
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1164416
+Node: Index1189553
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 6d476b73..6f44c969 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -765,6 +765,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
 * Extension Sample Fnmatch::            An interface to @code{fnmatch()}.
 * Extension Sample Fork::               An interface to @code{fork()} and
                                         other process functions.
+* Extension Sample Inplace::            Enabling in-place file editing.
 * Extension Sample Ord::                Character to value to character
                                         conversions.
 * Extension Sample Readdir::            An interface to @code{readdir()}.
@@ -31156,7 +31157,7 @@ $ @kbd{AWKLIBPATH=$PWD gawk -f testff.awk}
 
 This @value{SECTION} provides brief overviews of the sample extensions
 that come in the @command{gawk} distribution. Some of them are intended
-for production use, such the @code{filefuncs} and @code{readdir} extensions.
+for production use, such the @code{filefuncs}, @code{readdir} and @code{inplace} extensions.
 Others mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API.
 
 @menu
@@ -31164,6 +31165,7 @@ Others mainly provide example code that shows how to use the extension API.
 * Extension Sample Fnmatch::          An interface to @code{fnmatch()}.
 * Extension Sample Fork::             An interface to @code{fork()} and other
                                       process functions.
+* Extension Sample Inplace::          Enabling in-place file editing.
 * Extension Sample Ord::              Character to value to character
                                       conversions.
 * Extension Sample Readdir::          An interface to @code{readdir()}.
@@ -31504,6 +31506,59 @@ else
     print "hello from the parent"
 @end example
 
+@node Extension Sample Inplace
+@subsection Enabling in-place file editing.
+
+The @code{inplace} extension emulates the @command{sed} @option{-i} option.
+It uses the bundled @file{inplace.awk} include file to invoke the extension
+properly:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/lib/inplace.awk
+@group
+# inplace --- load and invoke the inplace extension.
+
+@@load "inplace"
+
+# Please set INPLACE_SUFFIX to make a backup copy.  For example,
+# you may want to set INPLACE_SUFFIX to .bak on the command-line or in a
+# BEGIN block.
+
+BEGINFILE @{
+	inplace_begin(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX)
+@}
+ENDFILE @{
+	inplace_end(FILENAME, INPLACE_SUFFIX)
+@}
+@end group
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+For each regular file that is processed, the extension redirects stdout
+to a temporary file configured to have the same owner and permissions.
+After the file has been processed, stdout is restored to its default
+destination.  If @code{INPLACE_SUFFIX} is not an empty string, the
+original file will be linked to a backup filename created by appending
+that suffix.  Finally, the temporary file is renamed to the original filename.
+
+If any error is encountered, the extension issues a fatal error to terminate
+processing immediately without damaging the original file.
+
+Here are a couple of simple examples:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -i inplace '@{gsub(/foo/, "bar")@} @{print@}' file1 file2 file3}
+@end example
+
+To keep a backup copy of the original files, try this:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -i inplace -vINPLACE_SUFFIX=.bak '@{gsub(/foo/, "bar")@} @{print@}' file1 file2 file3}
+@end example
+
+It is left as an exercise to write a wrapper script that presents an
+interface similar to the @command{sed} @option{-i} option.
+
 @node Extension Sample Ord
 @subsection Character and Numeric values: @code{ord()} and @code{chr()}
 
diff --git a/extension/ChangeLog b/extension/ChangeLog
index 3091fac8..7fea3bf0 100644
--- a/extension/ChangeLog
+++ b/extension/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+2013-01-08         Andrew J. Schorr     <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com>
+
+	* inplace.c: New extension to implement in-place editing.
+	* Makefile.am: Add inplace extension.
+
 2012-12-25         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* filefuncs.3am, fnmatch.3am: Predefined variables are no
diff --git a/extension/Makefile.am b/extension/Makefile.am
index 33902a6d..d5977f2e 100644
--- a/extension/Makefile.am
+++ b/extension/Makefile.am
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ pkgextension_LTLIBRARIES =	\
 	filefuncs.la	\
 	fnmatch.la	\
 	fork.la		\
+	inplace.la	\
 	ordchr.la	\
 	readdir.la	\
 	readfile.la	\
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ fork_la_SOURCES       = fork.c
 fork_la_LDFLAGS       = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS)
 fork_la_LIBADD        = $(MY_LIBS)
 
+inplace_la_SOURCES    = inplace.c
+inplace_la_LDFLAGS    = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS)
+inplace_la_LIBADD     = $(MY_LIBS)
+
 ordchr_la_SOURCES     = ordchr.c
 ordchr_la_LDFLAGS     = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS)
 ordchr_la_LIBADD      = $(MY_LIBS)
diff --git a/extension/Makefile.in b/extension/Makefile.in
index e0bb2430..21a56636 100644
--- a/extension/Makefile.in
+++ b/extension/Makefile.in
@@ -155,6 +155,12 @@ fork_la_OBJECTS = $(am_fork_la_OBJECTS)
 fork_la_LINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) \
 	--mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(fork_la_LDFLAGS) \
 	$(LDFLAGS) -o $@
+inplace_la_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
+am_inplace_la_OBJECTS = inplace.lo
+inplace_la_OBJECTS = $(am_inplace_la_OBJECTS)
+inplace_la_LINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) \
+	$(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) \
+	$(inplace_la_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
 ordchr_la_DEPENDENCIES = $(am__DEPENDENCIES_2)
 am_ordchr_la_OBJECTS = ordchr.lo
 ordchr_la_OBJECTS = $(am_ordchr_la_OBJECTS)
@@ -217,15 +223,15 @@ LINK = $(LIBTOOL) --tag=CC $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) \
 	--mode=link $(CCLD) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(AM_LDFLAGS) \
 	$(LDFLAGS) -o $@
 SOURCES = $(filefuncs_la_SOURCES) $(fnmatch_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(fork_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) $(readdir_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(readfile_la_SOURCES) $(revoutput_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) $(rwarray_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES)
+	$(fork_la_SOURCES) $(inplace_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) \
+	$(readdir_la_SOURCES) $(readfile_la_SOURCES) \
+	$(revoutput_la_SOURCES) $(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) \
+	$(rwarray_la_SOURCES) $(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES)
 DIST_SOURCES = $(filefuncs_la_SOURCES) $(fnmatch_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(fork_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) $(readdir_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(readfile_la_SOURCES) $(revoutput_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) $(rwarray_la_SOURCES) \
-	$(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES)
+	$(fork_la_SOURCES) $(inplace_la_SOURCES) $(ordchr_la_SOURCES) \
+	$(readdir_la_SOURCES) $(readfile_la_SOURCES) \
+	$(revoutput_la_SOURCES) $(revtwoway_la_SOURCES) \
+	$(rwarray_la_SOURCES) $(testext_la_SOURCES) $(time_la_SOURCES)
 RECURSIVE_TARGETS = all-recursive check-recursive dvi-recursive \
 	html-recursive info-recursive install-data-recursive \
 	install-dvi-recursive install-exec-recursive \
@@ -434,6 +440,7 @@ pkgextension_LTLIBRARIES = \
 	filefuncs.la	\
 	fnmatch.la	\
 	fork.la		\
+	inplace.la	\
 	ordchr.la	\
 	readdir.la	\
 	readfile.la	\
@@ -455,6 +462,9 @@ fnmatch_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS)
 fork_la_SOURCES = fork.c
 fork_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS)
 fork_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS)
+inplace_la_SOURCES = inplace.c
+inplace_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS)
+inplace_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS)
 ordchr_la_SOURCES = ordchr.c
 ordchr_la_LDFLAGS = $(MY_MODULE_FLAGS)
 ordchr_la_LIBADD = $(MY_LIBS)
@@ -587,6 +597,8 @@ fnmatch.la: $(fnmatch_la_OBJECTS) $(fnmatch_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_fnmatch_la_
 	$(fnmatch_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(fnmatch_la_OBJECTS) $(fnmatch_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
 fork.la: $(fork_la_OBJECTS) $(fork_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_fork_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	$(fork_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(fork_la_OBJECTS) $(fork_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
+inplace.la: $(inplace_la_OBJECTS) $(inplace_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_inplace_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	$(inplace_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(inplace_la_OBJECTS) $(inplace_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
 ordchr.la: $(ordchr_la_OBJECTS) $(ordchr_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_ordchr_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
 	$(ordchr_la_LINK) -rpath $(pkgextensiondir) $(ordchr_la_OBJECTS) $(ordchr_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
 readdir.la: $(readdir_la_OBJECTS) $(readdir_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_readdir_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
@@ -614,6 +626,7 @@ distclean-compile:
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/fnmatch.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/fork.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/gawkfts.Plo@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/inplace.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/ordchr.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/readdir.Plo@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/readfile.Plo@am__quote@
diff --git a/extension/inplace.c b/extension/inplace.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69b188b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extension/inplace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+/*
+ * inplace.c - Provide support for in-place editing.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 
+ * This file is part of GAWK, the GNU implementation of the
+ * AWK Programming Language.
+ * 
+ * GAWK is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * GAWK is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "gawkapi.h"
+
+#include "gettext.h"
+#define _(msgid)  gettext(msgid)
+#define N_(msgid) msgid
+
+static const gawk_api_t *api;	/* for convenience macros to work */
+static awk_ext_id_t *ext_id;
+static const char *ext_version = "inplace extension: version 1.0";
+
+int plugin_is_GPL_compatible;
+
+static struct {
+	char *tname;
+	int default_stdout;
+	int posrc;	/* return code from fgetpos */
+	fpos_t pos;
+} state = { NULL, -1 };
+
+/*
+ * XXX Known problems:
+ * 1. Should copy ACL.
+ * 2. Not reentrant, so will not work if multiple files are open at
+ *    the same time.  I'm not sure this is a meaningful problem in practice.
+ */
+
+static void
+at_exit(void *data, int exit_status)
+{
+	if (state.tname) {
+		unlink(state.tname);
+		free(state.tname);
+		state.tname = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * N.B. Almost everything is a fatal error because this feature is typically
+ * used for one-liners where the user is not going to be worrying about
+ * checking errors.  If anything unexpected occurs, we want to abort
+ * immediately!
+ */
+
+static int
+invalid_filename(const awk_string_t *filename)
+{
+	return filename->len == 0 ||
+		(filename->len == 1 && *filename->str == '-');
+}
+
+/* do_inplace_begin --- start in-place editing */
+
+static awk_value_t *
+do_inplace_begin(int nargs, awk_value_t *result)
+{
+	awk_value_t filename, suffix;
+	struct stat sbuf;
+	char *p;
+	int fd;
+
+	assert(result != NULL);
+
+	if (state.tname)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: in-place editing already active"));
+
+	if (nargs != 2)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: expects 2 arguments but called with %d"), nargs);
+		
+	if (! get_argument(0, AWK_STRING, &filename))
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: cannot retrieve 1st argument as a string filename"));
+
+	if (! get_argument(1, AWK_STRING, &suffix))
+		suffix.str_value.str = NULL;
+
+	if (invalid_filename(&filename.str_value)) {
+		warning(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: disabling in-place editing for invalid FILENAME `%s'"),
+			filename.str_value.str);
+		unset_ERRNO();
+		return make_number(-1, result);
+	}
+
+	if (stat(filename.str_value.str, & sbuf) < 0) {
+		warning(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: Cannot stat `%s' (%s)"),
+			filename.str_value.str, strerror(errno));
+		update_ERRNO_int(errno);
+		return make_number(-1, result);
+	}
+
+	if (! S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) {
+		warning(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: `%s' is not a regular file"),
+			filename.str_value.str);
+		unset_ERRNO();
+		return make_number(-1, result);
+	}
+
+	/* create a temporary file to which to redirect stdout */
+	emalloc(state.tname, char *, filename.str_value.len+14, "do_inplace_begin");
+	sprintf(state.tname, "%s.gawk.XXXXXX", filename.str_value.str);
+
+	if ((fd = mkstemp(state.tname)) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: mkstemp(`%s') failed (%s)"),
+			state.tname, strerror(errno));
+
+	/* N.B. chown/chmod should be more portable than fchown/fchmod */
+	if (chown(state.tname, sbuf.st_uid, sbuf.st_gid) < 0)
+	   chown(state.tname, -1, sbuf.st_gid);
+	if (chmod(state.tname, sbuf.st_mode) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: chmod failed (%s)"),
+			strerror(errno));
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	/* N.B. fgetpos fails when stdout is a tty */
+	state.posrc = fgetpos(stdout, &state.pos);
+	if ((state.default_stdout = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: dup(stdout) failed (%s)"),
+			strerror(errno));
+	if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: dup2(%d, stdout) failed (%s)"),
+			fd, strerror(errno));
+	if (close(fd) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: close(%d) failed (%s)"),
+			fd, strerror(errno));
+	rewind(stdout);
+	return make_number(0, result);
+}
+
+/* do_inplace_end --- finish in-place editing */
+
+static awk_value_t *
+do_inplace_end(int nargs, awk_value_t *result)
+{
+	awk_value_t filename, suffix;
+
+	assert(result != NULL);
+
+	if (nargs != 2)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_begin: expects 2 arguments but called with %d"), nargs);
+
+	if (! get_argument(0, AWK_STRING, &filename))
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: cannot retrieve 1st argument as a string filename"));
+
+	if (! get_argument(1, AWK_STRING, &suffix))
+		suffix.str_value.str = NULL;
+
+	if (! state.tname) {
+		if (! invalid_filename(&filename.str_value))
+			warning(ext_id, _("inplace_end: in-place editing not active"));
+		return make_number(0, result);
+	}
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	if (dup2(state.default_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: dup2(%d, stdout) failed (%s)"),
+			state.default_stdout, strerror(errno));
+	if (close(state.default_stdout) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: close(%d) failed (%s)"),
+			state.default_stdout, strerror(errno));
+	state.default_stdout = -1;
+	if (state.posrc == 0 && fsetpos(stdout, &state.pos) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: fsetpos(stdout) failed (%s)"),
+			strerror(errno));
+
+	if (suffix.str_value.str && suffix.str_value.str[0]) {
+		/* backup requested */
+		char *bakname;
+
+		emalloc(bakname, char *, filename.str_value.len+suffix.str_value.len+1,
+			"do_inplace_end");
+		sprintf(bakname, "%s%s",
+			filename.str_value.str, suffix.str_value.str);
+		unlink(bakname); /* if backup file exists already, remove it */
+		if (link(filename.str_value.str, bakname) < 0)
+			fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: link(`%s', `%s') failed (%s)"),
+				filename.str_value.str, bakname, strerror(errno));
+		free(bakname);
+	}
+
+	if (rename(state.tname, filename.str_value.str) < 0)
+		fatal(ext_id, _("inplace_end: rename(`%s', `%s') failed (%s)"),
+			state.tname, filename.str_value.str, strerror(errno));
+	free(state.tname);
+	state.tname = NULL;
+	return make_number(0, result);
+}
+
+static awk_ext_func_t func_table[] = {
+	{ "inplace_begin", do_inplace_begin, 2 },
+	{ "inplace_end", do_inplace_end, 2 },
+};
+
+static awk_bool_t init_inplace(void)
+{
+	awk_atexit(at_exit, NULL);
+	return awk_true;
+}
+
+static awk_bool_t (*init_func)(void) = init_inplace;
+
+/* define the dl_load function using the boilerplate macro */
+
+dl_load_func(func_table, inplace, "")