More reviewer comments.

12 files changed, 678 insertions, 732 deletions

diff --git a/awklib/eg/lib/groupawk.in b/awklib/eg/lib/groupawk.in
index 0917b923..9382bce8 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/lib/groupawk.in
+++ b/awklib/eg/lib/groupawk.in
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 # Revised October 2000
 # Revised December 2010
 
-BEGIN    \
-{
+BEGIN {
     # Change to suit your system
     _gr_awklib = "/usr/local/libexec/awk/"
 }
diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/alarm.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/alarm.awk
index 63cf64a4..59630ea8 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/prog/alarm.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/prog/alarm.awk
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 
 # usage: alarm time [ "message" [ count [ delay ] ] ]
 
-BEGIN    \
-{
+BEGIN {
     # Initial argument sanity checking
     usage1 = "usage: alarm time ['message' [count [delay]]]"
     usage2 = sprintf("\t(%s) time ::= hh:mm", ARGV[1])
diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk
index 04d9bc11..56e35e71 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ function usage(    e1, e2)
     print e2 > "/dev/stderr"
     exit 1
 }
-BEGIN    \
-{
+BEGIN {
     FS = "\t"    # default
     OFS = FS
     while ((c = getopt(ARGC, ARGV, "sf:c:d:")) != -1) {
diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/egrep.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/egrep.awk
index 86b3cfda..094bdea5 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/prog/egrep.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/prog/egrep.awk
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ function endfile(file)
             print
     }
 }
-END    \
-{
+END {
     exit (total == 0)
 }
 function usage(    e)
diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/id.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/id.awk
index cf744447..992fa57c 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/prog/id.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/prog/id.awk
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@
 # uid=12(foo) euid=34(bar) gid=3(baz) \
 #             egid=5(blat) groups=9(nine),2(two),1(one)
 
-BEGIN    \
-{
+BEGIN {
     uid = PROCINFO["uid"]
     euid = PROCINFO["euid"]
     gid = PROCINFO["gid"]
diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/labels.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/labels.awk
index abf53c3b..3195809b 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/prog/labels.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/prog/labels.awk
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ function printpage(    i, j)
     Count++
 }
 
-END    \
-{
+END {
     printpage()
 }
diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/tee.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/tee.awk
index 639b9f80..fd9985f1 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/prog/tee.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/prog/tee.awk
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 # May 1993
 # Revised December 1995
 
-BEGIN    \
-{
+BEGIN {
     for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++)
         copy[i] = ARGV[i]
 
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ BEGIN    \
             print > copy[i]
     print
 }
-END    \
-{
+END {
     for (i in copy)
         close(copy[i])
 }
diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/uniq.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/uniq.awk
index 990387ac..effc8f6c 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/prog/uniq.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/prog/uniq.awk
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ function usage(    e)
 # -n    skip n fields
 # +n    skip n characters, skip fields first
 
-BEGIN   \
-{
+BEGIN {
     count = 1
     outputfile = "/dev/stdout"
     opts = "udc0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9:"
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index a7cd7d6c..f161e953 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2014-08-23         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in: Continuing on reviewer comments.
+
 2014-08-22         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawktexi.in: Continuing on reviewer comments.
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 39da4897..9e4f3ec7 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -2243,9 +2243,7 @@ edit-compile-test-debug cycle of software development.
 retargetable assembler for eight-bit microprocessors (*note Glossary::,
 for more information), and a microcode assembler for a special-purpose
 Prolog computer.  While the original `awk''s capabilities were strained
-by tasks of such complexity, modern versions are more capable.  Even
-BWK `awk' has fewer predefined limits, and those that it has are much
-larger than they used to be.
+by tasks of such complexity, modern versions are more capable.
 
    If you find yourself writing `awk' scripts of more than, say, a few
 hundred lines, you might consider using a different programming
@@ -2266,6 +2264,9 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Intro Summary,  Prev: When,  Up: Getting Started
 
    * Programs in `awk' consist of PATTERN-ACTION pairs.
 
+   * An ACTION without a PATTERN always runs.  The default ACTION for a
+     pattern without one is `{ print $0 }'.
+
    * Use either `awk 'PROGRAM' FILES' or `awk -f PROGRAM-FILE FILES' to
      run `awk'.
 
@@ -3207,7 +3208,7 @@ that matches every input record whose text belongs to that set.  The
 simplest regular expression is a sequence of letters, numbers, or both.
 Such a regexp matches any string that contains that sequence.  Thus,
 the regexp `foo' matches any string containing `foo'.  Therefore, the
-pattern `/foo/' matches any input record containing the three
+pattern `/foo/' matches any input record containing the three adjacent
 characters `foo' _anywhere_ in the record.  Other kinds of regexps let
 you specify more complicated classes of strings.
 
@@ -3502,9 +3503,10 @@ sequences and that are not listed in the table stand for themselves:
 `|'
      This is the "alternation operator" and it is used to specify
      alternatives.  The `|' has the lowest precedence of all the regular
-     expression operators.  For example, `^P|[[:digit:]]' matches any
-     string that matches either `^P' or `[[:digit:]]'.  This means it
-     matches any string that starts with `P' or contains a digit.
+     expression operators.  For example, `^P|[aeiouy]' matches any
+     string that matches either `^P' or `[aeiouy]'.  This means it
+     matches any string that starts with `P' or contains (anywhere
+     within it) a lowercase English vowel.
 
      The alternation applies to the largest possible regexps on either
      side.
@@ -3630,7 +3632,9 @@ expression, put a `\' in front of it.  For example:
 
      [d\]]
 
-matches either `d' or `]'.
+matches either `d' or `]'.  Additionally, if you place `]' right after
+the opening `[', the closing bracket is treated as one of the
+characters to be matched.
 
    This treatment of `\' in bracket expressions is compatible with
 other `awk' implementations and is also mandated by POSIX.  The regular
@@ -4025,7 +4029,7 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Regexp Summary,  Prev: Computed Regexps,  Up: Regexp
      extent of the match, such as for text substitution and when the
      record separator is a regexp.
 
-   * Matching expressions may use dynamic regexps; that is, string
+   * Matching expressions may use dynamic regexps, that is, string
      values treated as regular expressions.
 
 
@@ -4078,13 +4082,13 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Records,  Next: Fields,  Up: Reading Files
 4.1 How Input Is Split into Records
 ===================================
 
-The `awk' utility divides the input for your `awk' program into records
-and fields.  `awk' keeps track of the number of records that have been
-read so far from the current input file.  This value is stored in a
-built-in variable called `FNR'.  It is reset to zero when a new file is
-started.  Another built-in variable, `NR', records the total number of
-input records read so far from all data files.  It starts at zero, but
-is never automatically reset to zero.
+`awk' divides the input for your program into records and fields.  It
+keeps track of the number of records that have been read so far from
+the current input file.  This value is stored in a built-in variable
+called `FNR' which is reset to zero when a new file is started.
+Another built-in variable, `NR', records the total number of input
+records read so far from all data files.  It starts at zero, but is
+never automatically reset to zero.
 
 * Menu:
 
@@ -5339,8 +5343,8 @@ yet.  Therefore, come back and study the `getline' command _after_ you
 have reviewed the rest of this Info file and have a good knowledge of
 how `awk' works.
 
-   The `getline' command returns one if it finds a record and zero if
-it encounters the end of the file.  If there is some error in getting a
+   The `getline' command returns 1 if it finds a record and 0 if it
+encounters the end of the file.  If there is some error in getting a
 record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then `getline' returns
 -1.  In this case, `gawk' sets the variable `ERRNO' to a string
 describing the error that occurred.
@@ -8441,9 +8445,9 @@ because of the way they work.  Evaluation of the full expression is
 "short-circuited" if the result can be determined part way through its
 evaluation.
 
-   Statements that use `&&' or `||' can be continued simply by putting
-a newline after them.  But you cannot put a newline in front of either
-of these operators without using backslash continuation (*note
+   Statements that end with `&&' or `||' can be continued simply by
+putting a newline after them.  But you cannot put a newline in front of
+either of these operators without using backslash continuation (*note
 Statements/Lines::).
 
    The actual value of an expression using the `!' operator is either
@@ -8919,7 +8923,7 @@ precisely `li':
 `li'.)  Contrast this with the following regular expression match, which
 accepts any record with a first field that contains `li':
 
-     $ awk '$1 ~ /foo/ { print $2 }' mail-list
+     $ awk '$1 ~ /li/ { print $2 }' mail-list
      -| 555-5553
      -| 555-6699
 
@@ -10802,7 +10806,8 @@ index, use the following expression:
 This expression tests whether the particular index INDX exists, without
 the side effect of creating that element if it is not present.  The
 expression has the value one (true) if `ARRAY[INDX]' exists and zero
-(false) if it does not exist.  For example, this statement tests
+(false) if it does not exist.  (We use INDX here, since `index' is the
+name of a built-in function.)  For example, this statement tests
 whether the array `frequencies' contains the index `2':
 
      if (2 in frequencies)
@@ -14651,8 +14656,7 @@ worrying about:
      }
 
      #### test code ####
-     # BEGIN    \
-     # {
+     # BEGIN {
      #    for (;;) {
      #        printf("enter a character: ")
      #        if (getline var <= 0)
@@ -15775,8 +15779,7 @@ the same names:
 
      # group.awk --- functions for dealing with the group file
 
-     BEGIN    \
-     {
+     BEGIN {
          # Change to suit your system
          _gr_awklib = "/usr/local/libexec/awk/"
      }
@@ -16199,8 +16202,7 @@ through the command-line options.  Exactly one of the variables
 should be done by fields or by characters, respectively.  When cutting
 by characters, the output field separator is set to the null string:
 
-     BEGIN    \
-     {
+     BEGIN {
          FS = "\t"    # default
          OFS = FS
          while ((c = getopt(ARGC, ARGV, "sf:c:d:")) != -1) {
@@ -16585,8 +16587,7 @@ line is printed, with a leading file name and colon if necessary:
    The `END' rule takes care of producing the correct exit status. If
 there are no matches, the exit status is one; otherwise it is zero:
 
-     END    \
-     {
+     END {
          exit (total == 0)
      }
 
@@ -16604,13 +16605,6 @@ options, and then exits:
    The variable `e' is used so that the function fits nicely on the
 printed page.
 
-   Just a note on programming style: you may have noticed that the `END'
-rule uses backslash continuation, with the open brace on a line by
-itself.  This is so that it more closely resembles the way functions
-are written.  Many of the examples in this major node use this style.
-You can decide for yourself if you like writing your `BEGIN' and `END'
-rules this way or not.
-
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
    (1) It also introduces a subtle bug; if a match happens, we output
@@ -16653,8 +16647,7 @@ and the group numbers:
      # uid=12(foo) euid=34(bar) gid=3(baz) \
      #             egid=5(blat) groups=9(nine),2(two),1(one)
 
-     BEGIN    \
-     {
+     BEGIN {
          uid = PROCINFO["uid"]
          euid = PROCINFO["euid"]
          gid = PROCINFO["gid"]
@@ -16862,8 +16855,7 @@ input by setting `ARGV[1]' to `"-"' and `ARGC' to two:
      # Copy standard input to all named output files.
      # Append content if -a option is supplied.
      #
-     BEGIN    \
-     {
+     BEGIN {
          for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++)
              copy[i] = ARGV[i]
 
@@ -16913,8 +16905,7 @@ N input records and M output files, the first method only executes N
 
    Finally, the `END' rule cleans up by closing all the output files:
 
-     END    \
-     {
+     END {
          for (i in copy)
              close(copy[i])
      }
@@ -17001,8 +16992,7 @@ standard output, `/dev/stdout':
      # -n    skip n fields
      # +n    skip n characters, skip fields first
 
-     BEGIN   \
-     {
+     BEGIN {
          count = 1
          outputfile = "/dev/stdout"
          opts = "udc0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9:"
@@ -17390,8 +17380,7 @@ Statement::), but the processing could be done with a series of
      # Requires getlocaltime() library function
      # usage: alarm time [ "message" [ count [ delay ] ] ]
 
-     BEGIN    \
-     {
+     BEGIN {
          # Initial argument sanity checking
          usage1 = "usage: alarm time ['message' [count [delay]]]"
          usage2 = sprintf("\t(%s) time ::= hh:mm", ARGV[1])
@@ -17712,8 +17701,7 @@ not have been an even multiple of 20 labels in the data:
          Count++
      }
 
-     END    \
-     {
+     END {
          printpage()
      }
 
@@ -30962,11 +30950,11 @@ Index
 * ' (single quote), vs. apostrophe:      Comments.            (line  27)
 * ' (single quote), with double quotes:  Quoting.             (line  70)
 * () (parentheses), in a profile:        Profiling.           (line 146)
-* () (parentheses), regexp operator:     Regexp Operators.    (line  80)
+* () (parentheses), regexp operator:     Regexp Operators.    (line  81)
 * * (asterisk), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence.
                                                               (line  55)
 * * (asterisk), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
-                                                              (line  88)
+                                                              (line  89)
 * * (asterisk), * operator, null strings, matching: Gory Details.
                                                               (line 143)
 * * (asterisk), ** operator <1>:         Precedence.          (line  49)
@@ -30980,7 +30968,7 @@ Index
 * + (plus sign), ++ operator:            Increment Ops.       (line  11)
 * + (plus sign), += operator <1>:        Precedence.          (line  95)
 * + (plus sign), += operator:            Assignment Ops.      (line  82)
-* + (plus sign), regexp operator:        Regexp Operators.    (line 103)
+* + (plus sign), regexp operator:        Regexp Operators.    (line 104)
 * , (comma), in range patterns:          Ranges.              (line   6)
 * - (hyphen), - operator:                Precedence.          (line  52)
 * - (hyphen), -- operator <1>:           Precedence.          (line  46)
@@ -31123,7 +31111,7 @@ Index
 * ? (question mark), ?: operator:        Precedence.          (line  92)
 * ? (question mark), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line  59)
-* ? (question mark), regexp operator:    Regexp Operators.    (line 112)
+* ? (question mark), regexp operator:    Regexp Operators.    (line 113)
 * [] (square brackets), regexp operator: Regexp Operators.    (line  56)
 * \ (backslash):                         Comments.            (line  50)
 * \ (backslash) in shell commands:       Read Terminal.       (line  25)
@@ -31160,7 +31148,6 @@ Index
                                                               (line  38)
 * \ (backslash), as field separator:     Command Line Field Separator.
                                                               (line  27)
-* \ (backslash), continuing lines and <1>: Egrep Program.     (line 223)
 * \ (backslash), continuing lines and:   Statements/Lines.    (line  19)
 * \ (backslash), continuing lines and, comments and: Statements/Lines.
                                                               (line  76)
@@ -31326,7 +31313,7 @@ Index
 * asterisk (*), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence.
                                                               (line  55)
 * asterisk (*), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
-                                                              (line  88)
+                                                              (line  89)
 * asterisk (*), * operator, null strings, matching: Gory Details.
                                                               (line 143)
 * asterisk (*), ** operator <1>:         Precedence.          (line  49)
@@ -31344,7 +31331,7 @@ Index
 * awk programs <1>:                      Two Rules.           (line   6)
 * awk programs <2>:                      Executable Scripts.  (line   6)
 * awk programs:                          Getting Started.     (line  12)
-* awk programs, complex:                 When.                (line  29)
+* awk programs, complex:                 When.                (line  27)
 * awk programs, documenting <1>:         Library Names.       (line   6)
 * awk programs, documenting:             Comments.            (line   6)
 * awk programs, examples of:             Sample Programs.     (line   6)
@@ -31433,7 +31420,6 @@ Index
                                                               (line  38)
 * backslash (\), as field separator:     Command Line Field Separator.
                                                               (line  27)
-* backslash (\), continuing lines and <1>: Egrep Program.     (line 223)
 * backslash (\), continuing lines and:   Statements/Lines.    (line  19)
 * backslash (\), continuing lines and, comments and: Statements/Lines.
                                                               (line  76)
@@ -31509,15 +31495,15 @@ Index
 * bracket expressions <1>:               Bracket Expressions. (line   6)
 * bracket expressions:                   Regexp Operators.    (line  56)
 * bracket expressions, character classes: Bracket Expressions.
-                                                              (line  30)
+                                                              (line  32)
 * bracket expressions, collating elements: Bracket Expressions.
-                                                              (line  77)
+                                                              (line  79)
 * bracket expressions, collating symbols: Bracket Expressions.
-                                                              (line  84)
+                                                              (line  86)
 * bracket expressions, complemented:     Regexp Operators.    (line  64)
 * bracket expressions, equivalence classes: Bracket Expressions.
-                                                              (line  90)
-* bracket expressions, non-ASCII:        Bracket Expressions. (line  77)
+                                                              (line  92)
+* bracket expressions, non-ASCII:        Bracket Expressions. (line  79)
 * bracket expressions, range expressions: Bracket Expressions.
                                                               (line   6)
 * break debugger command:                Breakpoint Control.  (line  11)
@@ -31634,8 +31620,8 @@ Index
 * Close, Diane <1>:                      Contributors.        (line  20)
 * Close, Diane:                          Manual History.      (line  34)
 * Collado, Manuel:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  60)
-* collating elements:                    Bracket Expressions. (line  77)
-* collating symbols:                     Bracket Expressions. (line  84)
+* collating elements:                    Bracket Expressions. (line  79)
+* collating symbols:                     Bracket Expressions. (line  86)
 * Colombo, Antonio <1>:                  Contributors.        (line 137)
 * Colombo, Antonio:                      Acknowledgments.     (line  60)
 * columns, aligning:                     Print Examples.      (line  70)
@@ -32058,7 +32044,7 @@ Index
 * effective group ID of gawk user:       Auto-set.            (line 133)
 * effective user ID of gawk user:        Auto-set.            (line 137)
 * egrep utility <1>:                     Egrep Program.       (line   6)
-* egrep utility:                         Bracket Expressions. (line  24)
+* egrep utility:                         Bracket Expressions. (line  26)
 * egrep.awk program:                     Egrep Program.       (line  54)
 * elements in arrays, assigning values:  Assigning Elements.  (line   6)
 * elements in arrays, deleting:          Delete.              (line   6)
@@ -32084,7 +32070,6 @@ Index
 * END pattern, and profiling:            Profiling.           (line  62)
 * END pattern, assert() user-defined function and: Assert Function.
                                                               (line  75)
-* END pattern, backslash continuation and: Egrep Program.     (line 223)
 * END pattern, Boolean patterns and:     Expression Patterns. (line  70)
 * END pattern, exit statement and:       Exit Statement.      (line  12)
 * END pattern, next/nextfile statements and <1>: Next Statement.
@@ -32096,8 +32081,8 @@ Index
 * ENDFILE pattern:                       BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.   (line   6)
 * ENDFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line  70)
 * endfile() user-defined function:       Filetrans Function.  (line  62)
-* endgrent() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line 213)
-* endgrent() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line 216)
+* endgrent() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line 212)
+* endgrent() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line 215)
 * endpwent() function (C library):       Passwd Functions.    (line 210)
 * endpwent() user-defined function:      Passwd Functions.    (line 213)
 * English, Steve:                        Advanced Features.   (line   6)
@@ -32110,7 +32095,7 @@ Index
 * equals sign (=), == operator <1>:      Precedence.          (line  65)
 * equals sign (=), == operator:          Comparison Operators.
                                                               (line  11)
-* EREs (Extended Regular Expressions):   Bracket Expressions. (line  24)
+* EREs (Extended Regular Expressions):   Bracket Expressions. (line  26)
 * ERRNO variable <1>:                    TCP/IP Networking.   (line  54)
 * ERRNO variable:                        Auto-set.            (line  74)
 * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.  (line  26)
@@ -32165,7 +32150,7 @@ Index
 * expressions, matching, See comparison expressions: Typing and Comparison.
                                                               (line   9)
 * expressions, selecting:                Conditional Exp.     (line   6)
-* Extended Regular Expressions (EREs):   Bracket Expressions. (line  24)
+* Extended Regular Expressions (EREs):   Bracket Expressions. (line  26)
 * extension API:                         Extension API Description.
                                                               (line   6)
 * extension API informational variables: Extension API Informational Variables.
@@ -32231,7 +32216,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * field separators, regular expressions as: Field Separators. (line  51)
 * field separators, See Also OFS:        Changing Fields.     (line  64)
-* field separators, spaces as:           Cut Program.         (line 109)
+* field separators, spaces as:           Cut Program.         (line 108)
 * fields <1>:                            Basic High Level.    (line  73)
 * fields <2>:                            Fields.              (line   6)
 * fields:                                Reading Files.       (line  14)
@@ -32428,7 +32413,7 @@ Index
 * gawk, bitwise operations in:           Bitwise Functions.   (line  39)
 * gawk, break statement in:              Break Statement.     (line  51)
 * gawk, built-in variables and:          Built-in Variables.  (line  14)
-* gawk, character classes and:           Bracket Expressions. (line  98)
+* gawk, character classes and:           Bracket Expressions. (line 100)
 * gawk, coding style in:                 Adding Code.         (line  39)
 * gawk, command-line options, and regular expressions: GNU Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line  70)
@@ -32479,7 +32464,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  13)
 * gawk, interpreter, adding code to:     Using Internal File Ops.
                                                               (line   6)
-* gawk, interval expressions and:        Regexp Operators.    (line 140)
+* gawk, interval expressions and:        Regexp Operators.    (line 141)
 * gawk, line continuation in:            Conditional Exp.     (line  34)
 * gawk, LINT variable in:                User-modified.       (line  88)
 * gawk, list of contributors to:         Contributors.        (line   6)
@@ -32497,7 +32482,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  26)
 * gawk, regular expressions, operators:  GNU Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line   6)
-* gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators.    (line 162)
+* gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators.    (line 163)
 * gawk, RT variable in <1>:              Auto-set.            (line 257)
 * gawk, RT variable in <2>:              Multiple Line.       (line 129)
 * gawk, RT variable in:                  awk split records.   (line 124)
@@ -32525,12 +32510,12 @@ Index
 * getaddrinfo() function (C library):    TCP/IP Networking.   (line  38)
 * getgrent() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line   6)
 * getgrent() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line   6)
-* getgrgid() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line 184)
-* getgrgid() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line 187)
-* getgrnam() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line 173)
-* getgrnam() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line 178)
-* getgruser() function (C library):      Group Functions.     (line 193)
-* getgruser() function, user-defined:    Group Functions.     (line 196)
+* getgrgid() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line 183)
+* getgrgid() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line 186)
+* getgrnam() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line 172)
+* getgrnam() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line 177)
+* getgruser() function (C library):      Group Functions.     (line 192)
+* getgruser() function, user-defined:    Group Functions.     (line 195)
 * getline command:                       Reading Files.       (line  20)
 * getline command, _gr_init() user-defined function: Group Functions.
                                                               (line  83)
@@ -32704,7 +32689,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  13)
 * internationalization, localization:    User-modified.       (line 152)
 * internationalization, localization, character classes: Bracket Expressions.
-                                                              (line  98)
+                                                              (line 100)
 * internationalization, localization, gawk and: Internationalization.
                                                               (line  13)
 * internationalization, localization, locale categories: Explaining gettext.
@@ -32716,7 +32701,7 @@ Index
 * internationalizing a program:          Explaining gettext.  (line   6)
 * interpreted programs <1>:              Glossary.            (line 356)
 * interpreted programs:                  Basic High Level.    (line  15)
-* interval expressions, regexp operator: Regexp Operators.    (line 117)
+* interval expressions, regexp operator: Regexp Operators.    (line 118)
 * inventory-shipped file:                Sample Data Files.   (line  32)
 * invoke shell command:                  I/O Functions.       (line  75)
 * isarray:                               Type Functions.      (line  11)
@@ -33074,7 +33059,7 @@ Index
 * Papadopoulos, Panos:                   Contributors.        (line 128)
 * parent process ID of gawk process:     Auto-set.            (line 181)
 * parentheses (), in a profile:          Profiling.           (line 146)
-* parentheses (), regexp operator:       Regexp Operators.    (line  80)
+* parentheses (), regexp operator:       Regexp Operators.    (line  81)
 * password file:                         Passwd Functions.    (line  16)
 * patsplit:                              String Functions.    (line 294)
 * patterns:                              Patterns and Actions.
@@ -33112,7 +33097,7 @@ Index
 * plus sign (+), ++ operator:            Increment Ops.       (line  11)
 * plus sign (+), += operator <1>:        Precedence.          (line  95)
 * plus sign (+), += operator:            Assignment Ops.      (line  82)
-* plus sign (+), regexp operator:        Regexp Operators.    (line 103)
+* plus sign (+), regexp operator:        Regexp Operators.    (line 104)
 * pointers to functions:                 Indirect Calls.      (line   6)
 * portability:                           Escape Sequences.    (line  98)
 * portability, #! (executable scripts):  Executable Scripts.  (line  33)
@@ -33162,9 +33147,9 @@ Index
 * POSIX awk, backslashes in string constants: Escape Sequences.
                                                               (line 116)
 * POSIX awk, BEGIN/END patterns:         I/O And BEGIN/END.   (line  16)
-* POSIX awk, bracket expressions and:    Bracket Expressions. (line  24)
+* POSIX awk, bracket expressions and:    Bracket Expressions. (line  26)
 * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and, character classes: Bracket Expressions.
-                                                              (line  30)
+                                                              (line  32)
 * POSIX awk, break statement and:        Break Statement.     (line  51)
 * POSIX awk, changes in awk versions:    POSIX.               (line   6)
 * POSIX awk, continue statement and:     Continue Statement.  (line  44)
@@ -33178,14 +33163,14 @@ Index
 * POSIX awk, functions and, gsub()/sub(): Gory Details.       (line  90)
 * POSIX awk, functions and, length():    String Functions.    (line 176)
 * POSIX awk, GNU long options and:       Options.             (line  15)
-* POSIX awk, interval expressions in:    Regexp Operators.    (line 136)
+* POSIX awk, interval expressions in:    Regexp Operators.    (line 137)
 * POSIX awk, next/nextfile statements and: Next Statement.    (line  45)
 * POSIX awk, numeric strings and:        Variable Typing.     (line   6)
 * POSIX awk, OFMT variable and <1>:      Strings And Numbers. (line  57)
 * POSIX awk, OFMT variable and:          OFMT.                (line  27)
 * POSIX awk, period (.), using:          Regexp Operators.    (line  51)
 * POSIX awk, printf format strings and:  Format Modifiers.    (line 159)
-* POSIX awk, regular expressions and:    Regexp Operators.    (line 162)
+* POSIX awk, regular expressions and:    Regexp Operators.    (line 163)
 * POSIX awk, timestamps and:             Time Functions.      (line   6)
 * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and:         Getline/Pipe.        (line  55)
 * POSIX mode:                            Options.             (line 254)
@@ -33196,7 +33181,7 @@ Index
 * PREC variable:                         User-modified.       (line 124)
 * precedence <1>:                        Precedence.          (line   6)
 * precedence:                            Increment Ops.       (line  60)
-* precedence, regexp operators:          Regexp Operators.    (line 157)
+* precedence, regexp operators:          Regexp Operators.    (line 158)
 * print debugger command:                Viewing And Changing Data.
                                                               (line  36)
 * print statement:                       Printing.            (line  16)
@@ -33283,7 +33268,7 @@ Index
 * question mark (?), ?: operator:        Precedence.          (line  92)
 * question mark (?), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line  59)
-* question mark (?), regexp operator:    Regexp Operators.    (line 112)
+* question mark (?), regexp operator:    Regexp Operators.    (line 113)
 * QuikTrim Awk:                          Other Versions.      (line 135)
 * quit debugger command:                 Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
                                                               (line  99)
@@ -33383,7 +33368,7 @@ Index
 * regular expressions, operators, gawk:  GNU Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line   6)
 * regular expressions, operators, precedence of: Regexp Operators.
-                                                              (line 157)
+                                                              (line 158)
 * regular expressions, searching for:    Egrep Program.       (line   6)
 * relational operators, See comparison operators: Typing and Comparison.
                                                               (line   9)
@@ -33593,7 +33578,7 @@ Index
 * single-step execution, in the debugger: Debugger Execution Control.
                                                               (line  43)
 * Skywalker, Luke:                       Undocumented.        (line   6)
-* sleep utility:                         Alarm Program.       (line 111)
+* sleep utility:                         Alarm Program.       (line 110)
 * sleep() extension function:            Extension Sample Time.
                                                               (line  22)
 * Solaris, POSIX-compliant awk:          Other Versions.      (line  96)
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+Node: Include Files141477
+Node: Loading Shared Libraries145055
+Node: Obsolete146439
+Node: Undocumented147136
+Node: Invoking Summary147403
+Node: Regexp149003
+Node: Regexp Usage150462
+Node: Escape Sequences152495
+Node: Regexp Operators158312
+Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1165830
+Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2165977
+Node: Bracket Expressions166075
+Ref: table-char-classes168097
+Node: GNU Regexp Operators171037
+Node: Case-sensitivity174746
+Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1177638
+Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2177873
+Node: Leftmost Longest177981
+Node: Computed Regexps179182
+Node: Regexp Summary182554
+Node: Reading Files184023
+Node: Records186115
+Node: awk split records186837
+Node: gawk split records191695
+Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1196216
+Node: Fields196253
+Ref: Fields-Footnote-1199217
+Node: Nonconstant Fields199303
+Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1201533
+Node: Changing Fields201735
+Node: Field Separators207689
+Node: Default Field Splitting210391
+Node: Regexp Field Splitting211508
+Node: Single Character Fields214835
+Node: Command Line Field Separator215894
+Node: Full Line Fields219320
+Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1219828
+Node: Field Splitting Summary219874
+Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1223006
+Node: Constant Size223107
+Node: Splitting By Content227713
+Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1231786
+Node: Multiple Line231826
+Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1237682
+Node: Getline237861
+Node: Plain Getline240072
+Node: Getline/Variable242167
+Node: Getline/File243314
+Node: Getline/Variable/File244698
+Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1246297
+Node: Getline/Pipe246384
+Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe249070
+Node: Getline/Coprocess250177
+Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess251429
+Node: Getline Notes252166
+Node: Getline Summary254970
+Ref: table-getline-variants255378
+Node: Read Timeout256290
+Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1260117
+Node: Command-line directories260175
+Node: Input Summary261079
+Node: Input Exercises264216
+Node: Printing264949
+Node: Print266671
+Node: Print Examples268164
+Node: Output Separators270943
+Node: OFMT272959
+Node: Printf274317
+Node: Basic Printf275223
+Node: Control Letters276762
+Node: Format Modifiers280753
+Node: Printf Examples286780
+Node: Redirection289244
+Node: Special Files296216
+Node: Special FD296749
+Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1300346
+Node: Special Network300420
+Node: Special Caveats301270
+Node: Close Files And Pipes302066
+Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1309227
+Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2309375
+Node: Output Summary309525
+Node: Output exercises310522
+Node: Expressions311202
+Node: Values312387
+Node: Constants313063
+Node: Scalar Constants313743
+Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1314602
+Node: Nondecimal-numbers314852
+Node: Regexp Constants317852
+Node: Using Constant Regexps318327
+Node: Variables321399
+Node: Using Variables322054
+Node: Assignment Options323778
+Node: Conversion325653
+Node: Strings And Numbers326177
+Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1329239
+Node: Locale influences conversions329348
+Ref: table-locale-affects332065
+Node: All Operators332653
+Node: Arithmetic Ops333283
+Node: Concatenation335788
+Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1338607
+Node: Assignment Ops338713
+Ref: table-assign-ops343696
+Node: Increment Ops344999
+Node: Truth Values and Conditions348437
+Node: Truth Values349520
+Node: Typing and Comparison350569
+Node: Variable Typing351362
+Node: Comparison Operators355014
+Ref: table-relational-ops355424
+Node: POSIX String Comparison358974
+Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1360058
+Node: Boolean Ops360196
+Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1364271
+Node: Conditional Exp364362
+Node: Function Calls366089
+Node: Precedence369969
+Node: Locales373638
+Node: Expressions Summary375269
+Node: Patterns and Actions377810
+Node: Pattern Overview378926
+Node: Regexp Patterns380603
+Node: Expression Patterns381146
+Node: Ranges384926
+Node: BEGIN/END388032
+Node: Using BEGIN/END388794
+Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1391530
+Node: I/O And BEGIN/END391636
+Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE393907
+Node: Empty396838
+Node: Using Shell Variables397155
+Node: Action Overview399438
+Node: Statements401765
+Node: If Statement403613
+Node: While Statement405111
+Node: Do Statement407155
+Node: For Statement408311
+Node: Switch Statement411463
+Node: Break Statement413851
+Node: Continue Statement415892
+Node: Next Statement417717
+Node: Nextfile Statement420107
+Node: Exit Statement422743
+Node: Built-in Variables425147
+Node: User-modified426274
+Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1433963
+Node: Auto-set434025
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1446607
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2446812
+Node: ARGC and ARGV446868
+Node: Pattern Action Summary450772
+Node: Arrays452995
+Node: Array Basics454544
+Node: Array Intro455370
+Ref: figure-array-elements457343
+Node: Reference to Elements459750
+Node: Assigning Elements462200
+Node: Array Example462691
+Node: Scanning an Array464423
+Node: Controlling Scanning467424
+Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1472597
+Node: Delete472913
+Ref: Delete-Footnote-1475664
+Node: Numeric Array Subscripts475721
+Node: Uninitialized Subscripts477904
+Node: Multidimensional479529
+Node: Multiscanning482642
+Node: Arrays of Arrays484231
+Node: Arrays Summary488894
+Node: Functions490999
+Node: Built-in491872
+Node: Calling Built-in492950
+Node: Numeric Functions494938
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1498972
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2499329
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3499377
+Node: String Functions499646
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1522643
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2522772
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3523020
+Node: Gory Details523107
+Ref: table-sub-escapes524880
+Ref: table-sub-proposed526400
+Ref: table-posix-sub527764
+Ref: table-gensub-escapes529304
+Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1530480
+Node: I/O Functions530631
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1537741
+Node: Time Functions537888
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1548352
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2548420
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3548578
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4548689
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5548801
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6549028
+Node: Bitwise Functions549294
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops549856
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1554101
+Node: Type Functions554285
+Node: I18N Functions555427
+Node: User-defined557072
+Node: Definition Syntax557876
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1563055
+Node: Function Example563124
+Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1565764
+Node: Function Caveats565786
+Node: Calling A Function566304
+Node: Variable Scope567259
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference570247
+Node: Return Statement573757
+Node: Dynamic Typing576741
+Node: Indirect Calls577670
+Node: Functions Summary587383
+Node: Library Functions589922
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1593540
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2593683
+Node: Library Names593854
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1597327
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2597547
+Node: General Functions597633
+Node: Strtonum Function598661
+Node: Assert Function601441
+Node: Round Function604767
+Node: Cliff Random Function606308
+Node: Ordinal Functions607324
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1610389
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2610641
+Node: Join Function610852
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1612623
+Node: Getlocaltime Function612823
+Node: Readfile Function616559
+Node: Data File Management618398
+Node: Filetrans Function619030
+Node: Rewind Function623099
+Node: File Checking624657
+Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1625789
+Node: Empty Files625990
+Node: Ignoring Assigns627969
+Node: Getopt Function629523
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1640826
+Node: Passwd Functions641029
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1650008
+Node: Group Functions650096
+Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1658027
+Node: Walking Arrays658240
+Node: Library Functions Summary659843
+Node: Library exercises661231
+Node: Sample Programs662511
+Node: Running Examples663281
+Node: Clones664009
+Node: Cut Program665233
+Node: Egrep Program675091
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1682678
+Node: Id Program682788
+Node: Split Program686442
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1689980
+Node: Tee Program690108
+Node: Uniq Program692895
+Node: Wc Program700316
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1704581
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs704673
+Node: Dupword Program705886
+Node: Alarm Program707917
+Node: Translate Program712721
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1717112
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2717382
+Node: Labels Program717516
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1720877
+Node: Word Sorting720961
+Node: History Sorting725004
+Node: Extract Program726840
+Node: Simple Sed734376
+Node: Igawk Program737438
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1751742
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2751943
+Node: Anagram Program752081
+Node: Signature Program755149
+Node: Programs Summary756396
+Node: Programs Exercises757611
+Node: Advanced Features761262
+Node: Nondecimal Data763210
+Node: Array Sorting764787
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal765484
+Node: Array Sorting Functions773764
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1777671
+Node: Two-way I/O777865
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1782809
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2782988
+Node: TCP/IP Networking783070
+Node: Profiling785915
+Node: Advanced Features Summary793457
+Node: Internationalization795321
+Node: I18N and L10N796801
+Node: Explaining gettext797487
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1802513
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2802697
+Node: Programmer i18n802862
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1807656
+Node: Translator i18n807705
+Node: String Extraction808499
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1809632
+Node: Printf Ordering809718
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1812500
+Node: I18N Portability812564
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1815013
+Node: I18N Example815076
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1817782
+Node: Gawk I18N817854
+Node: I18N Summary818492
+Node: Debugger819831
+Node: Debugging820853
+Node: Debugging Concepts821294
+Node: Debugging Terms823150
+Node: Awk Debugging825747
+Node: Sample Debugging Session826639
+Node: Debugger Invocation827159
+Node: Finding The Bug828492
+Node: List of Debugger Commands834974
+Node: Breakpoint Control836306
+Node: Debugger Execution Control839970
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data843330
+Node: Execution Stack846688
+Node: Debugger Info848201
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands852195
+Node: Readline Support857379
+Node: Limitations858271
+Node: Debugging Summary860545
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic861713
+Node: Computer Arithmetic863200
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1867587
+Node: Math Definitions867644
+Ref: table-ieee-formats870933
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1871473
+Node: MPFR features871576
+Node: FP Math Caution873193
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1874243
+Node: Inexactness of computations874612
+Node: Inexact representation875560
+Node: Comparing FP Values876915
+Node: Errors accumulate877879
+Node: Getting Accuracy879312
+Node: Try To Round881971
+Node: Setting precision882870
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings883552
+Node: Setting the rounding mode885345
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes885709
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1889163
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers889342
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1892323
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems892472
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1896348
+Node: Floating point summary896386
+Node: Dynamic Extensions898590
+Node: Extension Intro900142
+Node: Plugin License901407
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline902092
+Ref: figure-load-extension902516
+Ref: figure-load-new-function904001
+Ref: figure-call-new-function905003
+Node: Extension API Description906987
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction908437
+Node: General Data Types913304
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1918997
+Node: Requesting Values919296
+Ref: table-value-types-returned920033
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions920991
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1923738
+Node: Constructor Functions923834
+Node: Registration Functions925592
+Node: Extension Functions926277
+Node: Exit Callback Functions928579
+Node: Extension Version String929827
+Node: Input Parsers930477
+Node: Output Wrappers940291
+Node: Two-way processors944807
+Node: Printing Messages947011
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1948088
+Node: Updating `ERRNO'948240
+Node: Accessing Parameters948979
+Node: Symbol Table Access950209
+Node: Symbol table by name950723
+Node: Symbol table by cookie952699
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1956832
+Node: Cached values956895
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1960399
+Node: Array Manipulation960490
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1961588
+Node: Array Data Types961627
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1964330
+Node: Array Functions964422
+Node: Flattening Arrays968296
+Node: Creating Arrays975148
+Node: Extension API Variables979879
+Node: Extension Versioning980515
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables982416
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate983502
+Node: Finding Extensions987306
+Node: Extension Example987866
+Node: Internal File Description988596
+Node: Internal File Ops992687
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11004119
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1004259
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11006606
+Node: Extension Samples1006874
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1008398
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1015966
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1017448
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1018661
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1020336
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1021172
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1022028
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1022827
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1023418
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1024159
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1026038
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1027138
+Node: Extension Sample Time1027663
+Node: gawkextlib1028978
+Node: Extension summary1031791
+Node: Extension Exercises1035484
+Node: Language History1036206
+Node: V7/SVR3.11037849
+Node: SVR41040169
+Node: POSIX1041611
+Node: BTL1042997
+Node: POSIX/GNU1043731
+Node: Feature History1049447
+Node: Common Extensions1062538
+Node: Ranges and Locales1063850
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11068467
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21068494
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31068728
+Node: Contributors1068949
+Node: History summary1074374
+Node: Installation1075743
+Node: Gawk Distribution1076694
+Node: Getting1077178
+Node: Extracting1078002
+Node: Distribution contents1079644
+Node: Unix Installation1085361
+Node: Quick Installation1085978
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1088420
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1090158
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1092509
+Node: PC Installation1092967
+Node: PC Binary Installation1094278
+Node: PC Compiling1096126
+Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11099125
+Node: PC Testing1099230
+Node: PC Using1100406
+Node: Cygwin1104558
+Node: MSYS1105367
+Node: VMS Installation1105881
+Node: VMS Compilation1106677
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11107899
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1107957
+Node: VMS Installation Details1109330
+Node: VMS Running1111582
+Node: VMS GNV1114416
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1115139
+Node: Bugs1115609
+Node: Other Versions1119613
+Node: Installation summary1125840
+Node: Notes1126896
+Node: Compatibility Mode1127761
+Node: Additions1128543
+Node: Accessing The Source1129468
+Node: Adding Code1130904
+Node: New Ports1137082
+Node: Derived Files1141563
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11146644
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21146678
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31147274
+Node: Future Extensions1147388
+Node: Implementation Limitations1147994
+Node: Extension Design1149242
+Node: Old Extension Problems1150396
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11151913
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1151970
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11155330
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1155519
+Node: Extension Future Growth1157625
+Node: Old Extension Mechanism1158461
+Node: Notes summary1160223
+Node: Basic Concepts1161409
+Node: Basic High Level1162090
+Ref: figure-general-flow1162362
+Ref: figure-process-flow1162961
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11166190
+Node: Basic Data Typing1166375
+Node: Glossary1169703
+Node: Copying1194855
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1232411
+Node: Index1257547
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 86a0c4c2..deda30b7 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -3415,9 +3415,7 @@ eight-bit microprocessors,
 and a microcode assembler for a special-purpose Prolog
 computer.
 While the original @command{awk}'s capabilities were strained by tasks
-of such complexity, modern versions are more capable.  Even BWK @command{awk}
-has fewer predefined limits, and those
-that it has are much larger than they used to be.
+of such complexity, modern versions are more capable.
 
 @cindex @command{awk} programs, complex
 If you find yourself writing @command{awk} scripts of more than, say,
@@ -3431,11 +3429,16 @@ and Perl.}
 @node Intro Summary
 @section Summary
 
+@c FIXME: Review this chapter for summary of builtin functions called.
 @itemize @value{BULLET}
 @item
 Programs in @command{awk} consist of @var{pattern}-@var{action} pairs.
 
 @item
+An @var{action} without a @var{pattern} always runs.  The default
+@var{action} for a pattern without one is @samp{@{ print $0 @}}.
+
+@item
 Use either
 @samp{awk '@var{program}' @var{files}}
 or
@@ -4731,7 +4734,7 @@ The simplest regular expression is a sequence of letters, numbers, or
 both.  Such a regexp matches any string that contains that sequence.
 Thus, the regexp @samp{foo} matches any string containing @samp{foo}.
 Therefore, the pattern @code{/foo/} matches any input record containing
-the three characters @samp{foo} @emph{anywhere} in the record.  Other
+the three adjacent characters @samp{foo} @emph{anywhere} in the record.  Other
 kinds of regexps let you specify more complicated classes of strings.
 
 @ifnotinfo
@@ -5257,12 +5260,11 @@ or @samp{k}.
 @cindex vertical bar (@code{|})
 @item @code{|}
 This is the @dfn{alternation operator} and it is used to specify
-alternatives.
-The @samp{|} has the lowest precedence of all the regular
-expression operators.
-For example, @samp{^P|[[:digit:]]}
-matches any string that matches either @samp{^P} or @samp{[[:digit:]]}.  This
-means it matches any string that starts with @samp{P} or contains a digit.
+alternatives.  The @samp{|} has the lowest precedence of all the regular
+expression operators.  For example, @samp{^P|[aeiouy]} matches any string
+that matches either @samp{^P} or @samp{[aeiouy]}.  This means it matches
+any string that starts with @samp{P} or contains (anywhere within it)
+a lowercase English vowel.
 
 The alternation applies to the largest possible regexps on either side.
 
@@ -5421,6 +5423,9 @@ bracket expression, put a @samp{\} in front of it.  For example:
 
 @noindent
 matches either @samp{d} or @samp{]}.
+Additionally, if you place @samp{]} right after the opening
+@samp{[}, the closing bracket is treated as one of the
+characters to be matched.
 
 @cindex POSIX @command{awk}, bracket expressions and
 @cindex Extended Regular Expressions (EREs)
@@ -6045,7 +6050,7 @@ the match, such as for text substitution and when the record separator
 is a regexp.
 
 @item
-Matching expressions may use dynamic regexps; that is, string values
+Matching expressions may use dynamic regexps, that is, string values
 treated as regular expressions.
 
 @end itemize
@@ -6112,16 +6117,13 @@ used with it do not have to be named on the @command{awk} command line
 @cindex records, splitting input into
 @cindex @code{NR} variable
 @cindex @code{FNR} variable
-The @command{awk} utility divides the input for your @command{awk}
-program into records and fields.
-@command{awk} keeps track of the number of records that have
-been read
-so far
-from the current input file.  This value is stored in a
-built-in variable called @code{FNR}.  It is reset to zero when a new
-file is started.  Another built-in variable, @code{NR}, records the total
-number of input records read so far from all @value{DF}s.  It starts at zero,
-but is never automatically reset to zero.
+@command{awk} divides the input for your program into records and fields.
+It keeps track of the number of records that have been read so far from
+the current input file.  This value is stored in a built-in variable
+called @code{FNR} which is reset to zero when a new file is started.
+Another built-in variable, @code{NR}, records the total number of input
+records read so far from all @value{DF}s.  It starts at zero, but is
+never automatically reset to zero.
 
 @menu
 * awk split records::           How standard @command{awk} splits records.
@@ -7910,7 +7912,7 @@ and have a good knowledge of how @command{awk} works.
 @cindex @code{getline} command, return values
 @cindex @option{--sandbox} option, input redirection with @code{getline}
 
-The @code{getline} command returns one if it finds a record and zero if
+The @code{getline} command returns 1 if it finds a record and 0 if
 it encounters the end of the file.  If there is some error in getting
 a record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then @code{getline}
 returns @minus{}1.  In this case, @command{gawk} sets the variable
@@ -12264,7 +12266,7 @@ is ``short-circuited'' if the result can be determined part way through
 its evaluation.
 
 @cindex line continuations
-Statements that use @samp{&&} or @samp{||} can be continued simply
+Statements that end with @samp{&&} or @samp{||} can be continued simply
 by putting a newline after them.  But you cannot put a newline in front
 of either of these operators without using backslash continuation
 (@pxref{Statements/Lines}).
@@ -12923,7 +12925,7 @@ Contrast this with the following regular expression match, which
 accepts any record with a first field that contains @samp{li}:
 
 @example
-$ @kbd{awk '$1 ~ /foo/ @{ print $2 @}' mail-list}
+$ @kbd{awk '$1 ~ /li/ @{ print $2 @}' mail-list}
 @print{} 555-5553
 @print{} 555-6699
 @end example
@@ -15551,6 +15553,8 @@ This expression tests whether the particular index @var{indx} exists,
 without the side effect of creating that element if it is not present.
 The expression has the value one (true) if @code{@var{array}[@var{indx}]}
 exists and zero (false) if it does not exist.
+(We use @var{indx} here, since @samp{index} is the name of a built-in
+function.)
 For example, this statement tests whether the array @code{frequencies}
 contains the index @samp{2}:
 
@@ -20813,8 +20817,7 @@ function chr(c)
 @c endfile
 
 #### test code ####
-# BEGIN    \
-# @{
+# BEGIN @{
 #    for (;;) @{
 #        printf("enter a character: ")
 #        if (getline var <= 0)
@@ -22371,8 +22374,7 @@ There are several, modeled after the C library functions of the same names:
 @c line break on _gr_init for smallbook
 @c file eg/lib/groupawk.in
 
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     # Change to suit your system
     _gr_awklib = "/usr/local/libexec/awk/"
 @}
@@ -22949,8 +22951,7 @@ string:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/prog/cut.awk
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     FS = "\t"    # default
     OFS = FS
     while ((c = getopt(ARGC, ARGV, "sf:c:d:")) != -1) @{
@@ -23425,8 +23426,7 @@ there are no matches, the exit status is one; otherwise it is zero:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/prog/egrep.awk
-END    \
-@{
+END @{
     exit (total == 0)
 @}
 @c endfile
@@ -23450,17 +23450,6 @@ function usage(    e)
 The variable @code{e} is used so that the function fits nicely
 on the printed page.
 
-@cindex @code{END} pattern, backslash continuation and
-@cindex @code{\} (backslash), continuing lines and
-@cindex backslash (@code{\}), continuing lines and
-Just a note on programming style: you may have noticed that the @code{END}
-rule uses backslash continuation, with the open brace on a line by
-itself.  This is so that it more closely resembles the way functions
-are written.  Many of the examples
-in this @value{CHAPTER}
-use this style. You can decide for yourself if you like writing
-your @code{BEGIN} and @code{END} rules this way
-or not.
 @c ENDOFRANGE regexps
 @c ENDOFRANGE sfregexp
 @c ENDOFRANGE fsregexp
@@ -23527,8 +23516,7 @@ numbers:
 #             egid=5(blat) groups=9(nine),2(two),1(one)
 
 @group
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     uid = PROCINFO["uid"]
     euid = PROCINFO["euid"]
     gid = PROCINFO["gid"]
@@ -23798,8 +23786,7 @@ Finally, @command{awk} is forced to read the standard input by setting
 @c endfile
 @end ignore
 @c file eg/prog/tee.awk
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++)
         copy[i] = ARGV[i]
 
@@ -23861,8 +23848,7 @@ Finally, the @code{END} rule cleans up by closing all the output files:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/prog/tee.awk
-END    \
-@{
+END @{
     for (i in copy)
         close(copy[i])
 @}
@@ -23979,8 +23965,7 @@ function usage(    e)
 # -n    skip n fields
 # +n    skip n characters, skip fields first
 
-BEGIN   \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     count = 1
     outputfile = "/dev/stdout"
     opts = "udc0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9:"
@@ -24499,8 +24484,7 @@ Here is the program:
 @c file eg/prog/alarm.awk
 # usage: alarm time [ "message" [ count [ delay ] ] ]
 
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     # Initial argument sanity checking
     usage1 = "usage: alarm time ['message' [count [delay]]]"
     usage2 = sprintf("\t(%s) time ::= hh:mm", ARGV[1])
@@ -24895,8 +24879,7 @@ function printpage(    i, j)
     Count++
 @}
 
-END    \
-@{
+END @{
     printpage()
 @}
 @c endfile
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 9eccea7b..efd9e05b 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -3343,9 +3343,7 @@ eight-bit microprocessors,
 and a microcode assembler for a special-purpose Prolog
 computer.
 While the original @command{awk}'s capabilities were strained by tasks
-of such complexity, modern versions are more capable.  Even BWK @command{awk}
-has fewer predefined limits, and those
-that it has are much larger than they used to be.
+of such complexity, modern versions are more capable.
 
 @cindex @command{awk} programs, complex
 If you find yourself writing @command{awk} scripts of more than, say,
@@ -3359,11 +3357,16 @@ and Perl.}
 @node Intro Summary
 @section Summary
 
+@c FIXME: Review this chapter for summary of builtin functions called.
 @itemize @value{BULLET}
 @item
 Programs in @command{awk} consist of @var{pattern}-@var{action} pairs.
 
 @item
+An @var{action} without a @var{pattern} always runs.  The default
+@var{action} for a pattern without one is @samp{@{ print $0 @}}.
+
+@item
 Use either
 @samp{awk '@var{program}' @var{files}}
 or
@@ -4659,7 +4662,7 @@ The simplest regular expression is a sequence of letters, numbers, or
 both.  Such a regexp matches any string that contains that sequence.
 Thus, the regexp @samp{foo} matches any string containing @samp{foo}.
 Therefore, the pattern @code{/foo/} matches any input record containing
-the three characters @samp{foo} @emph{anywhere} in the record.  Other
+the three adjacent characters @samp{foo} @emph{anywhere} in the record.  Other
 kinds of regexps let you specify more complicated classes of strings.
 
 @ifnotinfo
@@ -5102,12 +5105,11 @@ or @samp{k}.
 @cindex vertical bar (@code{|})
 @item @code{|}
 This is the @dfn{alternation operator} and it is used to specify
-alternatives.
-The @samp{|} has the lowest precedence of all the regular
-expression operators.
-For example, @samp{^P|[[:digit:]]}
-matches any string that matches either @samp{^P} or @samp{[[:digit:]]}.  This
-means it matches any string that starts with @samp{P} or contains a digit.
+alternatives.  The @samp{|} has the lowest precedence of all the regular
+expression operators.  For example, @samp{^P|[aeiouy]} matches any string
+that matches either @samp{^P} or @samp{[aeiouy]}.  This means it matches
+any string that starts with @samp{P} or contains (anywhere within it)
+a lowercase English vowel.
 
 The alternation applies to the largest possible regexps on either side.
 
@@ -5266,6 +5268,9 @@ bracket expression, put a @samp{\} in front of it.  For example:
 
 @noindent
 matches either @samp{d} or @samp{]}.
+Additionally, if you place @samp{]} right after the opening
+@samp{[}, the closing bracket is treated as one of the
+characters to be matched.
 
 @cindex POSIX @command{awk}, bracket expressions and
 @cindex Extended Regular Expressions (EREs)
@@ -5846,7 +5851,7 @@ the match, such as for text substitution and when the record separator
 is a regexp.
 
 @item
-Matching expressions may use dynamic regexps; that is, string values
+Matching expressions may use dynamic regexps, that is, string values
 treated as regular expressions.
 
 @end itemize
@@ -5913,16 +5918,13 @@ used with it do not have to be named on the @command{awk} command line
 @cindex records, splitting input into
 @cindex @code{NR} variable
 @cindex @code{FNR} variable
-The @command{awk} utility divides the input for your @command{awk}
-program into records and fields.
-@command{awk} keeps track of the number of records that have
-been read
-so far
-from the current input file.  This value is stored in a
-built-in variable called @code{FNR}.  It is reset to zero when a new
-file is started.  Another built-in variable, @code{NR}, records the total
-number of input records read so far from all @value{DF}s.  It starts at zero,
-but is never automatically reset to zero.
+@command{awk} divides the input for your program into records and fields.
+It keeps track of the number of records that have been read so far from
+the current input file.  This value is stored in a built-in variable
+called @code{FNR} which is reset to zero when a new file is started.
+Another built-in variable, @code{NR}, records the total number of input
+records read so far from all @value{DF}s.  It starts at zero, but is
+never automatically reset to zero.
 
 @menu
 * awk split records::           How standard @command{awk} splits records.
@@ -7529,7 +7531,7 @@ and have a good knowledge of how @command{awk} works.
 @cindex @code{getline} command, return values
 @cindex @option{--sandbox} option, input redirection with @code{getline}
 
-The @code{getline} command returns one if it finds a record and zero if
+The @code{getline} command returns 1 if it finds a record and 0 if
 it encounters the end of the file.  If there is some error in getting
 a record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then @code{getline}
 returns @minus{}1.  In this case, @command{gawk} sets the variable
@@ -11615,7 +11617,7 @@ is ``short-circuited'' if the result can be determined part way through
 its evaluation.
 
 @cindex line continuations
-Statements that use @samp{&&} or @samp{||} can be continued simply
+Statements that end with @samp{&&} or @samp{||} can be continued simply
 by putting a newline after them.  But you cannot put a newline in front
 of either of these operators without using backslash continuation
 (@pxref{Statements/Lines}).
@@ -12274,7 +12276,7 @@ Contrast this with the following regular expression match, which
 accepts any record with a first field that contains @samp{li}:
 
 @example
-$ @kbd{awk '$1 ~ /foo/ @{ print $2 @}' mail-list}
+$ @kbd{awk '$1 ~ /li/ @{ print $2 @}' mail-list}
 @print{} 555-5553
 @print{} 555-6699
 @end example
@@ -14856,6 +14858,8 @@ This expression tests whether the particular index @var{indx} exists,
 without the side effect of creating that element if it is not present.
 The expression has the value one (true) if @code{@var{array}[@var{indx}]}
 exists and zero (false) if it does not exist.
+(We use @var{indx} here, since @samp{index} is the name of a built-in
+function.)
 For example, this statement tests whether the array @code{frequencies}
 contains the index @samp{2}:
 
@@ -19957,8 +19961,7 @@ function chr(c)
 @c endfile
 
 #### test code ####
-# BEGIN    \
-# @{
+# BEGIN @{
 #    for (;;) @{
 #        printf("enter a character: ")
 #        if (getline var <= 0)
@@ -21486,8 +21489,7 @@ There are several, modeled after the C library functions of the same names:
 @c line break on _gr_init for smallbook
 @c file eg/lib/groupawk.in
 
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     # Change to suit your system
     _gr_awklib = "/usr/local/libexec/awk/"
 @}
@@ -22064,8 +22066,7 @@ string:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/prog/cut.awk
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     FS = "\t"    # default
     OFS = FS
     while ((c = getopt(ARGC, ARGV, "sf:c:d:")) != -1) @{
@@ -22540,8 +22541,7 @@ there are no matches, the exit status is one; otherwise it is zero:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/prog/egrep.awk
-END    \
-@{
+END @{
     exit (total == 0)
 @}
 @c endfile
@@ -22565,17 +22565,6 @@ function usage(    e)
 The variable @code{e} is used so that the function fits nicely
 on the printed page.
 
-@cindex @code{END} pattern, backslash continuation and
-@cindex @code{\} (backslash), continuing lines and
-@cindex backslash (@code{\}), continuing lines and
-Just a note on programming style: you may have noticed that the @code{END}
-rule uses backslash continuation, with the open brace on a line by
-itself.  This is so that it more closely resembles the way functions
-are written.  Many of the examples
-in this @value{CHAPTER}
-use this style. You can decide for yourself if you like writing
-your @code{BEGIN} and @code{END} rules this way
-or not.
 @c ENDOFRANGE regexps
 @c ENDOFRANGE sfregexp
 @c ENDOFRANGE fsregexp
@@ -22642,8 +22631,7 @@ numbers:
 #             egid=5(blat) groups=9(nine),2(two),1(one)
 
 @group
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     uid = PROCINFO["uid"]
     euid = PROCINFO["euid"]
     gid = PROCINFO["gid"]
@@ -22913,8 +22901,7 @@ Finally, @command{awk} is forced to read the standard input by setting
 @c endfile
 @end ignore
 @c file eg/prog/tee.awk
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++)
         copy[i] = ARGV[i]
 
@@ -22976,8 +22963,7 @@ Finally, the @code{END} rule cleans up by closing all the output files:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/prog/tee.awk
-END    \
-@{
+END @{
     for (i in copy)
         close(copy[i])
 @}
@@ -23094,8 +23080,7 @@ function usage(    e)
 # -n    skip n fields
 # +n    skip n characters, skip fields first
 
-BEGIN   \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     count = 1
     outputfile = "/dev/stdout"
     opts = "udc0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9:"
@@ -23614,8 +23599,7 @@ Here is the program:
 @c file eg/prog/alarm.awk
 # usage: alarm time [ "message" [ count [ delay ] ] ]
 
-BEGIN    \
-@{
+BEGIN @{
     # Initial argument sanity checking
     usage1 = "usage: alarm time ['message' [count [delay]]]"
     usage2 = sprintf("\t(%s) time ::= hh:mm", ARGV[1])
@@ -24010,8 +23994,7 @@ function printpage(    i, j)
     Count++
 @}
 
-END    \
-@{
+END @{
     printpage()
 @}
 @c endfile