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diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi index 76d0c546..1ca68804 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.texi +++ b/doc/gawk.texi @@ -35206,81 +35206,81 @@ cross-references to further details: @itemize @value{BULLET} @item The requirement for @samp{;} to separate rules on a line -(@pxref{Statements/Lines}). +(@pxref{Statements/Lines}) @item User-defined functions and the @code{return} statement -(@pxref{User-defined}). +(@pxref{User-defined}) @item The @code{delete} statement (@pxref{Delete}). @item The @code{do}-@code{while} statement -(@pxref{Do Statement}). +(@pxref{Do Statement}) @item The built-in functions @code{atan2()}, @code{cos()}, @code{sin()}, @code{rand()}, and -@code{srand()} (@pxref{Numeric Functions}). +@code{srand()} (@pxref{Numeric Functions}) @item The built-in functions @code{gsub()}, @code{sub()}, and @code{match()} -(@pxref{String Functions}). +(@pxref{String Functions}) @item The built-in functions @code{close()} and @code{system()} -(@pxref{I/O Functions}). +(@pxref{I/O Functions}) @item The @code{ARGC}, @code{ARGV}, @code{FNR}, @code{RLENGTH}, @code{RSTART}, -and @code{SUBSEP} predefined variables (@pxref{Built-in Variables}). +and @code{SUBSEP} predefined variables (@pxref{Built-in Variables}) @item -Assignable @code{$0} (@pxref{Changing Fields}). +Assignable @code{$0} (@pxref{Changing Fields}) @item The conditional expression using the ternary operator @samp{?:} -(@pxref{Conditional Exp}). +(@pxref{Conditional Exp}) @item -The expression @samp{@var{index-variable} in @var{array}} outside of @code{for} -statements (@pxref{Reference to Elements}). +The expression @samp{@var{indx} in @var{array}} outside of @code{for} +statements (@pxref{Reference to Elements}) @item The exponentiation operator @samp{^} (@pxref{Arithmetic Ops}) and its assignment operator -form @samp{^=} (@pxref{Assignment Ops}). +form @samp{^=} (@pxref{Assignment Ops}) @item C-compatible operator precedence, which breaks some old @command{awk} -programs (@pxref{Precedence}). +programs (@pxref{Precedence}) @item Regexps as the value of @code{FS} (@pxref{Field Separators}) and as the third argument to the @code{split()} function (@pxref{String Functions}), rather than using only the first character -of @code{FS}. +of @code{FS} @item Dynamic regexps as operands of the @samp{~} and @samp{!~} operators -(@pxref{Computed Regexps}). +(@pxref{Computed Regexps}) @item The escape sequences @samp{\b}, @samp{\f}, and @samp{\r} -(@pxref{Escape Sequences}). +(@pxref{Escape Sequences}) @item Redirection of input for the @code{getline} function -(@pxref{Getline}). +(@pxref{Getline}) @item Multiple @code{BEGIN} and @code{END} rules -(@pxref{BEGIN/END}). +(@pxref{BEGIN/END}) @item Multidimensional arrays -(@pxref{Multidimensional}). +(@pxref{Multidimensional}) @end itemize @node SVR4 @@ -35292,54 +35292,54 @@ The System V Release 4 (1989) version of Unix @command{awk} added these features @itemize @value{BULLET} @item -The @code{ENVIRON} array (@pxref{Built-in Variables}). +The @code{ENVIRON} array (@pxref{Built-in Variables}) @c gawk and MKS awk @item Multiple @option{-f} options on the command line -(@pxref{Options}). +(@pxref{Options}) @c MKS awk @item The @option{-v} option for assigning variables before program execution begins -(@pxref{Options}). +(@pxref{Options}) @c GNU, Bell Laboratories & MKS together @item -The @option{--} signal for terminating command-line options. +The @option{--} signal for terminating command-line options @item The @samp{\a}, @samp{\v}, and @samp{\x} escape sequences -(@pxref{Escape Sequences}). +(@pxref{Escape Sequences}) @c GNU, for ANSI C compat @item A defined return value for the @code{srand()} built-in function -(@pxref{Numeric Functions}). +(@pxref{Numeric Functions}) @item The @code{toupper()} and @code{tolower()} built-in string functions for case translation -(@pxref{String Functions}). +(@pxref{String Functions}) @item A cleaner specification for the @samp{%c} format-control letter in the @code{printf} function -(@pxref{Control Letters}). +(@pxref{Control Letters}) @item The ability to dynamically pass the field width and precision (@code{"%*.*d"}) in the argument list of @code{printf} and @code{sprintf()} -(@pxref{Control Letters}). +(@pxref{Control Letters}) @item The use of regexp constants, such as @code{/foo/}, as expressions, where they are equivalent to using the matching operator, as in @samp{$0 ~ /foo/} -(@pxref{Using Constant Regexps}). +(@pxref{Using Constant Regexps}) @item Processing of escape sequences inside command-line variable assignments -(@pxref{Assignment Options}). +(@pxref{Assignment Options}) @end itemize @node POSIX @@ -35353,23 +35353,23 @@ introduced the following changes into the language: @itemize @value{BULLET} @item The use of @option{-W} for implementation-specific options -(@pxref{Options}). +(@pxref{Options}) @item The use of @code{CONVFMT} for controlling the conversion of numbers -to strings (@pxref{Conversion}). +to strings (@pxref{Conversion}) @item The concept of a numeric string and tighter comparison rules to go -with it (@pxref{Typing and Comparison}). +with it (@pxref{Typing and Comparison}) @item The use of predefined variables as function parameter names is forbidden -(@pxref{Definition Syntax}). +(@pxref{Definition Syntax}) @item More complete documentation of many of the previously undocumented -features of the language. +features of the language @end itemize In 2012, a number of extensions that had been commonly available for @@ -35378,15 +35378,15 @@ many years were finally added to POSIX. They are: @itemize @value{BULLET} @item The @code{fflush()} built-in function for flushing buffered output -(@pxref{I/O Functions}). +(@pxref{I/O Functions}) @item The @code{nextfile} statement -(@pxref{Nextfile Statement}). +(@pxref{Nextfile Statement}) @item The ability to delete all of an array at once with @samp{delete @var{array}} -(@pxref{Delete}). +(@pxref{Delete}) @end itemize @@ -35416,22 +35416,22 @@ originally appeared in his version of @command{awk}: The @samp{**} and @samp{**=} operators (@pxref{Arithmetic Ops} and -@ref{Assignment Ops}). +@ref{Assignment Ops}) @item The use of @code{func} as an abbreviation for @code{function} -(@pxref{Definition Syntax}). +(@pxref{Definition Syntax}) @item The @code{fflush()} built-in function for flushing buffered output -(@pxref{I/O Functions}). +(@pxref{I/O Functions}) @ignore @item The @code{SYMTAB} array, that allows access to @command{awk}'s internal symbol table. This feature was never documented for his @command{awk}, largely because it is somewhat shakily implemented. For instance, you cannot access arrays -or array elements through it. +or array elements through it @end ignore @end itemize @@ -35461,7 +35461,7 @@ Additional predefined variables: @itemize @value{MINUS} @item The -@code{ARGIND} +@code{ARGIND}, @code{BINMODE}, @code{ERRNO}, @code{FIELDWIDTHS}, @@ -35473,7 +35473,7 @@ The and @code{TEXTDOMAIN} variables -(@pxref{Built-in Variables}). +(@pxref{Built-in Variables}) @end itemize @item @@ -35481,15 +35481,15 @@ Special files in I/O redirections: @itemize @value{MINUS} @item -The @file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, @file{/dev/stderr} and +The @file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, @file{/dev/stderr}, and @file{/dev/fd/@var{N}} special @value{FN}s -(@pxref{Special Files}). +(@pxref{Special Files}) @item The @file{/inet}, @file{/inet4}, and @samp{/inet6} special files for TCP/IP networking using @samp{|&} to specify which version of the IP protocol to use -(@pxref{TCP/IP Networking}). +(@pxref{TCP/IP Networking}) @end itemize @item @@ -35498,37 +35498,37 @@ Changes and/or additions to the language: @itemize @value{MINUS} @item The @samp{\x} escape sequence -(@pxref{Escape Sequences}). +(@pxref{Escape Sequences}) @item Full support for both POSIX and GNU regexps -(@pxref{Regexp}). +(@pxref{Regexp}) @item The ability for @code{FS} and for the third argument to @code{split()} to be null strings -(@pxref{Single Character Fields}). +(@pxref{Single Character Fields}) @item The ability for @code{RS} to be a regexp -(@pxref{Records}). +(@pxref{Records}) @item The ability to use octal and hexadecimal constants in @command{awk} program source code -(@pxref{Nondecimal-numbers}). +(@pxref{Nondecimal-numbers}) @item The @samp{|&} operator for two-way I/O to a coprocess -(@pxref{Two-way I/O}). +(@pxref{Two-way I/O}) @item Indirect function calls -(@pxref{Indirect Calls}). +(@pxref{Indirect Calls}) @item Directories on the command line produce a warning and are skipped -(@pxref{Command-line directories}). +(@pxref{Command-line directories}) @end itemize @item @@ -35537,11 +35537,11 @@ New keywords: @itemize @value{MINUS} @item The @code{BEGINFILE} and @code{ENDFILE} special patterns -(@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}). +(@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}) @item The @code{switch} statement -(@pxref{Switch Statement}). +(@pxref{Switch Statement}) @end itemize @item @@ -35551,30 +35551,30 @@ Changes to standard @command{awk} functions: @item The optional second argument to @code{close()} that allows closing one end of a two-way pipe to a coprocess -(@pxref{Two-way I/O}). +(@pxref{Two-way I/O}) @item -POSIX compliance for @code{gsub()} and @code{sub()} with @option{--posix}. +POSIX compliance for @code{gsub()} and @code{sub()} with @option{--posix} @item The @code{length()} function accepts an array argument and returns the number of elements in the array -(@pxref{String Functions}). +(@pxref{String Functions}) @item The optional third argument to the @code{match()} function for capturing text-matching subexpressions within a regexp -(@pxref{String Functions}). +(@pxref{String Functions}) @item Positional specifiers in @code{printf} formats for making translations easier -(@pxref{Printf Ordering}). +(@pxref{Printf Ordering}) @item The @code{split()} function's additional optional fourth -argument which is an array to hold the text of the field separators -(@pxref{String Functions}). +argument, which is an array to hold the text of the field separators +(@pxref{String Functions}) @end itemize @item @@ -35584,16 +35584,16 @@ Additional functions only in @command{gawk}: @item The @code{gensub()}, @code{patsplit()}, and @code{strtonum()} functions for more powerful text manipulation -(@pxref{String Functions}). +(@pxref{String Functions}) @item The @code{asort()} and @code{asorti()} functions for sorting arrays -(@pxref{Array Sorting}). +(@pxref{Array Sorting}) @item The @code{mktime()}, @code{systime()}, and @code{strftime()} functions for working with timestamps -(@pxref{Time Functions}). +(@pxref{Time Functions}) @item The @@ -35605,17 +35605,17 @@ The and @code{xor()} functions for bit manipulation -(@pxref{Bitwise Functions}). +(@pxref{Bitwise Functions}) @c In 4.1, and(), or() and xor() grew the ability to take > 2 arguments @item The @code{isarray()} function to check if a variable is an array or not -(@pxref{Type Functions}). +(@pxref{Type Functions}) @item -The @code{bindtextdomain()}, @code{dcgettext()} and @code{dcngettext()} +The @code{bindtextdomain()}, @code{dcgettext()}, and @code{dcngettext()} functions for internationalization -(@pxref{Programmer i18n}). +(@pxref{Programmer i18n}) @end itemize @item @@ -35625,12 +35625,12 @@ Changes and/or additions in the command-line options: @item The @env{AWKPATH} environment variable for specifying a path search for the @option{-f} command-line option -(@pxref{Options}). +(@pxref{Options}) @item The @env{AWKLIBPATH} environment variable for specifying a path search for the @option{-l} command-line option -(@pxref{Options}). +(@pxref{Options}) @item The @@ -35659,7 +35659,7 @@ The and @option{-V} short options. Also, the -ability to use GNU-style long-named options that start with @option{--} +ability to use GNU-style long-named options that start with @option{--}, and the @option{--assign}, @option{--bignum}, @@ -35739,7 +35739,7 @@ GCC for VAX and Alpha has not been tested for a while. @end itemize @item -Support for the following obsolete systems was removed from the code +Support for the following obsolete system was removed from the code for @command{gawk} @value{PVERSION} 4.1: @c nested table @@ -36375,9 +36375,9 @@ by @command{gawk}, Brian Kernighan's @command{awk}, and @command{mawk}, the three most widely used freely available versions of @command{awk} (@pxref{Other Versions}). -@multitable {@file{/dev/stderr} special file} {BWK Awk} {Mawk} {GNU Awk} {Now standard} -@headitem Feature @tab BWK Awk @tab Mawk @tab GNU Awk @tab Now standard -@item @samp{\x} Escape sequence @tab X @tab X @tab X @tab +@multitable {@file{/dev/stderr} special file} {BWK @command{awk}} {@command{mawk}} {@command{gawk}} {Now standard} +@headitem Feature @tab BWK @command{awk} @tab @command{mawk} @tab @command{gawk} @tab Now standard +@item @samp{\x} escape sequence @tab X @tab X @tab X @tab @item @code{FS} as null string @tab X @tab X @tab X @tab @item @file{/dev/stdin} special file @tab X @tab X @tab X @tab @item @file{/dev/stdout} special file @tab X @tab X @tab X @tab @@ -36408,7 +36408,7 @@ in the machine's native character set. Thus, on ASCII-based systems, @samp{[a-z]} matched all the lowercase letters, and only the lowercase letters, as the numeric values for the letters from @samp{a} through @samp{z} were contiguous. (On an EBCDIC system, the range @samp{[a-z]} -includes additional, non-alphabetic characters as well.) +includes additional nonalphabetic characters as well.) Almost all introductory Unix literature explained range expressions as working in this fashion, and in particular, would teach that the @@ -36433,7 +36433,7 @@ What does that mean? In many locales, @samp{A} and @samp{a} are both less than @samp{B}. In other words, these locales sort characters in dictionary order, and @samp{[a-dx-z]} is typically not equivalent to @samp{[abcdxyz]}; -instead it might be equivalent to @samp{[ABCXYabcdxyz]}, for example. +instead, it might be equivalent to @samp{[ABCXYabcdxyz]}, for example. This point needs to be emphasized: much literature teaches that you should use @samp{[a-z]} to match a lowercase character. But on systems with @@ -36462,23 +36462,23 @@ is perfectly valid in ASCII, but is not valid in many Unicode locales, such as @code{en_US.UTF-8}. Early versions of @command{gawk} used regexp matching code that was not -locale aware, so ranges had their traditional interpretation. +locale-aware, so ranges had their traditional interpretation. When @command{gawk} switched to using locale-aware regexp matchers, the problems began; especially as both GNU/Linux and commercial Unix vendors started implementing non-ASCII locales, @emph{and making them the default}. Perhaps the most frequently asked question became something -like ``why does @samp{[A-Z]} match lowercase letters?!?'' +like, ``Why does @samp{[A-Z]} match lowercase letters?!?'' @cindex Berry, Karl This situation existed for close to 10 years, if not more, and the @command{gawk} maintainer grew weary of trying to explain that -@command{gawk} was being nicely standards compliant, and that the issue +@command{gawk} was being nicely standards-compliant, and that the issue was in the user's locale. During the development of @value{PVERSION} 4.0, he modified @command{gawk} to always treat ranges in the original, pre-POSIX fashion, unless @option{--posix} was used (@pxref{Options}).@footnote{And thus was born the Campaign for Rational Range Interpretation (or -RRI). A number of GNU tools have either implemented this change, +RRI). A number of GNU tools have already implemented this change, or will soon. Thanks to Karl Berry for coining the phrase ``Rational Range Interpretation.''} @@ -36492,9 +36492,10 @@ and By using this lovely technical term, the standard gives license to implementors to implement ranges in whatever way they choose. -The @command{gawk} maintainer chose to apply the pre-POSIX meaning in all -cases: the default regexp matching; with @option{--traditional} and with -@option{--posix}; in all cases, @command{gawk} remains POSIX compliant. +The @command{gawk} maintainer chose to apply the pre-POSIX meaning +both with the default regexp matching and when @option{--traditional} or +@option{--posix} are used. +In all cases @command{gawk} remains POSIX-compliant. @node Contributors @appendixsec Major Contributors to @command{gawk} @@ -36540,7 +36541,7 @@ to around 90 pages. Richard Stallman helped finish the implementation and the initial draft of this @value{DOCUMENT}. -He is also the founder of the FSF and the GNU project. +He is also the founder of the FSF and the GNU Project. @item @cindex Woods, John @@ -36704,28 +36705,28 @@ John Haque made the following contributions: @itemize @value{MINUS} @item The modifications to convert @command{gawk} -into a byte-code interpreter, including the debugger. +into a byte-code interpreter, including the debugger @item -The addition of true arrays of arrays. +The addition of true arrays of arrays @item -The additional modifications for support of arbitrary-precision arithmetic. +The additional modifications for support of arbitrary-precision arithmetic @item The initial text of -@ref{Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic}. +@ref{Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic} @item The work to merge the three versions of @command{gawk} -into one, for the 4.1 release. +into one, for the 4.1 release @item -Improved array internals for arrays indexed by integers. +Improved array internals for arrays indexed by integers @item -The improved array sorting features were driven by John together -with Pat Rankin. +The improved array sorting features were also driven by John, together +with Pat Rankin @end itemize @cindex Papadopoulos, Panos @@ -36766,10 +36767,10 @@ helping David Trueman, and as the primary maintainer since around 1994. @itemize @value{BULLET} @item The @command{awk} language has evolved over time. The first release -was with V7 Unix circa 1978. In 1987, for System V Release 3.1, +was with V7 Unix, circa 1978. In 1987, for System V Release 3.1, major additions, including user-defined functions, were made to the language. Additional changes were made for System V Release 4, in 1989. -Since then, further minor changes happen under the auspices of the +Since then, further minor changes have happened under the auspices of the POSIX standard. @item @@ -36785,7 +36786,7 @@ options. The interaction of POSIX locales and regexp matching in @command{gawk} has been confusing over the years. Today, @command{gawk} implements Rational Range Interpretation, where ranges of the form @samp{[a-z]} match @emph{only} the characters numerically between -@samp{a} through @samp{z} in the machine's native character set. Usually this is ASCII +@samp{a} through @samp{z} in the machine's native character set. Usually this is ASCII, but it can be EBCDIC on IBM S/390 systems. @item @@ -36870,7 +36871,7 @@ will be less busy, and you can usually find one closer to your site. @command{gawk} is distributed as several @code{tar} files compressed with different compression programs: @command{gzip}, @command{bzip2}, and @command{xz}. For simplicity, the rest of these instructions assume -you are using the one compressed with the GNU Zip program, @code{gzip}. +you are using the one compressed with the GNU Gzip program (@command{gzip}). Once you have the distribution (e.g., @file{gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL}.tar.gz}), @@ -36921,12 +36922,12 @@ operating systems: @table @asis @item Various @samp{.c}, @samp{.y}, and @samp{.h} files -The actual @command{gawk} source code. +These files contain the actual @command{gawk} source code. @end table @table @file @item ABOUT-NLS -Information about GNU @command{gettext} and translations. +A file containing information about GNU @command{gettext} and translations. @item AUTHORS A file with some information about the authorship of @command{gawk}. @@ -36956,7 +36957,7 @@ An older list of changes to @command{gawk}. The GNU General Public License. @item POSIX.STD -A description of behaviors in the POSIX standard for @command{awk} which +A description of behaviors in the POSIX standard for @command{awk} that are left undefined, or where @command{gawk} may not comply fully, as well as a list of things that the POSIX standard should describe but does not. @@ -37221,14 +37222,17 @@ Similarly, setting the @code{LINT} variable (@pxref{User-modified}) has no effect on the running @command{awk} program. -When used with GCC's automatic dead-code-elimination, this option +When used with the GNU Compiler Collection's (GCC's) +automatic dead-code-elimination, this option cuts almost 23K bytes off the size of the @command{gawk} executable on GNU/Linux x86_64 systems. Results on other systems and with other compilers are likely to vary. Using this option may bring you some slight performance improvement. +@quotation CAUTION Using this option will cause some of the tests in the test suite to fail. This option may be removed at a later date. +@end quotation @cindex @option{--disable-nls} configuration option @cindex configuration option, @code{--disable-nls} @@ -37325,10 +37329,10 @@ running MS-DOS, any version of MS-Windows, or OS/2. running MS-DOS and any version of MS-Windows. @end ifset In this @value{SECTION}, the term ``Windows32'' -refers to any of Microsoft Windows-95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP/Vista/7/8. +refers to any of Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP/Vista/7/8. The limitations of MS-DOS (and MS-DOS shells under the other operating -systems) has meant that various ``DOS extenders'' are often used with +systems) have meant that various ``DOS extenders'' are often used with programs such as @command{gawk}. The varying capabilities of Microsoft Windows 3.1 and Windows32 can add to the confusion. For an overview of the considerations, refer to @file{README_d/README.pc} in @@ -37587,7 +37591,7 @@ Under MS-Windows, OS/2 and MS-DOS, Under MS-Windows and MS-DOS, @end ifset @command{gawk} (and many other text programs) silently -translate end-of-line @samp{\r\n} to @samp{\n} on input and @samp{\n} +translates end-of-line @samp{\r\n} to @samp{\n} on input and @samp{\n} to @samp{\r\n} on output. A special @code{BINMODE} variable @value{COMMONEXT} allows control over these translations and is interpreted as follows: @@ -37621,7 +37625,7 @@ Setting @code{BINMODE} for standard input or standard output is accomplished by using an appropriate @samp{-v BINMODE=@var{N}} option on the command line. @code{BINMODE} is set at the time a file or pipe is opened and cannot be -changed mid-stream. +changed midstream. The name @code{BINMODE} was chosen to match @command{mawk} (@pxref{Other Versions}). @@ -37677,8 +37681,8 @@ moved into the @code{BEGIN} rule. @command{gawk} can be built and used ``out of the box'' under MS-Windows if you are using the @uref{http://www.cygwin.com, Cygwin environment}. -This environment provides an excellent simulation of GNU/Linux, using the -GNU tools, such as Bash, the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Make, +This environment provides an excellent simulation of GNU/Linux, using +Bash, GCC, GNU Make, and other GNU programs. Compilation and installation for Cygwin is the same as for a Unix system: @@ -37697,7 +37701,7 @@ and then the @samp{make} proceeds as usual. @appendixsubsubsec Using @command{gawk} In The MSYS Environment In the MSYS environment under MS-Windows, @command{gawk} automatically -uses binary mode for reading and writing files. Thus there is no +uses binary mode for reading and writing files. Thus, there is no need to use the @code{BINMODE} variable. This can cause problems with other Unix-like components that have @@ -37761,7 +37765,7 @@ With ODS-5 volumes and extended parsing enabled, the case of the target parameter may need to be exact. @command{gawk} has been tested under VAX/VMS 7.3 and Alpha/VMS 7.3-1 -using Compaq C V6.4, and Alpha/VMS 7.3, Alpha/VMS 7.3-2, and IA64/VMS 8.3. +using Compaq C V6.4, and under Alpha/VMS 7.3, Alpha/VMS 7.3-2, and IA64/VMS 8.3. The most recent builds used HP C V7.3 on Alpha VMS 8.3 and both Alpha and IA64 VMS 8.4 used HP C 7.3.@footnote{The IA64 architecture is also known as ``Itanium.''} @@ -37809,7 +37813,7 @@ For VAX: /name=(as_is,short) @end example -Compile time macros need to be defined before the first VMS-supplied +Compile-time macros need to be defined before the first VMS-supplied header file is included, as follows: @example @@ -37856,7 +37860,7 @@ If your @command{gawk} was installed by a PCSI kit into the @file{GNV$GNU:[vms_help]gawk.hlp}. The PCSI kit also installs a @file{GNV$GNU:[vms_bin]gawk_verb.cld} file -which can be used to add @command{gawk} and @command{awk} as DCL commands. +that can be used to add @command{gawk} and @command{awk} as DCL commands. For just the current process you can use: @@ -37865,7 +37869,7 @@ $ @kbd{set command gnv$gnu:[vms_bin]gawk_verb.cld} @end example Or the system manager can use @file{GNV$GNU:[vms_bin]gawk_verb.cld} to -add the @command{gawk} and @command{awk} to the system wide @samp{DCLTABLES}. +add the @command{gawk} and @command{awk} to the system-wide @samp{DCLTABLES}. The DCL syntax is documented in the @file{gawk.hlp} file. @@ -37931,14 +37935,14 @@ The @code{exit} value is a Unix-style value and is encoded into a VMS exit status value when the program exits. The VMS severity bits will be set based on the @code{exit} value. -A failure is indicated by 1 and VMS sets the @code{ERROR} status. -A fatal error is indicated by 2 and VMS sets the @code{FATAL} status. +A failure is indicated by 1, and VMS sets the @code{ERROR} status. +A fatal error is indicated by 2, and VMS sets the @code{FATAL} status. All other values will have the @code{SUCCESS} status. The exit value is encoded to comply with VMS coding standards and will have the @code{C_FACILITY_NO} of @code{0x350000} with the constant @code{0xA000} added to the number shifted over by 3 bits to make room for the severity codes. -To extract the actual @command{gawk} exit code from the VMS status use: +To extract the actual @command{gawk} exit code from the VMS status, use: @example unix_status = (vms_status .and. &x7f8) / 8 @@ -37957,7 +37961,7 @@ VAX/VMS floating point uses unbiased rounding. @xref{Round Function}. VMS reports time values in GMT unless one of the @code{SYS$TIMEZONE_RULE} or @code{TZ} logical names is set. Older versions of VMS, such as VAX/VMS -7.3 do not set these logical names. +7.3, do not set these logical names. @c @cindex directory search @c @cindex path, search @@ -37975,7 +37979,7 @@ translation and not a multitranslation @code{RMS} searchlist. The VMS GNV package provides a build environment similar to POSIX with ports of a collection of open source tools. The @command{gawk} found in the GNV -base kit is an older port. Currently the GNV project is being reorganized +base kit is an older port. Currently, the GNV project is being reorganized to supply individual PCSI packages for each component. See @w{@uref{https://sourceforge.net/p/gnv/wiki/InstallingGNVPackages/}.} @@ -38048,7 +38052,7 @@ recommend compiling and using the current version. @cindex debugging @command{gawk}, bug reports @cindex troubleshooting, @command{gawk}, bug reports If you have problems with @command{gawk} or think that you have found a bug, -report it to the developers; we cannot promise to do anything +report it to the developers; we cannot promise to do anything, but we might well want to fix it. Before reporting a bug, make sure you have really found a genuine bug. @@ -38058,7 +38062,7 @@ to do something or not, report that too; it's a bug in the documentation! Before reporting a bug or trying to fix it yourself, try to isolate it to the smallest possible @command{awk} program and input @value{DF} that -reproduces the problem. Then send us the program and @value{DF}, +reproduce the problem. Then send us the program and @value{DF}, some idea of what kind of Unix system you're using, the compiler you used to compile @command{gawk}, and the exact results @command{gawk} gave you. Also say what you expected to occur; this helps @@ -38073,7 +38077,7 @@ You can get this information with the command @samp{gawk --version}. Once you have a precise problem description, send email to @EMAIL{bug-gawk@@gnu.org,bug-gawk at gnu dot org}. -The @command{gawk} maintainers subscribe to this address and +The @command{gawk} maintainers subscribe to this address, and thus they will receive your bug report. Although you can send mail to the maintainers directly, the bug reporting address is preferred because the @@ -38100,8 +38104,8 @@ bug reporting system, you should also send a copy to This is for two reasons. First, although some distributions forward bug reports ``upstream'' to the GNU mailing list, many don't, so there is a good chance that the @command{gawk} maintainers won't even see the bug report! Second, -mail to the GNU list is archived, and having everything at the GNU project -keeps things self-contained and not dependant on other organizations. +mail to the GNU list is archived, and having everything at the GNU Project +keeps things self-contained and not dependent on other organizations. @end quotation Non-bug suggestions are always welcome as well. If you have questions @@ -38110,7 +38114,7 @@ features, ask on the bug list; we will try to help you out if we can. If you find bugs in one of the non-Unix ports of @command{gawk}, send an email to the bug list, with a copy to the -person who maintains that port. They are named in the following list, +person who maintains that port. The maintainers are named in the following list, as well as in the @file{README} file in the @command{gawk} distribution. Information in the @file{README} file should be considered authoritative if it conflicts with this @value{DOCUMENT}. @@ -38125,19 +38129,19 @@ The people maintaining the various @command{gawk} ports are: @cindex Robbins, Arnold @cindex Zaretskii, Eli @multitable {MS-Windows with MinGW} {123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890} -@item Unix and POSIX systems @tab Arnold Robbins, @EMAIL{arnold@@skeeve.com,arnold at skeeve dot com}. +@item Unix and POSIX systems @tab Arnold Robbins, @EMAIL{arnold@@skeeve.com,arnold at skeeve dot com} -@item MS-DOS with DJGPP @tab Scott Deifik, @EMAIL{scottd.mail@@sbcglobal.net,scottd dot mail at sbcglobal dot net}. +@item MS-DOS with DJGPP @tab Scott Deifik, @EMAIL{scottd.mail@@sbcglobal.net,scottd dot mail at sbcglobal dot net} -@item MS-Windows with MinGW @tab Eli Zaretskii, @EMAIL{eliz@@gnu.org,eliz at gnu dot org}. +@item MS-Windows with MinGW @tab Eli Zaretskii, @EMAIL{eliz@@gnu.org,eliz at gnu dot org} @c Leave this in the print version on purpose. @c OS/2 is not mentioned anywhere else in the print version though. -@item OS/2 @tab Andreas Buening, @EMAIL{andreas.buening@@nexgo.de,andreas dot buening at nexgo dot de}. +@item OS/2 @tab Andreas Buening, @EMAIL{andreas.buening@@nexgo.de,andreas dot buening at nexgo dot de} -@item VMS @tab John Malmberg, @EMAIL{wb8tyw@@qsl.net,wb8tyw at qsl.net}. +@item VMS @tab John Malmberg, @EMAIL{wb8tyw@@qsl.net,wb8tyw at qsl.net} -@item z/OS (OS/390) @tab Dave Pitts, @EMAIL{dpitts@@cozx.com,dpitts at cozx dot com}. +@item z/OS (OS/390) @tab Dave Pitts, @EMAIL{dpitts@@cozx.com,dpitts at cozx dot com} @end multitable If your bug is also reproducible under Unix, send a copy of your @@ -38156,7 +38160,7 @@ Date: Wed, 4 Sep 1996 08:11:48 -0700 (PDT) @cindex Brennan, Michael @ifnotdocbook @quotation -@i{It's kind of fun to put comments like this in your awk code.}@* +@i{It's kind of fun to put comments like this in your awk code:}@* @ @ @ @ @ @ @code{// Do C++ comments work? answer: yes! of course} @author Michael Brennan @end quotation @@ -38197,7 +38201,7 @@ It is available in several archive formats: @end table @cindex @command{git} utility -You can also retrieve it from Git Hub: +You can also retrieve it from GitHub: @example git clone git://github.com/onetrueawk/awk bwkawk @@ -38257,7 +38261,7 @@ for a list of extensions in @command{mawk} that are not in POSIX @command{awk}. @item @command{awka} Written by Andrew Sumner, @command{awka} translates @command{awk} programs into C, compiles them, -and links them with a library of functions that provides the core +and links them with a library of functions that provide the core @command{awk} functionality. It also has a number of extensions. @@ -38278,17 +38282,17 @@ since approximately 2001. Nelson H.F.@: Beebe at the University of Utah has modified BWK @command{awk} to provide timing and profiling information. It is different from @command{gawk} with the @option{--profile} option -(@pxref{Profiling}), +(@pxref{Profiling}) in that it uses CPU-based profiling, not line-count profiling. You may find it at either @uref{ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/pawk/pawk-20030606.tar.gz} or @uref{http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/pawk/pawk-20030606.tar.gz}. -@item Busybox Awk -@cindex Busybox Awk -@cindex source code, Busybox Awk -Busybox is a GPL-licensed program providing small versions of many +@item BusyBox @command{awk} +@cindex BusyBox Awk +@cindex source code, BusyBox Awk +BusyBox is a GPL-licensed program providing small versions of many applications within a single executable. It is aimed at embedded systems. It includes a full implementation of POSIX @command{awk}. When building it, be careful not to do @samp{make install} as it will overwrite @@ -38300,7 +38304,7 @@ information, see the @uref{http://busybox.net, project's home page}. @cindex source code, Solaris @command{awk} @item The OpenSolaris POSIX @command{awk} The versions of @command{awk} in @file{/usr/xpg4/bin} and -@file{/usr/xpg6/bin} on Solaris are more-or-less POSIX-compliant. +@file{/usr/xpg6/bin} on Solaris are more or less POSIX-compliant. They are based on the @command{awk} from Mortice Kern Systems for PCs. We were able to make this code compile and work under GNU/Linux with 1--2 hours of work. Making it more generally portable (using @@ -38341,9 +38345,9 @@ features to Python. See @uref{https://github.com/alecthomas/pawk} for more information. (This is not related to Nelson Beebe's modified version of BWK @command{awk}, described earlier.) -@item @w{QSE Awk} -@cindex QSE Awk -@cindex source code, QSE Awk +@item @w{QSE @command{awk}} +@cindex QSE @command{awk} +@cindex source code, QSE @command{awk} This is an embeddable @command{awk} interpreter. For more information, see @uref{http://code.google.com/p/qse/} and @uref{http://awk.info/?tools/qse}. @@ -38362,7 +38366,7 @@ since approximately 2008. @item Other versions See also the ``Versions and implementations'' section of the @uref{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awk_language#Versions_and_implementations, -Wikipedia article} for information on additional versions. +Wikipedia article} on @command{awk} for information on additional versions. @end table @@ -38371,7 +38375,7 @@ Wikipedia article} for information on additional versions. @itemize @value{BULLET} @item -The @command{gawk} distribution is available from GNU project's main +The @command{gawk} distribution is available from the GNU Project's main distribution site, @code{ftp.gnu.org}. The canonical build recipe is: @example @@ -38383,22 +38387,22 @@ cd gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL} @item @command{gawk} may be built on non-POSIX systems as well. The currently -supported systems are MS-Windows using DJGPP, MSYS, MinGW and Cygwin, +supported systems are MS-Windows using DJGPP, MSYS, MinGW, and Cygwin, @ifclear FOR_PRINT OS/2 using EMX, @end ifclear and both Vax/VMS and OpenVMS. -Instructions for each system are included in this @value{CHAPTER}. +Instructions for each system are included in this @value{APPENDIX}. @item Bug reports should be sent via email to @email{bug-gawk@@gnu.org}. -Bug reports should be in English, and should include the version of @command{gawk}, -how it was compiled, and a short program and @value{DF} which demonstrate +Bug reports should be in English and should include the version of @command{gawk}, +how it was compiled, and a short program and @value{DF} that demonstrate the problem. @item There are a number of other freely available @command{awk} -implementations. Many are POSIX compliant; others are less so. +implementations. Many are POSIX-compliant; others are less so. @end itemize |