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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 921 |
1 files changed, 463 insertions, 458 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 6e721a2b..bc7a1b67 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -4083,18 +4083,23 @@ use for `RS' in this case: BEGIN { RS = "\0" } # whole file becomes one record? `gawk' in fact accepts this, and uses the NUL character for the -record separator. However, this usage is _not_ portable to other `awk' -implementations. +record separator. However, this usage is _not_ portable to most other +`awk' implementations. - All other `awk' implementations(1) store strings internally as -C-style strings. C strings use the NUL character as the string + Almost all other `awk' implementations(1) store strings internally +as C-style strings. C strings use the NUL character as the string terminator. In effect, this means that `RS = "\0"' is the same as `RS = ""'. (d.c.) + It happens that recent versions of `mawk' can use the NUL character +as a record separator. However, this is a special case: `mawk' does not +allow embedded NUL characters in strings. + The best way to treat a whole file as a single record is to simply read the file in, one record at a time, concatenating each record onto the end of the previous ones. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) At least that we know about. @@ -7171,7 +7176,7 @@ decimal point when reading the `awk' program source code, and for command-line variable assignments (*note Other Arguments::). However, when interpreting input data, for `print' and `printf' output, and for number to string conversion, the local decimal point character is used. -(d.c.). Here are some examples indicating the difference in behavior, +(d.c.) Here are some examples indicating the difference in behavior, on a GNU/Linux system: $ export POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 Force POSIX behavior @@ -31150,7 +31155,7 @@ Index * files, /inet/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet4/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet6/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) -* files, as single records: Records. (line 200) +* files, as single records: Records. (line 204) * files, awk programs in: Long. (line 6) * files, awkprof.out: Profiling. (line 6) * files, awkvars.out: Options. (line 93) @@ -32160,7 +32165,7 @@ Index * records, printing: Print. (line 22) * records, splitting input into: Records. (line 6) * records, terminating: Records. (line 117) -* records, treating files as: Records. (line 200) +* records, treating files as: Records. (line 204) * recursive functions: Definition Syntax. (line 73) * redirection of input: Getline/File. (line 6) * redirection of output: Redirection. (line 6) @@ -32811,456 +32816,456 @@ Node: Leftmost Longest171273 Node: Computed Regexps172474 Node: Reading Files175811 Node: Records177813 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1186702 -Node: Fields186739 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1189772 -Node: Nonconstant Fields189858 -Node: Changing Fields192060 -Node: Field Separators198019 -Node: Default Field Splitting200721 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting201838 -Node: Single Character Fields205180 -Node: Command Line Field Separator206239 -Node: Full Line Fields209673 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210181 -Node: Field Splitting Summary210227 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213326 -Node: Constant Size213427 -Node: Splitting By Content218034 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221783 -Node: Multiple Line221823 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1227670 -Node: Getline227849 -Node: Plain Getline230065 -Node: Getline/Variable232160 -Node: Getline/File233307 -Node: Getline/Variable/File234648 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236247 -Node: Getline/Pipe236334 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239033 -Node: Getline/Coprocess240140 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241392 -Node: Getline Notes242129 -Node: Getline Summary244916 -Ref: table-getline-variants245324 -Node: Read Timeout246236 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1249977 -Node: Command line directories250034 -Node: Printing250664 -Node: Print252295 -Node: Print Examples253632 -Node: Output Separators256416 -Node: OFMT258176 -Node: Printf259534 -Node: Basic Printf260440 -Node: Control Letters261979 -Node: Format Modifiers265791 -Node: Printf Examples271800 -Node: Redirection274515 -Node: Special Files281480 -Node: Special FD282013 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1285638 -Node: Special Network285712 -Node: Special Caveats286562 -Node: Close Files And Pipes287358 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1294341 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2294489 -Node: Expressions294639 -Node: Values295771 -Node: Constants296447 -Node: Scalar Constants297127 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1297986 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers298168 -Node: Regexp Constants301168 -Node: Using Constant Regexps301643 -Node: Variables304698 -Node: Using Variables305353 -Node: Assignment Options307077 -Node: Conversion308949 -Ref: table-locale-affects314450 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315074 -Node: All Operators315183 -Node: Arithmetic Ops315813 -Node: Concatenation318318 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321110 -Node: Assignment Ops321230 -Ref: table-assign-ops326218 -Node: Increment Ops327549 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions330983 -Node: Truth Values332066 -Node: Typing and Comparison333115 -Node: Variable Typing333908 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1337805 -Node: Comparison Operators337927 -Ref: table-relational-ops338337 -Node: POSIX String Comparison341885 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1342841 -Node: Boolean Ops342979 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347057 -Node: Conditional Exp347148 -Node: Function Calls348880 -Node: Precedence352474 -Node: Locales356143 -Node: Patterns and Actions357232 -Node: Pattern Overview358286 -Node: Regexp Patterns359955 -Node: Expression Patterns360498 -Node: Ranges364183 -Node: BEGIN/END367149 -Node: Using BEGIN/END367911 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370642 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END370748 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373030 -Node: Empty375944 -Node: Using Shell Variables376260 -Node: Action Overview378545 -Node: Statements380902 -Node: If Statement382756 -Node: While Statement384255 -Node: Do Statement386299 -Node: For Statement387455 -Node: Switch Statement390607 -Node: Break Statement392704 -Node: Continue Statement394694 -Node: Next Statement396487 -Node: Nextfile Statement398877 -Node: Exit Statement401520 -Node: Built-in Variables403936 -Node: User-modified405031 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413389 -Node: Auto-set413451 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1426921 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427126 -Node: ARGC and ARGV427182 -Node: Arrays431033 -Node: Array Basics432538 -Node: Array Intro433364 -Node: Reference to Elements437681 -Node: Assigning Elements439951 -Node: Array Example440442 -Node: Scanning an Array442174 -Node: Controlling Scanning444488 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449575 -Node: Delete449891 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1452656 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts452713 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts454896 -Node: Multidimensional456523 -Node: Multiscanning459616 -Node: Arrays of Arrays461205 -Node: Functions465845 -Node: Built-in466664 -Node: Calling Built-in467742 -Node: Numeric Functions469730 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473562 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2473919 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473967 -Node: String Functions474236 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497156 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497285 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497533 -Node: Gory Details497620 -Ref: table-sub-escapes499299 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92500653 -Ref: table-sub-proposed502004 -Ref: table-posix-sub503358 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes504903 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506079 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506130 -Node: I/O Functions506281 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513266 -Node: Time Functions513413 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524346 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524414 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524572 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524683 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524795 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6525022 -Node: Bitwise Functions525288 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops525850 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1530071 -Node: Type Functions530255 -Node: I18N Functions531406 -Node: User-defined533033 -Node: Definition Syntax533837 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1538747 -Node: Function Example538816 -Node: Function Caveats541410 -Node: Calling A Function541831 -Node: Variable Scope542946 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference545909 -Node: Return Statement549417 -Node: Dynamic Typing552398 -Node: Indirect Calls553329 -Node: Library Functions563014 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566527 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566670 -Node: Library Names566841 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570312 -Ref: Library 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Data806047 -Node: Execution Stack809403 -Node: Debugger Info810870 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands814852 -Node: Readline Support820028 -Node: Limitations820859 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic823111 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1824760 -Node: General Arithmetic824908 -Node: Floating Point Issues826628 -Node: String Conversion Precision827509 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1829214 -Node: Unexpected Results829323 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems831476 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1835301 -Node: Integer Programming835339 -Node: Floating-point Programming837078 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1843409 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-2843679 -Node: Floating-point Representation843943 -Node: Floating-point Context845108 -Ref: table-ieee-formats845947 -Node: Rounding Mode847331 -Ref: table-rounding-modes847810 -Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1850825 -Node: Gawk and MPFR851004 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats852259 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1854702 -Node: Setting Precision855018 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings855704 -Node: Setting Rounding Mode857849 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes858253 -Node: Floating-point Constants859440 -Node: Changing Precision860869 -Ref: Changing Precision-Footnote-1862266 -Node: Exact Arithmetic862440 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers865578 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1868596 -Node: Dynamic Extensions868743 -Node: Extension Intro870201 -Node: Plugin License871466 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline872151 -Ref: load-extension872568 -Ref: load-new-function874046 -Ref: call-new-function875041 -Node: Extension API Description877056 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction878269 -Node: General Data Types883135 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1888737 -Node: Requesting Values889036 -Ref: table-value-types-returned889767 -Node: Constructor Functions890721 -Node: Registration Functions893741 -Node: Extension Functions894426 -Node: Exit Callback Functions896651 -Node: Extension Version String897900 -Node: Input Parsers898550 -Node: Output Wrappers908307 -Node: Two-way processors912817 -Node: Printing Messages915025 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1916102 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'916254 -Node: Accessing Parameters916993 -Node: Symbol Table Access918223 -Node: Symbol table by name918735 -Node: Symbol table by cookie920482 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1924612 -Node: Cached values924675 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1928124 -Node: Array Manipulation928215 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1929313 -Node: Array Data Types929352 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1932055 -Node: Array Functions932147 -Node: Flattening Arrays935913 -Node: Creating Arrays942765 -Node: Extension API Variables947490 -Node: Extension Versioning948126 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables950027 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate951113 -Node: Finding Extensions954917 -Node: Extension Example955477 -Node: Internal File Description956207 -Node: Internal File Ops960298 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1971806 -Node: Using Internal File Ops971946 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-1974299 -Node: Extension Samples974565 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions976089 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch984574 -Node: Extension Sample Fork986300 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace987518 -Node: Extension Sample Ord989296 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir990132 -Node: Extension Sample Revout991664 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way992257 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array992947 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile994830 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests995648 -Node: Extension Sample Time996173 -Node: gawkextlib997537 -Node: Language History1000318 -Node: V7/SVR3.11001911 -Node: SVR41004231 -Node: POSIX1005673 -Node: BTL1007059 -Node: POSIX/GNU1007793 -Node: Feature History1013392 -Node: Common Extensions1026356 -Node: Ranges and Locales1027668 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11032286 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21032313 -Ref: 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Fields190057 +Node: Changing Fields192259 +Node: Field Separators198218 +Node: Default Field Splitting200920 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting202037 +Node: Single Character Fields205379 +Node: Command Line Field Separator206438 +Node: Full Line Fields209872 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210380 +Node: Field Splitting Summary210426 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213525 +Node: Constant Size213626 +Node: Splitting By Content218233 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221982 +Node: Multiple Line222022 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1227869 +Node: Getline228048 +Node: Plain Getline230264 +Node: Getline/Variable232359 +Node: Getline/File233506 +Node: Getline/Variable/File234847 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236446 +Node: Getline/Pipe236533 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239232 +Node: Getline/Coprocess240339 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241591 +Node: Getline Notes242328 +Node: Getline Summary245115 +Ref: table-getline-variants245523 +Node: Read Timeout246435 +Ref: Read 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Conversion-Footnote-1315272 +Node: All Operators315381 +Node: Arithmetic Ops316011 +Node: Concatenation318516 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321308 +Node: Assignment Ops321428 +Ref: table-assign-ops326416 +Node: Increment Ops327747 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions331181 +Node: Truth Values332264 +Node: Typing and Comparison333313 +Node: Variable Typing334106 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338003 +Node: Comparison Operators338125 +Ref: table-relational-ops338535 +Node: POSIX String Comparison342083 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343039 +Node: Boolean Ops343177 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347255 +Node: Conditional Exp347346 +Node: Function Calls349078 +Node: Precedence352672 +Node: Locales356341 +Node: Patterns and Actions357430 +Node: Pattern Overview358484 +Node: Regexp Patterns360153 +Node: Expression Patterns360696 +Node: Ranges364381 +Node: BEGIN/END367347 +Node: Using BEGIN/END368109 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370840 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END370946 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373228 +Node: Empty376142 +Node: Using Shell Variables376458 +Node: Action Overview378743 +Node: Statements381100 +Node: If Statement382954 +Node: While Statement384453 +Node: Do Statement386497 +Node: For Statement387653 +Node: Switch Statement390805 +Node: Break Statement392902 +Node: Continue Statement394892 +Node: Next Statement396685 +Node: Nextfile Statement399075 +Node: Exit Statement401718 +Node: Built-in Variables404134 +Node: User-modified405229 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413587 +Node: Auto-set413649 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1427119 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427324 +Node: ARGC and ARGV427380 +Node: Arrays431231 +Node: Array Basics432736 +Node: Array Intro433562 +Node: Reference to Elements437879 +Node: Assigning Elements440149 +Node: Array Example440640 +Node: Scanning an Array442372 +Node: Controlling Scanning444686 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449773 +Node: Delete450089 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1452854 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts452911 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts455094 +Node: Multidimensional456721 +Node: Multiscanning459814 +Node: Arrays of Arrays461403 +Node: Functions466043 +Node: Built-in466862 +Node: Calling Built-in467940 +Node: Numeric Functions469928 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473760 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2474117 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3474165 +Node: String Functions474434 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497354 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497483 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497731 +Node: Gory Details497818 +Ref: table-sub-escapes499497 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92500851 +Ref: table-sub-proposed502202 +Ref: table-posix-sub503556 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes505101 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506277 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506328 +Node: I/O Functions506479 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513464 +Node: Time Functions513611 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524544 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524612 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524770 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524881 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524993 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6525220 +Node: Bitwise Functions525486 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops526048 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1530269 +Node: Type Functions530453 +Node: I18N Functions531604 +Node: User-defined533231 +Node: Definition Syntax534035 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1538945 +Node: Function Example539014 +Node: Function Caveats541608 +Node: Calling A Function542029 +Node: Variable Scope543144 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference546107 +Node: Return Statement549615 +Node: Dynamic Typing552596 +Node: Indirect Calls553527 +Node: Library Functions563212 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566725 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566868 +Node: Library Names567039 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570510 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2570730 +Node: General Functions570816 +Node: Strtonum Function571844 +Node: Assert Function574774 +Node: Round Function578100 +Node: Cliff Random Function579643 +Node: Ordinal Functions580659 +Ref: Ordinal 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Extracting1040341 +Node: Distribution contents1042033 +Node: Unix Installation1047738 +Node: Quick Installation1048355 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1050799 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1052535 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1054889 +Node: PC Installation1055347 +Node: PC Binary Installation1056646 +Node: PC Compiling1058494 +Node: PC Testing1061438 +Node: PC Using1062614 +Node: Cygwin1066799 +Node: MSYS1067799 +Node: VMS Installation1068313 +Node: VMS Compilation1069077 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11070692 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1070750 +Node: VMS Installation Details1072123 +Node: VMS Running1074370 +Node: VMS GNV1077204 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1077927 +Node: Bugs1078397 +Node: Other Versions1082315 +Node: Notes1088399 +Node: Compatibility Mode1089199 +Node: Additions1089982 +Node: Accessing The Source1090909 +Node: Adding Code1092349 +Node: New Ports1098394 +Node: Derived Files1102529 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11107850 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21107884 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31108484 +Node: Future Extensions1108582 +Node: Implementation Limitations1109165 +Node: Extension Design1110417 +Node: Old Extension Problems1111571 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11113079 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1113136 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11116501 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1116687 +Node: Extension Future Growth1118793 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1119629 +Node: Basic Concepts1121369 +Node: Basic High Level1122050 +Ref: figure-general-flow1122321 +Ref: figure-process-flow1122920 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11126149 +Node: Basic Data Typing1126334 +Node: Glossary1129689 +Node: Copying1155151 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1192708 +Node: Index1217845 End Tag Table |