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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1267 |
1 files changed, 663 insertions, 604 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 36558c32..21acc797 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled * Allowing trailing data:: Capturing optional trailing data. * Fields with fixed data:: Field values with fixed-width data. * Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content +* More CSV:: More on CSV files. * Testing field creation:: Checking how 'gawk' is splitting records. * Multiple Line:: Reading multiline records. @@ -5476,6 +5477,10 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Splitting By Content, Next: Testing field creation, Pr 4.7 Defining Fields by Content ============================== +* Menu: + +* More CSV:: More on CSV files. + This minor node discusses an advanced feature of 'gawk'. If you are a novice 'awk' user, you might want to skip it on the first reading. @@ -5501,8 +5506,9 @@ regular expression describes the contents of each field. In the case of CSV data as presented here, each field is either "anything that is not a comma," or "a double quote, anything that is not -a double quote, and a closing double quote." If written as a regular -expression constant (*note Regexp::), we would have +a double quote, and a closing double quote." (There are more +complicated definitions of CSV data, treated shortly.) If written as a +regular expression constant (*note Regexp::), we would have '/([^,]+)|("[^"]+")/'. Writing this as a string requires us to escape the double quotes, leading to: @@ -5543,12 +5549,6 @@ would be to remove the quotes when they occur, with something like this: $i = substr($i, 2, len - 2) # Get text within the two quotes } - As with 'FS', the 'IGNORECASE' variable (*note User-modified::) -affects field splitting with 'FPAT'. - - Assigning a value to 'FPAT' overrides field splitting with 'FS' and -with 'FIELDWIDTHS'. - NOTE: Some programs export CSV data that contains embedded newlines between the double quotes. 'gawk' provides no way to deal with this. Even though a formal specification for CSV data exists, @@ -5562,6 +5562,12 @@ contain at least one character. A straightforward modification FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")" + As with 'FS', the 'IGNORECASE' variable (*note User-modified::) +affects field splitting with 'FPAT'. + + Assigning a value to 'FPAT' overrides field splitting with 'FS' and +with 'FIELDWIDTHS'. + Finally, the 'patsplit()' function makes the same functionality available for splitting regular strings (*note String Functions::). @@ -5572,6 +5578,58 @@ years. RFC 4180 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt) standardizes the most common practices. +File: gawk.info, Node: More CSV, Up: Splitting By Content + +4.7.1 More on CSV Files +----------------------- + +Manuel Collado notes that in addition to commas, a CSV field can also +contains quotes, that have to be escaped by doubling them. The +previously described regexps fail to accept quoted fields with both +commas and quotes inside. He suggests that the simplest 'FPAT' +expression that recognizes this kind of fields is +'/([^,]*)|("([^"]|"")+")/'. He provides the following imput data test +these variants: + + p,"q,r",s + p,"q""r",s + p,"q,""r",s + p,"",s + p,,s + +And here is his test program: + + BEGIN { + fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")" + fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")" + fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")" + FPAT = fp[fpat+0] + } + + { + print "<" $0 ">" + printf("NF = %s ", NF) + for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) { + printf("<%s>", $i) + } + print "" + } + + When run on the third variant, it produces: + + $ gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv + -| <p,"q,r",s> + -| NF = 3 <p><"q,r"><s> + -| <p,"q""r",s> + -| NF = 3 <p><"q""r"><s> + -| <p,"q,""r",s> + -| NF = 3 <p><"q,""r"><s> + -| <p,"",s> + -| NF = 3 <p><""><s> + -| <p,,s> + -| NF = 3 <p><><s> + + File: gawk.info, Node: Testing field creation, Next: Multiple Line, Prev: Splitting By Content, Up: Reading Files 4.8 Checking How 'gawk' Is Splitting Records @@ -34147,7 +34205,7 @@ Index * adding, features to gawk: Adding Code. (line 6) * advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 6) * advanced features, specifying field content: Splitting By Content. - (line 9) + (line 13) * advanced features, gawk: Advanced Features. (line 6) * advanced features, nondecimal input data: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * advanced features, processes, communicating with: Two-way I/O. @@ -35455,7 +35513,7 @@ Index * forward slash (/), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94) * forward slash (/), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24) * FPAT variable: Splitting By Content. - (line 25) + (line 29) * FPAT variable <1>: User-modified. (line 46) * frame debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 27) * Free Documentation License (FDL): GNU Free Documentation License. @@ -35565,7 +35623,7 @@ Index * gawk, RT variable in <1>: gawk split records. (line 58) * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in: Fixed width data. (line 17) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. - (line 25) + (line 29) * gawk, splitting fields and: Testing field creation. (line 6) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 139) @@ -37254,599 +37312,600 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1200 -Node: Foreword344344 -Node: Foreword448786 -Node: Preface50318 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-153177 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-253286 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-353520 -Node: History53662 -Node: Names56014 -Ref: Names-Footnote-157118 -Node: This Manual57265 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-163904 -Node: Conventions64004 -Node: Manual History66373 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169370 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269411 -Node: How To Contribute69485 -Node: Acknowledgments70411 -Node: Getting Started75348 -Node: Running gawk77787 -Node: One-shot78977 -Node: Read Terminal80240 -Node: Long82233 -Node: Executable Scripts83746 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186379 -Node: Comments86482 -Node: Quoting88966 -Node: DOS Quoting94492 -Node: Sample Data Files96548 -Node: Very Simple99143 -Node: Two Rules104045 -Node: More Complex105930 -Node: Statements/Lines108796 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1113280 -Node: Other Features113545 -Node: When114481 -Ref: When-Footnote-1116235 -Node: Intro Summary116300 -Node: Invoking Gawk117184 -Node: Command Line118698 -Node: Options119496 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1137165 -Ref: Options-Footnote-2137396 -Node: Other Arguments137421 -Node: Naming Standard Input140728 -Node: Environment Variables141938 -Node: AWKPATH Variable142496 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1145908 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2145942 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable146313 -Ref: AWKLIBPATH Variable-Footnote-1148010 -Node: Other Environment Variables148385 -Node: Exit Status152206 -Node: Include Files152883 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries156573 -Node: Obsolete158001 -Node: Undocumented158693 -Node: Invoking Summary158990 -Node: Regexp161831 -Node: Regexp Usage163285 -Node: Escape Sequences165322 -Node: Regexp Operators171563 -Node: Regexp Operator Details172048 -Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1178480 -Node: Interval Expressions178627 -Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1180048 -Node: Bracket Expressions180146 -Ref: table-char-classes182622 -Node: Leftmost Longest185948 -Node: Computed Regexps187251 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators190678 -Node: Case-sensitivity194415 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1197281 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2197516 -Node: Regexp Summary197624 -Node: Reading Files199090 -Node: Records201359 -Node: awk split records202434 -Node: gawk split records207709 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1212442 -Node: Fields212479 -Node: Nonconstant Fields215220 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1217456 -Node: Changing Fields217660 -Node: Field Separators223691 -Node: Default Field Splitting226389 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting227507 -Node: Single Character Fields230860 -Node: Command Line Field Separator231920 -Node: Full Line Fields235138 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1236660 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2236706 -Node: Field Splitting Summary236807 -Node: Constant Size238881 -Node: Fixed width data239613 -Node: Skipping intervening243080 -Node: Allowing trailing data243878 -Node: Fields with fixed data244915 -Node: Splitting By Content246433 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1250083 -Node: Testing field creation250246 -Node: Multiple Line251871 -Node: Getline258148 -Node: Plain Getline260617 -Node: Getline/Variable263190 -Node: Getline/File264341 -Node: Getline/Variable/File265729 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1267334 -Node: Getline/Pipe267422 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe270126 -Node: Getline/Coprocess271261 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess272528 -Node: Getline Notes273270 -Node: Getline Summary276067 -Ref: table-getline-variants276491 -Node: Read Timeout277239 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1281145 -Node: Retrying Input281203 -Node: Command-line directories282402 -Node: Input Summary283308 -Node: Input Exercises286480 -Node: Printing286914 -Node: Print288748 -Node: Print Examples290205 -Node: Output Separators292985 -Node: OFMT295002 -Node: Printf296358 -Node: Basic Printf297143 -Node: Control Letters298717 -Node: Format Modifiers303881 -Node: Printf Examples309896 -Node: Redirection312382 -Node: Special FD319223 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1322391 -Node: Special Files322465 -Node: Other Inherited Files323082 -Node: Special Network324083 -Node: Special Caveats324943 -Node: Close Files And Pipes325892 -Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values332799 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1333612 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2333760 -Node: Nonfatal333912 -Node: Output Summary336250 -Node: Output Exercises337472 -Node: Expressions338151 -Node: Values339339 -Node: Constants340017 -Node: Scalar Constants340708 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1343232 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers343482 -Node: Regexp Constants346483 -Node: Using Constant Regexps347009 -Node: Standard Regexp Constants347631 -Node: Strong Regexp Constants350819 -Node: Variables353777 -Node: Using Variables354434 -Node: Assignment Options356344 -Node: Conversion358815 -Node: Strings And Numbers359339 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1362402 -Node: Locale influences conversions362511 -Ref: table-locale-affects365269 -Node: All Operators365887 -Node: Arithmetic Ops366516 -Node: Concatenation369022 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1371869 -Node: Assignment Ops371976 -Ref: table-assign-ops376967 -Node: Increment Ops378280 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions381740 -Node: Truth Values382814 -Node: Typing and Comparison383862 -Node: Variable Typing384682 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1391145 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2391217 -Node: Comparison Operators391294 -Ref: table-relational-ops391713 -Node: POSIX String Comparison395208 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1396903 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2397042 -Node: Boolean Ops397126 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1401608 -Node: Conditional Exp401700 -Node: Function Calls403436 -Node: Precedence407313 -Node: Locales410972 -Node: Expressions Summary412604 -Node: Patterns and Actions415177 -Node: Pattern Overview416297 -Node: Regexp Patterns417974 -Node: Expression Patterns418516 -Node: Ranges422297 -Node: BEGIN/END425405 -Node: Using BEGIN/END426166 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1428902 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END429008 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE431322 -Node: Empty434235 -Node: Using Shell Variables434552 -Node: Action Overview436826 -Node: Statements439151 -Node: If Statement440999 -Node: While Statement442494 -Node: Do Statement444522 -Node: For Statement445670 -Node: Switch Statement448841 -Node: Break Statement451227 -Node: Continue Statement453319 -Node: Next Statement455146 -Node: Nextfile Statement457529 -Node: Exit Statement460181 -Node: Built-in Variables462584 -Node: User-modified463717 -Node: Auto-set471484 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1488291 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2488497 -Node: ARGC and ARGV488553 -Node: Pattern Action Summary492766 -Node: Arrays495196 -Node: Array Basics496525 -Node: Array Intro497369 -Ref: figure-array-elements499344 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1502048 -Node: Reference to Elements502176 -Node: Assigning Elements504640 -Node: Array Example505131 -Node: Scanning an Array506890 -Node: Controlling Scanning509912 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1516368 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts516684 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts518868 -Node: Delete520487 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1523239 -Node: Multidimensional523296 -Node: Multiscanning526391 -Node: Arrays of Arrays527982 -Node: Arrays Summary532750 -Node: Functions534843 -Node: Built-in535881 -Node: Calling Built-in536962 -Node: Numeric Functions538958 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1542986 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2543634 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3543682 -Node: String Functions543954 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1568138 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2568266 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3568514 -Node: Gory Details568601 -Ref: table-sub-escapes570392 -Ref: table-sub-proposed571911 -Ref: table-posix-sub573274 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes574815 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1575638 -Node: I/O Functions575792 -Ref: table-system-return-values582260 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1584340 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2584488 -Node: Time Functions584608 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1595279 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2595347 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3595505 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4595616 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5595728 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6595955 -Node: Bitwise Functions596221 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops596815 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1602878 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2603051 -Node: Type Functions603242 -Node: I18N Functions606105 -Node: User-defined607756 -Node: Definition Syntax608568 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1614255 -Node: Function Example614326 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1617248 -Node: Function Calling617270 -Node: Calling A Function617858 -Node: Variable Scope618816 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference621810 -Node: Function Caveats624454 -Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1626501 -Node: Return Statement626621 -Node: Dynamic Typing629600 -Node: Indirect Calls630530 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1640782 -Node: Functions Summary640910 -Node: Library Functions643615 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1647222 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2647365 -Node: Library Names647536 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1651203 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2651426 -Node: General Functions651512 -Node: Strtonum Function652615 -Node: Assert Function655637 -Node: Round Function658963 -Node: Cliff Random Function660503 -Node: Ordinal Functions661519 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1664582 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2664834 -Node: Join Function665044 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1666814 -Node: Getlocaltime Function667014 -Node: Readfile Function670756 -Node: Shell Quoting672733 -Node: Data File Management674134 -Node: Filetrans Function674766 -Node: Rewind Function678862 -Node: File Checking680771 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1682105 -Node: Empty Files682306 -Node: Ignoring Assigns684285 -Node: Getopt Function685835 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1701047 -Node: Passwd Functions701247 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1710086 -Node: Group Functions710174 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1718072 -Node: Walking Arrays718279 -Node: Library Functions Summary721287 -Node: Library Exercises722693 -Node: Sample Programs723158 -Node: Running Examples723928 -Node: Clones724656 -Node: Cut Program725880 -Node: Egrep Program735809 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1743321 -Node: Id Program743431 -Node: Split Program747111 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1750569 -Node: Tee Program750698 -Node: Uniq Program753488 -Node: Wc Program761109 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1765364 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs765458 -Node: Dupword Program766671 -Node: Alarm Program768701 -Node: Translate Program773556 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1778121 -Node: Labels Program778391 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1781742 -Node: Word Sorting781826 -Node: History Sorting785898 -Node: Extract Program788123 -Node: Simple Sed796177 -Node: Igawk Program799251 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1813582 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2813784 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3813906 -Node: Anagram Program814021 -Node: Signature Program817083 -Node: Programs Summary818330 -Node: Programs Exercises819544 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1823673 -Node: Advanced Features823764 -Node: Nondecimal Data825754 -Node: Array Sorting827345 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal828045 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1836413 -Node: Array Sorting Functions836531 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1841622 -Node: Two-way I/O841818 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1849539 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2849726 -Node: TCP/IP Networking849808 -Node: Profiling852926 -Node: Advanced Features Summary861941 -Node: Internationalization863785 -Node: I18N and L10N865265 -Node: Explaining gettext865952 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1871844 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2872029 -Node: Programmer i18n872194 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1877143 -Node: Translator i18n877192 -Node: String Extraction877986 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1879118 -Node: Printf Ordering879204 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1881990 -Node: I18N Portability882054 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1884510 -Node: I18N Example884573 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1887848 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2887921 -Node: Gawk I18N888030 -Node: I18N Summary888679 -Node: Debugger890020 -Node: Debugging891020 -Node: Debugging Concepts891461 -Node: Debugging Terms893270 -Node: Awk Debugging895845 -Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1896790 -Node: Sample Debugging Session896922 -Node: Debugger Invocation897456 -Node: Finding The Bug898842 -Node: List of Debugger Commands905316 -Node: Breakpoint Control906649 -Node: Debugger Execution Control910343 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data913705 -Node: Execution Stack917246 -Node: Debugger Info918883 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands922954 -Node: Readline Support928016 -Node: Limitations928912 -Node: Debugging Summary931466 -Node: Namespaces932745 -Node: Global Namespace933856 -Node: Qualified Names935254 -Node: Default Namespace936253 -Node: Changing The Namespace936994 -Node: Naming Rules938608 -Node: Internal Name Management940456 -Node: Namespace Example941498 -Node: Namespace And Features944060 -Node: Namespace Summary945495 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic946972 -Node: Computer Arithmetic948459 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges952225 -Ref: table-floating-point-ranges952718 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1953376 -Node: Math Definitions953433 -Ref: table-ieee-formats956749 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1957352 -Node: MPFR features957457 -Node: FP Math Caution959175 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1960247 -Node: Inexactness of computations960616 -Node: Inexact representation961576 -Node: Comparing FP Values962936 -Node: Errors accumulate964177 -Node: Getting Accuracy965610 -Node: Try To Round968320 -Node: Setting precision969219 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings969916 -Node: Setting the rounding mode971746 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes972120 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1976051 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers976230 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1979405 -Node: Checking for MPFR979554 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems981028 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1985313 -Node: Floating point summary985351 -Node: Dynamic Extensions987541 -Node: Extension Intro989094 -Node: Plugin License990360 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline991157 -Ref: figure-load-extension991596 -Ref: figure-register-new-function993161 -Ref: figure-call-new-function994253 -Node: Extension API Description996315 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction997957 -Ref: table-api-std-headers999793 -Node: General Data Types1003658 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11012019 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions1012318 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11016528 -Node: Constructor Functions1016627 -Node: Registration Functions1020213 -Node: Extension Functions1020898 -Node: Exit Callback Functions1026220 -Node: Extension Version String1027470 -Node: Input Parsers1028133 -Node: Output Wrappers1040854 -Node: Two-way processors1045366 -Node: Printing Messages1047631 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11048802 -Node: Updating ERRNO1048955 -Node: Requesting Values1049694 -Ref: table-value-types-returned1050431 -Node: Accessing Parameters1051367 -Node: Symbol Table Access1052602 -Node: Symbol table by name1053114 -Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11056138 -Node: Symbol table by cookie1056266 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11060451 -Node: Cached values1060515 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11064051 -Node: Array Manipulation1064204 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11065295 -Node: Array Data Types1065332 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11067990 -Node: Array Functions1068082 -Node: Flattening Arrays1072580 -Node: Creating Arrays1079556 -Node: Redirection API1084323 -Node: Extension API Variables1087156 -Node: Extension Versioning1087867 -Ref: gawk-api-version1088296 -Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1090027 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables1091655 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate1092728 -Node: Changes from API V11096702 -Node: Finding Extensions1098274 -Node: Extension Example1098833 -Node: Internal File Description1099631 -Node: Internal File Ops1103711 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11115061 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1115201 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11117584 -Node: Extension Samples1117858 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1119387 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1127036 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1128523 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1129741 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1133366 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1134202 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1135091 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1136158 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1136747 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1137487 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1139429 -Node: Extension Sample Time1140524 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1142276 -Node: gawkextlib1142768 -Node: Extension summary1145686 -Node: Extension Exercises1149388 -Node: Language History1150630 -Node: V7/SVR3.11152286 -Node: SVR41154438 -Node: POSIX1155872 -Node: BTL1157253 -Node: POSIX/GNU1157982 -Node: Feature History1163760 -Node: Common Extensions1180079 -Node: Ranges and Locales1181362 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11185978 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21186005 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31186240 -Node: Contributors1186463 -Node: History summary1192460 -Node: Installation1193840 -Node: Gawk Distribution1194784 -Node: Getting1195268 -Node: Extracting1196231 -Node: Distribution contents1197869 -Node: Unix Installation1204349 -Node: Quick Installation1205031 -Node: Shell Startup Files1207445 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1208534 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1210849 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1213218 -Node: PC Installation1213678 -Node: PC Binary Installation1214516 -Node: PC Compiling1214951 -Node: PC Using1216068 -Node: Cygwin1219621 -Node: MSYS1220845 -Node: VMS Installation1221447 -Node: VMS Compilation1222238 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11223467 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1223525 -Node: VMS Installation Details1225210 -Node: VMS Running1227463 -Node: VMS GNV1231742 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1232477 -Node: Bugs1232948 -Node: Bug address1233611 -Node: Usenet1236593 -Node: Maintainers1237597 -Node: Other Versions1238782 -Node: Installation summary1245870 -Node: Notes1247079 -Node: Compatibility Mode1247873 -Node: Additions1248655 -Node: Accessing The Source1249580 -Node: Adding Code1251017 -Node: New Ports1257236 -Node: Derived Files1261611 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11267271 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21267306 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31267904 -Node: Future Extensions1268018 -Node: Implementation Limitations1268676 -Node: Extension Design1269859 -Node: Old Extension Problems1271003 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11272521 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1272578 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11275942 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1276131 -Node: Extension Future Growth1278244 -Node: Notes summary1278850 -Node: Basic Concepts1280008 -Node: Basic High Level1280689 -Ref: figure-general-flow1280971 -Ref: figure-process-flow1281656 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11284957 -Node: Basic Data Typing1285142 -Node: Glossary1288470 -Node: Copying1320355 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1357898 -Node: Index1383018 +Node: Foreword344403 +Node: Foreword448845 +Node: Preface50377 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-153236 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-253345 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-353579 +Node: History53721 +Node: Names56073 +Ref: Names-Footnote-157177 +Node: This Manual57324 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-163963 +Node: Conventions64063 +Node: Manual History66432 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169429 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269470 +Node: How To Contribute69544 +Node: Acknowledgments70470 +Node: Getting Started75407 +Node: Running gawk77846 +Node: One-shot79036 +Node: Read Terminal80299 +Node: Long82292 +Node: Executable Scripts83805 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186438 +Node: Comments86541 +Node: Quoting89025 +Node: DOS Quoting94551 +Node: Sample Data Files96607 +Node: Very Simple99202 +Node: Two Rules104104 +Node: More Complex105989 +Node: Statements/Lines108855 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1113339 +Node: Other Features113604 +Node: When114540 +Ref: When-Footnote-1116294 +Node: Intro Summary116359 +Node: Invoking Gawk117243 +Node: Command Line118757 +Node: Options119555 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1137224 +Ref: Options-Footnote-2137455 +Node: Other Arguments137480 +Node: Naming Standard Input140787 +Node: Environment Variables141997 +Node: AWKPATH Variable142555 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1145967 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2146001 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable146372 +Ref: AWKLIBPATH Variable-Footnote-1148069 +Node: Other Environment Variables148444 +Node: Exit Status152265 +Node: Include Files152942 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries156632 +Node: Obsolete158060 +Node: Undocumented158752 +Node: Invoking Summary159049 +Node: Regexp161890 +Node: Regexp Usage163344 +Node: Escape Sequences165381 +Node: Regexp Operators171622 +Node: Regexp Operator Details172107 +Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1178539 +Node: Interval Expressions178686 +Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1180107 +Node: Bracket Expressions180205 +Ref: table-char-classes182681 +Node: Leftmost Longest186007 +Node: Computed Regexps187310 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators190737 +Node: Case-sensitivity194474 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1197340 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2197575 +Node: Regexp Summary197683 +Node: Reading Files199149 +Node: Records201418 +Node: awk split records202493 +Node: gawk split records207768 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1212501 +Node: Fields212538 +Node: Nonconstant Fields215279 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1217515 +Node: Changing Fields217719 +Node: Field Separators223750 +Node: Default Field Splitting226448 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting227566 +Node: Single Character Fields230919 +Node: Command Line Field Separator231979 +Node: Full Line Fields235197 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1236719 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2236765 +Node: Field Splitting Summary236866 +Node: Constant Size238940 +Node: Fixed width data239672 +Node: Skipping intervening243139 +Node: Allowing trailing data243937 +Node: Fields with fixed data244974 +Node: Splitting By Content246492 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1250275 +Node: More CSV250438 +Node: Testing field creation251746 +Node: Multiple Line253371 +Node: Getline259648 +Node: Plain Getline262117 +Node: Getline/Variable264690 +Node: Getline/File265841 +Node: Getline/Variable/File267229 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1268834 +Node: Getline/Pipe268922 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe271626 +Node: Getline/Coprocess272761 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess274028 +Node: Getline Notes274770 +Node: Getline Summary277567 +Ref: table-getline-variants277991 +Node: Read Timeout278739 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1282645 +Node: Retrying Input282703 +Node: Command-line directories283902 +Node: Input Summary284808 +Node: Input Exercises287980 +Node: Printing288414 +Node: Print290248 +Node: Print Examples291705 +Node: Output Separators294485 +Node: OFMT296502 +Node: Printf297858 +Node: Basic Printf298643 +Node: Control Letters300217 +Node: Format Modifiers305381 +Node: Printf Examples311396 +Node: Redirection313882 +Node: Special FD320723 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1323891 +Node: Special Files323965 +Node: Other Inherited Files324582 +Node: Special Network325583 +Node: Special Caveats326443 +Node: Close Files And Pipes327392 +Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values334299 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1335112 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2335260 +Node: Nonfatal335412 +Node: Output Summary337750 +Node: Output Exercises338972 +Node: Expressions339651 +Node: Values340839 +Node: Constants341517 +Node: Scalar Constants342208 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1344732 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers344982 +Node: Regexp Constants347983 +Node: Using Constant Regexps348509 +Node: Standard Regexp Constants349131 +Node: Strong Regexp Constants352319 +Node: Variables355277 +Node: Using Variables355934 +Node: Assignment Options357844 +Node: Conversion360315 +Node: Strings And Numbers360839 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1363902 +Node: Locale influences conversions364011 +Ref: table-locale-affects366769 +Node: All Operators367387 +Node: Arithmetic Ops368016 +Node: Concatenation370522 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1373369 +Node: Assignment Ops373476 +Ref: table-assign-ops378467 +Node: Increment Ops379780 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions383240 +Node: Truth Values384314 +Node: Typing and Comparison385362 +Node: Variable Typing386182 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1392645 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2392717 +Node: Comparison Operators392794 +Ref: table-relational-ops393213 +Node: POSIX String Comparison396708 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1398403 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2398542 +Node: Boolean Ops398626 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1403108 +Node: Conditional Exp403200 +Node: Function Calls404936 +Node: Precedence408813 +Node: Locales412472 +Node: Expressions Summary414104 +Node: Patterns and Actions416677 +Node: Pattern Overview417797 +Node: Regexp Patterns419474 +Node: Expression Patterns420016 +Node: Ranges423797 +Node: BEGIN/END426905 +Node: Using BEGIN/END427666 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1430402 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END430508 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE432822 +Node: Empty435735 +Node: Using Shell Variables436052 +Node: Action Overview438326 +Node: Statements440651 +Node: If Statement442499 +Node: While Statement443994 +Node: Do Statement446022 +Node: For Statement447170 +Node: Switch Statement450341 +Node: Break Statement452727 +Node: Continue Statement454819 +Node: Next Statement456646 +Node: Nextfile Statement459029 +Node: Exit Statement461681 +Node: Built-in Variables464084 +Node: User-modified465217 +Node: Auto-set472984 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1489791 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2489997 +Node: ARGC and ARGV490053 +Node: Pattern Action Summary494266 +Node: Arrays496696 +Node: Array Basics498025 +Node: Array Intro498869 +Ref: figure-array-elements500844 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1503548 +Node: Reference to Elements503676 +Node: Assigning Elements506140 +Node: Array Example506631 +Node: Scanning an Array508390 +Node: Controlling Scanning511412 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1517868 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts518184 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts520368 +Node: Delete521987 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1524739 +Node: Multidimensional524796 +Node: Multiscanning527891 +Node: Arrays of Arrays529482 +Node: Arrays Summary534250 +Node: Functions536343 +Node: Built-in537381 +Node: Calling Built-in538462 +Node: Numeric Functions540458 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1544486 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2545134 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3545182 +Node: String Functions545454 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1569638 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2569766 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3570014 +Node: Gory Details570101 +Ref: table-sub-escapes571892 +Ref: table-sub-proposed573411 +Ref: table-posix-sub574774 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes576315 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1577138 +Node: I/O Functions577292 +Ref: table-system-return-values583760 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1585840 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2585988 +Node: Time Functions586108 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1596779 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2596847 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3597005 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4597116 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5597228 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6597455 +Node: Bitwise Functions597721 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops598315 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1604378 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2604551 +Node: Type Functions604742 +Node: I18N Functions607605 +Node: User-defined609256 +Node: Definition Syntax610068 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1615755 +Node: Function Example615826 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1618748 +Node: Function Calling618770 +Node: Calling A Function619358 +Node: Variable Scope620316 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference623310 +Node: Function Caveats625954 +Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1628001 +Node: Return Statement628121 +Node: Dynamic Typing631100 +Node: Indirect Calls632030 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1642282 +Node: Functions Summary642410 +Node: Library Functions645115 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1648722 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2648865 +Node: Library Names649036 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1652703 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2652926 +Node: General Functions653012 +Node: Strtonum Function654115 +Node: Assert Function657137 +Node: Round Function660463 +Node: Cliff Random Function662003 +Node: Ordinal Functions663019 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1666082 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2666334 +Node: Join Function666544 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1668314 +Node: Getlocaltime Function668514 +Node: Readfile Function672256 +Node: Shell Quoting674233 +Node: Data File Management675634 +Node: Filetrans Function676266 +Node: Rewind Function680362 +Node: File Checking682271 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1683605 +Node: Empty Files683806 +Node: Ignoring Assigns685785 +Node: Getopt Function687335 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1702547 +Node: Passwd Functions702747 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1711586 +Node: Group Functions711674 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1719572 +Node: Walking Arrays719779 +Node: Library Functions Summary722787 +Node: Library Exercises724193 +Node: Sample Programs724658 +Node: Running Examples725428 +Node: Clones726156 +Node: Cut Program727380 +Node: Egrep Program737309 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1744821 +Node: Id Program744931 +Node: Split Program748611 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1752069 +Node: Tee Program752198 +Node: Uniq Program754988 +Node: Wc Program762609 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1766864 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs766958 +Node: Dupword Program768171 +Node: Alarm Program770201 +Node: Translate Program775056 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1779621 +Node: Labels Program779891 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1783242 +Node: Word Sorting783326 +Node: History Sorting787398 +Node: Extract Program789623 +Node: Simple Sed797677 +Node: Igawk Program800751 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1815082 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2815284 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3815406 +Node: Anagram Program815521 +Node: Signature Program818583 +Node: Programs Summary819830 +Node: Programs Exercises821044 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1825173 +Node: Advanced Features825264 +Node: Nondecimal Data827254 +Node: Array Sorting828845 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal829545 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1837913 +Node: Array Sorting Functions838031 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1843122 +Node: Two-way I/O843318 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1851039 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2851226 +Node: TCP/IP Networking851308 +Node: Profiling854426 +Node: Advanced Features Summary863441 +Node: Internationalization865285 +Node: I18N and L10N866765 +Node: Explaining gettext867452 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1873344 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2873529 +Node: Programmer i18n873694 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1878643 +Node: Translator i18n878692 +Node: String Extraction879486 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1880618 +Node: Printf Ordering880704 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1883490 +Node: I18N Portability883554 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1886010 +Node: I18N Example886073 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1889348 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2889421 +Node: Gawk I18N889530 +Node: I18N Summary890179 +Node: Debugger891520 +Node: Debugging892520 +Node: Debugging Concepts892961 +Node: Debugging Terms894770 +Node: Awk Debugging897345 +Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1898290 +Node: Sample Debugging Session898422 +Node: Debugger Invocation898956 +Node: Finding The Bug900342 +Node: List of Debugger Commands906816 +Node: Breakpoint Control908149 +Node: Debugger Execution Control911843 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data915205 +Node: Execution Stack918746 +Node: Debugger Info920383 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands924454 +Node: Readline Support929516 +Node: Limitations930412 +Node: Debugging Summary932966 +Node: Namespaces934245 +Node: Global Namespace935356 +Node: Qualified Names936754 +Node: Default Namespace937753 +Node: Changing The Namespace938494 +Node: Naming Rules940108 +Node: Internal Name Management941956 +Node: Namespace Example942998 +Node: Namespace And Features945560 +Node: Namespace Summary946995 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic948472 +Node: Computer Arithmetic949959 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges953725 +Ref: table-floating-point-ranges954218 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1954876 +Node: Math Definitions954933 +Ref: table-ieee-formats958249 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1958852 +Node: MPFR features958957 +Node: FP Math Caution960675 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1961747 +Node: Inexactness of computations962116 +Node: Inexact representation963076 +Node: Comparing FP Values964436 +Node: Errors accumulate965677 +Node: Getting Accuracy967110 +Node: Try To Round969820 +Node: Setting precision970719 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings971416 +Node: Setting the rounding mode973246 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes973620 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1977551 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers977730 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1980905 +Node: Checking for MPFR981054 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems982528 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1986813 +Node: Floating point summary986851 +Node: Dynamic Extensions989041 +Node: Extension Intro990594 +Node: Plugin License991860 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline992657 +Ref: figure-load-extension993096 +Ref: figure-register-new-function994661 +Ref: figure-call-new-function995753 +Node: Extension API Description997815 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction999457 +Ref: table-api-std-headers1001293 +Node: General Data Types1005158 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11013519 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions1013818 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11018028 +Node: Constructor Functions1018127 +Node: Registration Functions1021713 +Node: Extension Functions1022398 +Node: Exit Callback Functions1027720 +Node: Extension Version String1028970 +Node: Input Parsers1029633 +Node: Output Wrappers1042354 +Node: Two-way processors1046866 +Node: Printing Messages1049131 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11050302 +Node: Updating ERRNO1050455 +Node: Requesting Values1051194 +Ref: table-value-types-returned1051931 +Node: Accessing Parameters1052867 +Node: Symbol Table Access1054102 +Node: Symbol table by name1054614 +Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11057638 +Node: Symbol table by cookie1057766 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11061951 +Node: Cached values1062015 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11065551 +Node: Array Manipulation1065704 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11066795 +Node: Array Data Types1066832 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11069490 +Node: Array Functions1069582 +Node: Flattening Arrays1074080 +Node: Creating Arrays1081056 +Node: Redirection API1085823 +Node: Extension API Variables1088656 +Node: Extension Versioning1089367 +Ref: gawk-api-version1089796 +Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1091527 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1093155 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1094228 +Node: Changes from API V11098202 +Node: Finding Extensions1099774 +Node: Extension Example1100333 +Node: Internal File Description1101131 +Node: Internal File Ops1105211 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11116561 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1116701 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11119084 +Node: Extension Samples1119358 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1120887 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1128536 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1130023 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1131241 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1134866 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1135702 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1136591 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1137658 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1138247 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1138987 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1140929 +Node: Extension Sample Time1142024 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1143776 +Node: gawkextlib1144268 +Node: Extension summary1147186 +Node: Extension Exercises1150888 +Node: Language History1152130 +Node: V7/SVR3.11153786 +Node: SVR41155938 +Node: POSIX1157372 +Node: BTL1158753 +Node: POSIX/GNU1159482 +Node: Feature History1165260 +Node: Common Extensions1181579 +Node: Ranges and Locales1182862 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11187478 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21187505 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31187740 +Node: Contributors1187963 +Node: History summary1193960 +Node: Installation1195340 +Node: Gawk Distribution1196284 +Node: Getting1196768 +Node: Extracting1197731 +Node: Distribution contents1199369 +Node: Unix Installation1205849 +Node: Quick Installation1206531 +Node: Shell Startup Files1208945 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1210034 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1212349 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1214718 +Node: PC Installation1215178 +Node: PC Binary Installation1216016 +Node: PC Compiling1216451 +Node: PC Using1217568 +Node: Cygwin1221121 +Node: MSYS1222345 +Node: VMS Installation1222947 +Node: VMS Compilation1223738 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11224967 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1225025 +Node: VMS Installation Details1226710 +Node: VMS Running1228963 +Node: VMS GNV1233242 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1233977 +Node: Bugs1234448 +Node: Bug address1235111 +Node: Usenet1238093 +Node: Maintainers1239097 +Node: Other Versions1240282 +Node: Installation summary1247370 +Node: Notes1248579 +Node: Compatibility Mode1249373 +Node: Additions1250155 +Node: Accessing The Source1251080 +Node: Adding Code1252517 +Node: New Ports1258736 +Node: Derived Files1263111 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11268771 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21268806 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31269404 +Node: Future Extensions1269518 +Node: Implementation Limitations1270176 +Node: Extension Design1271359 +Node: Old Extension Problems1272503 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11274021 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1274078 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11277442 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1277631 +Node: Extension Future Growth1279744 +Node: Notes summary1280350 +Node: Basic Concepts1281508 +Node: Basic High Level1282189 +Ref: figure-general-flow1282471 +Ref: figure-process-flow1283156 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11286457 +Node: Basic Data Typing1286642 +Node: Glossary1289970 +Node: Copying1321855 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1359398 +Node: Index1384518 End Tag Table |