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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 771 |
1 files changed, 347 insertions, 424 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 238df1dc..25e9409d 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -12267,24 +12267,6 @@ brackets ([ ]): truncated toward zero. For example, 'int(3)' is 3, 'int(3.9)' is 3, 'int(-3.9)' is -3, and 'int(-3)' is -3 as well. -'intdiv(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' - Perform integer division, similar to the standard C 'div()' - function. First, truncate 'numerator' and 'denominator' towards - zero, creating integer values. Clear the 'result' array, and then - set 'result["quotient"]' to the result of 'numerator / - denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set - 'result["remainder"]' to the result of 'numerator % denominator', - truncated towards zero to an integer. Attempting division by zero - causes a fatal error. The function returns zero upon success, and - -1 upon error. - - This function is primarily intended for use with arbitrary length - integers; it avoids creating MPFR arbitrary precision - floating-point values (*note Arbitrary Precision Integers::). - - This function is a 'gawk' extension. It is not available in - compatibility mode (*note Options::). - 'log(X)' Return the natural logarithm of X, if X is positive; otherwise, return 'NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally, @@ -23081,59 +23063,7 @@ the following: When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either '/' or '%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point value -(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In order to -do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision integers, use -the built-in 'intdiv()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). - - You can simulate the 'intdiv()' function in standard 'awk' using this -user-defined function: - - # intdiv --- do integer division - - function intdiv(numerator, denominator, result) - { - split("", result) - - numerator = int(numerator) - denominator = int(denominator) - result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) - result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) - - return 0.0 - } - - The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses -'intdiv()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose -to set: - - # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi - - BEGIN { - digits = 100000 - two = 2 * 10 ^ digits - pi = two - for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { - d = m * 2 + 1 - x = pi * m - intdiv(x, d, result) - pi = result["quotient"] - pi = pi + two - } - print pi - } - - When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: - - It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's - Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take a - look at lines (23) - (25) here: - <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html>. - - The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works - from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP - calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory - devices with smallish word sizes. See - <http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899>. +(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -27408,9 +27338,6 @@ current version of 'gawk'. - The 'bindtextdomain()', 'dcgettext()', and 'dcngettext()' functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::) - - The 'intdiv()' function for doing integer division and - remainder (*note Numeric Functions::) - * Changes and/or additions in the command-line options: - The 'AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path @@ -27873,8 +27800,6 @@ POSIX 'awk', in the order they were added to 'gawk'. * The 'igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed when 'gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::. - * The 'intdiv()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::. - * The maximum number of hexadecimal digits in '\x' escapes is now two. *Note Escape Sequences::. @@ -34274,8 +34199,6 @@ Index * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90) * int: Numeric Functions. (line 24) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* intdiv: Numeric Functions. (line 29) -* intdiv <1>: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -34425,9 +34348,9 @@ Index * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -34890,12 +34813,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 52) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 34) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 52) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 82) + (line 34) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 64) @@ -35073,7 +34996,7 @@ Index * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22) * sed utility <1>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility <2>: Glossary. (line 16) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 82) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 9) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines. (line 90) @@ -35177,8 +35100,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 93) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 93) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 75) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 75) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -35228,10 +35151,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 116) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 96) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 96) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 100) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 78) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 82) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard: Manual History. (line 6) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Acknowledgments. (line 18) @@ -35791,340 +35714,340 @@ Node: Functions516532 Node: Built-in517570 Node: Calling Built-in518651 Node: Numeric Functions520647 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1525592 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2525949 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3525997 -Node: String Functions526269 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1549927 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2550055 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3550303 -Node: Gory Details550390 -Ref: table-sub-escapes552181 -Ref: table-sub-proposed553700 -Ref: table-posix-sub555063 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes556604 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1557427 -Node: I/O Functions557581 -Ref: table-system-return-values564163 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1566143 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2566291 -Node: Time Functions566411 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1577078 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2577146 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3577304 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4577415 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5577527 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6577754 -Node: Bitwise Functions578020 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops578614 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1584647 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2584820 -Node: Type Functions585011 -Node: I18N Functions587686 -Node: User-defined589337 -Node: Definition Syntax590142 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1595829 -Node: Function Example595900 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1598822 -Node: Function Caveats598844 -Node: Calling A Function599362 -Node: Variable Scope600320 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference603314 -Node: Return Statement606813 -Node: Dynamic Typing609792 -Node: Indirect Calls610722 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1620973 -Node: Functions Summary621101 -Node: Library Functions623806 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1627413 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2627556 -Node: Library Names627727 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1631187 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2631410 -Node: General Functions631496 -Node: Strtonum Function632599 -Node: Assert Function635621 -Node: Round Function638947 -Node: Cliff Random 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+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1626496 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2626639 +Node: Library Names626810 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1630270 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2630493 +Node: General Functions630579 +Node: Strtonum Function631682 +Node: Assert Function634704 +Node: Round Function638030 +Node: Cliff Random Function639571 +Node: Ordinal Functions640587 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1643650 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2643902 +Node: Join Function644112 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1645882 +Node: Getlocaltime Function646082 +Node: Readfile Function649824 +Node: Shell Quoting651796 +Node: Data File Management653197 +Node: Filetrans Function653829 +Node: Rewind Function657925 +Node: File Checking659831 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1661165 +Node: Empty Files661366 +Node: Ignoring Assigns663345 +Node: Getopt Function664895 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1676364 +Node: Passwd Functions676564 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1685403 +Node: Group Functions685491 +Ref: Group 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+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1914152 +Node: MPFR features914257 +Node: FP Math Caution915974 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1917046 +Node: Inexactness of computations917415 +Node: Inexact representation918375 +Node: Comparing FP Values919735 +Node: Errors accumulate920817 +Node: Getting Accuracy922250 +Node: Try To Round924960 +Node: Setting precision925859 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings926556 +Node: Setting the rounding mode928386 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes928760 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1932168 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers932347 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1935534 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems935683 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1939565 +Node: Floating point summary939603 +Node: Dynamic Extensions941793 +Node: Extension Intro943346 +Node: Plugin License944612 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline945409 +Ref: figure-load-extension945848 +Ref: figure-register-new-function947413 +Ref: figure-call-new-function948505 +Node: Extension API Description950567 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction952209 +Node: General Data Types957543 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1964748 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions965047 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1967892 +Node: Constructor Functions967991 +Node: Registration Functions970990 +Node: Extension Functions971675 +Node: Exit Callback Functions976888 +Node: Extension Version String978138 +Node: Input Parsers978801 +Node: Output Wrappers991508 +Node: Two-way processors996020 +Node: Printing Messages998285 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1999456 +Node: Updating ERRNO999609 +Node: Requesting Values1000348 +Ref: table-value-types-returned1001085 +Node: Accessing Parameters1002021 +Node: Symbol Table Access1003256 +Node: Symbol table by name1003768 +Node: Symbol table by cookie1005557 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11009742 +Node: Cached values1009806 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11013342 +Node: Array Manipulation1013433 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11014524 +Node: Array Data Types1014561 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11017219 +Node: Array Functions1017311 +Node: Flattening Arrays1021710 +Node: Creating Arrays1028651 +Node: Redirection API1033420 +Node: Extension API Variables1036262 +Node: Extension Versioning1036895 +Ref: gawk-api-version1037332 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1039060 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1040124 +Node: Changes from API V11043986 +Node: Finding Extensions1044646 +Node: Extension Example1045205 +Node: Internal File Description1046003 +Node: Internal File Ops1050083 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11061483 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1061623 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11064006 +Node: Extension Samples1064280 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1065809 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1073458 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1074945 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1076163 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1079373 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1080209 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1081098 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1081903 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1082492 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1083232 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1085174 +Node: Extension Sample Time1086269 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1087617 +Node: gawkextlib1088109 +Node: Extension summary1090556 +Node: Extension Exercises1094258 +Node: Language History1095756 +Node: V7/SVR3.11097412 +Node: SVR41099564 +Node: POSIX1100998 +Node: BTL1102377 +Node: POSIX/GNU1103106 +Node: Feature History1108884 +Node: Common Extensions1123195 +Node: Ranges and Locales1124478 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11129094 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21129121 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31129356 +Node: Contributors1129577 +Node: History summary1135137 +Node: Installation1136517 +Node: Gawk Distribution1137461 +Node: Getting1137945 +Node: Extracting1138906 +Node: Distribution contents1140544 +Node: Unix Installation1146886 +Node: Quick Installation1147568 +Node: Shell Startup Files1149982 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1151071 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1152876 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1155245 +Node: PC Installation1155705 +Node: PC Binary Installation1156543 +Node: PC Compiling1156978 +Node: PC Using1158095 +Node: Cygwin1161140 +Node: MSYS1161910 +Node: VMS Installation1162411 +Node: VMS Compilation1163202 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11164431 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1164489 +Node: VMS Installation Details1166174 +Node: VMS Running1168427 +Node: VMS GNV1172706 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1173441 +Node: Bugs1173912 +Node: Bug address1174575 +Node: Usenet1176972 +Node: Maintainers1177749 +Node: Other Versions1179125 +Node: Installation summary1185709 +Node: Notes1186744 +Node: Compatibility Mode1187609 +Node: Additions1188391 +Node: Accessing The Source1189316 +Node: Adding Code1190751 +Node: New Ports1196969 +Node: Derived Files1201457 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11206942 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21206977 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31207575 +Node: Future Extensions1207689 +Node: Implementation Limitations1208347 +Node: Extension Design1209530 +Node: Old Extension Problems1210684 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11212202 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1212259 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11215623 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1215812 +Node: Extension Future Growth1217925 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1218761 +Node: Notes summary1220524 +Node: Basic Concepts1221706 +Node: Basic High Level1222387 +Ref: figure-general-flow1222669 +Ref: figure-process-flow1223354 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11226655 +Node: Basic Data Typing1226840 +Node: Glossary1230168 +Node: Copying1262115 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1299654 +Node: Index1324772 End Tag Table |