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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 921 |
1 files changed, 463 insertions, 458 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 6523199c..351d0d44 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -4083,18 +4083,23 @@ use for `RS' in this case: BEGIN { RS = "\0" } # whole file becomes one record? `gawk' in fact accepts this, and uses the NUL character for the -record separator. However, this usage is _not_ portable to other `awk' -implementations. +record separator. However, this usage is _not_ portable to most other +`awk' implementations. - All other `awk' implementations(1) store strings internally as -C-style strings. C strings use the NUL character as the string + Almost all other `awk' implementations(1) store strings internally +as C-style strings. C strings use the NUL character as the string terminator. In effect, this means that `RS = "\0"' is the same as `RS = ""'. (d.c.) + It happens that recent versions of `mawk' can use the NUL character +as a record separator. However, this is a special case: `mawk' does not +allow embedded NUL characters in strings. + The best way to treat a whole file as a single record is to simply read the file in, one record at a time, concatenating each record onto the end of the previous ones. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) At least that we know about. @@ -7171,7 +7176,7 @@ decimal point when reading the `awk' program source code, and for command-line variable assignments (*note Other Arguments::). However, when interpreting input data, for `print' and `printf' output, and for number to string conversion, the local decimal point character is used. -(d.c.). Here are some examples indicating the difference in behavior, +(d.c.) Here are some examples indicating the difference in behavior, on a GNU/Linux system: $ export POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 Force POSIX behavior @@ -31141,7 +31146,7 @@ Index * files, /inet/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet4/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet6/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) -* files, as single records: Records. (line 200) +* files, as single records: Records. (line 204) * files, awk programs in: Long. (line 6) * files, awkprof.out: Profiling. (line 6) * files, awkvars.out: Options. (line 93) @@ -32151,7 +32156,7 @@ Index * records, printing: Print. (line 22) * records, splitting input into: Records. (line 6) * records, terminating: Records. (line 117) -* records, treating files as: Records. (line 200) +* records, treating files as: Records. (line 204) * recursive functions: Definition Syntax. (line 73) * redirection of input: Getline/File. (line 6) * redirection of output: Redirection. (line 6) @@ -32802,456 +32807,456 @@ Node: Leftmost Longest171273 Node: Computed Regexps172474 Node: Reading Files175811 Node: Records177813 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1186702 -Node: Fields186739 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1189772 -Node: Nonconstant Fields189858 -Node: Changing Fields192060 -Node: Field Separators198019 -Node: Default Field Splitting200721 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting201838 -Node: Single Character Fields205180 -Node: Command Line Field Separator206239 -Node: Full Line Fields209673 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210181 -Node: Field Splitting Summary210227 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213326 -Node: Constant Size213427 -Node: Splitting By Content218034 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221783 -Node: Multiple Line221823 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1227670 -Node: Getline227849 -Node: Plain Getline230065 -Node: Getline/Variable232160 -Node: Getline/File233307 -Node: Getline/Variable/File234648 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236247 -Node: Getline/Pipe236334 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239033 -Node: Getline/Coprocess240140 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241392 -Node: Getline Notes242129 -Node: Getline Summary244916 -Ref: table-getline-variants245324 -Node: Read Timeout246236 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1249977 -Node: Command line directories250034 -Node: Printing250664 -Node: Print252295 -Node: Print Examples253632 -Node: Output Separators256416 -Node: OFMT258176 -Node: Printf259534 -Node: Basic Printf260440 -Node: Control Letters261979 -Node: Format Modifiers265791 -Node: Printf Examples271800 -Node: Redirection274515 -Node: Special Files281480 -Node: Special FD282013 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1285638 -Node: Special Network285712 -Node: Special Caveats286562 -Node: Close Files And Pipes287358 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1294341 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2294489 -Node: Expressions294639 -Node: Values295771 -Node: Constants296447 -Node: Scalar Constants297127 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1297986 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers298168 -Node: Regexp Constants301168 -Node: Using Constant Regexps301643 -Node: Variables304698 -Node: Using Variables305353 -Node: Assignment Options307077 -Node: Conversion308949 -Ref: table-locale-affects314450 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315074 -Node: All Operators315183 -Node: Arithmetic Ops315813 -Node: Concatenation318318 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321110 -Node: Assignment Ops321230 -Ref: table-assign-ops326218 -Node: Increment Ops327549 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions330983 -Node: Truth Values332066 -Node: Typing and Comparison333115 -Node: Variable Typing333908 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1337805 -Node: Comparison Operators337927 -Ref: table-relational-ops338337 -Node: POSIX String Comparison341885 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1342841 -Node: Boolean Ops342979 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347057 -Node: Conditional Exp347148 -Node: Function Calls348880 -Node: Precedence352474 -Node: Locales356143 -Node: Patterns and Actions357232 -Node: Pattern Overview358286 -Node: Regexp Patterns359955 -Node: Expression Patterns360498 -Node: Ranges364183 -Node: BEGIN/END367149 -Node: Using BEGIN/END367911 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370642 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END370748 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373030 -Node: Empty375944 -Node: Using Shell Variables376260 -Node: Action Overview378545 -Node: Statements380902 -Node: If Statement382756 -Node: While Statement384255 -Node: Do Statement386299 -Node: For Statement387455 -Node: Switch Statement390607 -Node: Break Statement392704 -Node: Continue Statement394694 -Node: Next Statement396487 -Node: Nextfile Statement398877 -Node: Exit Statement401520 -Node: Built-in Variables403936 -Node: User-modified405031 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413389 -Node: Auto-set413451 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1426529 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2426734 -Node: ARGC and ARGV426790 -Node: Arrays430641 -Node: Array Basics432146 -Node: Array Intro432972 -Node: Reference to Elements437289 -Node: Assigning Elements439559 -Node: Array Example440050 -Node: Scanning an Array441782 -Node: Controlling Scanning444096 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449183 -Node: Delete449499 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1452264 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts452321 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts454504 -Node: Multidimensional456131 -Node: Multiscanning459224 -Node: Arrays of Arrays460813 -Node: Functions465453 -Node: Built-in466272 -Node: Calling Built-in467350 -Node: Numeric Functions469338 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473170 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2473527 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473575 -Node: String Functions473844 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1496764 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2496893 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497141 -Node: Gory Details497228 -Ref: table-sub-escapes498907 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92500261 -Ref: table-sub-proposed501612 -Ref: table-posix-sub502966 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes504511 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1505687 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2505738 -Node: I/O Functions505889 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1512874 -Node: Time Functions513021 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1523954 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524022 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524180 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524291 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524403 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6524630 -Node: Bitwise Functions524896 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops525458 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1529679 -Node: Type Functions529863 -Node: I18N Functions531014 -Node: User-defined532641 -Node: Definition Syntax533445 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1538355 -Node: Function Example538424 -Node: Function Caveats541018 -Node: Calling A Function541439 -Node: Variable Scope542554 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference545517 -Node: Return Statement549025 -Node: Dynamic Typing552006 -Node: Indirect Calls552937 -Node: Library Functions562622 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566135 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566278 -Node: Library Names566449 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1569920 -Ref: Library 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Data805655 -Node: Execution Stack809011 -Node: Debugger Info810478 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands814460 -Node: Readline Support819636 -Node: Limitations820467 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic822719 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1824368 -Node: General Arithmetic824516 -Node: Floating Point Issues826236 -Node: String Conversion Precision827117 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1828822 -Node: Unexpected Results828931 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems831084 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1834909 -Node: Integer Programming834947 -Node: Floating-point Programming836686 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1843017 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-2843287 -Node: Floating-point Representation843551 -Node: Floating-point Context844716 -Ref: table-ieee-formats845555 -Node: Rounding Mode846939 -Ref: table-rounding-modes847418 -Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1850433 -Node: Gawk and MPFR850612 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats851867 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1854310 -Node: Setting Precision854626 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings855312 -Node: Setting Rounding Mode857457 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes857861 -Node: Floating-point Constants859048 -Node: Changing Precision860477 -Ref: Changing Precision-Footnote-1861874 -Node: Exact Arithmetic862048 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers865186 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1868204 -Node: Dynamic Extensions868351 -Node: Extension Intro869809 -Node: Plugin License871074 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline871759 -Ref: load-extension872176 -Ref: load-new-function873654 -Ref: call-new-function874649 -Node: Extension API Description876664 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction877877 -Node: General Data Types882743 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1888345 -Node: Requesting Values888644 -Ref: table-value-types-returned889375 -Node: Constructor Functions890329 -Node: Registration Functions893349 -Node: Extension Functions894034 -Node: Exit Callback Functions896259 -Node: Extension Version String897508 -Node: Input Parsers898158 -Node: Output Wrappers907915 -Node: Two-way processors912425 -Node: Printing Messages914633 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1915710 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'915862 -Node: Accessing Parameters916601 -Node: Symbol Table Access917831 -Node: Symbol table by name918343 -Node: Symbol table by cookie920090 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1924220 -Node: Cached values924283 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1927732 -Node: Array Manipulation927823 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1928921 -Node: Array Data Types928960 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1931663 -Node: Array Functions931755 -Node: Flattening Arrays935521 -Node: Creating Arrays942373 -Node: Extension API Variables947098 -Node: Extension Versioning947734 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables949635 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate950721 -Node: Finding Extensions954525 -Node: Extension Example955085 -Node: Internal File Description955815 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Fields190057 +Node: Changing Fields192259 +Node: Field Separators198218 +Node: Default Field Splitting200920 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting202037 +Node: Single Character Fields205379 +Node: Command Line Field Separator206438 +Node: Full Line Fields209872 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210380 +Node: Field Splitting Summary210426 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213525 +Node: Constant Size213626 +Node: Splitting By Content218233 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221982 +Node: Multiple Line222022 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1227869 +Node: Getline228048 +Node: Plain Getline230264 +Node: Getline/Variable232359 +Node: Getline/File233506 +Node: Getline/Variable/File234847 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236446 +Node: Getline/Pipe236533 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239232 +Node: Getline/Coprocess240339 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241591 +Node: Getline Notes242328 +Node: Getline Summary245115 +Ref: table-getline-variants245523 +Node: Read Timeout246435 +Ref: Read 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Conversion-Footnote-1315272 +Node: All Operators315381 +Node: Arithmetic Ops316011 +Node: Concatenation318516 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321308 +Node: Assignment Ops321428 +Ref: table-assign-ops326416 +Node: Increment Ops327747 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions331181 +Node: Truth Values332264 +Node: Typing and Comparison333313 +Node: Variable Typing334106 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338003 +Node: Comparison Operators338125 +Ref: table-relational-ops338535 +Node: POSIX String Comparison342083 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343039 +Node: Boolean Ops343177 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347255 +Node: Conditional Exp347346 +Node: Function Calls349078 +Node: Precedence352672 +Node: Locales356341 +Node: Patterns and Actions357430 +Node: Pattern Overview358484 +Node: Regexp Patterns360153 +Node: Expression Patterns360696 +Node: Ranges364381 +Node: BEGIN/END367347 +Node: Using BEGIN/END368109 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370840 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END370946 +Node: 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Uninitialized Subscripts454702 +Node: Multidimensional456329 +Node: Multiscanning459422 +Node: Arrays of Arrays461011 +Node: Functions465651 +Node: Built-in466470 +Node: Calling Built-in467548 +Node: Numeric Functions469536 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473368 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2473725 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473773 +Node: String Functions474042 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1496962 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497091 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497339 +Node: Gory Details497426 +Ref: table-sub-escapes499105 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92500459 +Ref: table-sub-proposed501810 +Ref: table-posix-sub503164 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes504709 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1505885 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2505936 +Node: I/O Functions506087 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513072 +Node: Time Functions513219 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524152 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524220 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524378 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524489 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524601 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6524828 +Node: Bitwise Functions525094 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops525656 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1529877 +Node: Type Functions530061 +Node: I18N Functions531212 +Node: User-defined532839 +Node: Definition Syntax533643 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1538553 +Node: Function Example538622 +Node: Function Caveats541216 +Node: Calling A Function541637 +Node: Variable Scope542752 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference545715 +Node: Return Statement549223 +Node: Dynamic Typing552204 +Node: Indirect Calls553135 +Node: Library Functions562820 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566333 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566476 +Node: Library Names566647 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570118 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2570338 +Node: General Functions570424 +Node: Strtonum Function571452 +Node: Assert Function574382 +Node: Round Function577708 +Node: Cliff Random Function579251 +Node: Ordinal Functions580267 +Ref: Ordinal 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Extension Samples974371 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions975895 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch984380 +Node: Extension Sample Fork986106 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace987324 +Node: Extension Sample Ord989102 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir989938 +Node: Extension Sample Revout991470 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way992063 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array992753 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile994636 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests995454 +Node: Extension Sample Time995979 +Node: gawkextlib997343 +Node: Language History1000124 +Node: V7/SVR3.11001717 +Node: SVR41004037 +Node: POSIX1005479 +Node: BTL1006865 +Node: POSIX/GNU1007599 +Node: Feature History1013198 +Node: Common Extensions1026162 +Node: Ranges and Locales1027474 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11032092 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21032119 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31032379 +Node: Contributors1032600 +Node: Installation1037745 +Node: Gawk Distribution1038639 +Node: Getting1039123 +Node: Extracting1039949 +Node: Distribution contents1041641 +Node: Unix Installation1047346 +Node: Quick Installation1047963 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1050407 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1052143 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1054497 +Node: PC Installation1054955 +Node: PC Binary Installation1056254 +Node: PC Compiling1058102 +Node: PC Testing1061046 +Node: PC Using1062222 +Node: Cygwin1066407 +Node: MSYS1067407 +Node: VMS Installation1067921 +Node: VMS Compilation1068685 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11070300 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1070358 +Node: VMS Installation Details1071731 +Node: VMS Running1073978 +Node: VMS GNV1076812 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1077535 +Node: Bugs1078005 +Node: Other Versions1081923 +Node: Notes1088007 +Node: Compatibility Mode1088807 +Node: Additions1089590 +Node: Accessing The Source1090517 +Node: Adding Code1091957 +Node: New Ports1098002 +Node: Derived Files1102137 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11107458 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21107492 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31108092 +Node: Future Extensions1108190 +Node: Implementation Limitations1108773 +Node: Extension Design1110025 +Node: Old Extension Problems1111179 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11112687 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1112744 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11116109 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1116295 +Node: Extension Future Growth1118401 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1119237 +Node: Basic Concepts1120977 +Node: Basic High Level1121658 +Ref: figure-general-flow1121929 +Ref: figure-process-flow1122528 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11125757 +Node: Basic Data Typing1125942 +Node: Glossary1129297 +Node: Copying1154759 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1192316 +Node: Index1217453 End Tag Table |