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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 830 |
1 files changed, 424 insertions, 406 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 1766ab94..973af87c 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -8615,18 +8615,18 @@ Constant Regexps::, where this is discussed in more detail. File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX String Comparison, Prev: Comparison Operators, Up: Typing and Comparison -6.3.2.3 String Comparison with POSIX Rules -.......................................... +6.3.2.3 String Comparison Based on Locale Collating Order +......................................................... -The POSIX standard says that string comparison is performed based on the -locale's "collating order". This is the order in which characters sort, -as defined by the locale (for more discussion, *note Locales::). This -order is usually very different from the results obtained when doing -straight character-by-character comparison.(1) +The POSIX standard used to say that all string comparisons are performed +based on the locale's "collating order". This is the order in which +characters sort, as defined by the locale (for more discussion, *note +Locales::). This order is usually very different from the results +obtained when doing straight byte-by-byte comparison.(1) Because this behavior differs considerably from existing practice, -'gawk' only implements it when in POSIX mode (*note Options::). Here is -an example to illustrate the difference, in an 'en_US.UTF-8' locale: +'gawk' only implemented it when in POSIX mode (*note Options::). Here +is an example to illustrate the difference, in an 'en_US.UTF-8' locale: $ gawk 'BEGIN { printf("ABC < abc = %s\n", > ("ABC" < "abc" ? "TRUE" : "FALSE")) }' @@ -8635,11 +8635,28 @@ an example to illustrate the difference, in an 'en_US.UTF-8' locale: > ("ABC" < "abc" ? "TRUE" : "FALSE")) }' -| ABC < abc = FALSE + Fortunately, as of August 2016, comparison based on locale collating +order is no longer required for the '==' and '!=' operators.(2) +However, comparison based on locales is still required for '<', '<=', +'>', and '>='. POSIX thus recommends as follows: + + Since the '==' operator checks whether strings are identical, not + whether they collate equally, applications needing to check whether + strings collate equally can use: + + a <= b && a >= b + + As of version 4.2, 'gawk' continues to use locale collating order for +'<', '<=', '>', and '>=' only in POSIX mode. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) Technically, string comparison is supposed to behave the same way as if the strings were compared with the C 'strcoll()' function. + (2) See the Austin Group website +(http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1070). + File: gawk.info, Node: Boolean Ops, Next: Conditional Exp, Prev: Typing and Comparison, Up: Truth Values and Conditions @@ -27603,7 +27620,7 @@ ranges, such that outside the '"C"' and '"POSIX"' locales, the meaning of range expressions was _undefined_.(3) By using this lovely technical term, the standard gives license to -implementors to implement ranges in whatever way they choose. The +implementers to implement ranges in whatever way they choose. The 'gawk' maintainer chose to apply the pre-POSIX meaning both with the default regexp matching and when '--traditional' or '--posix' are used. In all cases 'gawk' remains POSIX-compliant. @@ -35427,401 +35444,402 @@ Node: Variable Typing364779 Node: Comparison Operators368403 Ref: table-relational-ops368822 Node: POSIX String Comparison372317 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1373391 -Node: Boolean Ops373530 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1378012 -Node: Conditional Exp378104 -Node: Function Calls379840 -Node: Precedence383717 -Node: Locales387376 -Node: Expressions Summary389008 -Node: Patterns and Actions391581 -Node: Pattern Overview392701 -Node: Regexp Patterns394378 -Node: Expression Patterns394920 -Node: Ranges398701 -Node: BEGIN/END401809 -Node: Using BEGIN/END402570 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1405306 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END405412 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE407726 -Node: Empty410633 -Node: Using Shell Variables410950 -Node: Action Overview413224 -Node: Statements415549 -Node: If Statement417397 -Node: While Statement418892 -Node: Do Statement420920 -Node: For Statement422068 -Node: Switch Statement425226 -Node: Break Statement427612 -Node: Continue Statement429704 -Node: Next Statement431531 -Node: Nextfile Statement433914 -Node: Exit Statement436566 -Node: Built-in Variables438969 -Node: User-modified440102 -Node: Auto-set447688 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1462341 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2462547 -Node: ARGC and ARGV462603 -Node: Pattern Action Summary466816 -Node: Arrays469246 -Node: Array Basics470575 -Node: Array Intro471419 -Ref: figure-array-elements473394 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1476098 -Node: Reference to Elements476226 -Node: Assigning Elements478690 -Node: Array Example479181 -Node: Scanning an Array480940 -Node: Controlling Scanning483962 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1489361 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts489677 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts491861 -Node: Delete493480 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1496232 -Node: Multidimensional496289 -Node: Multiscanning499384 -Node: Arrays of Arrays500975 -Node: Arrays Summary505742 -Node: Functions507835 -Node: Built-in508873 -Node: Calling Built-in509954 -Node: Numeric Functions511950 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1516783 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2517140 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3517188 -Node: String Functions517460 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1540964 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2541092 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3541340 -Node: Gory Details541427 -Ref: table-sub-escapes543218 -Ref: table-sub-proposed544737 -Ref: table-posix-sub546100 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes547641 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1548464 -Node: I/O Functions548618 -Ref: table-system-return-values555200 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1557180 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2557328 -Node: Time Functions557448 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1567953 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2568021 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3568179 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4568290 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5568402 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6568629 -Node: Bitwise Functions568895 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops569489 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1573827 -Node: Type Functions574000 -Node: I18N Functions576532 -Node: User-defined578183 -Node: Definition Syntax578988 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1584675 -Node: Function Example584746 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1587668 -Node: Function Caveats587690 -Node: Calling A Function588208 -Node: Variable Scope589166 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference592160 -Node: Return Statement595659 -Node: Dynamic Typing598638 -Node: Indirect Calls599568 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1609819 -Node: Functions Summary609947 -Node: Library Functions612652 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1616259 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2616402 -Node: Library Names616573 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1620033 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2620256 -Node: General Functions620342 -Node: Strtonum Function621445 -Node: Assert Function624467 -Node: Round Function627793 -Node: Cliff Random Function629334 -Node: Ordinal Functions630350 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1633413 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2633665 -Node: Join Function633875 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1635645 -Node: Getlocaltime Function635845 -Node: Readfile Function639587 -Node: Shell Quoting641559 -Node: Data File Management642960 -Node: Filetrans Function643592 -Node: Rewind Function647688 -Node: File Checking649594 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1650928 -Node: Empty Files651129 -Node: Ignoring Assigns653108 -Node: Getopt Function654658 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1666127 -Node: Passwd Functions666327 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1675166 -Node: Group Functions675254 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1683151 -Node: Walking Arrays683358 -Node: Library Functions Summary686366 -Node: Library Exercises687772 -Node: Sample Programs688237 -Node: Running Examples689007 -Node: Clones689735 -Node: Cut Program690959 -Node: Egrep Program700888 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1708400 -Node: Id Program708510 -Node: Split Program712190 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1715649 -Node: Tee Program715778 -Node: Uniq Program718568 -Node: Wc Program725994 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1730249 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs730343 -Node: Dupword Program731556 -Node: Alarm Program733586 -Node: Translate Program738441 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1743006 -Node: Labels Program743276 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1746627 -Node: Word Sorting746711 -Node: History Sorting750783 -Node: Extract Program752618 -Node: Simple Sed760147 -Node: Igawk Program763221 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1777552 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2777754 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3777876 -Node: Anagram Program777991 -Node: Signature Program781053 -Node: Programs Summary782300 -Node: Programs Exercises783514 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1787643 -Node: Advanced Features787734 -Node: Nondecimal Data789724 -Node: Array Sorting791315 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal792015 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1800382 -Node: Array Sorting Functions800500 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1805591 -Node: Two-way I/O805787 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1812337 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2812524 -Node: TCP/IP Networking812606 -Node: Profiling815724 -Ref: Profiling-Footnote-1824217 -Node: Advanced Features Summary824540 -Node: Internationalization826384 -Node: I18N and L10N827864 -Node: Explaining gettext828551 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1834443 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2834628 -Node: Programmer i18n834793 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1839648 -Node: Translator i18n839697 -Node: String Extraction840491 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1841623 -Node: Printf Ordering841709 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1844495 -Node: I18N Portability844559 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1847015 -Node: I18N Example847078 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1849884 -Node: Gawk I18N849957 -Node: I18N Summary850602 -Node: Debugger851943 -Node: Debugging852965 -Node: Debugging Concepts853406 -Node: Debugging Terms855215 -Node: Awk Debugging857790 -Node: Sample Debugging Session858696 -Node: Debugger Invocation859230 -Node: Finding The Bug860616 -Node: List of Debugger Commands867094 -Node: Breakpoint Control868427 -Node: Debugger Execution Control872121 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data875483 -Node: Execution Stack878857 -Node: Debugger Info880494 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands884565 -Node: Readline Support889653 -Node: Limitations890549 -Ref: Limitations-Footnote-1894780 -Node: Debugging Summary894831 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic896110 -Node: Computer Arithmetic897526 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges901117 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1901839 -Node: Math Definitions901896 -Ref: table-ieee-formats905210 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1905813 -Node: MPFR features905918 -Node: FP Math Caution907635 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1908707 -Node: Inexactness of computations909076 -Node: Inexact representation910036 -Node: Comparing FP Values911396 -Node: Errors accumulate912478 -Node: Getting Accuracy913911 -Node: Try To Round916621 -Node: Setting precision917520 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings918217 -Node: Setting the rounding mode920047 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes920421 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1923829 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers924008 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1928925 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems929074 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1932956 -Node: Floating point summary932994 -Node: Dynamic Extensions935184 -Node: Extension Intro936737 -Node: Plugin License938003 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline938800 -Ref: figure-load-extension939239 -Ref: figure-register-new-function940804 -Ref: figure-call-new-function941896 -Node: Extension API Description943958 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction945490 -Node: General Data Types950349 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1956304 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions956603 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1959448 -Node: Constructor Functions959547 -Node: Registration Functions961292 -Node: Extension Functions961977 -Node: Exit Callback Functions964600 -Node: Extension Version String965850 -Node: Input Parsers966513 -Node: Output Wrappers976395 -Node: Two-way processors980907 -Node: Printing Messages983172 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1984343 -Node: Updating ERRNO984496 -Node: Requesting Values985235 -Ref: table-value-types-returned985972 -Node: Accessing Parameters986855 -Node: Symbol Table Access988090 -Node: Symbol table by name988602 -Node: Symbol table by cookie990623 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1994775 -Node: Cached values994839 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1998346 -Node: Array Manipulation998437 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1999528 -Node: Array Data Types999565 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11002223 -Node: Array Functions1002315 -Node: Flattening Arrays1006173 -Node: Creating Arrays1013081 -Node: Redirection API1017850 -Node: Extension API Variables1020681 -Node: Extension Versioning1021314 -Ref: gawk-api-version1021751 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables1023507 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate1024571 -Node: Finding Extensions1028385 -Node: Extension Example1028944 -Node: Internal File Description1029742 -Node: Internal File Ops1033822 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11045584 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1045724 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11048107 -Node: Extension Samples1048381 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1049910 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1057559 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1059046 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1060264 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1063474 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1064310 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1065199 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1066004 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1066593 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1067333 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1069275 -Node: Extension Sample Time1070370 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1071718 -Node: gawkextlib1072210 -Node: Extension summary1074657 -Node: Extension Exercises1078359 -Node: Language History1079857 -Node: V7/SVR3.11081513 -Node: SVR41083665 -Node: POSIX1085099 -Node: BTL1086478 -Node: POSIX/GNU1087207 -Node: Feature History1093069 -Node: Common Extensions1107439 -Node: Ranges and Locales1108722 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11113338 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21113365 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31113600 -Node: Contributors1113821 -Node: History summary1119381 -Node: Installation1120761 -Node: Gawk Distribution1121705 -Node: Getting1122189 -Node: Extracting1123150 -Node: Distribution contents1124788 -Node: Unix Installation1130882 -Node: Quick Installation1131564 -Node: Shell Startup Files1133978 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1135056 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1136861 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1139230 -Node: PC Installation1139688 -Node: PC Binary Installation1141008 -Node: PC Compiling1142860 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11145654 -Node: PC Testing1145763 -Node: PC Using1146943 -Ref: PC Using-Footnote-11151096 -Node: Cygwin1151169 -Node: MSYS1151939 -Node: VMS Installation1152440 -Node: VMS Compilation1153231 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11154460 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1154518 -Node: VMS Installation Details1156203 -Node: VMS Running1158456 -Node: VMS GNV1162735 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1163470 -Node: Bugs1163941 -Node: Other Versions1168256 -Node: Installation summary1174840 -Node: Notes1175891 -Node: Compatibility Mode1176756 -Node: Additions1177538 -Node: Accessing The Source1178463 -Node: Adding Code1179898 -Node: New Ports1186117 -Node: Derived Files1190605 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11196090 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21196125 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31196723 -Node: Future Extensions1196837 -Node: Implementation Limitations1197495 -Node: Extension Design1198678 -Node: Old Extension Problems1199832 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11201350 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1201407 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11204771 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1204960 -Node: Extension Future Growth1207073 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1207909 -Node: Notes summary1209672 -Node: Basic Concepts1210854 -Node: Basic High Level1211535 -Ref: figure-general-flow1211817 -Ref: figure-process-flow1212502 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11215803 -Node: Basic Data Typing1215988 -Node: Glossary1219316 -Node: Copying1251263 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1288802 -Node: Index1313920 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1374012 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2374151 +Node: Boolean Ops374235 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1378717 +Node: Conditional Exp378809 +Node: Function Calls380545 +Node: Precedence384422 +Node: Locales388081 +Node: Expressions Summary389713 +Node: Patterns and Actions392286 +Node: Pattern Overview393406 +Node: Regexp Patterns395083 +Node: Expression Patterns395625 +Node: Ranges399406 +Node: BEGIN/END402514 +Node: Using BEGIN/END403275 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1406011 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END406117 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE408431 +Node: Empty411338 +Node: Using Shell Variables411655 +Node: Action Overview413929 +Node: Statements416254 +Node: If Statement418102 +Node: While Statement419597 +Node: Do Statement421625 +Node: For Statement422773 +Node: Switch Statement425931 +Node: Break Statement428317 +Node: Continue Statement430409 +Node: Next Statement432236 +Node: Nextfile Statement434619 +Node: Exit Statement437271 +Node: Built-in Variables439674 +Node: User-modified440807 +Node: Auto-set448393 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1463046 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2463252 +Node: ARGC and ARGV463308 +Node: Pattern Action Summary467521 +Node: Arrays469951 +Node: Array Basics471280 +Node: Array Intro472124 +Ref: figure-array-elements474099 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1476803 +Node: Reference to Elements476931 +Node: Assigning Elements479395 +Node: Array Example479886 +Node: Scanning an Array481645 +Node: Controlling Scanning484667 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1490066 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts490382 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts492566 +Node: Delete494185 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1496937 +Node: Multidimensional496994 +Node: Multiscanning500089 +Node: Arrays of Arrays501680 +Node: Arrays Summary506447 +Node: Functions508540 +Node: Built-in509578 +Node: Calling Built-in510659 +Node: Numeric Functions512655 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1517488 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2517845 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3517893 +Node: String Functions518165 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1541669 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2541797 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3542045 +Node: Gory Details542132 +Ref: table-sub-escapes543923 +Ref: table-sub-proposed545442 +Ref: table-posix-sub546805 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes548346 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1549169 +Node: I/O Functions549323 +Ref: table-system-return-values555905 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1557885 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2558033 +Node: Time Functions558153 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1568658 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2568726 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3568884 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4568995 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5569107 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6569334 +Node: Bitwise Functions569600 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops570194 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1574532 +Node: Type Functions574705 +Node: I18N Functions577237 +Node: User-defined578888 +Node: Definition Syntax579693 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1585380 +Node: Function Example585451 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1588373 +Node: Function Caveats588395 +Node: Calling A Function588913 +Node: Variable Scope589871 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference592865 +Node: Return Statement596364 +Node: Dynamic Typing599343 +Node: Indirect Calls600273 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1610524 +Node: Functions Summary610652 +Node: Library Functions613357 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1616964 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2617107 +Node: Library Names617278 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1620738 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2620961 +Node: General Functions621047 +Node: Strtonum Function622150 +Node: Assert Function625172 +Node: Round Function628498 +Node: Cliff Random Function630039 +Node: Ordinal Functions631055 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1634118 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2634370 +Node: Join Function634580 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1636350 +Node: Getlocaltime Function636550 +Node: Readfile Function640292 +Node: Shell Quoting642264 +Node: Data File Management643665 +Node: Filetrans Function644297 +Node: Rewind Function648393 +Node: File Checking650299 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1651633 +Node: Empty Files651834 +Node: Ignoring Assigns653813 +Node: Getopt Function655363 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1666832 +Node: Passwd Functions667032 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1675871 +Node: Group Functions675959 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1683856 +Node: Walking Arrays684063 +Node: Library Functions Summary687071 +Node: Library Exercises688477 +Node: Sample Programs688942 +Node: Running Examples689712 +Node: Clones690440 +Node: Cut Program691664 +Node: Egrep Program701593 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1709105 +Node: Id Program709215 +Node: Split Program712895 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1716354 +Node: Tee Program716483 +Node: Uniq Program719273 +Node: Wc Program726699 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1730954 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs731048 +Node: Dupword Program732261 +Node: Alarm Program734291 +Node: Translate Program739146 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1743711 +Node: Labels Program743981 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1747332 +Node: Word Sorting747416 +Node: History Sorting751488 +Node: Extract Program753323 +Node: Simple Sed760852 +Node: Igawk Program763926 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1778257 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2778459 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3778581 +Node: Anagram Program778696 +Node: Signature Program781758 +Node: Programs Summary783005 +Node: Programs Exercises784219 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1788348 +Node: Advanced Features788439 +Node: Nondecimal Data790429 +Node: Array Sorting792020 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal792720 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1801087 +Node: Array Sorting Functions801205 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1806296 +Node: Two-way I/O806492 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1813042 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2813229 +Node: TCP/IP Networking813311 +Node: Profiling816429 +Ref: Profiling-Footnote-1824922 +Node: Advanced Features Summary825245 +Node: Internationalization827089 +Node: I18N and L10N828569 +Node: Explaining gettext829256 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1835148 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2835333 +Node: Programmer i18n835498 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1840353 +Node: Translator i18n840402 +Node: String Extraction841196 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1842328 +Node: Printf Ordering842414 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1845200 +Node: I18N Portability845264 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1847720 +Node: I18N Example847783 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1850589 +Node: Gawk I18N850662 +Node: I18N Summary851307 +Node: Debugger852648 +Node: Debugging853670 +Node: Debugging Concepts854111 +Node: Debugging Terms855920 +Node: Awk Debugging858495 +Node: Sample Debugging Session859401 +Node: Debugger Invocation859935 +Node: Finding The Bug861321 +Node: List of Debugger Commands867799 +Node: Breakpoint Control869132 +Node: Debugger Execution Control872826 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data876188 +Node: Execution Stack879562 +Node: Debugger Info881199 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands885270 +Node: Readline Support890358 +Node: Limitations891254 +Ref: Limitations-Footnote-1895485 +Node: Debugging Summary895536 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic896815 +Node: Computer Arithmetic898231 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges901822 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1902544 +Node: Math Definitions902601 +Ref: table-ieee-formats905915 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1906518 +Node: MPFR features906623 +Node: FP Math Caution908340 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1909412 +Node: Inexactness of computations909781 +Node: Inexact representation910741 +Node: Comparing FP Values912101 +Node: Errors accumulate913183 +Node: Getting Accuracy914616 +Node: Try To Round917326 +Node: Setting precision918225 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings918922 +Node: Setting the rounding mode920752 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes921126 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1924534 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers924713 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1929630 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems929779 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1933661 +Node: Floating point summary933699 +Node: Dynamic Extensions935889 +Node: Extension Intro937442 +Node: Plugin License938708 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline939505 +Ref: figure-load-extension939944 +Ref: figure-register-new-function941509 +Ref: figure-call-new-function942601 +Node: Extension API Description944663 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction946195 +Node: General Data Types951054 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1957009 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions957308 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1960153 +Node: Constructor Functions960252 +Node: Registration Functions961997 +Node: Extension Functions962682 +Node: Exit Callback Functions965305 +Node: Extension Version String966555 +Node: Input Parsers967218 +Node: Output Wrappers977100 +Node: Two-way processors981612 +Node: Printing Messages983877 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1985048 +Node: Updating ERRNO985201 +Node: Requesting Values985940 +Ref: table-value-types-returned986677 +Node: Accessing Parameters987560 +Node: Symbol Table Access988795 +Node: Symbol table by name989307 +Node: Symbol table by cookie991328 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1995480 +Node: Cached values995544 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1999051 +Node: Array Manipulation999142 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11000233 +Node: Array Data Types1000270 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11002928 +Node: Array Functions1003020 +Node: Flattening Arrays1006878 +Node: Creating Arrays1013786 +Node: Redirection API1018555 +Node: Extension API Variables1021386 +Node: Extension Versioning1022019 +Ref: gawk-api-version1022456 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1024212 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1025276 +Node: Finding Extensions1029090 +Node: Extension Example1029649 +Node: Internal File Description1030447 +Node: Internal File Ops1034527 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11046289 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1046429 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11048812 +Node: Extension Samples1049086 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1050615 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1058264 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1059751 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1060969 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1064179 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1065015 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1065904 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1066709 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1067298 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1068038 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1069980 +Node: Extension Sample Time1071075 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1072423 +Node: gawkextlib1072915 +Node: Extension summary1075362 +Node: Extension Exercises1079064 +Node: Language History1080562 +Node: V7/SVR3.11082218 +Node: SVR41084370 +Node: POSIX1085804 +Node: BTL1087183 +Node: POSIX/GNU1087912 +Node: Feature History1093774 +Node: Common Extensions1108144 +Node: Ranges and Locales1109427 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11114043 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21114070 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31114305 +Node: Contributors1114526 +Node: History summary1120086 +Node: Installation1121466 +Node: Gawk Distribution1122410 +Node: Getting1122894 +Node: Extracting1123855 +Node: Distribution contents1125493 +Node: Unix Installation1131587 +Node: Quick Installation1132269 +Node: Shell Startup Files1134683 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1135761 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1137566 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1139935 +Node: PC Installation1140393 +Node: PC Binary Installation1141713 +Node: PC Compiling1143565 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11146359 +Node: PC Testing1146468 +Node: PC Using1147648 +Ref: PC Using-Footnote-11151801 +Node: Cygwin1151874 +Node: MSYS1152644 +Node: VMS Installation1153145 +Node: VMS Compilation1153936 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11155165 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1155223 +Node: VMS Installation Details1156908 +Node: VMS Running1159161 +Node: VMS GNV1163440 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1164175 +Node: Bugs1164646 +Node: Other Versions1168961 +Node: Installation summary1175545 +Node: Notes1176596 +Node: Compatibility Mode1177461 +Node: Additions1178243 +Node: Accessing The Source1179168 +Node: Adding Code1180603 +Node: New Ports1186822 +Node: Derived Files1191310 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11196795 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21196830 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31197428 +Node: Future Extensions1197542 +Node: Implementation Limitations1198200 +Node: Extension Design1199383 +Node: Old Extension Problems1200537 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11202055 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1202112 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11205476 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1205665 +Node: Extension Future Growth1207778 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1208614 +Node: Notes summary1210377 +Node: Basic Concepts1211559 +Node: Basic High Level1212240 +Ref: figure-general-flow1212522 +Ref: figure-process-flow1213207 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11216508 +Node: Basic Data Typing1216693 +Node: Glossary1220021 +Node: Copying1251968 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1289507 +Node: Index1314625 End Tag Table |