diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | ChangeLog | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | array.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | awk.h | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | awklib/eg/lib/quicksort.awk | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | builtin.c | 4 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | configure | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | configure.ac | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/ChangeLog | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 923 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.texi | 166 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawktexi.in | 166 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gawkapi.c | 117 |
13 files changed, 740 insertions, 672 deletions
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@ +2014-02-27 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> + + Fixes for enum/int mismatches as warned by some compilers. + + * awk.h (ANONE): New enum for array sorting. + * array.c (assoc_list): Use it. + * builtin.c (format_tree): New MP_NONE value. + * gawkapi.c: Use awk_false and awk_true everywhere instead of + false and true. + +2014-02-26 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> + + * configure.ac: Set up do-nothing extension/Makefile on + MirBSD also. + 2014-02-21 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> * dfa.h, dfa.c (parse_bracket_exp): Sync with grep. @@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ assoc_list(NODE *symbol, const char *sort_str, sort_context_t sort_ctxt) INSTRUCTION *code = NULL; extern int currule; int save_rule = 0; - assoc_kind_t assoc_kind = 0; + assoc_kind_t assoc_kind = ANONE; elem_size = 1; @@ -1327,6 +1327,7 @@ if (--val) \ /* array.c */ typedef enum { SORTED_IN = 1, ASORT, ASORTI } sort_context_t; typedef enum { + ANONE = 0x00, /* "unused" value */ AINDEX = 0x001, /* list of indices */ AVALUE = 0x002, /* list of values */ AINUM = 0x004, /* numeric index */ diff --git a/awklib/eg/lib/quicksort.awk b/awklib/eg/lib/quicksort.awk index 7a635d6f..43357ac6 100644 --- a/awklib/eg/lib/quicksort.awk +++ b/awklib/eg/lib/quicksort.awk @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ # quicksort.awk --- Quicksort algorithm, with user-supplied # comparison function # -# Arnold Robbins, arnoldskeeve.com, Public Domain +# Arnold Robbins, arnold@skeeve.com, Public Domain # January 2009 + # quicksort --- C.A.R. Hoare's quick sort algorithm. See Wikipedia # or almost any algorithms or computer science text # diff --git a/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk b/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk index 16b4bdaa..1399411e 100644 --- a/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk +++ b/awklib/eg/prog/cut.awk @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ function set_fieldlist( n, m, i, j, k, f, g) } nfields = j - 1 } -function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, t, +function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, n, m, t, filler, last, len) { field = 1 # count total fields @@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ format_tree( mpz_ptr zi; mpfr_ptr mf; #endif - enum { MP_INT_WITH_PREC = 1, MP_INT_WITHOUT_PREC, MP_FLOAT } fmt_type; + enum { MP_NONE = 0, MP_INT_WITH_PREC = 1, MP_INT_WITHOUT_PREC, MP_FLOAT } fmt_type; static const char sp[] = " "; static const char zero_string[] = "0"; @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ format_tree( mf = NULL; zi = NULL; #endif - fmt_type = 0; + fmt_type = MP_NONE; lj = alt = big_flag = bigbig_flag = small_flag = false; fill = sp; @@ -10068,9 +10068,7 @@ if test "x$enable_extensions" != "xno"; then extensions_supported=no case $host_os in - mirbsd*) - : ;; - openedition*) # OS/390 z/OS POSIX layer + mirbsd* | openedition*) # OS/390 z/OS POSIX layer cat << \EOF > extension/Makefile all dist check clean distclean install uninstall distcheck: @exit 0 diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index ee100054..62edc618 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -290,9 +290,7 @@ if test "x$enable_extensions" != "xno"; then dnl On MirBSD (and probably other systems), don't even try. case $host_os in - mirbsd*) - : ;; - openedition*) # OS/390 z/OS POSIX layer + mirbsd* | openedition*) # OS/390 z/OS POSIX layer cat << \EOF > extension/Makefile all dist check clean distclean install uninstall distcheck: @exit 0 diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog index 52574058..2c3cb257 100644 --- a/doc/ChangeLog +++ b/doc/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,8 @@ +2014-02-27 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> + + * gawktexi.in: Lots of small fixes throughout, update of + profiling output. + 2014-02-20 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> * gawktexi.in: Add a quote to the alarm clock program. diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 5deb6482..10307b39 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -9116,9 +9116,11 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Switch Statement, Next: Break Statement, Prev: For Sta 7.4.5 The `switch' Statement ---------------------------- -The `switch' statement allows the evaluation of an expression and the -execution of statements based on a `case' match. Case statements are -checked for a match in the order they are defined. If no suitable +This minor node describes a `gawk'-specific feature. + + The `switch' statement allows the evaluation of an expression and +the execution of statements based on a `case' match. Case statements +are checked for a match in the order they are defined. If no suitable `case' is found, the `default' section is executed, if supplied. Each `case' contains a single constant, be it numeric, string, or @@ -11978,10 +11980,10 @@ parameters are enclosed in square brackets ([ ]): function--`gawk' also buffers its output and the `fflush()' function forces `gawk' to flush its buffers. - `fflush()' was added to Brian Kernighan's version of `awk' in 1994. - For over two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard. As - of December, 2012, it was accepted for inclusion into the POSIX - standard. See the Austin Group website + `fflush()' was added to Brian Kernighan's version of `awk' in + April of 1992. For two decades, it was not part of the POSIX + standard. As of December, 2012, it was accepted for inclusion + into the POSIX standard. See the Austin Group website (http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=634). POSIX standardizes `fflush()' as follows: If there is no argument, @@ -12698,7 +12700,7 @@ a parameter with the same name as the function itself. In addition, according to the POSIX standard, function parameters cannot have the same name as one of the special built-in variables (*note Built-in Variables::. Not all versions of `awk' enforce this -restriction. +restriction.) The BODY-OF-FUNCTION consists of `awk' statements. It is the most important part of the definition, because it says what the function @@ -12741,8 +12743,8 @@ function. When this happens, we say the function is "recursive". The act of a function calling itself is called "recursion". All the built-in functions return a value to their caller. -User-defined functions can do also, using the `return' statement, which -is described in detail in *note Return Statement::. Many of the +User-defined functions can do so also, using the `return' statement, +which is described in detail in *note Return Statement::. Many of the subsequent examples in this minor node use the `return' statement. In many `awk' implementations, including `gawk', the keyword @@ -12812,7 +12814,8 @@ elements in an array and start over with a new list of elements (*note Delete::). Instead of having to repeat this loop everywhere that you need to clear out an array, your program can just call `delarray'. (This guarantees portability. The use of `delete ARRAY' to delete the -contents of an entire array is a nonstandard extension.) +contents of an entire array is a recent(1) addition to the POSIX +standard.) The following is an example of a recursive function. It takes a string as an input parameter and returns the string in backwards order. @@ -12852,13 +12855,19 @@ an `awk' version of `ctime()': return strftime(format, ts) } + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) Late in 2012. + File: gawk.info, Node: Function Caveats, Next: Return Statement, Prev: Function Example, Up: User-defined 9.2.3 Calling User-Defined Functions ------------------------------------ -This section describes how to call a user-defined function. +"Calling a function" means causing the function to run and do its job. +A function call is an expression and its value is the value returned by +the function. * Menu: @@ -12872,16 +12881,12 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Calling A Function, Next: Variable Scope, Up: Function 9.2.3.1 Writing A Function Call ............................... -"Calling a function" means causing the function to run and do its job. -A function call is an expression and its value is the value returned by -the function. - - A function call consists of the function name followed by the -arguments in parentheses. `awk' expressions are what you write in the -call for the arguments. Each time the call is executed, these -expressions are evaluated, and the values become the actual arguments. -For example, here is a call to `foo()' with three arguments (the first -being a string concatenation): +A function call consists of the function name followed by the arguments +in parentheses. `awk' expressions are what you write in the call for +the arguments. Each time the call is executed, these expressions are +evaluated, and the values become the actual arguments. For example, +here is a call to `foo()' with three arguments (the first being a +string concatenation): foo(x y, "lose", 4 * z) @@ -13276,7 +13281,7 @@ and then a closing right parenthesis, with the addition of a leading `@' character: the_func = "sum" - result = @the_func() # calls the `sum' function + result = @the_func() # calls the sum() function Here is a full program that processes the previously shown data, using indirect function calls. @@ -13427,8 +13432,8 @@ order. Next comes a sorting function. It is parameterized with the starting and ending field numbers and the comparison function. It -builds an array with the data and calls `quicksort' appropriately, and -then formats the results as a single string: +builds an array with the data and calls `quicksort()' appropriately, +and then formats the results as a single string: # do_sort --- sort the data according to `compare' # and return it as a string @@ -13628,7 +13633,7 @@ will be accidentally shared with the user's program. In addition, several of the library functions use a prefix that helps indicate what function or set of functions use the variables--for -example, `_pw_byname' in the user database routines (*note Passwd +example, `_pw_byname()' in the user database routines (*note Passwd Functions::). This convention is recommended, since it even further decreases the chance of inadvertent conflict among variable names. Note that this convention is used equally well for variable names and @@ -13879,9 +13884,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Round Function, Next: Cliff Random Function, Prev: Ass The way `printf' and `sprintf()' (*note Printf::) perform rounding often depends upon the system's C `sprintf()' subroutine. On many -machines, `sprintf()' rounding is "unbiased," which means it doesn't -always round a trailing `.5' up, contrary to naive expectations. In -unbiased rounding, `.5' rounds to even, rather than always up, so 1.5 +machines, `sprintf()' rounding is "unbiased", which means it doesn't +always round a trailing .5 up, contrary to naive expectations. In +unbiased rounding, .5 rounds to even, rather than always up, so 1.5 rounds to 2 but 4.5 rounds to 4. This means that if you are using a format that does rounding (e.g., `"%.0f"'), you should check what your system does. The following function does traditional rounding; it @@ -13915,7 +13920,7 @@ might be useful if your `awk''s `printf' does unbiased rounding: } # test harness - { print $0, round($0) } + # { print $0, round($0) } File: gawk.info, Node: Cliff Random Function, Next: Ordinal Functions, Prev: Round Function, Up: General Functions @@ -13991,8 +13996,8 @@ corresponding character. Both functions are written very nicely in } } - Some explanation of the numbers used by `chr()' is worthwhile. The -most prominent character set in use today is ASCII.(1) Although an + Some explanation of the numbers used by `_ord_init()' is worthwhile. +The most prominent character set in use today is ASCII.(1) Although an 8-bit byte can hold 256 distinct values (from 0 to 255), ASCII only defines characters that use the values from 0 to 127.(2) In the now distant past, at least one minicomputer manufacturer used ASCII, but @@ -14042,7 +14047,7 @@ tests such as used here prohibitively expensive. (2) ASCII has been extended in many countries to use the values from 128 to 255 for country-specific characters. If your system uses these -extensions, you can simplify `_ord_init' to loop from 0 to 255. +extensions, you can simplify `_ord_init()' to loop from 0 to 255. File: gawk.info, Node: Join Function, Next: Getlocaltime Function, Prev: Ordinal Functions, Up: General Functions @@ -14483,7 +14488,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Ignoring Assigns, Prev: Empty Files, Up: Data File Man Occasionally, you might not want `awk' to process command-line variable assignments (*note Assignment Options::). In particular, if you have a -file name that contain an `=' character, `awk' treats the file name as +file name that contains an `=' character, `awk' treats the file name as an assignment, and does not process it. Some users have suggested an additional command-line option for @@ -14979,7 +14984,7 @@ later. The test can only be true for `gawk'. It is false if using `FS' or `FPAT', or on some other `awk' implementation. The code that checks for using `FPAT', using `using_fpat' and -`PROCINFO["FS"]' is similar. +`PROCINFO["FS"]', is similar. The main part of the function uses a loop to read database lines, split the line into fields, and then store the line into each array as @@ -14999,9 +15004,9 @@ create the element with the null string as its value: return _pw_byname[name] } - Similarly, the `getpwuid' function takes a user ID number argument. -If that user number is in the database, it returns the appropriate -line. Otherwise, it returns the null string: + Similarly, the `getpwuid()' function takes a user ID number +argument. If that user number is in the database, it returns the +appropriate line. Otherwise, it returns the null string: function getpwuid(uid) { @@ -15348,8 +15353,8 @@ index and value, use the indirect function call syntax (*note Indirect Calls::) on `process', passing it the index and the value. When calling `walk_array()', you would pass the name of a -user-defined function that expects to receive and index and a value, -and then processes the element. +user-defined function that expects to receive an index and a value, and +then processes the element. File: gawk.info, Node: Sample Programs, Next: Advanced Features, Prev: Library Functions, Up: Top @@ -15610,7 +15615,7 @@ fields to print are `$1', `$3', and `$5'. The intermediate fields are the fields to print, and `t' tracks the complete field list, including filler fields: - function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, t, + function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, n, m, t, filler, last, len) { field = 1 # count total fields @@ -18536,7 +18541,8 @@ regular pipes. ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) This is very different from the same operator in the C shell. + (1) This is very different from the same operator in the C shell and +in Bash. File: gawk.info, Node: TCP/IP Networking, Next: Profiling, Prev: Two-way I/O, Up: Advanced Features @@ -18674,56 +18680,64 @@ First, the `awk' program: junk Here is the `awkprof.out' that results from running the `gawk' -profiler on this program and data (this example also illustrates that -`awk' programmers sometimes have to work late): +profiler on this program and data. (This example also illustrates that +`awk' programmers sometimes get up very early in the morning to work.) - # gawk profile, created Sun Aug 13 00:00:15 2000 + # gawk profile, created Thu Feb 27 05:16:21 2014 - # BEGIN block(s) + # BEGIN block(s) - BEGIN { - 1 print "First BEGIN rule" - 1 print "Second BEGIN rule" - } + BEGIN { + 1 print "First BEGIN rule" + } - # Rule(s) + BEGIN { + 1 print "Second BEGIN rule" + } - 5 /foo/ { # 2 - 2 print "matched /foo/, gosh" - 6 for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) { - 6 sing() - } - } + # Rule(s) - 5 { - 5 if (/foo/) { # 2 - 2 print "if is true" - 3 } else { - 3 print "else is true" - } - } + 5 /foo/ { # 2 + 2 print "matched /foo/, gosh" + 6 for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) { + 6 sing() + } + } - # END block(s) + 5 { + 5 if (/foo/) { # 2 + 2 print "if is true" + 3 } else { + 3 print "else is true" + } + } - END { - 1 print "First END rule" - 1 print "Second END rule" - } + # END block(s) - # Functions, listed alphabetically + END { + 1 print "First END rule" + } - 6 function sing(dummy) - { - 6 print "I gotta be me!" - } + END { + 1 print "Second END rule" + } + + + # Functions, listed alphabetically + + 6 function sing(dummy) + { + 6 print "I gotta be me!" + } This example illustrates many of the basic features of profiling output. They are as follows: - * The program is printed in the order `BEGIN' rule, `BEGINFILE' rule, - pattern/action rules, `ENDFILE' rule, `END' rule and functions, - listed alphabetically. Multiple `BEGIN' and `END' rules are - merged together, as are multiple `BEGINFILE' and `ENDFILE' rules. + * The program is printed in the order `BEGIN' rules, `BEGINFILE' + rules, pattern/action rules, `ENDFILE' rules, `END' rules and + functions, listed alphabetically. Multiple `BEGIN' and `END' + rules retain their separate identities, as do multiple `BEGINFILE' + and `ENDFILE' rules. * Pattern-action rules have two counts. The first count, to the left of the rule, shows how many times the rule's pattern was @@ -18774,8 +18788,7 @@ you typed when you wrote it. This is because `gawk' creates the profiled version by "pretty printing" its internal representation of the program. The advantage to this is that `gawk' can produce a standard representation. The disadvantage is that all source-code -comments are lost, as are the distinctions among multiple `BEGIN', -`END', `BEGINFILE', and `ENDFILE' rules. Also, things such as: +comments are lost. Also, things such as: /foo/ @@ -18834,6 +18847,9 @@ by the `Ctrl-<\>' key. called this way, `gawk' "pretty prints" the program into `awkprof.out', without any execution counts. + NOTE: The `--pretty-print' option still runs your program. This + will change in the next major release. + File: gawk.info, Node: Internationalization, Next: Debugger, Prev: Advanced Features, Up: Top @@ -25681,7 +25697,7 @@ as working in this fashion, and in particular, would teach that the `[A-Z]' was the "correct" way to match uppercase letters. And indeed, this was true.(1) - The 1993 POSIX standard introduced the idea of locales (*note + The 1992 POSIX standard introduced the idea of locales (*note Locales::). Since many locales include other letters besides the plain twenty-six letters of the American English alphabet, the POSIX standard added character classes (*note Bracket Expressions::) as a way to match @@ -29984,7 +30000,7 @@ Index * ' (single quote): One-shot. (line 15) * ' (single quote), vs. apostrophe: Comments. (line 27) * ' (single quote), with double quotes: Quoting. (line 53) -* () (parentheses) <1>: Profiling. (line 138) +* () (parentheses) <1>: Profiling. (line 146) * () (parentheses): Regexp Operators. (line 79) * * (asterisk), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence. (line 55) @@ -30490,7 +30506,7 @@ Index * Boolean expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 41) * Boolean operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * Bourne shell, quoting rules for: Quoting. (line 18) -* braces ({}): Profiling. (line 134) +* braces ({}): Profiling. (line 142) * braces ({}), actions and: Action Overview. (line 19) * braces ({}), statements, grouping: Statements. (line 10) * bracket expressions <1>: Bracket Expressions. (line 6) @@ -30697,7 +30713,7 @@ Index * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) * csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 348) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 44) -* ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 72) +* ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 73) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 103) * custom.h file: Configuration Philosophy. (line 30) @@ -31297,8 +31313,8 @@ Index * functions, undefined: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 71) * functions, user-defined: User-defined. (line 6) -* functions, user-defined, calling: Calling A Function. (line 6) -* functions, user-defined, counts: Profiling. (line 129) +* functions, user-defined, calling: Function Caveats. (line 6) +* functions, user-defined, counts: Profiling. (line 137) * functions, user-defined, library of: Library Functions. (line 6) * functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and <1>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47) @@ -31306,7 +31322,7 @@ Index (line 45) * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 78) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) -* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 172) +* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 12) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 23) @@ -31489,7 +31505,7 @@ Index * hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 207) * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25) * Hughes, Phil: Acknowledgments. (line 43) -* HUP signal: Profiling. (line 204) +* HUP signal: Profiling. (line 211) * hyphen (-), - operator: Precedence. (line 52) * hyphen (-), -- operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) @@ -31565,7 +31581,7 @@ Index * insomnia, cure for: Alarm Program. (line 6) * installation, VMS: VMS Installation. (line 6) * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) -* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) +* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * int() function: Numeric Functions. (line 23) * integer, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. (line 6) @@ -31612,11 +31628,12 @@ Index * Kernighan, Brian <2>: Other Versions. (line 13) * Kernighan, Brian <3>: Contributors. (line 11) * Kernighan, Brian <4>: BTL. (line 6) -* Kernighan, Brian <5>: Concatenation. (line 6) -* Kernighan, Brian <6>: Acknowledgments. (line 72) -* Kernighan, Brian <7>: Conventions. (line 34) +* Kernighan, Brian <5>: Library Functions. (line 12) +* Kernighan, Brian <6>: Concatenation. (line 6) +* Kernighan, Brian <7>: Acknowledgments. (line 72) +* Kernighan, Brian <8>: Conventions. (line 34) * Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17) -* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 181) +* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6) * Knuth, Donald: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic. (line 6) @@ -31713,7 +31730,7 @@ Index * long options: Command Line. (line 13) * loops: While Statement. (line 6) * loops, continue statements and: For Statement. (line 64) -* loops, count for header: Profiling. (line 123) +* loops, count for header: Profiling. (line 131) * loops, exiting: Break Statement. (line 6) * loops, See Also while statement: While Statement. (line 6) * ls utility: More Complex. (line 15) @@ -31921,14 +31938,14 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * P1003.1 POSIX standard: Glossary. (line 462) -* parentheses () <1>: Profiling. (line 138) +* parentheses () <1>: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (): Regexp Operators. (line 79) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) * patsplit() function (gawk): String Functions. (line 290) * patterns: Patterns and Actions. (line 6) * patterns, comparison expressions as: Expression Patterns. (line 14) -* patterns, counts: Profiling. (line 110) +* patterns, counts: Profiling. (line 118) * patterns, default: Very Simple. (line 34) * patterns, empty: Empty. (line 6) * patterns, expressions as: Regexp Patterns. (line 6) @@ -31953,6 +31970,7 @@ Index * pipes, output: Redirection. (line 57) * Pitts, Dave <1>: Bugs. (line 73) * Pitts, Dave: Acknowledgments. (line 60) +* Plauger, P.J.: Library Functions. (line 12) * plus sign (+): Regexp Operators. (line 102) * plus sign (+), + operator: Precedence. (line 52) * plus sign (+), ++ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) @@ -32089,7 +32107,7 @@ Index * PROCINFO array <6>: Auto-set. (line 142) * PROCINFO array: Obsolete. (line 11) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) -* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 172) +* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 179) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programmers, attractiveness of: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. @@ -32125,7 +32143,7 @@ Index * QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 134) * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) +* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * quoting <1>: Comments. (line 27) * quoting <2>: Long. (line 26) * quoting: Read Terminal. (line 25) @@ -32224,7 +32242,7 @@ Index * return statement, user-defined functions: Return Statement. (line 6) * return value, close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 130) -* rev() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 52) +* rev() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 53) * revoutput extension: Extension Sample Revout. (line 11) * revtwoway extension: Extension Sample Rev2way. @@ -32377,14 +32395,14 @@ Index (line 56) * sidebar, Using close()'s Return Value: Close Files And Pipes. (line 128) -* SIGHUP signal: Profiling. (line 204) -* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) -* signals, HUP/SIGHUP: Profiling. (line 204) -* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) -* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) -* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1: Profiling. (line 181) -* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) -* SIGUSR1 signal: Profiling. (line 181) +* SIGHUP signal: Profiling. (line 211) +* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* signals, HUP/SIGHUP: Profiling. (line 211) +* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1: Profiling. (line 188) +* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* SIGUSR1 signal: Profiling. (line 188) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) * sin() function: Numeric Functions. (line 75) @@ -32625,12 +32643,12 @@ Index * up debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 33) * user database, reading: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * user-defined, functions: User-defined. (line 6) -* user-defined, functions, counts: Profiling. (line 129) +* user-defined, functions, counts: Profiling. (line 137) * user-defined, variables: Variables. (line 6) * user-modifiable variables: User-modified. (line 6) * users, information about, printing: Id Program. (line 6) * users, information about, retrieving: Passwd Functions. (line 16) -* USR1 signal: Profiling. (line 181) +* USR1 signal: Profiling. (line 188) * values, numeric: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * values, string: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * variable typing: Typing and Comparison. @@ -32722,7 +32740,7 @@ Index * zero, negative vs. positive: Unexpected Results. (line 34) * zerofile.awk program: Empty Files. (line 21) * Zoulas, Christos: Contributors. (line 66) -* {} (braces): Profiling. (line 134) +* {} (braces): Profiling. (line 142) * {} (braces), actions and: Action Overview. (line 19) * {} (braces), statements, grouping: Statements. (line 10) * | (vertical bar): Regexp Operators. 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Copying1155321 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1192878 +Node: Index1218015 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi index 0d780286..83f2d626 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.texi +++ b/doc/gawk.texi @@ -12893,6 +12893,8 @@ for more information on this version of the @code{for} loop. @cindex @code{case} keyword @cindex @code{default} keyword +This @value{SECTION} describes a @command{gawk}-specific feature. + The @code{switch} statement allows the evaluation of an expression and the execution of statements based on a @code{case} match. Case statements are checked for a match in the order they are defined. If no suitable @@ -16753,11 +16755,10 @@ This is the purpose of the @code{fflush()} function---@command{gawk} also buffers its output and the @code{fflush()} function forces @command{gawk} to flush its buffers. -@code{fflush()} was added to Brian Kernighan's -version of @command{awk} in 1994. -For over two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard. -As of December, 2012, it was accepted for -inclusion into the POSIX standard. +@code{fflush()} was added to Brian Kernighan's version of @command{awk} in +April of 1992. For two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard. +As of December, 2012, it was accepted for inclusion into the POSIX +standard. See @uref{http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=634, the Austin Group website}. POSIX standardizes @code{fflush()} as follows: If there @@ -17889,7 +17890,7 @@ have a parameter with the same name as the function itself. In addition, according to the POSIX standard, function parameters cannot have the same name as one of the special built-in variables (@pxref{Built-in Variables}. Not all versions of @command{awk} -enforce this restriction. +enforce this restriction.) The @var{body-of-function} consists of @command{awk} statements. It is the most important part of the definition, because it says what the function @@ -17936,7 +17937,7 @@ function. When this happens, we say the function is @dfn{recursive}. The act of a function calling itself is called @dfn{recursion}. All the built-in functions return a value to their caller. -User-defined functions can do also, using the @code{return} statement, +User-defined functions can do so also, using the @code{return} statement, which is described in detail in @ref{Return Statement}. Many of the subsequent examples in this @value{SECTION} use the @code{return} statement. @@ -18028,7 +18029,8 @@ Instead of having to repeat this loop everywhere that you need to clear out an array, your program can just call @code{delarray}. (This guarantees portability. The use of @samp{delete @var{array}} to delete -the contents of an entire array is a nonstandard extension.) +the contents of an entire array is a recent@footnote{Late in 2012.} +addition to the POSIX standard.) The following is an example of a recursive function. It takes a string as an input parameter and returns the string in backwards order. @@ -18084,7 +18086,10 @@ function ctime(ts, format) @subsection Calling User-Defined Functions @c STARTOFRANGE fudc -This section describes how to call a user-defined function. +@cindex functions, user-defined, calling +@dfn{Calling a function} means causing the function to run and do its job. +A function call is an expression and its value is the value returned by +the function. @menu * Calling A Function:: Don't use spaces. @@ -18095,11 +18100,6 @@ This section describes how to call a user-defined function. @node Calling A Function @subsubsection Writing A Function Call -@cindex functions, user-defined, calling -@dfn{Calling a function} means causing the function to run and do its job. -A function call is an expression and its value is the value returned by -the function. - A function call consists of the function name followed by the arguments in parentheses. @command{awk} expressions are what you write in the call for the arguments. Each time the call is executed, these @@ -18569,7 +18569,7 @@ character: @example the_func = "sum" -result = @@the_func() # calls the `sum' function +result = @@the_func() # calls the sum() function @end example Here is a full program that processes the previously shown data, @@ -18690,8 +18690,9 @@ We can do something similar using @command{gawk}, like this: @ignore @c file eg/lib/quicksort.awk # -# Arnold Robbins, arnold@skeeve.com, Public Domain +# Arnold Robbins, arnold@@skeeve.com, Public Domain # January 2009 + @c endfile @end ignore @@ -18764,7 +18765,7 @@ or equal to), which yields data sorted in descending order. Next comes a sorting function. It is parameterized with the starting and ending field numbers and the comparison function. It builds an array with -the data and calls @code{quicksort} appropriately, and then formats the +the data and calls @code{quicksort()} appropriately, and then formats the results as a single string: @example @@ -18902,6 +18903,8 @@ it allows you to encapsulate algorithms and program tasks in a single place. It simplifies programming, making program development more manageable, and making programs more readable. +@cindex Kernighan, Brian +@cindex Plauger, P.J.@: In their seminal 1976 book, @cite{Software Tools},@footnote{Sadly, over 35 years later, many of the lessons taught by this book have yet to be learned by a vast number of practicing programmers.} Brian Kernighan @@ -19031,7 +19034,7 @@ with the user's program. @cindex underscore (@code{_}), in names of private variables In addition, several of the library functions use a prefix that helps indicate what function or set of functions use the variables---for example, -@code{_pw_byname} in the user database routines +@code{_pw_byname()} in the user database routines (@pxref{Passwd Functions}). This convention is recommended, since it even further decreases the chance of inadvertent conflict among variable names. Note that this @@ -19345,9 +19348,9 @@ with an @code{exit} statement. The way @code{printf} and @code{sprintf()} (@pxref{Printf}) perform rounding often depends upon the system's C @code{sprintf()} -subroutine. On many machines, @code{sprintf()} rounding is ``unbiased,'' -which means it doesn't always round a trailing @samp{.5} up, contrary -to naive expectations. In unbiased rounding, @samp{.5} rounds to even, +subroutine. On many machines, @code{sprintf()} rounding is @dfn{unbiased}, +which means it doesn't always round a trailing .5 up, contrary +to naive expectations. In unbiased rounding, .5 rounds to even, rather than always up, so 1.5 rounds to 2 but 4.5 rounds to 4. This means that if you are using a format that does rounding (e.g., @code{"%.0f"}), you should check what your system does. The following function does @@ -19396,7 +19399,7 @@ function round(x, ival, aval, fraction) @c don't include test harness in the file that gets installed # test harness -@{ print $0, round($0) @} +# @{ print $0, round($0) @} @end example @node Cliff Random Function @@ -19510,7 +19513,7 @@ function _ord_init( low, high, i, t) @cindex ASCII @cindex EBCDIC @cindex mark parity -Some explanation of the numbers used by @code{chr()} is worthwhile. +Some explanation of the numbers used by @code{_ord_init()} is worthwhile. The most prominent character set in use today is ASCII.@footnote{This is changing; many systems use Unicode, a very large character set that includes ASCII as a subset. On systems with full Unicode support, @@ -19521,7 +19524,7 @@ Although an defines characters that use the values from 0 to 127.@footnote{ASCII has been extended in many countries to use the values from 128 to 255 for country-specific characters. If your system uses these extensions, -you can simplify @code{_ord_init} to loop from 0 to 255.} +you can simplify @code{_ord_init()} to loop from 0 to 255.} In the now distant past, at least one minicomputer manufacturer @c Pr1me, blech @@ -20195,7 +20198,7 @@ END @{ Occasionally, you might not want @command{awk} to process command-line variable assignments (@pxref{Assignment Options}). -In particular, if you have a file name that contain an @samp{=} character, +In particular, if you have a file name that contains an @samp{=} character, @command{awk} treats the file name as an assignment, and does not process it. Some users have suggested an additional command-line option for @command{gawk} @@ -20874,7 +20877,7 @@ field-splitting mechanism later. The test can only be true for or on some other @command{awk} implementation. The code that checks for using @code{FPAT}, using @code{using_fpat} -and @code{PROCINFO["FS"]} is similar. +and @code{PROCINFO["FS"]}, is similar. The main part of the function uses a loop to read database lines, split the line into fields, and then store the line into each array as necessary. @@ -20904,10 +20907,9 @@ function getpwnam(name) @end example @cindex @code{getpwuid()} function (C library) -Similarly, -the @code{getpwuid} function takes a user ID number argument. If that -user number is in the database, it returns the appropriate line. Otherwise, it -returns the null string: +Similarly, the @code{getpwuid()} function takes a user ID number +argument. If that user number is in the database, it returns the +appropriate line. Otherwise, it returns the null string: @cindex @code{getpwuid()} user-defined function @example @@ -21411,7 +21413,7 @@ index and value, use the indirect function call syntax and the value. When calling @code{walk_array()}, you would pass the name of a user-defined -function that expects to receive and index and a value, and then processes +function that expects to receive an index and a value, and then processes the element. @@ -21765,7 +21767,7 @@ complete field list, including filler fields: @example @c file eg/prog/cut.awk -function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, t, +function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, n, m, t, filler, last, len) @{ field = 1 # count total fields @@ -24493,7 +24495,7 @@ BEGIN @{ @c endfile @end example -The stack is initialized with @code{ARGV[1]}, which will be @file{/dev/stdin}. +The stack is initialized with @code{ARGV[1]}, which will be @samp{/dev/stdin}. The main loop comes next. Input lines are read in succession. Lines that do not start with @samp{@@include} are printed verbatim. If the line does start with @samp{@@include}, the file name is in @code{$2}. @@ -25535,7 +25537,7 @@ open a @emph{two-way} pipe to another process. The second process is termed a @dfn{coprocess}, since it runs in parallel with @command{gawk}. The two-way connection is created using the @samp{|&} operator (borrowed from the Korn shell, @command{ksh}):@footnote{This is very -different from the same operator in the C shell.} +different from the same operator in the C shell and in Bash.} @example do @{ @@ -25823,52 +25825,60 @@ foo junk @end example -Here is the @file{awkprof.out} that results from running the @command{gawk} -profiler on this program and data (this example also illustrates that @command{awk} -programmers sometimes have to work late): +Here is the @file{awkprof.out} that results from running the +@command{gawk} profiler on this program and data. (This example also +illustrates that @command{awk} programmers sometimes get up very early +in the morning to work.) @cindex @code{BEGIN} pattern @cindex @code{END} pattern @example - # gawk profile, created Sun Aug 13 00:00:15 2000 + # gawk profile, created Thu Feb 27 05:16:21 2014 - # BEGIN block(s) + # BEGIN block(s) - BEGIN @{ - 1 print "First BEGIN rule" - 1 print "Second BEGIN rule" - @} + BEGIN @{ + 1 print "First BEGIN rule" + @} - # Rule(s) + BEGIN @{ + 1 print "Second BEGIN rule" + @} - 5 /foo/ @{ # 2 - 2 print "matched /foo/, gosh" - 6 for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) @{ - 6 sing() - @} - @} + # Rule(s) - 5 @{ - 5 if (/foo/) @{ # 2 - 2 print "if is true" - 3 @} else @{ - 3 print "else is true" - @} - @} + 5 /foo/ @{ # 2 + 2 print "matched /foo/, gosh" + 6 for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) @{ + 6 sing() + @} + @} - # END block(s) + 5 @{ + 5 if (/foo/) @{ # 2 + 2 print "if is true" + 3 @} else @{ + 3 print "else is true" + @} + @} - END @{ - 1 print "First END rule" - 1 print "Second END rule" - @} + # END block(s) - # Functions, listed alphabetically + END @{ + 1 print "First END rule" + @} - 6 function sing(dummy) - @{ - 6 print "I gotta be me!" - @} + END @{ + 1 print "Second END rule" + @} + + + # Functions, listed alphabetically + + 6 function sing(dummy) + @{ + 6 print "I gotta be me!" + @} @end example This example illustrates many of the basic features of profiling output. @@ -25876,13 +25886,14 @@ They are as follows: @itemize @bullet @item -The program is printed in the order @code{BEGIN} rule, -@code{BEGINFILE} rule, +The program is printed in the order @code{BEGIN} rules, +@code{BEGINFILE} rules, pattern/action rules, -@code{ENDFILE} rule, @code{END} rule and functions, listed +@code{ENDFILE} rules, @code{END} rules and functions, listed alphabetically. -Multiple @code{BEGIN} and @code{END} rules are merged together, -as are multiple @code{BEGINFILE} and @code{ENDFILE} rules. +Multiple @code{BEGIN} and @code{END} rules retain their +separate identities, as do +multiple @code{BEGINFILE} and @code{ENDFILE} rules. @cindex patterns, counts @item @@ -25963,8 +25974,8 @@ typed when you wrote it. This is because @command{gawk} creates the profiled version by ``pretty printing'' its internal representation of the program. The advantage to this is that @command{gawk} can produce a standard representation. The disadvantage is that all source-code -comments are lost, as are the distinctions among multiple @code{BEGIN}, -@code{END}, @code{BEGINFILE}, and @code{ENDFILE} rules. Also, things such as: +comments are lost. +Also, things such as: @example /foo/ @@ -26054,6 +26065,11 @@ keyboard. The @code{INT} signal is generated by the Finally, @command{gawk} also accepts another option, @option{--pretty-print}. When called this way, @command{gawk} ``pretty prints'' the program into @file{awkprof.out}, without any execution counts. + +@quotation NOTE +The @option{--pretty-print} option still runs your program. +This will change in the next major release. +@end quotation @c ENDOFRANGE advgaw @c ENDOFRANGE gawadv @c ENDOFRANGE awkp @@ -34292,7 +34308,7 @@ as working in this fashion, and in particular, would teach that the that @samp{[A-Z]} was the ``correct'' way to match uppercase letters. And indeed, this was true.@footnote{And Life was good.} -The 1993 POSIX standard introduced the idea of locales (@pxref{Locales}). +The 1992 POSIX standard introduced the idea of locales (@pxref{Locales}). Since many locales include other letters besides the plain twenty-six letters of the American English alphabet, the POSIX standard added character classes (@pxref{Bracket Expressions}) as a way to match diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in index 6b9acdea..4f6723e8 100644 --- a/doc/gawktexi.in +++ b/doc/gawktexi.in @@ -12272,6 +12272,8 @@ for more information on this version of the @code{for} loop. @cindex @code{case} keyword @cindex @code{default} keyword +This @value{SECTION} describes a @command{gawk}-specific feature. + The @code{switch} statement allows the evaluation of an expression and the execution of statements based on a @code{case} match. Case statements are checked for a match in the order they are defined. If no suitable @@ -16053,11 +16055,10 @@ This is the purpose of the @code{fflush()} function---@command{gawk} also buffers its output and the @code{fflush()} function forces @command{gawk} to flush its buffers. -@code{fflush()} was added to Brian Kernighan's -version of @command{awk} in 1994. -For over two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard. -As of December, 2012, it was accepted for -inclusion into the POSIX standard. +@code{fflush()} was added to Brian Kernighan's version of @command{awk} in +April of 1992. For two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard. +As of December, 2012, it was accepted for inclusion into the POSIX +standard. See @uref{http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=634, the Austin Group website}. POSIX standardizes @code{fflush()} as follows: If there @@ -17061,7 +17062,7 @@ have a parameter with the same name as the function itself. In addition, according to the POSIX standard, function parameters cannot have the same name as one of the special built-in variables (@pxref{Built-in Variables}. Not all versions of @command{awk} -enforce this restriction. +enforce this restriction.) The @var{body-of-function} consists of @command{awk} statements. It is the most important part of the definition, because it says what the function @@ -17108,7 +17109,7 @@ function. When this happens, we say the function is @dfn{recursive}. The act of a function calling itself is called @dfn{recursion}. All the built-in functions return a value to their caller. -User-defined functions can do also, using the @code{return} statement, +User-defined functions can do so also, using the @code{return} statement, which is described in detail in @ref{Return Statement}. Many of the subsequent examples in this @value{SECTION} use the @code{return} statement. @@ -17200,7 +17201,8 @@ Instead of having to repeat this loop everywhere that you need to clear out an array, your program can just call @code{delarray}. (This guarantees portability. The use of @samp{delete @var{array}} to delete -the contents of an entire array is a nonstandard extension.) +the contents of an entire array is a recent@footnote{Late in 2012.} +addition to the POSIX standard.) The following is an example of a recursive function. It takes a string as an input parameter and returns the string in backwards order. @@ -17256,7 +17258,10 @@ function ctime(ts, format) @subsection Calling User-Defined Functions @c STARTOFRANGE fudc -This section describes how to call a user-defined function. +@cindex functions, user-defined, calling +@dfn{Calling a function} means causing the function to run and do its job. +A function call is an expression and its value is the value returned by +the function. @menu * Calling A Function:: Don't use spaces. @@ -17267,11 +17272,6 @@ This section describes how to call a user-defined function. @node Calling A Function @subsubsection Writing A Function Call -@cindex functions, user-defined, calling -@dfn{Calling a function} means causing the function to run and do its job. -A function call is an expression and its value is the value returned by -the function. - A function call consists of the function name followed by the arguments in parentheses. @command{awk} expressions are what you write in the call for the arguments. Each time the call is executed, these @@ -17741,7 +17741,7 @@ character: @example the_func = "sum" -result = @@the_func() # calls the `sum' function +result = @@the_func() # calls the sum() function @end example Here is a full program that processes the previously shown data, @@ -17862,8 +17862,9 @@ We can do something similar using @command{gawk}, like this: @ignore @c file eg/lib/quicksort.awk # -# Arnold Robbins, arnold@skeeve.com, Public Domain +# Arnold Robbins, arnold@@skeeve.com, Public Domain # January 2009 + @c endfile @end ignore @@ -17936,7 +17937,7 @@ or equal to), which yields data sorted in descending order. Next comes a sorting function. It is parameterized with the starting and ending field numbers and the comparison function. It builds an array with -the data and calls @code{quicksort} appropriately, and then formats the +the data and calls @code{quicksort()} appropriately, and then formats the results as a single string: @example @@ -18074,6 +18075,8 @@ it allows you to encapsulate algorithms and program tasks in a single place. It simplifies programming, making program development more manageable, and making programs more readable. +@cindex Kernighan, Brian +@cindex Plauger, P.J.@: In their seminal 1976 book, @cite{Software Tools},@footnote{Sadly, over 35 years later, many of the lessons taught by this book have yet to be learned by a vast number of practicing programmers.} Brian Kernighan @@ -18203,7 +18206,7 @@ with the user's program. @cindex underscore (@code{_}), in names of private variables In addition, several of the library functions use a prefix that helps indicate what function or set of functions use the variables---for example, -@code{_pw_byname} in the user database routines +@code{_pw_byname()} in the user database routines (@pxref{Passwd Functions}). This convention is recommended, since it even further decreases the chance of inadvertent conflict among variable names. Note that this @@ -18517,9 +18520,9 @@ with an @code{exit} statement. The way @code{printf} and @code{sprintf()} (@pxref{Printf}) perform rounding often depends upon the system's C @code{sprintf()} -subroutine. On many machines, @code{sprintf()} rounding is ``unbiased,'' -which means it doesn't always round a trailing @samp{.5} up, contrary -to naive expectations. In unbiased rounding, @samp{.5} rounds to even, +subroutine. On many machines, @code{sprintf()} rounding is @dfn{unbiased}, +which means it doesn't always round a trailing .5 up, contrary +to naive expectations. In unbiased rounding, .5 rounds to even, rather than always up, so 1.5 rounds to 2 but 4.5 rounds to 4. This means that if you are using a format that does rounding (e.g., @code{"%.0f"}), you should check what your system does. The following function does @@ -18568,7 +18571,7 @@ function round(x, ival, aval, fraction) @c don't include test harness in the file that gets installed # test harness -@{ print $0, round($0) @} +# @{ print $0, round($0) @} @end example @node Cliff Random Function @@ -18682,7 +18685,7 @@ function _ord_init( low, high, i, t) @cindex ASCII @cindex EBCDIC @cindex mark parity -Some explanation of the numbers used by @code{chr()} is worthwhile. +Some explanation of the numbers used by @code{_ord_init()} is worthwhile. The most prominent character set in use today is ASCII.@footnote{This is changing; many systems use Unicode, a very large character set that includes ASCII as a subset. On systems with full Unicode support, @@ -18693,7 +18696,7 @@ Although an defines characters that use the values from 0 to 127.@footnote{ASCII has been extended in many countries to use the values from 128 to 255 for country-specific characters. If your system uses these extensions, -you can simplify @code{_ord_init} to loop from 0 to 255.} +you can simplify @code{_ord_init()} to loop from 0 to 255.} In the now distant past, at least one minicomputer manufacturer @c Pr1me, blech @@ -19338,7 +19341,7 @@ END @{ Occasionally, you might not want @command{awk} to process command-line variable assignments (@pxref{Assignment Options}). -In particular, if you have a file name that contain an @samp{=} character, +In particular, if you have a file name that contains an @samp{=} character, @command{awk} treats the file name as an assignment, and does not process it. Some users have suggested an additional command-line option for @command{gawk} @@ -20017,7 +20020,7 @@ field-splitting mechanism later. The test can only be true for or on some other @command{awk} implementation. The code that checks for using @code{FPAT}, using @code{using_fpat} -and @code{PROCINFO["FS"]} is similar. +and @code{PROCINFO["FS"]}, is similar. The main part of the function uses a loop to read database lines, split the line into fields, and then store the line into each array as necessary. @@ -20047,10 +20050,9 @@ function getpwnam(name) @end example @cindex @code{getpwuid()} function (C library) -Similarly, -the @code{getpwuid} function takes a user ID number argument. If that -user number is in the database, it returns the appropriate line. Otherwise, it -returns the null string: +Similarly, the @code{getpwuid()} function takes a user ID number +argument. If that user number is in the database, it returns the +appropriate line. Otherwise, it returns the null string: @cindex @code{getpwuid()} user-defined function @example @@ -20554,7 +20556,7 @@ index and value, use the indirect function call syntax and the value. When calling @code{walk_array()}, you would pass the name of a user-defined -function that expects to receive and index and a value, and then processes +function that expects to receive an index and a value, and then processes the element. @@ -20908,7 +20910,7 @@ complete field list, including filler fields: @example @c file eg/prog/cut.awk -function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, t, +function set_charlist( field, i, j, f, g, n, m, t, filler, last, len) @{ field = 1 # count total fields @@ -23636,7 +23638,7 @@ BEGIN @{ @c endfile @end example -The stack is initialized with @code{ARGV[1]}, which will be @file{/dev/stdin}. +The stack is initialized with @code{ARGV[1]}, which will be @samp{/dev/stdin}. The main loop comes next. Input lines are read in succession. Lines that do not start with @samp{@@include} are printed verbatim. If the line does start with @samp{@@include}, the file name is in @code{$2}. @@ -24678,7 +24680,7 @@ open a @emph{two-way} pipe to another process. The second process is termed a @dfn{coprocess}, since it runs in parallel with @command{gawk}. The two-way connection is created using the @samp{|&} operator (borrowed from the Korn shell, @command{ksh}):@footnote{This is very -different from the same operator in the C shell.} +different from the same operator in the C shell and in Bash.} @example do @{ @@ -24966,52 +24968,60 @@ foo junk @end example -Here is the @file{awkprof.out} that results from running the @command{gawk} -profiler on this program and data (this example also illustrates that @command{awk} -programmers sometimes have to work late): +Here is the @file{awkprof.out} that results from running the +@command{gawk} profiler on this program and data. (This example also +illustrates that @command{awk} programmers sometimes get up very early +in the morning to work.) @cindex @code{BEGIN} pattern @cindex @code{END} pattern @example - # gawk profile, created Sun Aug 13 00:00:15 2000 + # gawk profile, created Thu Feb 27 05:16:21 2014 - # BEGIN block(s) + # BEGIN block(s) - BEGIN @{ - 1 print "First BEGIN rule" - 1 print "Second BEGIN rule" - @} + BEGIN @{ + 1 print "First BEGIN rule" + @} - # Rule(s) + BEGIN @{ + 1 print "Second BEGIN rule" + @} - 5 /foo/ @{ # 2 - 2 print "matched /foo/, gosh" - 6 for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) @{ - 6 sing() - @} - @} + # Rule(s) - 5 @{ - 5 if (/foo/) @{ # 2 - 2 print "if is true" - 3 @} else @{ - 3 print "else is true" - @} - @} + 5 /foo/ @{ # 2 + 2 print "matched /foo/, gosh" + 6 for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) @{ + 6 sing() + @} + @} - # END block(s) + 5 @{ + 5 if (/foo/) @{ # 2 + 2 print "if is true" + 3 @} else @{ + 3 print "else is true" + @} + @} - END @{ - 1 print "First END rule" - 1 print "Second END rule" - @} + # END block(s) - # Functions, listed alphabetically + END @{ + 1 print "First END rule" + @} - 6 function sing(dummy) - @{ - 6 print "I gotta be me!" - @} + END @{ + 1 print "Second END rule" + @} + + + # Functions, listed alphabetically + + 6 function sing(dummy) + @{ + 6 print "I gotta be me!" + @} @end example This example illustrates many of the basic features of profiling output. @@ -25019,13 +25029,14 @@ They are as follows: @itemize @bullet @item -The program is printed in the order @code{BEGIN} rule, -@code{BEGINFILE} rule, +The program is printed in the order @code{BEGIN} rules, +@code{BEGINFILE} rules, pattern/action rules, -@code{ENDFILE} rule, @code{END} rule and functions, listed +@code{ENDFILE} rules, @code{END} rules and functions, listed alphabetically. -Multiple @code{BEGIN} and @code{END} rules are merged together, -as are multiple @code{BEGINFILE} and @code{ENDFILE} rules. +Multiple @code{BEGIN} and @code{END} rules retain their +separate identities, as do +multiple @code{BEGINFILE} and @code{ENDFILE} rules. @cindex patterns, counts @item @@ -25106,8 +25117,8 @@ typed when you wrote it. This is because @command{gawk} creates the profiled version by ``pretty printing'' its internal representation of the program. The advantage to this is that @command{gawk} can produce a standard representation. The disadvantage is that all source-code -comments are lost, as are the distinctions among multiple @code{BEGIN}, -@code{END}, @code{BEGINFILE}, and @code{ENDFILE} rules. Also, things such as: +comments are lost. +Also, things such as: @example /foo/ @@ -25197,6 +25208,11 @@ keyboard. The @code{INT} signal is generated by the Finally, @command{gawk} also accepts another option, @option{--pretty-print}. When called this way, @command{gawk} ``pretty prints'' the program into @file{awkprof.out}, without any execution counts. + +@quotation NOTE +The @option{--pretty-print} option still runs your program. +This will change in the next major release. +@end quotation @c ENDOFRANGE advgaw @c ENDOFRANGE gawadv @c ENDOFRANGE awkp @@ -33435,7 +33451,7 @@ as working in this fashion, and in particular, would teach that the that @samp{[A-Z]} was the ``correct'' way to match uppercase letters. And indeed, this was true.@footnote{And Life was good.} -The 1993 POSIX standard introduced the idea of locales (@pxref{Locales}). +The 1992 POSIX standard introduced the idea of locales (@pxref{Locales}). Since many locales include other letters besides the plain twenty-six letters of the American English alphabet, the POSIX standard added character classes (@pxref{Bracket Expressions}) as a way to match @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ api_get_argument(awk_ext_id_t id, size_t count, NODE *arg; if (result == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; (void) id; @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ api_get_argument(awk_ext_id_t id, size_t count, */ arg = get_argument(count); if (arg == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; /* if type is undefined */ if (arg->type == Node_var_new) { @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ array: /* get the array here */ arg = get_array_argument(count, false); if (arg == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; return node_to_awk_value(arg, result, wanted); @@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ scalar: /* at this point we have a real type that is not an array */ arg = get_scalar_argument(count, false); if (arg == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; return node_to_awk_value(arg, result, wanted); #else - return false; + return awk_false; #endif } @@ -114,23 +114,23 @@ api_set_argument(awk_ext_id_t id, (void) id; if (array == NULL || array->type != Node_var_array) - return false; + return awk_false; if ( (arg = get_argument(count)) == NULL || arg->type != Node_var_new) - return false; + return awk_false; arg = get_array_argument(count, false); if (arg == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; array->vname = arg->vname; *arg = *array; freenode(array); - return true; + return awk_true; #else - return false; + return awk_false; #endif } @@ -314,12 +314,12 @@ api_add_ext_func(awk_ext_id_t id, (void) namespace; if (func == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; #ifdef DYNAMIC return make_builtin(func); #else - return false; + return awk_false; #endif } @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ api_awk_atexit(awk_ext_id_t id, static awk_bool_t node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) { - awk_bool_t ret = false; + awk_bool_t ret = awk_false; if (node == NULL) fatal(_("node_to_awk_value: received null node")); @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) case Node_var_new: /* undefined variable */ val->val_type = AWK_UNDEFINED; if (wanted == AWK_UNDEFINED) { - ret = true; + ret = awk_true; } break; @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) if (wanted == AWK_SCALAR) { val->val_type = AWK_SCALAR; val->scalar_cookie = (void *) node; - ret = true; + ret = awk_true; break; } @@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) (void) force_number(node); if ((node->flags & NUMCUR) != 0) { val->num_value = get_number_d(node); - ret = true; + ret = awk_true; } break; @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) if ((node->flags & STRCUR) != 0) { val->str_value.str = node->stptr; val->str_value.len = node->stlen; - ret = true; + ret = awk_true; } break; @@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) val->val_type = AWK_STRING; } else val->val_type = AWK_UNDEFINED; - ret = false; + ret = awk_false; break; case AWK_UNDEFINED: @@ -444,12 +444,12 @@ node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) if ((node->flags & NUMBER) != 0) { val->val_type = AWK_NUMBER; val->num_value = get_number_d(node); - ret = true; + ret = awk_true; } else if ((node->flags & STRING) != 0) { val->val_type = AWK_STRING; val->str_value.str = node->stptr; val->str_value.len = node->stlen; - ret = true; + ret = awk_true; } else val->val_type = AWK_UNDEFINED; break; @@ -464,15 +464,14 @@ node_to_awk_value(NODE *node, awk_value_t *val, awk_valtype_t wanted) val->val_type = AWK_ARRAY; if (wanted == AWK_ARRAY || wanted == AWK_UNDEFINED) { val->array_cookie = node; - ret = true; - } else { - ret = false; - } + ret = awk_true; + } else + ret = awk_false; break; default: val->val_type = AWK_UNDEFINED; - ret = false; + ret = awk_false; break; } @@ -510,7 +509,7 @@ api_sym_lookup(awk_ext_id_t id, || *name == '\0' || result == NULL || (node = lookup(name)) == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; if (is_off_limits_var(name)) /* a built-in variable */ node->flags |= NO_EXT_SET; @@ -531,7 +530,7 @@ api_sym_lookup_scalar(awk_ext_id_t id, if (node == NULL || result == NULL || node->type != Node_var) - return false; + return awk_false; update_global_values(); /* make sure stuff like NF, NR, are up to date */ @@ -551,7 +550,7 @@ api_sym_update(awk_ext_id_t id, if ( name == NULL || *name == '\0' || value == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; switch (value->val_type) { case AWK_NUMBER: @@ -564,7 +563,7 @@ api_sym_update(awk_ext_id_t id, default: /* fatal(_("api_sym_update: invalid value for type of new value (%d)"), value->val_type); */ - return false; + return awk_false; } node = lookup(name); @@ -586,7 +585,7 @@ api_sym_update(awk_ext_id_t id, node->var_value = awk_value_to_node(value); } - return true; + return awk_true; } /* @@ -596,7 +595,7 @@ api_sym_update(awk_ext_id_t id, if ( (node->flags & NO_EXT_SET) != 0 || is_off_limits_var(name)) { /* most built-in vars not allowed */ node->flags |= NO_EXT_SET; - return false; + return awk_false; } if ( value->val_type != AWK_ARRAY @@ -606,10 +605,10 @@ api_sym_update(awk_ext_id_t id, if (node->type == Node_var_new && value->val_type != AWK_UNDEFINED) node->type = Node_var; - return true; + return awk_true; } - return false; + return awk_false; } /* api_sym_update_scalar --- update a scalar cookie */ @@ -625,7 +624,7 @@ api_sym_update_scalar(awk_ext_id_t id, || node == NULL || node->type != Node_var || (node->flags & NO_EXT_SET) != 0) - return false; + return awk_false; /* * Optimization: if valref is 1, and the new value is a string or @@ -650,7 +649,7 @@ api_sym_update_scalar(awk_ext_id_t id, r->flags = MALLOC|NUMBER|NUMCUR; r->stptr = NULL; r->stlen = 0; - return true; + return awk_true; } break; case AWK_STRING: @@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ api_sym_update_scalar(awk_ext_id_t id, r->stfmt = -1; r->stptr = value->str_value.str; r->stlen = value->str_value.len; - return true; + return awk_true; } break; case AWK_UNDEFINED: @@ -679,13 +678,13 @@ api_sym_update_scalar(awk_ext_id_t id, break; default: /* AWK_ARRAY or invalid type */ - return false; + return awk_false; } /* do it the hard (slow) way */ unref(node->var_value); node->var_value = awk_value_to_node(value); - return true; + return awk_true; } /* @@ -694,7 +693,7 @@ api_sym_update_scalar(awk_ext_id_t id, * Any scalar value is fine, so only AWK_ARRAY (or an invalid type) is illegal. */ -static inline int +static inline bool valid_subscript_type(awk_valtype_t valtype) { switch (valtype) { @@ -733,21 +732,21 @@ api_get_array_element(awk_ext_id_t id, || result == NULL || index == NULL || ! valid_subscript_type(index->val_type)) - return false; + return awk_false; subscript = awk_value_to_node(index); /* if it doesn't exist, return false */ if (in_array(array, subscript) == NULL) { unref(subscript); - return false; + return awk_false; } aptr = assoc_lookup(array, subscript); if (aptr == NULL) { /* can't happen */ unref(subscript); - return false; + return awk_false; } unref(subscript); @@ -777,7 +776,7 @@ api_set_array_element(awk_ext_id_t id, awk_array_t a_cookie, || index == NULL || value == NULL || ! valid_subscript_type(index->val_type)) - return false; + return awk_false; tmp = awk_value_to_node(index); aptr = assoc_lookup(array, tmp); @@ -791,7 +790,7 @@ api_set_array_element(awk_ext_id_t id, awk_array_t a_cookie, make_aname(elem); } - return true; + return awk_true; } /* @@ -843,13 +842,13 @@ api_del_array_element(awk_ext_id_t id, || (array->flags & NO_EXT_SET) != 0 || index == NULL || ! valid_subscript_type(index->val_type)) - return false; + return awk_false; sub = awk_value_to_node(index); remove_element(array, sub); unref(sub); - return true; + return awk_true; } /* @@ -864,10 +863,10 @@ api_get_element_count(awk_ext_id_t id, NODE *node = (NODE *) a_cookie; if (count == NULL || node == NULL || node->type != Node_var_array) - return false; + return awk_false; *count = node->table_size; - return true; + return awk_true; } /* api_create_array --- create a new array cookie to which elements may be added */ @@ -894,10 +893,10 @@ api_clear_array(awk_ext_id_t id, awk_array_t a_cookie) if ( node == NULL || node->type != Node_var_array || (node->flags & NO_EXT_SET) != 0) - return false; + return awk_false; assoc_clear(node); - return true; + return awk_true; } /* api_flatten_array --- flatten out an array so that it can be looped over easily. */ @@ -916,7 +915,7 @@ api_flatten_array(awk_ext_id_t id, || array->type != Node_var_array || array->table_size == 0 || data == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; alloc_size = sizeof(awk_flat_array_t) + (array->table_size - 1) * sizeof(awk_element_t); @@ -954,7 +953,7 @@ api_flatten_array(awk_ext_id_t id, (int) i); } } - return true; + return awk_true; } /* @@ -978,7 +977,7 @@ api_release_flattened_array(awk_ext_id_t id, || array != (NODE *) data->opaque1 || data->count != array->table_size || data->opaque2 == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; list = (NODE **) data->opaque2; @@ -995,7 +994,7 @@ api_release_flattened_array(awk_ext_id_t id, efree(list); efree(data); - return true; + return awk_true; } /* api_create_value --- create a cached value */ @@ -1005,7 +1004,7 @@ api_create_value(awk_ext_id_t id, awk_value_t *value, awk_value_cookie_t *result) { if (value == NULL || result == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; switch (value->val_type) { case AWK_NUMBER: @@ -1013,10 +1012,10 @@ api_create_value(awk_ext_id_t id, awk_value_t *value, break; default: /* reject anything other than a simple scalar */ - return false; + return awk_false; } - return (*result = awk_value_to_node(value)) != NULL; + return (awk_bool_t) ((*result = awk_value_to_node(value)) != NULL); } /* api_release_value --- release a cached value */ @@ -1027,10 +1026,10 @@ api_release_value(awk_ext_id_t id, awk_value_cookie_t value) NODE *val = (NODE *) value; if (val == NULL) - return false; + return awk_false; unref(val); - return true; + return awk_true; } /* |