Move to gawk-2.15.3.

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1265 deletions

diff --git a/gawk.info-7 b/gawk.info-7
deleted file mode 100644
index b3ac7254..00000000
--- a/gawk.info-7
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1265 +0,0 @@
-This is Info file gawk.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.54 from the input
-file gawk.texi.
-
-   This file documents `awk', a program that you can use to select
-particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
-
-   This is Edition 0.15 of `The GAWK Manual',
-for the 2.15 version of the GNU implementation
-of AWK.
-
-   Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-
-   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
-this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
-the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
-manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
-versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
-translation approved by the Foundation.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: V7/S5R3.1,  Next: S5R4,  Prev: Language History,  Up: Language History
-
-Major Changes between V7 and S5R3.1
-===================================
-
-   The `awk' language evolved considerably between the release of
-Version 7 Unix (1978) and the new version first made widely available in
-System V Release 3.1 (1987).  This section summarizes the changes, with
-cross-references to further details.
-
-   * The requirement for `;' to separate rules on a line (*note `awk'
-     Statements versus Lines: Statements/Lines.).
-
-   * User-defined functions, and the `return' statement (*note
-     User-defined Functions: User-defined.).
-
-   * The `delete' statement (*note The `delete' Statement: Delete.).
-
-   * The `do'-`while' statement (*note The `do'-`while' Statement: Do
-     Statement.).
-
-   * The built-in functions `atan2', `cos', `sin', `rand' and `srand'
-     (*note Numeric Built-in Functions: Numeric Functions.).
-
-   * The built-in functions `gsub', `sub', and `match' (*note Built-in
-     Functions for String Manipulation: String Functions.).
-
-   * The built-in functions `close', which closes an open file, and
-     `system', which allows the user to execute operating system
-     commands (*note Built-in Functions for Input/Output: I/O
-     Functions.).
-
-   * The `ARGC', `ARGV', `FNR', `RLENGTH', `RSTART', and `SUBSEP'
-     built-in variables (*note Built-in Variables::.).
-
-   * The conditional expression using the operators `?' and `:' (*note
-     Conditional Expressions: Conditional Exp.).
-
-   * The exponentiation operator `^' (*note Arithmetic Operators:
-     Arithmetic Ops.) and its assignment operator form `^=' (*note
-     Assignment Expressions: Assignment Ops.).
-
-   * C-compatible operator precedence, which breaks some old `awk'
-     programs (*note Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest):
-     Precedence.).
-
-   * Regexps as the value of `FS' (*note Specifying how Fields are
-     Separated: Field Separators.), and as the third argument to the
-     `split' function (*note Built-in Functions for String
-     Manipulation: String Functions.).
-
-   * Dynamic regexps as operands of the `~' and `!~' operators (*note
-     How to Use Regular Expressions: Regexp Usage.).
-
-   * Escape sequences (*note Constant Expressions: Constants.) in
-     regexps.
-
-   * The escape sequences `\b', `\f', and `\r' (*note Constant
-     Expressions: Constants.).
-
-   * Redirection of input for the `getline' function (*note Explicit
-     Input with `getline': Getline.).
-
-   * Multiple `BEGIN' and `END' rules (*note `BEGIN' and `END' Special
-     Patterns: BEGIN/END.).
-
-   * Simulated multi-dimensional arrays (*note Multi-dimensional
-     Arrays: Multi-dimensional.).
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: S5R4,  Next: POSIX,  Prev: V7/S5R3.1,  Up: Language History
-
-Changes between S5R3.1 and S5R4
-===============================
-
-   The System V Release 4 version of Unix `awk' added these features
-(some of which originated in `gawk'):
-
-   * The `ENVIRON' variable (*note Built-in Variables::.).
-
-   * Multiple `-f' options on the command line (*note Invoking `awk':
-     Command Line.).
-
-   * The `-v' option for assigning variables before program execution
-     begins (*note Invoking `awk': Command Line.).
-
-   * The `--' option for terminating command line options.
-
-   * The `\a', `\v', and `\x' escape sequences (*note Constant
-     Expressions: Constants.).
-
-   * A defined return value for the `srand' built-in function (*note
-     Numeric Built-in Functions: Numeric Functions.).
-
-   * The `toupper' and `tolower' built-in string functions for case
-     translation (*note Built-in Functions for String Manipulation:
-     String Functions.).
-
-   * A cleaner specification for the `%c' format-control letter in the
-     `printf' function (*note Using `printf' Statements for Fancier
-     Printing: Printf.).
-
-   * The ability to dynamically pass the field width and precision
-     (`"%*.*d"') in the argument list of the `printf' function (*note
-     Using `printf' Statements for Fancier Printing: Printf.).
-
-   * The use of constant regexps such as `/foo/' as expressions, where
-     they are equivalent to use of the matching operator, as in `$0 ~
-     /foo/' (*note Constant Expressions: Constants.).
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: POSIX,  Next: POSIX/GNU,  Prev: S5R4,  Up: Language History
-
-Changes between S5R4 and POSIX `awk'
-====================================
-
-   The POSIX Command Language and Utilities standard for `awk'
-introduced the following changes into the language:
-
-   * The use of `-W' for implementation-specific options.
-
-   * The use of `CONVFMT' for controlling the conversion of numbers to
-     strings (*note Conversion of Strings and Numbers: Conversion.).
-
-   * The concept of a numeric string, and tighter comparison rules to go
-     with it (*note Comparison Expressions: Comparison Ops.).
-
-   * More complete documentation of many of the previously undocumented
-     features of the language.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: POSIX/GNU,  Prev: POSIX,  Up: Language History
-
-Extensions in `gawk' not in POSIX `awk'
-=======================================
-
-   The GNU implementation, `gawk', adds these features:
-
-   * The `AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path search for
-     the `-f' command line option (*note Invoking `awk': Command Line.).
-
-   * The various `gawk' specific features available via the `-W'
-     command line option (*note Invoking `awk': Command Line.).
-
-   * The `ARGIND' variable, that tracks the movement of `FILENAME'
-     through `ARGV'.  (*note Built-in Variables::.).
-
-   * The `ERRNO' variable, that contains the system error message when
-     `getline' returns -1, or when `close' fails.  (*note Built-in
-     Variables::.).
-
-   * The `IGNORECASE' variable and its effects (*note Case-sensitivity
-     in Matching: Case-sensitivity.).
-
-   * The `FIELDWIDTHS' variable and its effects (*note Reading
-     Fixed-width Data: Constant Size.).
-
-   * The `next file' statement for skipping to the next data file
-     (*note The `next file' Statement: Next File Statement.).
-
-   * The `systime' and `strftime' built-in functions for obtaining and
-     printing time stamps (*note Functions for Dealing with Time
-     Stamps: Time Functions.).
-
-   * The `/dev/stdin', `/dev/stdout', `/dev/stderr', and `/dev/fd/N'
-     file name interpretation (*note Standard I/O Streams: Special
-     Files.).
-
-   * The `-W compat' option to turn off these extensions (*note
-     Invoking `awk': Command Line.).
-
-   * The `-W posix' option for full POSIX compliance (*note Invoking
-     `awk': Command Line.).
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Gawk Summary,  Prev: Language History,  Up: Top
-
-Installing `gawk'
-*****************
-
-   This chapter provides instructions for installing `gawk' on the
-various platforms that are supported by the developers.  The primary
-developers support Unix (and one day, GNU), while the other ports were
-contributed.  The file `ACKNOWLEDGMENT' in the `gawk' distribution
-lists the electronic mail addresses of the people who did the
-respective ports.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Gawk Distribution::           What is in the `gawk' distribution.
-* Unix Installation::           Installing `gawk' under various versions
-                                of Unix.
-* VMS Installation::            Installing `gawk' on VMS.
-* MS-DOS Installation::         Installing `gawk' on MS-DOS.
-* Atari Installation::          Installing `gawk' on the Atari ST.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Gawk Distribution,  Next: Unix Installation,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Installation
-
-The `gawk' Distribution
-=======================
-
-   This section first describes how to get and extract the `gawk'
-distribution, and then discusses what is in the various files and
-subdirectories.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Extracting::                  How to get and extract the distribution.
-* Distribution contents::       What is in the distribution.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Extracting,  Next: Distribution contents,  Prev: Gawk Distribution,  Up: Gawk Distribution
-
-Getting the `gawk' Distribution
--------------------------------
-
-   `gawk' is distributed as a `tar' file compressed with the GNU Zip
-program, `gzip'.  You can get it via anonymous `ftp' to the Internet
-host `prep.ai.mit.edu'.  Like all GNU software, it will be archived at
-other well known systems, from which it will be possible to use some
-sort of anonymous `uucp' to obtain the distribution as well.  You can
-also order `gawk' on tape or CD-ROM directly from the Free Software
-Foundation.  (The address is on the copyright page.) Doing so directly
-contributes to the support of the foundation and to the production of
-more free software.
-
-   Once you have the distribution (for example, `gawk-2.15.0.tar.z'),
-first use `gzip' to expand the file, and then use `tar' to extract it.
-You can use the following pipeline to produce the `gawk' distribution:
-
-     # Under System V, add 'o' to the tar flags
-     gzip -d -c gawk-2.15.0.tar.z | tar -xvpf -
-
-This will create a directory named `gawk-2.15' in the current directory.
-
-   The distribution file name is of the form `gawk-2.15.N.tar.Z'.  The
-N represents a "patchlevel", meaning that minor bugs have been fixed in
-the major release.  The current patchlevel is 0, but when retrieving
-distributions, you should get the version with the highest patchlevel.
-
-   If you are not on a Unix system, you will need to make other
-arrangements for getting and extracting the `gawk' distribution.  You
-should consult a local expert.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Distribution contents,  Prev: Extracting,  Up: Gawk Distribution
-
-Contents of the `gawk' Distribution
------------------------------------
-
-   `gawk' has a number of C source files, documentation files,
-subdirectories and files related to the configuration process (*note
-Compiling and Installing `gawk' on Unix: Unix Installation.), and
-several subdirectories related to different, non-Unix, operating
-systems.
-
-various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files
-     The C and YACC source files are the actual `gawk' source code.
-
-`README'
-`README.VMS'
-`README.dos'
-`README.rs6000'
-`README.ultrix'
-     Descriptive files: `README' for `gawk' under Unix, and the rest
-     for the various hardware and software combinations.
-
-`PORTS'
-     A list of systems to which `gawk' has been ported, and which have
-     successfully run the test suite.
-
-`ACKNOWLEDGMENT'
-     A list of the people who contributed major parts of the code or
-     documentation.
-
-`NEWS'
-     A list of changes to `gawk' since the last release or patch.
-
-`COPYING'
-     The GNU General Public License.
-
-`FUTURES'
-     A brief list of features and/or changes being contemplated for
-     future releases, with some indication of the time frame for the
-     feature, based on its difficulty.
-
-`LIMITATIONS'
-     A list of those factors that limit `gawk''s performance.  Most of
-     these depend on the hardware or operating system software, and are
-     not limits in `gawk' itself.
-
-`PROBLEMS'
-     A file describing known problems with the current release.
-
-`gawk.1'
-     The `troff' source for a manual page describing `gawk'.
-
-`gawk.texinfo'
-     The `texinfo' source file for this Info file.  It should be
-     processed with TeX to produce a printed manual, and with
-     `makeinfo' to produce the Info file.
-
-`Makefile.in'
-`config'
-`config.in'
-`configure'
-`missing'
-`mungeconf'
-     These files and subdirectories are used when configuring `gawk'
-     for various Unix systems.  They are explained in detail in *Note
-     Compiling and Installing `gawk' on Unix: Unix Installation.
-
-`atari'
-     Files needed for building `gawk' on an Atari ST.  *Note Installing
-     `gawk' on the Atari ST: Atari Installation, for details.
-
-`pc'
-     Files needed for building `gawk' under MS-DOS.  *Note Installing
-     `gawk' on MS-DOS: MS-DOS Installation, for details.
-
-`vms'
-     Files needed for building `gawk' under VMS.  *Note Compiling
-     Installing and Running `gawk' on VMS: VMS Installation, for
-     details.
-
-`test'
-     Many interesting `awk' programs, provided as a test suite for
-     `gawk'.  You can use `make test' from the top level `gawk'
-     directory to run your version of `gawk' against the test suite.
-     If `gawk' successfully passes `make test' then you can be
-     confident of a successful port.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Unix Installation,  Next: VMS Installation,  Prev: Gawk Distribution,  Up: Installation
-
-Compiling and Installing `gawk' on Unix
-=======================================
-
-   Often, you can compile and install `gawk' by typing only two
-commands.  However, if you do not use a supported system, you may need
-to configure `gawk' for your system yourself.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Quick Installation::          Compiling `gawk' on a
-                                supported Unix version.
-* Configuration Philosophy::    How it's all supposed to work.
-* New Configurations::          What to do if there is no supplied
-                                configuration for your system.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Quick Installation,  Next: Configuration Philosophy,  Prev: Unix Installation,  Up: Unix Installation
-
-Compiling `gawk' for a Supported Unix Version
----------------------------------------------
-
-   After you have extracted the `gawk' distribution, `cd' to
-`gawk-2.15'.  Look in the `config' subdirectory for a file that matches
-your hardware/software combination.  In general, only the software is
-relevant; for example `sunos41' is used for SunOS 4.1, on both Sun 3
-and Sun 4 hardware.
-
-   If you find such a file, run the command:
-
-     # assume you have SunOS 4.1
-     ./configure sunos41
-
-   This produces a `Makefile' and `config.h' tailored to your system.
-You may wish to edit the `Makefile' to use a different C compiler, such
-as `gcc', the GNU C compiler, if you have it.  You may also wish to
-change the `CFLAGS' variable, which controls the command line options
-that are passed to the C compiler (such as optimization levels, or
-compiling for debugging).
-
-   After you have configured `Makefile' and `config.h', type:
-
-     make
-
-and shortly thereafter, you should have an executable version of `gawk'.
-That's all there is to it!
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Configuration Philosophy,  Next: New Configurations,  Prev: Quick Installation,  Up: Unix Installation
-
-The Configuration Process
--------------------------
-
-   (This section is of interest only if you know something about using
-the C language and the Unix operating system.)
-
-   The source code for `gawk' generally attempts to adhere to industry
-standards wherever possible.  This means that `gawk' uses library
-routines that are specified by the ANSI C standard and by the POSIX
-operating system interface standard.  When using an ANSI C compiler,
-function prototypes are provided to help improve the compile-time
-checking.
-
-   Many older Unix systems do not support all of either the ANSI or the
-POSIX standards.  The `missing' subdirectory in the `gawk' distribution
-contains replacement versions of those subroutines that are most likely
-to be missing.
-
-   The `config.h' file that is created by the `configure' program
-contains definitions that describe features of the particular operating
-system where you are attempting to compile `gawk'.  For the most part,
-it lists which standard subroutines are *not* available.  For example,
-if your system lacks the `getopt' routine, then `GETOPT_MISSING' would
-be defined.
-
-   `config.h' also defines constants that describe facts about your
-variant of Unix.  For example, there may not be an `st_blksize' element
-in the `stat' structure.  In this case `BLKSIZE_MISSING' would be
-defined.
-
-   Based on the list in `config.h' of standard subroutines that are
-missing, `missing.c' will do a `#include' of the appropriate file(s)
-from the `missing' subdirectory.
-
-   Conditionally compiled code in the other source files relies on the
-other definitions in the `config.h' file.
-
-   Besides creating `config.h', `configure' produces a `Makefile' from
-`Makefile.in'.  There are a number of lines in `Makefile.in' that are
-system or feature specific.  For example, there is line that begins
-with `##MAKE_ALLOCA_C##'.  This is normally a comment line, since it
-starts with `#'.  If a configuration file has `MAKE_ALLOCA_C' in it,
-then `configure' will delete the `##MAKE_ALLOCA_C##' from the beginning
-of the line.  This will enable the rules in the `Makefile' that use a C
-version of `alloca'.  There are several similar features that work in
-this fashion.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: New Configurations,  Prev: Configuration Philosophy,  Up: Unix Installation
-
-Configuring `gawk' for a New System
------------------------------------
-
-   (This section is of interest only if you know something about using
-the C language and the Unix operating system, and if you have to install
-`gawk' on a system that is not supported by the `gawk' distribution.
-If you are a C or Unix novice, get help from a local expert.)
-
-   If you need to configure `gawk' for a Unix system that is not
-supported in the distribution, first see *Note The Configuration
-Process: Configuration Philosophy.  Then, copy `config.in' to
-`config.h', and copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile'.
-
-   Next, edit both files.  Both files are liberally commented, and the
-necessary changes should be straightforward.
-
-   While editing `config.h', you need to determine what library
-routines you do or do not have by consulting your system documentation,
-or by perusing your actual libraries using the `ar' or `nm' utilities.
-In the worst case, simply do not define *any* of the macros for missing
-subroutines.  When you compile `gawk', the final link-editing step will
-fail.  The link editor will provide you with a list of unresolved
-external references--these are the missing subroutines.  Edit
-`config.h' again and recompile, and you should be set.
-
-   Editing the `Makefile' should also be straightforward.  Enable or
-disable the lines that begin with `##MAKE_WHATEVER##', as appropriate.
-Select the correct C compiler and `CFLAGS' for it.  Then run `make'.
-
-   Getting a correct configuration is likely to be an iterative process.
-Do not be discouraged if it takes you several tries.  If you have no
-luck whatsoever, please report your system type, and the steps you took.
-Once you do have a working configuration, please send it to the
-maintainers so that support for your system can be added to the
-official release.
-
-   *Note Reporting Problems and Bugs: Bugs, for information on how to
-report problems in configuring `gawk'.  You may also use the same
-mechanisms for sending in new configurations.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: VMS Installation,  Next: MS-DOS Installation,  Prev: Unix Installation,  Up: Installation
-
-Compiling, Installing, and Running `gawk' on VMS
-================================================
-
-   This section describes how to compile and install `gawk' under VMS.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* VMS Compilation::             How to compile `gawk' under VMS.
-* VMS Installation Details::    How to install `gawk' under VMS.
-* VMS Running::                 How to run `gawk' under VMS.
-* VMS POSIX::                   Alternate instructions for VMS POSIX.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: VMS Compilation,  Next: VMS Installation Details,  Prev: VMS Installation,  Up: VMS Installation
-
-Compiling `gawk' under VMS
---------------------------
-
-   To compile `gawk' under VMS, there is a `DCL' command procedure that
-will issue all the necessary `CC' and `LINK' commands, and there is
-also a `Makefile' for use with the `MMS' utility.  From the source
-directory, use either
-
-     $ @[.VMS]VMSBUILD.COM
-
-or
-
-     $ MMS/DESCRIPTION=[.VMS]DECSRIP.MMS GAWK
-
-   Depending upon which C compiler you are using, follow one of the sets
-of instructions in this table:
-
-VAX C V3.x
-     Use either `vmsbuild.com' or `descrip.mms' as is.  These use
-     `CC/OPTIMIZE=NOLINE', which is essential for Version 3.0.
-
-VAX C V2.x
-     You must have Version 2.3 or 2.4; older ones won't work.  Edit
-     either `vmsbuild.com' or `descrip.mms' according to the comments
-     in them.  For `vmsbuild.com', this just entails removing two `!'
-     delimiters.  Also edit `config.h' (which is a copy of file
-     `[.config]vms-conf.h') and comment out or delete the two lines
-     `#define __STDC__ 0' and `#define VAXC_BUILTINS' near the end.
-
-GNU C
-     Edit `vmsbuild.com' or `descrip.mms'; the changes are different
-     from those for VAX C V2.x, but equally straightforward.  No
-     changes to `config.h' should be needed.
-
-DEC C
-     Edit `vmsbuild.com' or `descrip.mms' according to their comments.
-     No changes to `config.h' should be needed.
-
-   `gawk' 2.15 has been tested under VAX/VMS 5.5-1 using VAX C V3.2,
-GNU C 1.40 and 2.3.  It should work without modifications for VMS V4.6
-and up.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: VMS Installation Details,  Next: VMS Running,  Prev: VMS Compilation,  Up: VMS Installation
-
-Installing `gawk' on VMS
-------------------------
-
-   To install `gawk', all you need is a "foreign" command, which is a
-`DCL' symbol whose value begins with a dollar sign.
-
-     $ GAWK :== $device:[directory]GAWK
-
-(Substitute the actual location of `gawk.exe' for
-`device:[directory]'.) The symbol should be placed in the `login.com'
-of any user who wishes to run `gawk', so that it will be defined every
-time the user logs on.  Alternatively, the symbol may be placed in the
-system-wide `sylogin.com' procedure, which will allow all users to run
-`gawk'.
-
-   Optionally, the help entry can be loaded into a VMS help library:
-
-     $ LIBRARY/HELP SYS$HELP:HELPLIB [.VMS]GAWK.HLP
-
-(You may want to substitute a site-specific help library rather than
-the standard VMS library `HELPLIB'.)  After loading the help text,
-
-     $ HELP GAWK
-
-will provide information about both the `gawk' implementation and the
-`awk' programming language.
-
-   The logical name `AWK_LIBRARY' can designate a default location for
-`awk' program files.  For the `-f' option, if the specified filename
-has no device or directory path information in it, `gawk' will look in
-the current directory first, then in the directory specified by the
-translation of `AWK_LIBRARY' if the file was not found.  If after
-searching in both directories, the file still is not found, then `gawk'
-appends the suffix `.awk' to the filename and the file search will be
-re-tried.  If `AWK_LIBRARY' is not defined, that portion of the file
-search will fail benignly.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: VMS Running,  Next: VMS POSIX,  Prev: VMS Installation Details,  Up: VMS Installation
-
-Running `gawk' on VMS
----------------------
-
-   Command line parsing and quoting conventions are significantly
-different on VMS, so examples in this manual or from other sources
-often need minor changes.  They *are* minor though, and all `awk'
-programs should run correctly.
-
-   Here are a couple of trivial tests:
-
-     $ gawk -- "BEGIN {print ""Hello, World!""}"
-     $ gawk -"W" version     ! could also be -"W version" or "-W version"
-
-Note that upper-case and mixed-case text must be quoted.
-
-   The VMS port of `gawk' includes a `DCL'-style interface in addition
-to the original shell-style interface (see the help entry for details).
-One side-effect of dual command line parsing is that if there is only a
-single parameter (as in the quoted string program above), the command
-becomes ambiguous.  To work around this, the normally optional `--'
-flag is required to force Unix style rather than `DCL' parsing.  If any
-other dash-type options (or multiple parameters such as data files to be
-processed) are present, there is no ambiguity and `--' can be omitted.
-
-   The default search path when looking for `awk' program files
-specified by the `-f' option is `"SYS$DISK:[],AWK_LIBRARY:"'.  The
-logical name `AWKPATH' can be used to override this default.  The format
-of `AWKPATH' is a comma-separated list of directory specifications.
-When defining it, the value should be quoted so that it retains a single
-translation, and not a multi-translation `RMS' searchlist.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: VMS POSIX,  Prev: VMS Running,  Up: VMS Installation
-
-Building and using `gawk' under VMS POSIX
------------------------------------------
-
-   Ignore the instructions above, although `vms/gawk.hlp' should still
-be made available in a help library.  Make sure that the two scripts,
-`configure' and `mungeconf', are executable; use `chmod +x' on them if
-necessary.  Then execute the following commands:
-
-     $ POSIX
-     psx> configure vms-posix
-     psx> make awktab.c gawk
-
-The first command will construct files `config.h' and `Makefile' out of
-templates.  The second command will compile and link `gawk'.  Due to a
-`make' bug in VMS POSIX V1.0 and V1.1, the file `awktab.c' must be
-given as an explicit target or it will not be built and the final link
-step will fail.  Ignore the warning `"Could not find lib m in lib
-list"'; it is harmless, caused by the explicit use of `-lm' as a linker
-option which is not needed under VMS POSIX.  Under V1.1 (but not V1.0)
-a problem with the `yacc' skeleton `/etc/yyparse.c' will cause a
-compiler warning for `awktab.c', followed by a linker warning about
-compilation warnings in the resulting object module.  These warnings
-can be ignored.
-
-   Once built, `gawk' will work like any other shell utility.  Unlike
-the normal VMS port of `gawk', no special command line manipulation is
-needed in the VMS POSIX environment.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: MS-DOS Installation,  Next: Atari Installation,  Prev: VMS Installation,  Up: Installation
-
-Installing `gawk' on MS-DOS
-===========================
-
-   The first step is to get all the files in the `gawk' distribution
-onto your PC.  Move all the files from the `pc' directory into the main
-directory where the other files are.  Edit the file `make.bat' so that
-it will be an acceptable MS-DOS batch file.  This means making sure
-that all lines are terminated with the ASCII carriage return and line
-feed characters.  restrictions.
-
-   `gawk' has only been compiled with version 5.1 of the Microsoft C
-compiler.  The file `make.bat' from the `pc' directory assumes that you
-have this compiler.
-
-   Copy the file `setargv.obj' from the library directory where it
-resides to the `gawk' source code directory.
-
-   Run `make.bat'.  This will compile `gawk' for you, and link it.
-That's all there is to it!
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Atari Installation,  Prev: MS-DOS Installation,  Up: Installation
-
-Installing `gawk' on the Atari ST
-=================================
-
-   This section assumes that you are running TOS.  It applies to other
-Atari models (STe, TT) as well.
-
-   In order to use `gawk', you need to have a shell, either text or
-graphics, that does not map all the characters of a command line to
-upper case.  Maintaining case distinction in option flags is very
-important (*note Invoking `awk': Command Line.).  Popular shells like
-`gulam' or `gemini' will work, as will newer versions of `desktop'.
-Support for I/O redirection is necessary to make it easy to import
-`awk' programs from other environments.  Pipes are nice to have, but
-not vital.
-
-   If you have received an executable version of `gawk', place it, as
-usual, anywhere in your `PATH' where your shell will find it.
-
-   While executing, `gawk' creates a number of temporary files.  `gawk'
-looks for either of the environment variables `TEMP' or `TMPDIR', in
-that order.  If either one is found, its value is assumed to be a
-directory for temporary files.  This directory must exist, and if you
-can spare the memory, it is a good idea to put it on a RAM drive.  If
-neither `TEMP' nor `TMPDIR' are found, then `gawk' uses the current
-directory for its temporary files.
-
-   The ST version of `gawk' searches for its program files as described
-in *Note The `AWKPATH' Environment Variable: AWKPATH Variable.  On the
-ST, the default value for the `AWKPATH' variable is
-`".,c:\lib\awk,c:\gnu\lib\awk"'.  The search path can be modified by
-explicitly setting `AWKPATH' to whatever you wish.  Note that colons
-cannot be used on the ST to separate elements in the `AWKPATH'
-variable, since they have another, reserved, meaning.  Instead, you
-must use a comma to separate elements in the path.  If you are
-recompiling `gawk' on the ST, then you can choose a new default search
-path, by setting the value of `DEFPATH' in the file `...\config\atari'.
-You may choose a different separator character by setting the value of
-`ENVSEP' in the same file.  The new values will be used when creating
-the header file `config.h'.
-
-   Although `awk' allows great flexibility in doing I/O redirections
-from within a program, this facility should be used with care on the ST.
-In some circumstances the OS routines for file handle pool processing
-lose track of certain events, causing the computer to crash, and
-requiring a reboot.  Often a warm reboot is sufficient.  Fortunately,
-this happens infrequently, and in rather esoteric situations.  In
-particular, avoid having one part of an `awk' program using `print'
-statements explicitly redirected to `"/dev/stdout"', while other
-`print' statements use the default standard output, and a calling shell
-has redirected standard output to a file.
-
-   When `gawk' is compiled with the ST version of `gcc' and its usual
-libraries, it will accept both `/' and `\' as path separators.  While
-this is convenient, it should be remembered that this removes one,
-technically legal, character (`/') from your file names, and that it
-may create problems for external programs, called via the `system()'
-function, which may not support this convention.  Whenever it is
-possible that a file created by `gawk' will be used by some other
-program, use only backslashes.  Also remember that in `awk',
-backslashes in strings have to be doubled in order to get literal
-backslashes.
-
-   The initial port of `gawk' to the ST was done with `gcc'.  If you
-wish to recompile `gawk' from scratch, you will need to use a compiler
-that accepts ANSI standard C (such as `gcc', Turbo C, or Prospero C).
-If `sizeof(int) != sizeof(int *)', the correctness of the generated
-code depends heavily on the fact that all function calls have function
-prototypes in the current scope.  If your compiler does not accept
-function prototypes, you will probably have to add a number of casts to
-the code.
-
-   If you are using `gcc', make sure that you have up-to-date libraries.
-Older versions have problems with some library functions (`atan2()',
-`strftime()', the `%g' conversion in `sprintf()') which may affect the
-operation of `gawk'.
-
-   In the `atari' subdirectory of the `gawk' distribution is a version
-of the `system()' function that has been tested with `gulam' and `msh';
-it should work with other shells as well.  With `gulam', it passes the
-string to be executed without spawning an extra copy of a shell.  It is
-possible to replace this version of `system()' with a similar function
-from a library or from some other source if that version would be a
-better choice for the shell you prefer.
-
-   The files needed to recompile `gawk' on the ST can be found in the
-`atari' directory.  The provided files and instructions below assume
-that you have the GNU C compiler (`gcc'), the `gulam' shell, and an ST
-version of `sed'. The `Makefile' is set up to use `byacc' as a `yacc'
-replacement.  With a different set of tools some adjustments and/or
-editing will be needed.
-
-   `cd' to the `atari' directory.  Copy `Makefile.st' to `makefile' in
-the source (parent) directory.  Possibly adjust `../config/atari' to
-suit your system.  Execute the script `mkconf.g' which will create the
-header file `../config.h'.  Go back to the source directory.  If you
-are not using `gcc', check the file `missing.c'.  It may be necessary
-to change forward slashes in the references to files from the `atari'
-subdirectory into backslashes.  Type `make' and enjoy.
-
-   Compilation with `gcc' of some of the bigger modules, like
-`awk_tab.c', may require a full four megabytes of memory.  On smaller
-machines you would need to cut down on optimizations, or you would have
-to switch to another, less memory hungry, compiler.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Gawk Summary,  Next: Sample Program,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
-
-`gawk' Summary
-**************
-
-   This appendix provides a brief summary of the `gawk' command line
-and the `awk' language.  It is designed to serve as "quick reference."
-It is therefore terse, but complete.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Command Line Summary::        Recapitulation of the command line.
-* Language Summary::            A terse review of the language.
-* Variables/Fields::            Variables, fields, and arrays.
-* Rules Summary::               Patterns and Actions, and their
-                                component parts.
-* Functions Summary::           Defining and calling functions.
-* Historical Features::         Some undocumented but supported "features".
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Command Line Summary,  Next: Language Summary,  Prev: Gawk Summary,  Up: Gawk Summary
-
-Command Line Options Summary
-============================
-
-   The command line consists of options to `gawk' itself, the `awk'
-program text (if not supplied via the `-f' option), and values to be
-made available in the `ARGC' and `ARGV' predefined `awk' variables:
-
-     awk [POSIX OR GNU STYLE OPTIONS] -f source-file [`--'] FILE ...
-     awk [POSIX OR GNU STYLE OPTIONS] [`--'] 'PROGRAM' FILE ...
-
-   The options that `gawk' accepts are:
-
-`-F FS'
-`--field-separator=FS'
-     Use FS for the input field separator (the value of the `FS'
-     predefined variable).
-
-`-f PROGRAM-FILE'
-`--file=PROGRAM-FILE'
-     Read the `awk' program source from the file PROGRAM-FILE, instead
-     of from the first command line argument.
-
-`-v VAR=VAL'
-`--assign=VAR=VAL'
-     Assign the variable VAR the value VAL before program execution
-     begins.
-
-`-W compat'
-`--compat'
-     Specifies compatibility mode, in which `gawk' extensions are turned
-     off.
-
-`-W copyleft'
-`-W copyright'
-`--copyleft'
-`--copyright'
-     Print the short version of the General Public License on the error
-     output.  This option may disappear in a future version of `gawk'.
-
-`-W help'
-`-W usage'
-`--help'
-`--usage'
-     Print a relatively short summary of the available options on the
-     error output.
-
-`-W lint'
-`--lint'
-     Give warnings about dubious or non-portable `awk' constructs.
-
-`-W posix'
-`--posix'
-     Specifies POSIX compatibility mode, in which `gawk' extensions are
-     turned off and additional restrictions apply.
-
-`-W source=PROGRAM-TEXT'
-`--source=PROGRAM-TEXT'
-     Use PROGRAM-TEXT as `awk' program source code.  This option allows
-     mixing command line source code with source code from files, and is
-     particularly useful for mixing command line programs with library
-     functions.
-
-`-W version'
-`--version'
-     Print version information for this particular copy of `gawk' on
-     the error output.  This option may disappear in a future version
-     of `gawk'.
-
-`--'
-     Signal the end of options.  This is useful to allow further
-     arguments to the `awk' program itself to start with a `-'.  This
-     is mainly for consistency with the argument parsing conventions of
-     POSIX.
-
-   Any other options are flagged as invalid, but are otherwise ignored.
-*Note Invoking `awk': Command Line, for more details.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Language Summary,  Next: Variables/Fields,  Prev: Command Line Summary,  Up: Gawk Summary
-
-Language Summary
-================
-
-   An `awk' program consists of a sequence of pattern-action statements
-and optional function definitions.
-
-     PATTERN    { ACTION STATEMENTS }
-     
-     function NAME(PARAMETER LIST)     { ACTION STATEMENTS }
-
-   `gawk' first reads the program source from the PROGRAM-FILE(s) if
-specified, or from the first non-option argument on the command line.
-The `-f' option may be used multiple times on the command line.  `gawk'
-reads the program text from all the PROGRAM-FILE files, effectively
-concatenating them in the order they are specified.  This is useful for
-building libraries of `awk' functions, without having to include them
-in each new `awk' program that uses them.  To use a library function in
-a file from a program typed in on the command line, specify `-f
-/dev/tty'; then type your program, and end it with a `Control-d'.
-*Note Invoking `awk': Command Line.
-
-   The environment variable `AWKPATH' specifies a search path to use
-when finding source files named with the `-f' option.  The default
-path, which is `.:/usr/lib/awk:/usr/local/lib/awk' is used if `AWKPATH'
-is not set.  If a file name given to the `-f' option contains a `/'
-character, no path search is performed.  *Note The `AWKPATH'
-Environment Variable: AWKPATH Variable, for a full description of the
-`AWKPATH' environment variable.
-
-   `gawk' compiles the program into an internal form, and then proceeds
-to read each file named in the `ARGV' array.  If there are no files
-named on the command line, `gawk' reads the standard input.
-
-   If a "file" named on the command line has the form `VAR=VAL', it is
-treated as a variable assignment: the variable VAR is assigned the
-value VAL.  If any of the files have a value that is the null string,
-that element in the list is skipped.
-
-   For each line in the input, `gawk' tests to see if it matches any
-PATTERN in the `awk' program.  For each pattern that the line matches,
-the associated ACTION is executed.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Variables/Fields,  Next: Rules Summary,  Prev: Language Summary,  Up: Gawk Summary
-
-Variables and Fields
-====================
-
-   `awk' variables are dynamic; they come into existence when they are
-first used.  Their values are either floating-point numbers or strings.
-`awk' also has one-dimension arrays; multiple-dimensional arrays may be
-simulated.  There are several predefined variables that `awk' sets as a
-program runs; these are summarized below.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Fields Summary::              Input field splitting.
-* Built-in Summary::            `awk''s built-in variables.
-* Arrays Summary::              Using arrays.
-* Data Type Summary::           Values in `awk' are numbers or strings.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Fields Summary,  Next: Built-in Summary,  Prev: Variables/Fields,  Up: Variables/Fields
-
-Fields
-------
-
-   As each input line is read, `gawk' splits the line into FIELDS,
-using the value of the `FS' variable as the field separator.  If `FS'
-is a single character, fields are separated by that character.
-Otherwise, `FS' is expected to be a full regular expression.  In the
-special case that `FS' is a single blank, fields are separated by runs
-of blanks and/or tabs.  Note that the value of `IGNORECASE' (*note
-Case-sensitivity in Matching: Case-sensitivity.) also affects how
-fields are split when `FS' is a regular expression.
-
-   Each field in the input line may be referenced by its position, `$1',
-`$2', and so on.  `$0' is the whole line.  The value of a field may be
-assigned to as well.  Field numbers need not be constants:
-
-     n = 5
-     print $n
-
-prints the fifth field in the input line.  The variable `NF' is set to
-the total number of fields in the input line.
-
-   References to nonexistent fields (i.e., fields after `$NF') return
-the null-string.  However, assigning to a nonexistent field (e.g.,
-`$(NF+2) = 5') increases the value of `NF', creates any intervening
-fields with the null string as their value, and causes the value of
-`$0' to be recomputed, with the fields being separated by the value of
-`OFS'.
-
-   *Note Reading Input Files: Reading Files, for a full description of
-the way `awk' defines and uses fields.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Built-in Summary,  Next: Arrays Summary,  Prev: Fields Summary,  Up: Variables/Fields
-
-Built-in Variables
-------------------
-
-   `awk''s built-in variables are:
-
-`ARGC'
-     The number of command line arguments (not including options or the
-     `awk' program itself).
-
-`ARGIND'
-     The index in `ARGV' of the current file being processed.  It is
-     always true that `FILENAME == ARGV[ARGIND]'.
-
-`ARGV'
-     The array of command line arguments.  The array is indexed from 0
-     to `ARGC' - 1.  Dynamically changing the contents of `ARGV' can
-     control the files used for data.
-
-`CONVFMT'
-     The conversion format to use when converting numbers to strings.
-
-`FIELDWIDTHS'
-     A space separated list of numbers describing the fixed-width input
-     data.
-
-`ENVIRON'
-     An array containing the values of the environment variables.  The
-     array is indexed by variable name, each element being the value of
-     that variable.  Thus, the environment variable `HOME' would be in
-     `ENVIRON["HOME"]'.  Its value might be `/u/close'.
-
-     Changing this array does not affect the environment seen by
-     programs which `gawk' spawns via redirection or the `system'
-     function.  (This may change in a future version of `gawk'.)
-
-     Some operating systems do not have environment variables.  The
-     array `ENVIRON' is empty when running on these systems.
-
-`ERRNO'
-     The system error message when an error occurs using `getline' or
-     `close'.
-
-`FILENAME'
-     The name of the current input file.  If no files are specified on
-     the command line, the value of `FILENAME' is `-'.
-
-`FNR'
-     The input record number in the current input file.
-
-`FS'
-     The input field separator, a blank by default.
-
-`IGNORECASE'
-     The case-sensitivity flag for regular expression operations.  If
-     `IGNORECASE' has a nonzero value, then pattern matching in rules,
-     field splitting with `FS', regular expression matching with `~'
-     and `!~', and the `gsub', `index', `match', `split' and `sub'
-     predefined functions all ignore case when doing regular expression
-     operations.
-
-`NF'
-     The number of fields in the current input record.
-
-`NR'
-     The total number of input records seen so far.
-
-`OFMT'
-     The output format for numbers for the `print' statement, `"%.6g"'
-     by default.
-
-`OFS'
-     The output field separator, a blank by default.
-
-`ORS'
-     The output record separator, by default a newline.
-
-`RS'
-     The input record separator, by default a newline.  `RS' is
-     exceptional in that only the first character of its string value
-     is used for separating records.  If `RS' is set to the null
-     string, then records are separated by blank lines.  When `RS' is
-     set to the null string, then the newline character always acts as
-     a field separator, in addition to whatever value `FS' may have.
-
-`RSTART'
-     The index of the first character matched by `match'; 0 if no match.
-
-`RLENGTH'
-     The length of the string matched by `match'; -1 if no match.
-
-`SUBSEP'
-     The string used to separate multiple subscripts in array elements,
-     by default `"\034"'.
-
-   *Note Built-in Variables::, for more information.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Arrays Summary,  Next: Data Type Summary,  Prev: Built-in Summary,  Up: Variables/Fields
-
-Arrays
-------
-
-   Arrays are subscripted with an expression between square brackets
-(`[' and `]').  Array subscripts are *always* strings; numbers are
-converted to strings as necessary, following the standard conversion
-rules (*note Conversion of Strings and Numbers: Conversion.).
-
-   If you use multiple expressions separated by commas inside the square
-brackets, then the array subscript is a string consisting of the
-concatenation of the individual subscript values, converted to strings,
-separated by the subscript separator (the value of `SUBSEP').
-
-   The special operator `in' may be used in an `if' or `while'
-statement to see if an array has an index consisting of a particular
-value.
-
-     if (val in array)
-             print array[val]
-
-   If the array has multiple subscripts, use `(i, j, ...) in array' to
-test for existence of an element.
-
-   The `in' construct may also be used in a `for' loop to iterate over
-all the elements of an array.  *Note Scanning all Elements of an Array:
-Scanning an Array.
-
-   An element may be deleted from an array using the `delete' statement.
-
-   *Note Arrays in `awk': Arrays, for more detailed information.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Data Type Summary,  Prev: Arrays Summary,  Up: Variables/Fields
-
-Data Types
-----------
-
-   The value of an `awk' expression is always either a number or a
-string.
-
-   Certain contexts (such as arithmetic operators) require numeric
-values.  They convert strings to numbers by interpreting the text of
-the string as a numeral.  If the string does not look like a numeral,
-it converts to 0.
-
-   Certain contexts (such as concatenation) require string values.
-They convert numbers to strings by effectively printing them with
-`sprintf'.  *Note Conversion of Strings and Numbers: Conversion, for
-the details.
-
-   To force conversion of a string value to a number, simply add 0 to
-it.  If the value you start with is already a number, this does not
-change it.
-
-   To force conversion of a numeric value to a string, concatenate it
-with the null string.
-
-   The `awk' language defines comparisons as being done numerically if
-both operands are numeric, or if one is numeric and the other is a
-numeric string.  Otherwise one or both operands are converted to
-strings and a string comparison is performed.
-
-   Uninitialized variables have the string value `""' (the null, or
-empty, string).  In contexts where a number is required, this is
-equivalent to 0.
-
-   *Note Variables::, for more information on variable naming and
-initialization; *note Conversion of Strings and Numbers: Conversion.,
-for more information on how variable values are interpreted.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Rules Summary,  Next: Functions Summary,  Prev: Variables/Fields,  Up: Gawk Summary
-
-Patterns and Actions
-====================
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Pattern Summary::             Quick overview of patterns.
-* Regexp Summary::              Quick overview of regular expressions.
-* Actions Summary::             Quick overview of actions.
-
-   An `awk' program is mostly composed of rules, each consisting of a
-pattern followed by an action.  The action is enclosed in `{' and `}'.
-Either the pattern may be missing, or the action may be missing, but,
-of course, not both.  If the pattern is missing, the action is executed
-for every single line of input.  A missing action is equivalent to this
-action,
-
-     { print }
-
-which prints the entire line.
-
-   Comments begin with the `#' character, and continue until the end of
-the line.  Blank lines may be used to separate statements.  Normally, a
-statement ends with a newline, however, this is not the case for lines
-ending in a `,', `{', `?', `:', `&&', or `||'.  Lines ending in `do' or
-`else' also have their statements automatically continued on the
-following line.  In other cases, a line can be continued by ending it
-with a `\', in which case the newline is ignored.
-
-   Multiple statements may be put on one line by separating them with a
-`;'.  This applies to both the statements within the action part of a
-rule (the usual case), and to the rule statements.
-
-   *Note Comments in `awk' Programs: Comments, for information on
-`awk''s commenting convention; *note `awk' Statements versus Lines:
-Statements/Lines., for a description of the line continuation mechanism
-in `awk'.
-
-
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Pattern Summary,  Next: Regexp Summary,  Prev: Rules Summary,  Up: Rules Summary
-
-Patterns
---------
-
-   `awk' patterns may be one of the following:
-
-     /REGULAR EXPRESSION/
-     RELATIONAL EXPRESSION
-     PATTERN && PATTERN
-     PATTERN || PATTERN
-     PATTERN ? PATTERN : PATTERN
-     (PATTERN)
-     ! PATTERN
-     PATTERN1, PATTERN2
-     BEGIN
-     END
-
-   `BEGIN' and `END' are two special kinds of patterns that are not
-tested against the input.  The action parts of all `BEGIN' rules are
-merged as if all the statements had been written in a single `BEGIN'
-rule.  They are executed before any of the input is read.  Similarly,
-all the `END' rules are merged, and executed when all the input is
-exhausted (or when an `exit' statement is executed).  `BEGIN' and `END'
-patterns cannot be combined with other patterns in pattern expressions.
-`BEGIN' and `END' rules cannot have missing action parts.
-
-   For `/REGULAR-EXPRESSION/' patterns, the associated statement is
-executed for each input line that matches the regular expression.
-Regular expressions are extensions of those in `egrep', and are
-summarized below.
-
-   A RELATIONAL EXPRESSION may use any of the operators defined below in
-the section on actions.  These generally test whether certain fields
-match certain regular expressions.
-
-   The `&&', `||', and `!' operators are logical "and," logical "or,"
-and logical "not," respectively, as in C.  They do short-circuit
-evaluation, also as in C, and are used for combining more primitive
-pattern expressions.  As in most languages, parentheses may be used to
-change the order of evaluation.
-
-   The `?:' operator is like the same operator in C.  If the first
-pattern matches, then the second pattern is matched against the input
-record; otherwise, the third is matched.  Only one of the second and
-third patterns is matched.
-
-   The `PATTERN1, PATTERN2' form of a pattern is called a range
-pattern.  It matches all input lines starting with a line that matches
-PATTERN1, and continuing until a line that matches PATTERN2, inclusive.
-A range pattern cannot be used as an operand to any of the pattern
-operators.
-
-   *Note Patterns::, for a full description of the pattern part of `awk'
-rules.
-