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| author | Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> | 2011-01-05 20:39:51 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> | 2011-01-05 20:39:51 +0200 |
| commit | 0efc1fb65a3b1787b0dd78e5ec6369d67a5351a5 (patch) | |
| tree | 8c466f6eb7ebb71ad8c75025326aa13085055321 /doc/gawk.info | |
| parent | 72bc84e8200de324ca4d24753bfd5f4773e221f5 (diff) | |
| download | egawk-0efc1fb65a3b1787b0dd78e5ec6369d67a5351a5.tar.gz egawk-0efc1fb65a3b1787b0dd78e5ec6369d67a5351a5.tar.bz2 egawk-0efc1fb65a3b1787b0dd78e5ec6369d67a5351a5.zip | |
Improve autoconf. More doc updates.
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1218 |
1 files changed, 595 insertions, 623 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index a1a20461..7e7f1ff5 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) * POSIX/GNU:: The extensions in `gawk' not in POSIX `awk'. * Contributors:: The major contributors to `gawk'. +* Common Extensions:: Common Extensions Summary. * Gawk Distribution:: What is in the `gawk' distribution. * Getting:: How to get the distribution. * Extracting:: How to extract the distribution. @@ -2294,11 +2295,10 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `-P' `--posix' Operate in strict POSIX mode. This disables all `gawk' extensions - (just like `--traditional') and adds the following additional - restrictions: - - * `\x' escape sequences are not recognized (*note Escape - Sequences::). + (just like `--traditional') and disables all extensions not + allowed by POSIX. *Note Common Extensions::, for a summary of the + extensions in `gawk' that are disabled by this option. Also, the + following additional restrictions apply: * Newlines do not act as whitespace to separate fields when `FS' is equal to a single space (*note Fields::). @@ -2306,13 +2306,6 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: * Newlines are not allowed after `?' or `:' (*note Conditional Exp::). - * The synonym `func' for the keyword `function' is not - recognized (*note Definition Syntax::). - - * The `**' and `**=' operators cannot be used in place of `^' - and `^=' (*note Arithmetic Ops::, and also *note Assignment - Ops::). - * Specifying `-Ft' on the command-line does not set the value of `FS' to be a single TAB character (*note Field Separators::). @@ -2320,9 +2313,6 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: * The locale's decimal point character is used for parsing input data (*note Locales::). - * The `fflush()' built-in function is not supported (*note I/O - Functions::). - If you supply both `--traditional' and `--posix' on the command line, `--posix' takes precedence. `gawk' also issues a warning if both options are supplied. @@ -3792,7 +3782,7 @@ variable `RT' to the text in the input that matched `RS'. When using `gawk', the value of `RS' is not limited to a one-character string. It can be any regular expression (*note -Regexp::). In general, each record ends at the next string that +Regexp::). (c.e.) In general, each record ends at the next string that matches the regular expression; the next record starts at the end of the matching string. This general rule is actually at work in the usual case, where `RS' contains just a newline: a record ends at the @@ -4305,8 +4295,8 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Single Character Fields, Next: Command Line Field Separ There are times when you may want to examine each character of a record separately. This can be done in `gawk' by simply assigning the null -string (`""') to `FS'. In this case, each individual character in the -record becomes a separate field. For example: +string (`""') to `FS'. (c.e.) In this case, each individual character +in the record becomes a separate field. For example: $ echo a b | gawk 'BEGIN { FS = "" } > { @@ -6107,11 +6097,12 @@ run from a background job, it may not have a terminal at all. Then opening `/dev/tty' fails. `gawk' provides special file names for accessing the three standard -streams, as well as any other inherited open files. If the file name -matches one of these special names when `gawk' redirects input or -output, then it directly uses the stream that the file name stands for. -These special file names work for all operating systems that `gawk' has -been ported to, not just those that are POSIX-compliant: +streams. (c.e.). It also provides syntax for accessing any other +inherited open files. If the file name matches one of these special +names when `gawk' redirects input or output, then it directly uses the +stream that the file name stands for. These special file names work +for all operating systems that `gawk' has been ported to, not just +those that are POSIX-compliant: `/dev/stdin' The standard input (file descriptor 0). @@ -8928,8 +8919,8 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Nextfile Statement, Next: Exit Statement, Prev: Next S ----------------------------------------- `gawk' provides the `nextfile' statement, which is similar to the -`next' statement. However, instead of abandoning processing of the -current record, the `nextfile' statement instructs `gawk' to stop +`next' statement. (c.e.) However, instead of abandoning processing of +the current record, the `nextfile' statement instructs `gawk' to stop processing the current data file. The `nextfile' statement is a `gawk' extension. In most other `awk' @@ -9930,7 +9921,8 @@ issues a warning message when an element that is not in the array is deleted. All the elements of an array may be deleted with a single statement -by leaving off the subscript in the `delete' statement, as follows: +(c.e.) by leaving off the subscript in the `delete' statement, as +follows: delete ARRAY @@ -10751,12 +10743,12 @@ with a pound sign (`#'): With `gawk' and several other `awk' implementations, when supplied an array argument, the `length()' function returns the number of - elements in the array. This is less useful than it might seem at - first, as the array is not guaranteed to be indexed from one to - the number of elements in it. If `--lint' is provided on the - command line (*note Options::), `gawk' warns that passing an array - argument is not portable. If `--posix' is supplied, using an - array argument is a fatal error (*note Arrays::). + elements in the array. (c.e.) This is less useful than it might + seem at first, as the array is not guaranteed to be indexed from + one to the number of elements in it. If `--lint' is provided on + the command line (*note Options::), `gawk' warns that passing an + array argument is not portable. If `--posix' is supplied, using + an array argument is a fatal error (*note Arrays::). `match(STRING, REGEXP [, ARRAY])' Search STRING for the longest, leftmost substring matched by the @@ -11971,10 +11963,11 @@ function. When this happens, we say the function is "recursive". The act of a function calling itself is called "recursion". In many `awk' implementations, including `gawk', the keyword -`function' may be abbreviated `func'. However, POSIX only specifies -the use of the keyword `function'. This actually has some practical -implications. If `gawk' is in POSIX-compatibility mode (*note -Options::), then the following statement does _not_ define a function: +`function' may be abbreviated `func'. (c.e.) However, POSIX only +specifies the use of the keyword `function'. This actually has some +practical implications. If `gawk' is in POSIX-compatibility mode +(*note Options::), then the following statement does _not_ define a +function: func foo() { a = sqrt($1) ; print a } @@ -19154,6 +19147,7 @@ find more information. version of `awk'. * POSIX/GNU:: The extensions in `gawk' not in POSIX `awk'. +* Common Extensions:: Common Extensions Summary. * Contributors:: The major contributors to `gawk'. @@ -19286,44 +19280,8 @@ introduced the following changes into the language: * More complete documentation of many of the previously undocumented features of the language. - The following common extensions are not permitted by the POSIX -standard: - - * `\x' escape sequences are not recognized (*note Escape - Sequences::). - - * Newlines do not act as whitespace to separate fields when `FS' is - equal to a single space (*note Fields::). - - * Newlines are not allowed after `?' or `:' (*note Conditional - Exp::). - - * The synonym `func' for the keyword `function' is not recognized - (*note Definition Syntax::). - - * The operators `**' and `**=' cannot be used in place of `^' and - `^=' (*note Arithmetic Ops::, and *note Assignment Ops::). - - * Specifying `-Ft' on the command line does not set the value of - `FS' to be a single TAB character (*note Field Separators::). - - * The locale's decimal point character is used for parsing input - data (*note Locales::). - - * The `fflush()' built-in function is not supported (*note I/O - Functions::). - - * The ability for `FS' and for the third argument to `split()' to be - null strings (*note Single Character Fields::). - - * The `nextfile' statement (*note Nextfile Statement::). - - * The ability to delete all of an array at once with `delete ARRAY' - (*note Delete::). - - * The ability for the `length()' function to accept an array - argument and return the number of elements in the array. (*note - String Functions::). + *Note Common Extensions::, for a list of common extensions not +permitted by the POSIX standard. The 2008 POSIX standard can be found online at `http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/'. @@ -19334,13 +19292,11 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: BTL, Next: POSIX/GNU, Prev: POSIX, Up: Language Histo A.4 Extensions in Brian Kernighan's `awk' ========================================= -Brian Kernighan, one of the original designers of Unix `awk', has made -his version available via his home page (*note Other Versions::). This -minor node describes extensions in his version of `awk' that are not in -POSIX `awk': +Brian Kernighan has made his version available via his home page (*note +Other Versions::). - * The `fflush()' built-in function for flushing buffered output - (*note I/O Functions::). + This minor node describes common extensions that originally appeared +in his version of `awk'. * The `**' and `**=' operators (*note Arithmetic Ops:: and *note Assignment Ops::). @@ -19348,29 +19304,15 @@ POSIX `awk': * The use of `func' as an abbreviation for `function' (*note Definition Syntax::). + * The `fflush()' built-in function for flushing buffered output + (*note I/O Functions::). - Brian Kernighan's `awk' also incorporates the following extensions, -originally developed for `gawk': - - * The `\x' escape sequence (*note Escape Sequences::). - - * The `/dev/stdin', `/dev/stdout', and `/dev/stderr' special files - (*note Special Files::). - - * The ability for `FS' and for the third argument to `split()' to be - null strings (*note Single Character Fields::). - - * The `nextfile' statement (*note Nextfile Statement::). - - * The ability to delete all of an array at once with `delete ARRAY' - (*note Delete::). - * The ability for the `length()' function to accept an array - argument and return the number of elements in the array. (*note - String Functions::). + *Note Common Extensions::, for a full list of the extensions +available in his `awk'. -File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX/GNU, Next: Contributors, Prev: BTL, Up: Language History +File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX/GNU, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: BTL, Up: Language History A.5 Extensions in `gawk' Not in POSIX `awk' =========================================== @@ -19519,9 +19461,37 @@ the current version of `gawk'. -File: gawk.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History +File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Contributors, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History -A.6 Major Contributors to `gawk' +A.6 Common Extensions Summary +============================= + +This minor node summarizes the common exceptions supported by `gawk', +Brian Kernighan's `awk', and `mawk', the three most widely-used freely +available versions of `awk' (*note Other Versions::). + + *FIXME:* Check all of these + +Feature BWK Awk Mawk GNU Awk +-------------------------------------------------------- +`\x' Escape sequence X X X +`RS' as regexp X X +`FS' as null string X X X +`/dev/stdin' special file X X +`/dev/stdout' special file X X X +`/dev/stderr' special file X X X +`**' and `**=' operators X X X +`func' keyword X X X +`nextfile' statement X X X +`delete' without subscript X X X +`length()' of an array X X +`fflush()' function X X X +`BINMODE' variable X X + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: Common Extensions, Up: Language History + +A.7 Major Contributors to `gawk' ================================ Always give credit where credit is due. @@ -19553,11 +19523,11 @@ Info file, in approximate chronological order: making it compatible with "new" `awk', and greatly improving its performance. - * Pat Rankin provided the VMS port and its documentation. - * Conrad Kwok, Scott Garfinkle, and Kent Williams did the initial ports to MS-DOS with various versions of MSC. + * Pat Rankin provided the VMS port and its documentation. + * Hal Peterson provided help in porting `gawk' to Cray systems. * Kai Uwe Rommel provided the initial port to OS/2 and its @@ -19590,13 +19560,15 @@ Info file, in approximate chronological order: the `|&' operator. * Stephen Davies provided the initial port to Tandem systems and its - documentation. He was also instrumental in the initial work to - integrate the byte-code internals into the `gawk' code base. + documentation. (However, this is no longer supported.) He was + also instrumental in the initial work to integrate the byte-code + internals into the `gawk' code base. * Matthew Woehlke provided improvements for Tandem's POSIX-compliant systems. * Martin Brown provided the port to BeOS and its documentation. + (This is no longer supported.) * Arno Peters did the initial work to convert `gawk' to use GNU Automake and GNU `gettext'. @@ -20242,8 +20214,9 @@ several shells are available for OS/2, including `ksh'. Under MS-Windows, OS/2 and MS-DOS, `gawk' (and many other text programs) silently translate end-of-line `"\r\n"' to `"\n"' on input -and `"\n"' to `"\r\n"' on output. A special `BINMODE' variable allows -control over these translations and is interpreted as follows: +and `"\n"' to `"\r\n"' on output. A special `BINMODE' variable +(c.e.) allows control over these translations and is interpreted as +follows: * If `BINMODE' is `"r"', or one, then binary mode is set on read (i.e., no translations on reads). @@ -20612,10 +20585,11 @@ B.5 Other Freely Available `awk' Implementations This minor node briefly describes where to get them: Unix `awk' - Brian Kernighan has made his implementation of `awk' freely - available. You can retrieve this version via the World Wide Web - from his home page (http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk). It is - available in several archive formats: + Brian Kernighan, one of the original designers of Unix `awk', has + made his implementation of `awk' freely available. You can + retrieve this version via the World Wide Web from his home page + (http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk). It is available in several + archive formats: Shell archive `http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk/btl.mirror/awk.shar' @@ -20629,8 +20603,8 @@ Unix `awk' This version requires an ISO C (1990 standard) compiler; the C compiler from GCC (the GNU Compiler Collection) works quite nicely. - *Note BTL::, for a list of extensions in this `awk' that are not - in POSIX `awk'. + *Note Common Extensions::, for a list of extensions in this `awk' + that are not in POSIX `awk'. `mawk' Michael Brennan has written an independent implementation of `awk', @@ -20649,35 +20623,8 @@ Unix `awk' Once you have it, `gunzip' may be used to decompress this file. Installation is similar to `gawk''s (*note Unix Installation::). - `mawk' has the following extensions that are not in POSIX `awk': - - * The `fflush()' built-in function for flushing buffered output - (*note I/O Functions::). - - * The `**' and `**=' operators (*note Arithmetic Ops:: and also - see *note Assignment Ops::). - - * The use of `func' as an abbreviation for `function' (*note - Definition Syntax::). - - * The `\x' escape sequence (*note Escape Sequences::). - - * The `/dev/stdout', and `/dev/stderr' special files (*note - Special Files::). Use `"-"' instead of `"/dev/stdin"' with - `mawk'. - - * The ability for `FS' and for the third argument to `split()' - to be null strings (*note Single Character Fields::). - - * The ability to delete all of an array at once with `delete - ARRAY' (*note Delete::). - - * The ability for `RS' to be a regexp (*note Records::). - - * The `BINMODE' special variable for non-Unix operating systems - (*note PC Using::). - - * The `nextfile' statement (*note Nextfile Statement::). + *Note Common Extensions::, for a list of extensions in `mawk' that + are not in POSIX `awk'. `awka' Written by Andrew Sumner, `awka' translates `awk' programs into C, @@ -24107,6 +24054,13 @@ A.3 Consistency Issues * Use @code{xxx} for the xxx operator in indexing statements, not @samp. + * Use MS-Windows not MS Windows + + * Use MS-DOS not MS-DOS + + * Use an empty set of parentheses after built-in and awk function + names. + File: gawk.info, Node: Index, Prev: next-edition, Up: Top @@ -24168,11 +24122,9 @@ Index * * (asterisk), * operator, null strings, matching: Gory Details. (line 96) * * (asterisk), ** operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49) -* * (asterisk), ** operator <2>: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) -* * (asterisk), ** operator: Options. (line 213) +* * (asterisk), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * * (asterisk), **= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) -* * (asterisk), **= operator <2>: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* * (asterisk), **= operator: Options. (line 213) +* * (asterisk), **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * * (asterisk), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * * (asterisk), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * + (plus sign): Regexp Operators. (line 101) @@ -24194,7 +24146,7 @@ Index * --assign option: Options. (line 32) * --c option: Options. (line 78) * --characters-as-bytes option: Options. (line 68) -* --command option: Options. (line 240) +* --command option: Options. (line 229) * --copyright option: Options. (line 85) * --disable-lint configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 13) @@ -24208,30 +24160,30 @@ Index * --gen-pot option <1>: String Extraction. (line 6) * --gen-pot option: Options. (line 134) * --help option: Options. (line 141) -* --L option: Options. (line 254) +* --L option: Options. (line 243) * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 146) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) -* --lint-old option: Options. (line 254) +* --lint-old option: Options. (line 243) * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 165) * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data. (line 36) * --optimize option: Options. (line 178) * --posix option: Options. (line 197) -* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 227) +* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 216) * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 15) * --profile option: Options. (line 185) -* --re-interval option: Options. (line 233) -* --sandbox option: Options. (line 245) +* --re-interval option: Options. (line 222) +* --sandbox option: Options. (line 234) * --sandbox option, disabling system function: I/O Functions. (line 85) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) * --sandbox option, output redirection with print, printf: Redirection. (line 6) * --source option: Options. (line 104) * --traditional option: Options. (line 78) -* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 227) +* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 216) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 173) -* --version option: Options. (line 259) +* --version option: Options. (line 248) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 9) * -b option: Options. (line 68) @@ -24244,8 +24196,8 @@ Index * -f option: Options. (line 25) * -F option: Options. (line 21) * -f option: Long. (line 12) -* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 267) -* -f option, on command line: Options. (line 272) +* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 256) +* -f option, on command line: Options. (line 261) * -g option: Options. (line 134) * -h option: Options. (line 141) * -l option: Options. (line 146) @@ -24254,10 +24206,10 @@ Index * -O option: Options. (line 178) * -P option: Options. (line 197) * -p option: Options. (line 185) -* -R option: Options. (line 240) -* -r option: Options. (line 233) -* -S option: Options. (line 245) -* -V option: Options. (line 259) +* -R option: Options. (line 229) +* -r option: Options. (line 222) +* -S option: Options. (line 234) +* -V option: Options. (line 248) * -v option: Options. (line 32) * -v option, variables, assigning: Assignment Options. (line 12) * -W option: Options. (line 46) @@ -24278,7 +24230,7 @@ Index (line 148) * / (forward slash), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24) * /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) -* /dev/... special files (gawk): Special FD. (line 44) +* /dev/... special files (gawk): Special FD. (line 45) * /inet/ files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * /inet4/ files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * /inet6/ files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) @@ -24366,11 +24318,9 @@ Index * ^ (caret) <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 59) * ^ (caret): Regexp Operators. (line 22) -* ^ (caret), ^ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49) -* ^ (caret), ^ operator: Options. (line 213) +* ^ (caret), ^ operator: Precedence. (line 49) * ^ (caret), ^= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) -* ^ (caret), ^= operator <2>: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* ^ (caret), ^= operator: Options. (line 213) +* ^ (caret), ^= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * ^ (caret), in character lists: Character Lists. (line 16) * ^, in FS: Regexp Field Splitting. (line 59) @@ -24500,11 +24450,9 @@ Index * asterisk (*), * operator, null strings, matching: Gory Details. (line 96) * asterisk (*), ** operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49) -* asterisk (*), ** operator <2>: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) -* asterisk (*), ** operator: Options. (line 213) +* asterisk (*), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * asterisk (*), **= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) -* asterisk (*), **= operator <2>: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* asterisk (*), **= operator: Options. (line 213) +* asterisk (*), **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * asterisk (*), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * asterisk (*), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * atan2() function: Numeric Functions. (line 11) @@ -24557,9 +24505,11 @@ Index * awk, versions of, changes between SVR4 and POSIX awk: POSIX. (line 6) * awk, versions of, changes between V7 and SVR3.1: V7/SVR3.1. (line 6) +* awk, versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's awk <1>: Other Versions. + (line 13) * awk, versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's awk: BTL. (line 6) * awk.h file (internal): Internals. (line 15) -* awka compiler for awk: Other Versions. (line 81) +* awka compiler for awk: Other Versions. (line 55) * AWKNUM internal type: Internals. (line 19) * AWKPATH environment variable <1>: PC Using. (line 11) * AWKPATH environment variable: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6) @@ -24620,7 +24570,7 @@ Index * backtrace debugger command: Dgawk Stack. (line 13) * BBS-list file: Sample Data Files. (line 6) * Beebe, Nelson: Acknowledgments. (line 59) -* Beebe, Nelson H.F.: Other Versions. (line 95) +* Beebe, Nelson H.F.: Other Versions. (line 69) * BEGIN pattern <1>: BEGIN/END. (line 6) * BEGIN pattern <2>: Field Separators. (line 44) * BEGIN pattern: Records. (line 29) @@ -24646,7 +24596,7 @@ Index (line 73) * BEGINFILE special pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 6) * beginfile() user-defined function: Filetrans Function. (line 62) -* Benzinger, Michael: Contributors. (line 92) +* Benzinger, Michael: Contributors. (line 94) * Berry, Karl: Acknowledgments. (line 32) * binary input/output: User-modified. (line 10) * bindtextdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 49) @@ -24675,14 +24625,15 @@ Index * Brennan, Michael <1>: Other Versions. (line 6) * Brennan, Michael <2>: Simple Sed. (line 25) * Brennan, Michael <3>: Two-way I/O. (line 6) -* Brennan, Michael: Delete. (line 51) +* Brennan, Michael: Delete. (line 52) +* Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions <1>: Other Versions. (line 13) * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions: BTL. (line 6) -* Broder, Alan J.: Contributors. (line 83) -* Brown, Martin: Contributors. (line 78) +* Broder, Alan J.: Contributors. (line 85) +* Brown, Martin: Contributors. (line 79) * BSD-based operating systems: Glossary. (line 580) * bt debugger command (alias for backtrace): Dgawk Stack. (line 13) * Buening, Andreas <1>: Bugs. (line 71) -* Buening, Andreas <2>: Contributors. (line 87) +* Buening, Andreas <2>: Contributors. (line 89) * Buening, Andreas: Acknowledgments. (line 59) * buffering, input/output <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 70) * buffering, input/output: I/O Functions. (line 130) @@ -24705,11 +24656,9 @@ Index * caret (^) <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 59) * caret (^): Regexp Operators. (line 22) -* caret (^), ^ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49) -* caret (^), ^ operator: Options. (line 213) +* caret (^), ^ operator: Precedence. (line 49) * caret (^), ^= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) -* caret (^), ^= operator <2>: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* caret (^), ^= operator: Options. (line 213) +* caret (^), ^= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * caret (^), in character lists: Character Lists. (line 16) * case keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * case sensitivity, array indices and: Array Intro. (line 92) @@ -24786,8 +24735,20 @@ Index * commenting, backslash continuation and: Statements/Lines. (line 76) * common extensions, ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 36) * common extensions, **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 136) +* common extensions, /dev/stderr special file: Special FD. (line 45) +* common extensions, /dev/stdin special file: Special FD. (line 45) +* common extensions, /dev/stdout special file: Special FD. (line 45) * common extensions, \x escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 61) +* common extensions, BINMODE variable: PC Using. (line 34) +* common extensions, delete to delete entire arrays: Delete. (line 39) * common extensions, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 25) +* common extensions, func keyword: Definition Syntax. (line 78) +* common extensions, length() applied to an array: String Functions. + (line 167) +* common extensions, nextfile statement: Nextfile Statement. (line 6) +* common extensions, RS as a regexp: Records. (line 115) +* common extensions, single character fields: Single Character Fields. + (line 6) * comp.lang.awk newsgroup: Bugs. (line 38) * comparison expressions: Typing and Comparison. (line 9) @@ -24843,7 +24804,7 @@ Index * cos() function: Numeric Functions. (line 14) * counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) -* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 310) +* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 299) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 44) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 72) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 103) @@ -25012,7 +24973,7 @@ Index * debugger commands, watch: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 67) * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) -* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 221) +* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 213) * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -25175,7 +25136,6 @@ Index * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) * escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6) -* escape sequences, unrecognized: Options. (line 201) * eval debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 23) * evaluation order: Increment Ops. (line 61) @@ -25214,13 +25174,25 @@ Index * Extended Regular Expressions (EREs): Character Lists. (line 23) * extension() function (gawk): Using Internal File Ops. (line 15) +* extensions, Brian Kernighan's awk <1>: Other Versions. (line 13) * extensions, Brian Kernighan's awk: BTL. (line 6) * extensions, common, ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 36) * extensions, common, **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 136) +* extensions, common, /dev/stderr special file: Special FD. (line 45) +* extensions, common, /dev/stdin special file: Special FD. (line 45) +* extensions, common, /dev/stdout special file: Special FD. (line 45) * extensions, common, \x escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 61) +* extensions, common, BINMODE variable: PC Using. (line 34) +* extensions, common, delete to delete entire arrays: Delete. (line 39) * extensions, common, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 25) +* extensions, common, func keyword: Definition Syntax. (line 78) +* extensions, common, length() applied to an array: String Functions. + (line 167) +* extensions, common, nextfile statement: Nextfile Statement. (line 6) +* extensions, common, RS as a regexp: Records. (line 115) +* extensions, common, single character fields: Single Character Fields. + (line 6) * extensions, in gawk, not in POSIX awk: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) -* extensions, mawk: Other Versions. (line 51) * extract.awk program: Extract Program. (line 78) * extraction, of marked strings (internationalization): String Extraction. (line 6) @@ -25235,7 +25207,6 @@ Index * Fenlason, Jay <1>: Contributors. (line 19) * Fenlason, Jay: History. (line 30) * fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 25) -* fflush() function, unsupported: Options. (line 224) * field numbers: Nonconstant Fields. (line 6) * field operator $: Fields. (line 19) * field operators, dollar sign as: Fields. (line 19) @@ -25273,7 +25244,7 @@ Index * file descriptors: Special FD. (line 6) * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 52) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) -* file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 44) +* file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 45) * FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 92) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) @@ -25286,7 +25257,7 @@ Index * files, .po: Explaining gettext. (line 36) * files, .po, converting to .mo: I18N Example. (line 62) * files, .pot: Explaining gettext. (line 30) -* files, /dev/... special files: Special FD. (line 44) +* files, /dev/... special files: Special FD. (line 45) * files, /inet/ (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet4/ (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet6/ (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) @@ -25375,7 +25346,7 @@ Index * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) -* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 217) +* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 209) * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 34) * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 68) * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -25434,7 +25405,7 @@ Index * functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and: Next Statement. (line 45) * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 79) -* Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 37) +* Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 35) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 22) * gawk, bitwise operations in: Bitwise Functions. (line 39) @@ -25501,7 +25472,7 @@ Index * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 35) -* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 259) +* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 248) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 63) * General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 295) @@ -25582,11 +25553,11 @@ Index (line 68) * Hankerson, Darrel <1>: Contributors. (line 58) * Hankerson, Darrel: Acknowledgments. (line 59) -* Haque, John <1>: Contributors. (line 98) +* Haque, John <1>: Contributors. (line 100) * Haque, John: Acknowledgments. (line 59) * Hartholz, Elaine: Acknowledgments. (line 37) * Hartholz, Marshall: Acknowledgments. (line 37) -* Hasegawa, Isamu: Contributors. (line 89) +* Hasegawa, Isamu: Contributors. (line 91) * help debugger command: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 68) * hexadecimal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 6) @@ -25690,8 +25661,8 @@ Index * Jacobs, Andrew: Passwd Functions. (line 90) * Jaegermann, Michal <1>: Contributors. (line 45) * Jaegermann, Michal: Acknowledgments. (line 59) -* Java implementation of awk: Other Versions. (line 113) -* jawk: Other Versions. (line 113) +* Java implementation of awk: Other Versions. (line 87) +* jawk: Other Versions. (line 87) * Jedi knights: Undocumented. (line 6) * join() user-defined function: Join Function. (line 18) * Kahrs, Ju"rgen <1>: Contributors. (line 67) @@ -25708,7 +25679,7 @@ Index * Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17) * kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 182) * Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6) -* Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 37) +* Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 35) * l debugger command (alias for list): Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 74) * labels.awk program: Labels Program. (line 51) @@ -25735,7 +25706,7 @@ Index * length() function: String Functions. (line 137) * Lesser General Public License (LGPL): Glossary. (line 374) * LGPL (Lesser General Public License): Glossary. (line 374) -* Libmawk: Other Versions. (line 132) +* Libmawk: Other Versions. (line 106) * libraries of awk functions: Library Functions. (line 6) * libraries of awk functions, assertions: Assert Function. (line 6) * libraries of awk functions, associative arrays and: Library Names. @@ -25777,7 +25748,7 @@ Index * lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16) * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 146) * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. - (line 297) + (line 286) * lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 88) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 98) @@ -25788,7 +25759,7 @@ Index (line 74) * local variables: Variable Scope. (line 6) * locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 80) -* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 221) +* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 213) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. @@ -25825,8 +25796,8 @@ Index (line 9) * matching, leftmost longest: Multiple Line. (line 26) * matching, null strings: Gory Details. (line 96) -* mawk program: Other Versions. (line 34) -* McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 95) +* mawk program: Other Versions. (line 35) +* McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 97) * memory, releasing: Internals. (line 101) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 41) * message object files, converting from portable object files: I18N Example. @@ -25856,7 +25827,7 @@ Index * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 67) -* newlines <2>: Options. (line 204) +* newlines <2>: Options. (line 203) * newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6) * newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) @@ -25943,7 +25914,7 @@ Index * OFS variable <2>: Output Separators. (line 6) * OFS variable: Changing Fields. (line 64) * OpenBSD: Glossary. (line 580) -* OpenSolaris: Other Versions. (line 103) +* OpenSolaris: Other Versions. (line 77) * operating systems, BSD-based: Manual History. (line 28) * operating systems, PC, gawk on: PC Using. (line 6) * operating systems, PC, gawk on, installing: PC Installation. @@ -26028,7 +25999,7 @@ Index * patterns, ranges in: Ranges. (line 6) * patterns, regexp constants as: Expression Patterns. (line 36) * patterns, types of: Pattern Overview. (line 15) -* pawk profiling Bell Labs awk: Other Versions. (line 95) +* pawk profiling Bell Labs awk: Other Versions. (line 69) * PC operating systems, gawk on: PC Using. (line 6) * PC operating systems, gawk on, installing: PC Installation. (line 6) * percent sign (%), % operator: Precedence. (line 55) @@ -26036,7 +26007,7 @@ Index * percent sign (%), %= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * period (.): Regexp Operators. (line 43) * PERL: Future Extensions. (line 6) -* Peters, Arno: Contributors. (line 80) +* Peters, Arno: Contributors. (line 82) * Peterson, Hal: Contributors. (line 40) * pgawk program: Profiling. (line 6) * pgawk program, awkprof.out file: Profiling. (line 10) @@ -26067,10 +26038,10 @@ Index * portability, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes. (line 81) * portability, data files as single record: Records. (line 175) -* portability, deleting array elements: Delete. (line 51) +* portability, deleting array elements: Delete. (line 52) * portability, example programs: Library Functions. (line 31) * portability, fflush() function and: I/O Functions. (line 29) -* portability, functions, defining: Definition Syntax. (line 93) +* portability, functions, defining: Definition Syntax. (line 94) * portability, gawk: New Ports. (line 6) * portability, gettext library and: Explaining gettext. (line 10) * portability, internationalization and: I18N Portability. (line 6) @@ -26081,7 +26052,7 @@ Index * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 61) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) -* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 315) +* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 304) * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 484) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 36) @@ -26133,7 +26104,7 @@ Index * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 22) * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 297) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 286) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 61) * precedence, regexp operators: Regexp Operators. (line 151) @@ -26206,12 +26177,12 @@ Index * pwcat program: Passwd Functions. (line 23) * q debugger command (alias for quit): Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 101) -* QSE Awk: Other Versions. (line 128) +* QSE Awk: Other Versions. (line 102) * question mark (?) <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 59) * question mark (?): Regexp Operators. (line 110) * question mark (?), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 92) -* QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 121) +* QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 95) * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 101) * QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) @@ -26232,7 +26203,7 @@ Index * range expressions: Character Lists. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * Rankin, Pat <1>: Bugs. (line 72) -* Rankin, Pat <2>: Contributors. (line 35) +* Rankin, Pat <2>: Contributors. (line 38) * Rankin, Pat <3>: Assignment Ops. (line 100) * Rankin, Pat: Acknowledgments. (line 59) * readable data files, checking: File Checking. (line 6) @@ -26285,7 +26256,7 @@ Index (line 59) * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 70) -* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 233) +* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 222) * regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest. (line 6) * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6) @@ -26323,7 +26294,7 @@ Index * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 194) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) -* Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 101) +* Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 103) * Robbins, Arnold <4>: Alarm Program. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <5>: Passwd Functions. (line 90) * Robbins, Arnold <6>: Getline/Pipe. (line 36) @@ -26358,7 +26329,7 @@ Index * rvalues/lvalues: Assignment Ops. (line 32) * s debugger command (alias for step): Dgawk Execution Control. (line 68) -* sandbox mode: Options. (line 245) +* sandbox mode: Options. (line 234) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 59) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 37) @@ -26432,23 +26403,23 @@ Index * single-precision floating-point: Basic Data Typing. (line 33) * Skywalker, Luke: Undocumented. (line 6) * sleep utility: Alarm Program. (line 109) -* Solaris, POSIX compliant awk: Other Versions. (line 103) +* Solaris, POSIX compliant awk: Other Versions. (line 77) * sort function, arrays, sorting: Array Sorting. (line 6) * sort utility: Word Sorting. (line 56) * sort utility, coprocesses and: Two-way I/O. (line 83) * sorting characters in different languages: Explaining gettext. (line 93) -* source code, awka: Other Versions. (line 81) +* source code, awka: Other Versions. (line 55) * source code, Bell Laboratories awk: Other Versions. (line 13) * source code, gawk: Gawk Distribution. (line 6) -* source code, mawk: Other Versions. (line 34) +* source code, mawk: Other Versions. (line 35) * source code, mixing: Options. (line 104) * source files, search path for: Igawk Program. (line 364) * sparse arrays: Array Intro. (line 71) * Spencer, Henry: Glossary. (line 12) * split utility: Split Program. (line 6) * split() function: String Functions. (line 285) -* split() function, array elements, deleting: Delete. (line 56) +* split() function, array elements, deleting: Delete. (line 57) * split.awk program: Split Program. (line 30) * sprintf() function <1>: String Functions. (line 349) * sprintf() function: OFMT. (line 15) @@ -26519,7 +26490,7 @@ Index * SUBSEP variable, multidimensional arrays: Multi-dimensional. (line 16) * substr() function: String Functions. (line 453) -* Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 81) +* Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 55) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) @@ -26599,7 +26570,7 @@ Index * troubleshooting, print statement, omitting commas: Print Examples. (line 31) * troubleshooting, printing: Redirection. (line 118) -* troubleshooting, quotes with file names: Special FD. (line 66) +* troubleshooting, quotes with file names: Special FD. (line 67) * troubleshooting, readable data files: File Checking. (line 6) * troubleshooting, regexp constants vs. string constants: Computed Regexps. (line 38) @@ -26719,9 +26690,9 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) -* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 204) -* Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 37) -* Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 75) +* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 203) +* Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 35) +* Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 76) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 28) * word boundaries, matching: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 38) @@ -26772,405 +26743,406 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1340 -Node: Foreword29971 -Node: Preface34291 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-137243 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-237349 -Node: History37581 -Node: Names39815 -Ref: Names-Footnote-141292 -Node: This Manual41364 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-146262 -Node: Conventions46362 -Node: Manual History48478 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-151656 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-251697 -Node: How To Contribute51771 -Node: Acknowledgments52915 -Node: Getting Started57163 -Node: Running gawk59542 -Node: One-shot60728 -Node: Read Terminal61953 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-163603 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-263877 -Node: Long64048 -Node: Executable Scripts65424 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-167285 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-267387 -Node: Comments67838 -Node: Quoting70305 -Node: DOS Quoting74922 -Node: Sample Data Files75597 -Node: Very Simple78629 -Node: Two Rules83226 -Node: More Complex85373 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-188303 -Node: Statements/Lines88383 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-192845 -Node: Other Features93110 -Node: When93979 -Node: Invoking Gawk96122 -Node: Command Line97507 -Node: Options98290 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1111635 -Node: Other Arguments111660 -Node: Naming Standard Input114323 -Node: Environment Variables115287 -Node: AWKPATH Variable115731 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1118468 -Node: Other Environment Variables118728 -Node: Exit Status121076 -Node: Include Files121751 -Node: Obsolete125142 -Node: Undocumented125828 -Node: Regexp126069 -Node: Regexp Usage127521 -Node: Escape Sequences129547 -Node: Regexp Operators135290 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1142462 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2142609 -Node: Character Lists142707 -Ref: table-char-classes144482 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators147122 -Node: Case-sensitivity150841 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1153796 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2154031 -Node: Leftmost Longest154139 -Node: Computed Regexps155340 -Node: Locales158757 -Node: Reading Files162299 -Node: Records164240 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1172912 -Node: Fields172949 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1175981 -Node: Nonconstant Fields176067 -Node: Changing Fields178269 -Node: Field Separators183559 -Node: Default Field Splitting186188 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting187305 -Node: Single Character Fields190663 -Node: Command Line Field Separator191714 -Node: Field Splitting Summary195153 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1198339 -Node: Constant Size198440 -Node: Splitting By Content203002 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1206728 -Node: Multiple Line206768 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1212615 -Node: Getline212794 -Node: Plain Getline215022 -Node: Getline/Variable217111 -Node: Getline/File218252 -Node: Getline/Variable/File219574 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1221173 -Node: Getline/Pipe221260 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe223808 -Node: Getline/Coprocess224915 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess226158 -Node: Getline Notes226872 -Node: Getline Summary228814 -Ref: table-getline-variants229098 -Node: Command line directories230003 -Node: Printing230628 -Node: Print232259 -Node: Print Examples233596 -Node: Output Separators236380 -Node: OFMT238139 -Node: Printf239497 -Node: Basic Printf240403 -Node: Control Letters241940 -Node: Format Modifiers245752 -Node: Printf Examples251763 -Node: Redirection254478 -Node: Special Files261456 -Node: Special FD261989 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1265564 -Node: Special Network265638 -Node: Special Caveats266493 -Node: Close Files And Pipes267287 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1274231 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2274379 -Node: Expressions274529 -Node: Values275598 -Node: Constants276274 -Node: Scalar Constants276954 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1277813 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers277995 -Node: Regexp Constants281054 -Node: Using Constant Regexps281529 -Node: Variables284534 -Node: Using Variables285189 -Node: Assignment Options286916 -Node: Conversion288797 -Ref: table-locale-affects294171 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1294795 -Node: All Operators294904 -Node: Arithmetic Ops295534 -Node: Concatenation298040 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1300833 -Node: Assignment Ops300952 -Ref: table-assign-ops305940 -Node: Increment Ops307348 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions310826 -Node: Truth Values311909 -Node: Typing and Comparison312957 -Node: Variable Typing313746 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1317643 -Node: Comparison Operators317765 -Ref: table-relational-ops318175 -Node: POSIX String Comparison321724 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1322681 -Node: Boolean Ops322819 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1326897 -Node: Conditional Exp326988 -Node: Function Calls328720 -Node: Precedence332310 -Node: Patterns and Actions335963 -Node: Pattern Overview337017 -Node: Regexp Patterns338683 -Node: Expression Patterns339226 -Node: Ranges342800 -Node: BEGIN/END345766 -Node: Using BEGIN/END346516 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1349247 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END349361 -Node: Empty351630 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE351964 -Node: Using Shell Variables354789 -Node: Action Overview357068 -Node: Statements359425 -Node: If Statement361284 -Node: While Statement362783 -Node: Do Statement364827 -Node: For Statement365983 -Node: Switch Statement369135 -Node: Break Statement371232 -Node: Continue Statement373208 -Node: Next Statement374909 -Node: Nextfile Statement377291 -Node: Exit Statement379809 -Node: Built-in Variables382140 -Node: User-modified383235 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1391236 -Node: Auto-set391298 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1400281 -Node: ARGC and ARGV400486 -Node: Arrays404245 -Node: Array Basics405816 -Node: Array Intro406527 -Node: Reference to Elements410845 -Node: Assigning Elements413115 -Node: Array Example413606 -Node: Scanning an Array415338 -Node: Delete417615 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1420038 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts420095 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts422278 -Node: Multi-dimensional423906 -Node: Multi-scanning426997 -Node: Array Sorting428581 -Ref: Array 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-Node: User-defined496845 -Node: Definition Syntax497649 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1502279 -Node: Function Example502348 -Node: Function Caveats504942 -Node: Calling A Function505363 -Node: Variable Scope506478 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference508406 -Node: Return Statement511846 -Node: Dynamic Typing514788 -Node: Indirect Calls515525 -Node: Internationalization525210 -Node: I18N and L10N526638 -Node: Explaining gettext527324 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1532386 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2532569 -Node: Programmer i18n532734 -Node: Translator i18n537025 -Node: String Extraction537818 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1538779 -Node: Printf Ordering538865 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1541649 -Node: I18N Portability541713 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1544162 -Node: I18N Example544225 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1546860 -Node: Gawk I18N546932 -Node: Advanced Features547549 -Node: Nondecimal Data548868 -Node: Two-way I/O550449 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1555863 -Node: 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