Edits through Chapter 8, new figure.

11 files changed, 1401 insertions, 970 deletions

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index dde9c9af..10600c26 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+2014-05-02         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in: Editing progress. Through Chapter 8.
+	* array-elements.eps, array-elements.fig, array-elements.pdf,
+	array-elements.png array-elements.txt: New files.
+	* Makefile.am (EXTRA_DIST): Add them.
+
 2014-04-30         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawktexi.in: Editing progress. Through Chapter 5.
diff --git a/doc/Makefile.am b/doc/Makefile.am
index 12692bd0..86321bbc 100644
--- a/doc/Makefile.am
+++ b/doc/Makefile.am
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ EXTRA_DIST = ChangeLog ChangeLog.0 README.card ad.block setter.outline \
 	api-figure2.png api-figure2.txt \
 	api-figure3.eps api-figure3.fig api-figure3.pdf \
 	api-figure3.png api-figure3.txt \
+	array-elements.eps array-elements.fig array-elements.pdf \
+	array-elements.png array-elements.txt \
 	gawktexi.in sidebar.awk \
 	general-program.eps general-program.fig general-program.pdf \
 	general-program.png general-program.txt \
diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in
index 52e5f873..abaf5601 100644
--- a/doc/Makefile.in
+++ b/doc/Makefile.in
@@ -350,6 +350,8 @@ EXTRA_DIST = ChangeLog ChangeLog.0 README.card ad.block setter.outline \
 	api-figure2.png api-figure2.txt \
 	api-figure3.eps api-figure3.fig api-figure3.pdf \
 	api-figure3.png api-figure3.txt \
+	array-elements.eps array-elements.fig array-elements.pdf \
+	array-elements.png array-elements.txt \
 	gawktexi.in sidebar.awk \
 	general-program.eps general-program.fig general-program.pdf \
 	general-program.png general-program.txt \
diff --git a/doc/array-elements.eps b/doc/array-elements.eps
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/doc/array-elements.pdf b/doc/array-elements.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af0ef3b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/array-elements.pdf
diff --git a/doc/array-elements.png b/doc/array-elements.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c51424d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/array-elements.png
diff --git a/doc/array-elements.txt b/doc/array-elements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8906318a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/array-elements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++---------+---------+--------+---------+
+|    8    |  "foo"  |   ""   |    30   |    @r{Value}
++---------+---------+--------+---------+
+     0         1         2         3        @r{Index}
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 8c13d181..dfe1589e 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -9555,9 +9555,9 @@ of these automatically, so that they enable you to tell `awk' how to do
 certain things.  Others are set automatically by `awk', so that they
 carry information from the internal workings of `awk' to your program.
 
-   This minor node documents all the built-in variables of `gawk', most
-of which are also documented in the chapters describing their areas of
-activity.
+   This minor node documents all of `gawk''s built-in variables, most
+of which are also documented in the major nodes describing their areas
+of activity.
 
 * Menu:
 
@@ -9574,8 +9574,13 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: User-modified,  Next: Auto-set,  Up: Built-in Variables
 -------------------------------------------
 
 The following is an alphabetical list of variables that you can change
-to control how `awk' does certain things. The variables that are
-specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound sign (`#').
+to control how `awk' does certain things.
+
+   The variables that are specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound
+sign (`#').  These variables are `gawk' extensions.  In other `awk'
+implementations or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note
+Options::), they are not special.  (Any exceptions are noted in the
+description of each variable.)
 
 `BINMODE #'
      On non-POSIX systems, this variable specifies use of binary mode
@@ -9588,14 +9593,11 @@ specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound sign (`#').
      string value of `"rw"' or `"wr"' indicates that all files should
      use binary I/O.  Any other string value is treated the same as
      `"rw"', but causes `gawk' to generate a warning message.
-     `BINMODE' is described in more detail in *note PC Using::.
-
-     This variable is a `gawk' extension.  In other `awk'
-     implementations (except `mawk', *note Other Versions::), or if
-     `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note Options::), it is not
-     special.
+     `BINMODE' is described in more detail in *note PC Using::.  `mawk'
+     *note Other Versions::), also supports this variable, but only
+     using numeric values.
 
-`CONVFMT'
+``CONVFMT''
      This string controls conversion of numbers to strings (*note
      Conversion::).  It works by being passed, in effect, as the first
      argument to the `sprintf()' function (*note String Functions::).
@@ -9603,29 +9605,21 @@ specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound sign (`#').
      POSIX standard.
 
 `FIELDWIDTHS #'
-     This is a space-separated list of columns that tells `gawk' how to
-     split input with fixed columnar boundaries.  Assigning a value to
+     A space-separated list of columns that tells `gawk' how to split
+     input with fixed columnar boundaries.  Assigning a value to
      `FIELDWIDTHS' overrides the use of `FS' and `FPAT' for field
      splitting.  *Note Constant Size::, for more information.
 
-     If `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note Options::), then
-     `FIELDWIDTHS' has no special meaning, and field-splitting
-     operations occur based exclusively on the value of `FS'.
-
 `FPAT #'
-     This is a regular expression (as a string) that tells `gawk' to
-     create the fields based on text that matches the regular
-     expression.  Assigning a value to `FPAT' overrides the use of `FS'
-     and `FIELDWIDTHS' for field splitting.  *Note Splitting By
-     Content::, for more information.
-
-     If `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note Options::), then `FPAT'
-     has no special meaning, and field-splitting operations occur based
-     exclusively on the value of `FS'.
+     A regular expression (as a string) that tells `gawk' to create the
+     fields based on text that matches the regular expression.
+     Assigning a value to `FPAT' overrides the use of `FS' and
+     `FIELDWIDTHS' for field splitting.  *Note Splitting By Content::,
+     for more information.
 
 `FS'
-     This is the input field separator (*note Field Separators::).  The
-     value is a single-character string or a multicharacter regular
+     The input field separator (*note Field Separators::).  The value
+     is a single-character string or a multicharacter regular
      expression that matches the separations between fields in an input
      record.  If the value is the null string (`""'), then each
      character in the record becomes a separate field.  (This behavior
@@ -9661,13 +9655,9 @@ specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound sign (`#').
      splitting when using a single-character field separator.  *Note
      Case-sensitivity::.
 
-     If `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note Options::), then
-     `IGNORECASE' has no special meaning.  Thus, string and regexp
-     operations are always case-sensitive.
-
 `LINT #'
      When this variable is true (nonzero or non-null), `gawk' behaves
-     as if the `--lint' command-line option is in effect.  (*note
+     as if the `--lint' command-line option is in effect (*note
      Options::).  With a value of `"fatal"', lint warnings become fatal
      errors.  With a value of `"invalid"', only warnings about things
      that are actually invalid are issued. (This is not fully
@@ -9683,13 +9673,13 @@ specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound sign (`#').
      execution is independent of the flavor of `awk' being executed.
 
 `OFMT'
-     This string controls conversion of numbers to strings (*note
-     Conversion::) for printing with the `print' statement.  It works
-     by being passed as the first argument to the `sprintf()' function
-     (*note String Functions::).  Its default value is `"%.6g"'.
-     Earlier versions of `awk' also used `OFMT' to specify the format
-     for converting numbers to strings in general expressions; this is
-     now done by `CONVFMT'.
+     Controls conversion of numbers to strings (*note Conversion::) for
+     printing with the `print' statement.  It works by being passed as
+     the first argument to the `sprintf()' function (*note String
+     Functions::).  Its default value is `"%.6g"'.  Earlier versions of
+     `awk' also used `OFMT' to specify the format for converting
+     numbers to strings in general expressions; this is now done by
+     `CONVFMT'.
 
 `OFS'
      This is the output field separator (*note Output Separators::).
@@ -9697,8 +9687,8 @@ specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound sign (`#').
      Its default value is `" "', a string consisting of a single space.
 
 `ORS'
-     This is the output record separator.  It is output at the end of
-     every `print' statement.  Its default value is `"\n"', the newline
+     The output record separator.  It is output at the end of every
+     `print' statement.  Its default value is `"\n"', the newline
      character.  (*Note Output Separators::.)
 
 `PREC #'
@@ -9708,38 +9698,34 @@ specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound sign (`#').
 `ROUNDMODE #'
      The rounding mode to use for arbitrary precision arithmetic on
      numbers, by default `"N"' (`roundTiesToEven' in the IEEE-754
-     standard) (*note Setting Rounding Mode::).
+     standard; *note Setting Rounding Mode::).
 
-`RS'
-     This is `awk''s input record separator.  Its default value is a
-     string containing a single newline character, which means that an
-     input record consists of a single line of text.  It can also be
-     the null string, in which case records are separated by runs of
-     blank lines.  If it is a regexp, records are separated by matches
-     of the regexp in the input text.  (*Note Records::.)
+``RS''
+     The input record separator.  Its default value is a string
+     containing a single newline character, which means that an input
+     record consists of a single line of text.  It can also be the null
+     string, in which case records are separated by runs of blank lines.
+     If it is a regexp, records are separated by matches of the regexp
+     in the input text.  (*Note Records::.)
 
      The ability for `RS' to be a regular expression is a `gawk'
      extension.  In most other `awk' implementations, or if `gawk' is
      in compatibility mode (*note Options::), just the first character
      of `RS''s value is used.
 
-`SUBSEP'
-     This is the subscript separator.  It has the default value of
-     `"\034"' and is used to separate the parts of the indices of a
-     multidimensional array.  Thus, the expression `foo["A", "B"]'
-     really accesses `foo["A\034B"]' (*note Multidimensional::).
+``SUBSEP''
+     The subscript separator.  It has the default value of `"\034"' and
+     is used to separate the parts of the indices of a multidimensional
+     array.  Thus, the expression `foo["A", "B"]' really accesses
+     `foo["A\034B"]' (*note Multidimensional::).
 
 `TEXTDOMAIN #'
-     This variable is used for internationalization of programs at the
-     `awk' level.  It sets the default text domain for specially marked
-     string constants in the source text, as well as for the
-     `dcgettext()', `dcngettext()' and `bindtextdomain()' functions
-     (*note Internationalization::).  The default value of `TEXTDOMAIN'
-     is `"messages"'.
-
-     This variable is a `gawk' extension.  In other `awk'
-     implementations, or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note
-     Options::), it is not special.
+     Used for internationalization of programs at the `awk' level.  It
+     sets the default text domain for specially marked string constants
+     in the source text, as well as for the `dcgettext()',
+     `dcngettext()' and `bindtextdomain()' functions (*note
+     Internationalization::).  The default value of `TEXTDOMAIN' is
+     `"messages"'.
 
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
@@ -9753,8 +9739,12 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Auto-set,  Next: ARGC and ARGV,  Prev: User-modified,  U
 
 The following is an alphabetical list of variables that `awk' sets
 automatically on certain occasions in order to provide information to
-your program.  The variables that are specific to `gawk' are marked
-with a pound sign (`#').
+your program.
+
+   The variables that are specific to `gawk' are marked with a pound
+sign (`#').  These variables are `gawk' extensions.  In other `awk'
+implementations or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note
+Options::), they are not special.
 
 `ARGC', `ARGV'
      The command-line arguments available to `awk' programs are stored
@@ -9785,7 +9775,7 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
      are any of `awk''s command-line options.  *Note ARGC and ARGV::,
      for information about how `awk' uses these variables.  (d.c.)
 
-`ARGIND' #
+`ARGIND #'
      The index in `ARGV' of the current file being processed.  Every
      time `gawk' opens a new data file for processing, it sets `ARGIND'
      to the index in `ARGV' of the file name.  When `gawk' is
@@ -9801,26 +9791,23 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
      program, `gawk' automatically sets it to a new value when the next
      file is opened.
 
-     This variable is a `gawk' extension.  In other `awk'
-     implementations, or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note
-     Options::), it is not special.
-
 `ENVIRON'
      An associative array containing the values of the environment.
      The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements
      are the values of the particular environment variables.  For
-     example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'.  Changing this
-     array does not affect the environment passed on to any programs
-     that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()' function.
+     example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `"/home/arnold"'.  Changing
+     this array does not affect the environment passed on to any
+     programs that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()'
+     function.  (In a future version of `gawk', it may do so.)
 
      Some operating systems may not have environment variables.  On
      such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for
-     `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]', *note AWKPATH Variable:: and
-     `ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]', *note AWKLIBPATH Variable::).
+     `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]' and `ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]'; *note AWKPATH
+     Variable::, and *note AWKLIBPATH Variable::).
 
-`ERRNO' #
-     If a system error occurs during a redirection for `getline',
-     during a read for `getline', or during a `close()' operation, then
+`ERRNO #'
+     If a system error occurs during a redirection for `getline', during
+     a read for `getline', or during a `close()' operation, then
      `ERRNO' contains a string describing the error.
 
      In addition, `gawk' clears `ERRNO' before opening each
@@ -9834,19 +9821,14 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
      `getline' returning -1.  You are, of course, free to clear it
      yourself before doing an I/O operation.
 
-     This variable is a `gawk' extension.  In other `awk'
-     implementations, or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note
-     Options::), it is not special.
-
 `FILENAME'
-     The name of the file that `awk' is currently reading.  When no
-     data files are listed on the command line, `awk' reads from the
-     standard input and `FILENAME' is set to `"-"'.  `FILENAME' is
-     changed each time a new file is read (*note Reading Files::).
-     Inside a `BEGIN' rule, the value of `FILENAME' is `""', since
-     there are no input files being processed yet.(1) (d.c.)  Note,
-     though, that using `getline' (*note Getline::) inside a `BEGIN'
-     rule can give `FILENAME' a value.
+     The name of the current input file.  When no data files are listed
+     on the command line, `awk' reads from the standard input and
+     `FILENAME' is set to `"-"'.  `FILENAME' changes each time a new
+     file is read (*note Reading Files::).  Inside a `BEGIN' rule, the
+     value of `FILENAME' is `""', since there are no input files being
+     processed yet.(1) (d.c.) Note, though, that using `getline' (*note
+     Getline::) inside a `BEGIN' rule can give `FILENAME' a value.
 
 `FNR'
      The current record number in the current file.  `FNR' is
@@ -9864,21 +9846,20 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
      create or remove fields from the current record. *Note Changing
      Fields::.
 
-`FUNCTAB' #
+`FUNCTAB #'
      An array whose indices and corresponding values are the names of
      all the user-defined or extension functions in the program.
 
           NOTE: Attempting to use the `delete' statement with the
-          `FUNCTAB' array will cause a fatal error.  Any attempt to
-          assign to an element of the `FUNCTAB' array will also cause a
-          fatal error.
+          `FUNCTAB' array causes a fatal error.  Any attempt to assign
+          to an element of `FUNCTAB' also causes a fatal error.
 
 `NR'
      The number of input records `awk' has processed since the
      beginning of the program's execution (*note Records::).  `NR' is
      incremented each time a new record is read.
 
-`PROCINFO' #
+`PROCINFO #'
      The elements of this array provide access to information about the
      running `awk' program.  The following elements (listed
      alphabetically) are guaranteed to be available:
@@ -9935,8 +9916,8 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
 
     `PROCINFO["sorted_in"]'
           If this element exists in `PROCINFO', its value controls the
-          order in which array indices will be processed by `for (index
-          in array) ...' loops.  Since this is an advanced feature, we
+          order in which array indices will be processed by `for (INDEX
+          in ARRAY)' loops.  Since this is an advanced feature, we
           defer the full description until later; see *note Scanning an
           Array::.
 
@@ -9994,10 +9975,6 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
           open input file, pipe, or coprocess.  *Note Read Timeout::,
           for more information.
 
-     This array is a `gawk' extension.  In other `awk' implementations,
-     or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note Options::), it is not
-     special.
-
 `RLENGTH'
      The length of the substring matched by the `match()' function
      (*note String Functions::).  `RLENGTH' is set by invoking the
@@ -10011,15 +9988,11 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
      of the string where the matched substring starts, or zero if no
      match was found.
 
-`RT' #
-     This is set each time a record is read. It contains the input text
-     that matched the text denoted by `RS', the record separator.
-
-     This variable is a `gawk' extension.  In other `awk'
-     implementations, or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note
-     Options::), it is not special.
+`RT #'
+     The input text that matched the text denoted by `RS', the record
+     separator.  It is set every time a record is read.
 
-`SYMTAB' #
+`SYMTAB #'
      An array whose indices are the names of all currently defined
      global variables and arrays in the program.  The array may be used
      for indirect access to read or write the value of a variable:
@@ -10053,7 +10026,7 @@ with a pound sign (`#').
               return SYMTAB[variable] *= amount
           }
 
-          NOTE: In order to avoid severe time-travel paradoxes(2),
+          NOTE: In order to avoid severe time-travel paradoxes,(2)
           neither `FUNCTAB' nor `SYMTAB' are available as elements
           within the `SYMTAB' array.
 
@@ -10203,7 +10176,7 @@ remove array elements.  It also describes how `awk' simulates
 multidimensional arrays, as well as some of the less obvious points
 about array usage.  The major node moves on to discuss `gawk''s facility
 for sorting arrays, and ends with a brief description of `gawk''s
-ability to support true multidimensional arrays.
+ability to support true arrays of arrays.
 
    `awk' maintains a single set of names that may be used for naming
 variables, arrays, and functions (*note User-defined::).  Thus, you
@@ -10281,12 +10254,13 @@ declared.)
 
    A contiguous array of four elements might look like the following
 example, conceptually, if the element values are 8, `"foo"', `""', and
-30:
+30 as shown in *note figure-array-elements:::
 
-     +---------+---------+--------+---------+
-     |    8    |  "foo"  |   ""   |    30   |    Value
-     +---------+---------+--------+---------+
-          0         1         2         3        Index
++---------+---------+--------+---------+
+|    8    |  "foo"  |   ""   |    30   |    @r{Value}
++---------+---------+--------+---------+
+     0         1         2         3        @r{Index}
+Figure 8.1: A Contiguous Array
 
 Only the values are stored; the indices are implicit from the order of
 the values. Here, 8 is the value at index zero, because 8 appears in the
@@ -10329,9 +10303,9 @@ from English to French:
 
 Here we decided to translate the number one in both spelled-out and
 numeric form--thus illustrating that a single array can have both
-numbers and strings as indices.  In fact, array subscripts are always
+numbers and strings as indices.  (In fact, array subscripts are always
 strings; this is discussed in more detail in *note Numeric Array
-Subscripts::.  Here, the number `1' isn't double-quoted, since `awk'
+Subscripts::.)  Here, the number `1' isn't double-quoted, since `awk'
 automatically converts it to a string.
 
    The value of `IGNORECASE' has no effect upon array subscripting.
@@ -10383,11 +10357,11 @@ been assigned any value as well as elements that have been deleted
    To determine whether an element exists in an array at a certain
 index, use the following expression:
 
-     IND in ARRAY
+     INDX in ARRAY
 
-This expression tests whether the particular index IND exists, without
+This expression tests whether the particular index INDX exists, without
 the side effect of creating that element if it is not present.  The
-expression has the value one (true) if `ARRAY[IND]' exists and zero
+expression has the value one (true) if `ARRAY[INDX]' exists and zero
 (false) if it does not exist.  For example, this statement tests
 whether the array `frequencies' contains the index `2':
 
@@ -10522,19 +10496,54 @@ built-in function `length()'.
 
    The order in which elements of the array are accessed by this
 statement is determined by the internal arrangement of the array
-elements within `awk' and normally cannot be controlled or changed.
-This can lead to problems if new elements are added to ARRAY by
-statements in the loop body; it is not predictable whether the `for'
+elements within `awk' and in standard `awk' cannot be controlled or
+changed.  This can lead to problems if new elements are added to ARRAY
+by statements in the loop body; it is not predictable whether the `for'
 loop will reach them.  Similarly, changing VAR inside the loop may
 produce strange results.  It is best to avoid such things.
 
+   As a point of information, `gawk' sets up the list of elements to be
+iterated over before the loop starts, and does not change it.  But not
+all `awk' versions do so. Consider this program, named `loopcheck.awk':
+
+     BEGIN {
+         a["here"] = "here"
+         a["is"] = "is"
+         a["a"] = "a"
+         a["loop"] = "loop"
+         for (i in a) {
+             j++
+             a[j] = j
+             print i
+         }
+     }
+
+   Here is what happens when run with `gawk':
+
+     $ gawk -f loopcheck.awk
+     -| here
+     -| loop
+     -| a
+     -| is
+
+   Contrast this to Brian Kernighan's `awk':
+
+     $ nawk -f loopcheck.awk
+     -| loop
+     -| here
+     -| is
+     -| a
+     -| 1
+
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Controlling Scanning,  Prev: Scanning an Array,  Up: Array Basics
 
-8.1.6 Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders
---------------------------------------------
+8.1.6 Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders With `gawk'
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+This node describes a feature that is specific to `gawk'.
 
-By default, when a `for' loop traverses an array, the order is
+   By default, when a `for' loop traverses an array, the order is
 undefined, meaning that the `awk' implementation determines the order
 in which the array is traversed.  This order is usually based on the
 internal implementation of arrays and will vary from one version of
@@ -10820,7 +10829,7 @@ might look like this:
      -| line 3
      -| line 2
 
-   Unfortunately, the very first line of input data did not come out in
+   Unfortunately, the very first line of input data did not appear in
 the output!
 
    Upon first glance, we would think that this program should have
@@ -30424,15 +30433,15 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * archeologists:                         Bugs.                (line   6)
 * arctangent:                            Numeric Functions.   (line  11)
-* ARGC/ARGV variables:                   Auto-set.            (line  11)
+* ARGC/ARGV variables:                   Auto-set.            (line  15)
 * ARGC/ARGV variables, command-line arguments: Other Arguments.
                                                               (line  12)
 * ARGC/ARGV variables, how to use:       ARGC and ARGV.       (line   6)
 * ARGC/ARGV variables, portability and:  Executable Scripts.  (line  42)
-* ARGIND variable:                       Auto-set.            (line  40)
+* ARGIND variable:                       Auto-set.            (line  44)
 * ARGIND variable, command-line arguments: Other Arguments.   (line  12)
 * arguments, command-line <1>:           ARGC and ARGV.       (line   6)
-* arguments, command-line <2>:           Auto-set.            (line  11)
+* arguments, command-line <2>:           Auto-set.            (line  15)
 * arguments, command-line:               Other Arguments.     (line   6)
 * arguments, command-line, invoking awk: Command Line.        (line   6)
 * arguments, in function calls:          Function Calls.      (line  18)
@@ -30443,15 +30452,15 @@ Index
 * array members:                         Reference to Elements.
                                                               (line   6)
 * array scanning order, controlling:     Controlling Scanning.
-                                                              (line  12)
+                                                              (line  14)
 * array, number of elements:             String Functions.    (line 194)
 * arrays:                                Arrays.              (line   6)
 * arrays of arrays:                      Arrays of Arrays.    (line   6)
 * arrays, an example of using:           Array Example.       (line   6)
-* arrays, and IGNORECASE variable:       Array Intro.         (line  91)
+* arrays, and IGNORECASE variable:       Array Intro.         (line  92)
 * arrays, as parameters to functions:    Pass By Value/Reference.
                                                               (line  47)
-* arrays, associative:                   Array Intro.         (line  49)
+* arrays, associative:                   Array Intro.         (line  50)
 * arrays, associative, library functions and: Library Names.  (line  57)
 * arrays, deleting entire contents:      Delete.              (line  39)
 * arrays, elements that don't exist:     Reference to Elements.
@@ -30462,7 +30471,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  48)
 * arrays, elements, retrieving number of: String Functions.   (line  32)
 * arrays, for statement and:             Scanning an Array.   (line  20)
-* arrays, indexing:                      Array Intro.         (line  49)
+* arrays, indexing:                      Array Intro.         (line  50)
 * arrays, merging into strings:          Join Function.       (line   6)
 * arrays, multidimensional:              Multidimensional.    (line  10)
 * arrays, multidimensional, scanning:    Multiscanning.       (line  11)
@@ -30476,7 +30485,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * arrays, sorting, and IGNORECASE variable: Array Sorting Functions.
                                                               (line  83)
-* arrays, sparse:                        Array Intro.         (line  70)
+* arrays, sparse:                        Array Intro.         (line  71)
 * arrays, subscripts, uninitialized variables as: Uninitialized Subscripts.
                                                               (line   6)
 * arrays, unassigned elements:           Reference to Elements.
@@ -30504,7 +30513,7 @@ Index
 * assignment operators, evaluation order: Assignment Ops.     (line 111)
 * assignment operators, lvalues/rvalues: Assignment Ops.      (line  32)
 * assignments as filenames:              Ignoring Assigns.    (line   6)
-* associative arrays:                    Array Intro.         (line  49)
+* associative arrays:                    Array Intro.         (line  50)
 * asterisk (*), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence.
                                                               (line  55)
 * asterisk (*), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
@@ -30662,14 +30671,14 @@ Index
 * Benzinger, Michael:                    Contributors.        (line  97)
 * Berry, Karl <1>:                       Ranges and Locales.  (line  74)
 * Berry, Karl:                           Acknowledgments.     (line  33)
-* binary input/output:                   User-modified.       (line  10)
+* binary input/output:                   User-modified.       (line  15)
 * bindtextdomain <1>:                    Programmer i18n.     (line  47)
 * bindtextdomain:                        I18N Functions.      (line  12)
 * bindtextdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext.  (line  49)
 * bindtextdomain() function (gawk), portability and: I18N Portability.
                                                               (line  33)
 * BINMODE variable <1>:                  PC Using.            (line  33)
-* BINMODE variable:                      User-modified.       (line  10)
+* BINMODE variable:                      User-modified.       (line  15)
 * bit-manipulation functions:            Bitwise Functions.   (line   6)
 * bits2str() user-defined function:      Bitwise Functions.   (line  70)
 * bitwise AND:                           Bitwise Functions.   (line  39)
@@ -30773,9 +30782,9 @@ Index
                                                               (line  59)
 * caret (^), regexp operator:            Regexp Operators.    (line  22)
 * case keyword:                          Switch Statement.    (line   6)
-* case sensitivity, and regexps:         User-modified.       (line  82)
-* case sensitivity, and string comparisons: User-modified.    (line  82)
-* case sensitivity, array indices and:   Array Intro.         (line  91)
+* case sensitivity, and regexps:         User-modified.       (line  76)
+* case sensitivity, and string comparisons: User-modified.    (line  76)
+* case sensitivity, array indices and:   Array Intro.         (line  92)
 * case sensitivity, converting case:     String Functions.    (line 520)
 * case sensitivity, example programs:    Library Functions.   (line  53)
 * case sensitivity, gawk:                Case-sensitivity.    (line  26)
@@ -30827,7 +30836,7 @@ Index
 * comma (,), in range patterns:          Ranges.              (line   6)
 * command completion, in debugger:       Readline Support.    (line   6)
 * command line, arguments <1>:           ARGC and ARGV.       (line   6)
-* command line, arguments <2>:           Auto-set.            (line  11)
+* command line, arguments <2>:           Auto-set.            (line  15)
 * command line, arguments:               Other Arguments.     (line   6)
 * command line, directories on:          Command line directories.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -30909,7 +30918,7 @@ Index
 * continue statement:                    Continue Statement.  (line   6)
 * control statements:                    Statements.          (line   6)
 * controlling array scanning order:      Controlling Scanning.
-                                                              (line  12)
+                                                              (line  14)
 * convert string to lower case:          String Functions.    (line 521)
 * convert string to number:              String Functions.    (line 385)
 * convert string to upper case:          String Functions.    (line 527)
@@ -30920,7 +30929,7 @@ Index
 * converting, numbers to strings:        Conversion.          (line   6)
 * converting, strings to numbers <1>:    Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 * converting, strings to numbers:        Conversion.          (line   6)
-* CONVFMT variable <1>:                  User-modified.       (line  28)
+* CONVFMT variable <1>:                  User-modified.       (line  30)
 * CONVFMT variable:                      Conversion.          (line  29)
 * CONVFMT variable, and array subscripts: Numeric Array Subscripts.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -30969,9 +30978,9 @@ Index
 * dark corner, exit statement:           Exit Statement.      (line  30)
 * dark corner, field separators:         Field Splitting Summary.
                                                               (line  46)
-* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>:    Auto-set.            (line  93)
+* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>:    Auto-set.            (line  90)
 * dark corner, FILENAME variable:        Getline Notes.       (line  19)
-* dark corner, FNR/NR variables:         Auto-set.            (line 314)
+* dark corner, FNR/NR variables:         Auto-set.            (line 301)
 * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters.    (line  18)
 * dark corner, FS as null string:        Single Character Fields.
                                                               (line  20)
@@ -30990,7 +30999,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  43)
 * dark corner, split() function:         String Functions.    (line 359)
 * dark corner, strings, storing:         gawk split records.  (line  83)
-* dark corner, value of ARGV[0]:         Auto-set.            (line  35)
+* dark corner, value of ARGV[0]:         Auto-set.            (line  39)
 * data, fixed-width:                     Constant Size.       (line  10)
 * data-driven languages:                 Basic High Level.    (line  85)
 * database, group, reading:              Group Functions.     (line   6)
@@ -31136,7 +31145,7 @@ Index
 * differences between gawk and awk:      String Functions.    (line 194)
 * differences in awk and gawk, ARGC/ARGV variables: ARGC and ARGV.
                                                               (line  88)
-* differences in awk and gawk, ARGIND variable: Auto-set.     (line  40)
+* differences in awk and gawk, ARGIND variable: Auto-set.     (line  44)
 * differences in awk and gawk, array elements, deleting: Delete.
                                                               (line  39)
 * differences in awk and gawk, AWKLIBPATH environment variable: AWKLIBPATH Variable.
@@ -31150,22 +31159,22 @@ Index
 * differences in awk and gawk, BINMODE variable <1>: PC Using.
                                                               (line  33)
 * differences in awk and gawk, BINMODE variable: User-modified.
-                                                              (line  23)
+                                                              (line  15)
 * differences in awk and gawk, close() function: Close Files And Pipes.
                                                               (line  81)
 * differences in awk and gawk, command line directories: Command line directories.
                                                               (line   6)
-* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set.      (line  73)
+* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set.      (line  74)
 * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD.    (line  16)
 * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified.
-                                                              (line  35)
-* differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified.  (line  45)
-* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set.    (line 119)
+                                                              (line  37)
+* differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified.  (line  43)
+* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set.    (line 115)
 * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in.
                                                               (line  16)
 * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline.      (line  19)
 * differences in awk and gawk, IGNORECASE variable: User-modified.
-                                                              (line  82)
+                                                              (line  76)
 * differences in awk and gawk, implementation limitations <1>: Redirection.
                                                               (line 135)
 * differences in awk and gawk, implementation limitations: Getline Notes.
@@ -31178,12 +31187,12 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * differences in awk and gawk, line continuations: Conditional Exp.
                                                               (line  34)
-* differences in awk and gawk, LINT variable: User-modified.  (line  98)
+* differences in awk and gawk, LINT variable: User-modified.  (line  88)
 * differences in awk and gawk, match() function: String Functions.
                                                               (line 257)
 * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers.
                                                               (line  13)
-* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set.      (line 133)
+* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set.      (line 128)
 * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout.   (line   6)
 * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records.
                                                               (line 124)
@@ -31193,7 +31202,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  26)
 * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records.
                                                               (line  58)
-* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set.         (line 266)
+* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set.         (line 257)
 * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields.
                                                               (line   6)
 * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions.
@@ -31201,9 +31210,9 @@ Index
 * differences in awk and gawk, strings:  Scalar Constants.    (line  20)
 * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records.
                                                               (line  77)
-* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set.     (line 274)
+* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set.     (line 261)
 * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified.
-                                                              (line 162)
+                                                              (line 152)
 * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops.
                                                               (line  66)
 * directories, command line:             Command line directories.
@@ -31242,8 +31251,8 @@ Index
 * dynamically loaded extensions:         Dynamic Extensions.  (line   6)
 * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control.  (line  73)
 * EBCDIC:                                Ordinal Functions.   (line  45)
-* effective group ID of gawk user:       Auto-set.            (line 138)
-* effective user ID of gawk user:        Auto-set.            (line 142)
+* effective group ID of gawk user:       Auto-set.            (line 133)
+* effective user ID of gawk user:        Auto-set.            (line 137)
 * egrep utility <1>:                     Egrep Program.       (line   6)
 * egrep utility:                         Bracket Expressions. (line  24)
 * egrep.awk program:                     Egrep Program.       (line  54)
@@ -31298,13 +31307,13 @@ Index
                                                               (line  11)
 * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions):   Bracket Expressions. (line  24)
 * ERRNO variable <1>:                    TCP/IP Networking.   (line  54)
-* ERRNO variable:                        Auto-set.            (line  73)
+* ERRNO variable:                        Auto-set.            (line  74)
 * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.  (line  26)
 * ERRNO variable, with close() function: Close Files And Pipes.
                                                               (line 139)
 * ERRNO variable, with getline command:  Getline.             (line  19)
 * error handling:                        Special FD.          (line  16)
-* error handling, ERRNO variable and:    Auto-set.            (line  73)
+* error handling, ERRNO variable and:    Auto-set.            (line  74)
 * error output:                          Special FD.          (line   6)
 * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -31358,7 +31367,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * extension API version:                 Extension Versioning.
                                                               (line   6)
-* extension API, version number:         Auto-set.            (line 229)
+* extension API, version number:         Auto-set.            (line 224)
 * extension example:                     Extension Example.   (line   6)
 * extension registration:                Registration Functions.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -31407,11 +31416,11 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * field separator, POSIX and:            Field Splitting Summary.
                                                               (line  40)
-* field separators <1>:                  User-modified.       (line  56)
+* field separators <1>:                  User-modified.       (line  50)
 * field separators:                      Field Separators.    (line  15)
 * field separators, choice of:           Field Separators.    (line  51)
-* field separators, FIELDWIDTHS variable and: User-modified.  (line  35)
-* field separators, FPAT variable and:   User-modified.       (line  45)
+* field separators, FIELDWIDTHS variable and: User-modified.  (line  37)
+* field separators, FPAT variable and:   User-modified.       (line  43)
 * field separators, POSIX and:           Fields.              (line   6)
 * field separators, regular expressions as <1>: Regexp Field Splitting.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -31431,13 +31440,13 @@ Index
 * fields, separating:                    Field Separators.    (line  15)
 * fields, single-character:              Single Character Fields.
                                                               (line   6)
-* FIELDWIDTHS variable <1>:              User-modified.       (line  35)
+* FIELDWIDTHS variable <1>:              User-modified.       (line  37)
 * FIELDWIDTHS variable:                  Constant Size.       (line  23)
 * file descriptors:                      Special FD.          (line   6)
-* file names, distinguishing:            Auto-set.            (line  52)
+* file names, distinguishing:            Auto-set.            (line  56)
 * file names, in compatibility mode:     Special Caveats.     (line   9)
 * file names, standard streams in gawk:  Special FD.          (line  46)
-* FILENAME variable <1>:                 Auto-set.            (line  93)
+* FILENAME variable <1>:                 Auto-set.            (line  90)
 * FILENAME variable:                     Reading Files.       (line   6)
 * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes.    (line  19)
 * filenames, assignments as:             Ignoring Assigns.    (line   6)
@@ -31483,7 +31492,7 @@ Index
 * files, portable object, converting to message object files: I18N Example.
                                                               (line  62)
 * files, portable object, generating:    Options.             (line 147)
-* files, processing, ARGIND variable and: Auto-set.           (line  47)
+* files, processing, ARGIND variable and: Auto-set.           (line  51)
 * files, reading:                        Rewind Function.     (line   6)
 * files, reading, multiline records:     Multiple Line.       (line   6)
 * files, searching for regular expressions: Egrep Program.    (line   6)
@@ -31507,9 +31516,9 @@ Index
 * flush buffered output:                 I/O Functions.       (line  25)
 * fnmatch() extension function:          Extension Sample Fnmatch.
                                                               (line  12)
-* FNR variable <1>:                      Auto-set.            (line 103)
+* FNR variable <1>:                      Auto-set.            (line  99)
 * FNR variable:                          Records.             (line   6)
-* FNR variable, changing:                Auto-set.            (line 314)
+* FNR variable, changing:                Auto-set.            (line 301)
 * for statement:                         For Statement.       (line   6)
 * for statement, looping over arrays:    Scanning an Array.   (line  20)
 * fork() extension function:             Extension Sample Fork.
@@ -31531,7 +31540,7 @@ Index
 * forward slash (/), /= operator, vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
                                                               (line 148)
 * forward slash (/), patterns and:       Expression Patterns. (line  24)
-* FPAT variable <1>:                     User-modified.       (line  45)
+* FPAT variable <1>:                     User-modified.       (line  43)
 * FPAT variable:                         Splitting By Content.
                                                               (line  27)
 * frame debugger command:                Execution Stack.     (line  25)
@@ -31541,7 +31550,7 @@ Index
 * Free Software Foundation (FSF) <2>:    Getting.             (line  10)
 * Free Software Foundation (FSF):        Manual History.      (line   6)
 * FreeBSD:                               Glossary.            (line 616)
-* FS variable <1>:                       User-modified.       (line  56)
+* FS variable <1>:                       User-modified.       (line  50)
 * FS variable:                           Field Separators.    (line  15)
 * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options.         (line  21)
 * FS variable, as null string:           Single Character Fields.
@@ -31559,7 +31568,7 @@ Index
 * FSF (Free Software Foundation):        Manual History.      (line   6)
 * fts() extension function:              Extension Sample File Functions.
                                                               (line  77)
-* FUNCTAB array:                         Auto-set.            (line 119)
+* FUNCTAB array:                         Auto-set.            (line 115)
 * function calls:                        Function Calls.      (line   6)
 * function calls, indirect:              Indirect Calls.      (line   6)
 * function definition example:           Function Example.    (line   6)
@@ -31609,7 +31618,7 @@ Index
 * G-d:                                   Acknowledgments.     (line  78)
 * Garfinkle, Scott:                      Contributors.        (line  34)
 * gawk program, dynamic profiling:       Profiling.           (line 179)
-* gawk version:                          Auto-set.            (line 204)
+* gawk version:                          Auto-set.            (line 199)
 * gawk, ARGIND variable in:              Other Arguments.     (line  12)
 * gawk, awk and <1>:                     This Manual.         (line  14)
 * gawk, awk and:                         Preface.             (line  23)
@@ -31630,7 +31639,7 @@ Index
 * gawk, distribution:                    Distribution contents.
                                                               (line   6)
 * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>:           TCP/IP Networking.   (line  54)
-* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>:           Auto-set.            (line  73)
+* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>:           Auto-set.            (line  74)
 * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>:           BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.   (line  26)
 * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>:           Close Files And Pipes.
                                                               (line 139)
@@ -31639,22 +31648,22 @@ Index
 * gawk, extensions, disabling:           Options.             (line 254)
 * gawk, features, adding:                Adding Code.         (line   6)
 * gawk, features, advanced:              Advanced Features.   (line   6)
-* gawk, field separators and:            User-modified.       (line  77)
-* gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in <1>:     User-modified.       (line  35)
+* gawk, field separators and:            User-modified.       (line  71)
+* gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in <1>:     User-modified.       (line  37)
 * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in:         Constant Size.       (line  23)
 * gawk, file names in:                   Special Files.       (line   6)
 * gawk, format-control characters:       Control Letters.     (line  18)
-* gawk, FPAT variable in <1>:            User-modified.       (line  45)
+* gawk, FPAT variable in <1>:            User-modified.       (line  43)
 * gawk, FPAT variable in:                Splitting By Content.
                                                               (line  27)
-* gawk, FUNCTAB array in:                Auto-set.            (line 119)
+* gawk, FUNCTAB array in:                Auto-set.            (line 115)
 * gawk, function arguments and:          Calling Built-in.    (line  16)
 * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and:         Nondecimal-numbers.  (line  42)
 * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>:      Array Sorting Functions.
                                                               (line  83)
 * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <2>:      String Functions.    (line  48)
-* gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <3>:      Array Intro.         (line  91)
-* gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <4>:      User-modified.       (line  82)
+* gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <3>:      Array Intro.         (line  92)
+* gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <4>:      User-modified.       (line  76)
 * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in:          Case-sensitivity.    (line  26)
 * gawk, implementation issues:           Notes.               (line   6)
 * gawk, implementation issues, debugging: Compatibility Mode. (line   6)
@@ -31669,7 +31678,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * gawk, interval expressions and:        Regexp Operators.    (line 140)
 * gawk, line continuation in:            Conditional Exp.     (line  34)
-* gawk, LINT variable in:                User-modified.       (line  98)
+* gawk, LINT variable in:                User-modified.       (line  88)
 * gawk, list of contributors to:         Contributors.        (line   6)
 * gawk, MS-DOS version of:               PC Using.            (line  10)
 * gawk, MS-Windows version of:           PC Using.            (line  10)
@@ -31678,7 +31687,7 @@ Index
 * gawk, OS/2 version of:                 PC Using.            (line  10)
 * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>:           Two-way I/O.         (line 116)
 * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>:           Time Functions.      (line  47)
-* gawk, PROCINFO array in:               Auto-set.            (line 133)
+* gawk, PROCINFO array in:               Auto-set.            (line 128)
 * gawk, regexp constants and:            Using Constant Regexps.
                                                               (line  28)
 * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity.
@@ -31686,15 +31695,15 @@ Index
 * gawk, regular expressions, operators:  GNU Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line   6)
 * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators.    (line 162)
-* gawk, RT variable in <1>:              Auto-set.            (line 266)
+* gawk, RT variable in <1>:              Auto-set.            (line 257)
 * gawk, RT variable in <2>:              Multiple Line.       (line 129)
 * gawk, RT variable in:                  awk split records.   (line 124)
 * gawk, See Also awk:                    Preface.             (line  36)
 * gawk, source code, obtaining:          Getting.             (line   6)
 * gawk, splitting fields and:            Constant Size.       (line  88)
 * gawk, string-translation functions:    I18N Functions.      (line   6)
-* gawk, SYMTAB array in:                 Auto-set.            (line 274)
-* gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in:          User-modified.       (line 162)
+* gawk, SYMTAB array in:                 Auto-set.            (line 261)
+* gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in:          User-modified.       (line 152)
 * gawk, timestamps:                      Time Functions.      (line   6)
 * gawk, uses for:                        Preface.             (line  36)
 * gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options.    (line 300)
@@ -31780,7 +31789,7 @@ Index
 * Grigera, Juan:                         Contributors.        (line  57)
 * group database, reading:               Group Functions.     (line   6)
 * group file:                            Group Functions.     (line   6)
-* group ID of gawk user:                 Auto-set.            (line 177)
+* group ID of gawk user:                 Auto-set.            (line 172)
 * groups, information about:             Group Functions.     (line   6)
 * gsub <1>:                              String Functions.    (line 135)
 * gsub:                                  Using Constant Regexps.
@@ -31821,8 +31830,8 @@ Index
 * igawk.sh program:                      Igawk Program.       (line 124)
 * ignore breakpoint:                     Breakpoint Control.  (line  87)
 * ignore debugger command:               Breakpoint Control.  (line  87)
-* IGNORECASE variable:                   User-modified.       (line  82)
-* IGNORECASE variable, and array indices: Array Intro.        (line  91)
+* IGNORECASE variable:                   User-modified.       (line  76)
+* IGNORECASE variable, and array indices: Array Intro.        (line  92)
 * IGNORECASE variable, and array sorting functions: Array Sorting Functions.
                                                               (line  83)
 * IGNORECASE variable, in example programs: Library Functions.
@@ -31847,7 +31856,7 @@ Index
 * in operator, use in loops:             Scanning an Array.   (line  17)
 * increment operators:                   Increment Ops.       (line   6)
 * index:                                 String Functions.    (line 151)
-* indexing arrays:                       Array Intro.         (line  49)
+* indexing arrays:                       Array Intro.         (line  50)
 * indirect function calls:               Indirect Calls.      (line   6)
 * infinite precision:                    Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -31874,7 +31883,7 @@ Index
 * input, standard <1>:                   Special FD.          (line   6)
 * input, standard:                       Read Terminal.       (line   6)
 * input/output functions:                I/O Functions.       (line   6)
-* input/output, binary:                  User-modified.       (line  10)
+* input/output, binary:                  User-modified.       (line  15)
 * input/output, from BEGIN and END:      I/O And BEGIN/END.   (line   6)
 * input/output, two-way:                 Two-way I/O.         (line  44)
 * insomnia, cure for:                    Alarm Program.       (line   6)
@@ -31894,7 +31903,7 @@ Index
 * internationalization:                  I18N Functions.      (line   6)
 * internationalization, localization <1>: Internationalization.
                                                               (line  13)
-* internationalization, localization:    User-modified.       (line 162)
+* internationalization, localization:    User-modified.       (line 152)
 * internationalization, localization, character classes: Bracket Expressions.
                                                               (line  90)
 * internationalization, localization, gawk and: Internationalization.
@@ -32006,7 +32015,7 @@ Index
 * lines, duplicate, removing:            History Sorting.     (line   6)
 * lines, matching ranges of:             Ranges.              (line   6)
 * lines, skipping between markers:       Ranges.              (line  43)
-* lint checking:                         User-modified.       (line  98)
+* lint checking:                         User-modified.       (line  88)
 * lint checking, array elements:         Delete.              (line  34)
 * lint checking, array subscripts:       Uninitialized Subscripts.
                                                               (line  43)
@@ -32016,7 +32025,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line 340)
 * lint checking, undefined functions:    Pass By Value/Reference.
                                                               (line  88)
-* LINT variable:                         User-modified.       (line  98)
+* LINT variable:                         User-modified.       (line  88)
 * Linux <1>:                             Glossary.            (line 616)
 * Linux <2>:                             I18N Example.        (line  55)
 * Linux:                                 Manual History.      (line  28)
@@ -32075,7 +32084,7 @@ Index
 * mawk utility <3>:                      Concatenation.       (line  36)
 * mawk utility <4>:                      Getline/Pipe.        (line  62)
 * mawk utility:                          Escape Sequences.    (line 124)
-* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set.      (line 218)
+* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set.      (line 213)
 * McPhee, Patrick:                       Contributors.        (line 100)
 * message object files:                  Explaining gettext.  (line  41)
 * message object files, converting from portable object files: I18N Example.
@@ -32087,7 +32096,7 @@ Index
 * messages from extensions:              Printing Messages.   (line   6)
 * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators.    (line   6)
 * metacharacters, escape sequences for:  Escape Sequences.    (line 130)
-* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set.      (line 221)
+* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set.      (line 216)
 * mktime:                                Time Functions.      (line  25)
 * modifiers, in format specifiers:       Format Modifiers.    (line   6)
 * monetary information, localization:    Explaining gettext.  (line 103)
@@ -32141,7 +32150,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  47)
 * nexti debugger command:                Debugger Execution Control.
                                                               (line  49)
-* NF variable <1>:                       Auto-set.            (line 108)
+* NF variable <1>:                       Auto-set.            (line 104)
 * NF variable:                           Fields.              (line  33)
 * NF variable, decrementing:             Changing Fields.     (line 107)
 * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control.
@@ -32150,9 +32159,9 @@ Index
 * non-existent array elements:           Reference to Elements.
                                                               (line  23)
 * not Boolean-logic operator:            Boolean Ops.         (line   6)
-* NR variable <1>:                       Auto-set.            (line 128)
+* NR variable <1>:                       Auto-set.            (line 123)
 * NR variable:                           Records.             (line   6)
-* NR variable, changing:                 Auto-set.            (line 314)
+* NR variable, changing:                 Auto-set.            (line 301)
 * null strings <1>:                      Basic Data Typing.   (line  26)
 * null strings <2>:                      Truth Values.        (line   6)
 * null strings <3>:                      Regexp Field Splitting.
@@ -32176,7 +32185,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * numbers, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 * numbers, converting:                   Conversion.          (line   6)
-* numbers, converting, to strings:       User-modified.       (line  28)
+* numbers, converting, to strings:       User-modified.       (line  30)
 * numbers, floating-point:               General Arithmetic.  (line   6)
 * numbers, hexadecimal:                  Nondecimal-numbers.  (line   6)
 * numbers, octal:                        Nondecimal-numbers.  (line   6)
@@ -32190,11 +32199,11 @@ Index
 * obsolete features:                     Obsolete.            (line   6)
 * octal numbers:                         Nondecimal-numbers.  (line   6)
 * octal values, enabling interpretation of: Options.          (line 211)
-* OFMT variable <1>:                     User-modified.       (line 115)
+* OFMT variable <1>:                     User-modified.       (line 105)
 * OFMT variable <2>:                     Conversion.          (line  55)
 * OFMT variable:                         OFMT.                (line  15)
 * OFMT variable, POSIX awk and:          OFMT.                (line  27)
-* OFS variable <1>:                      User-modified.       (line 124)
+* OFS variable <1>:                      User-modified.       (line 114)
 * OFS variable <2>:                      Output Separators.   (line   6)
 * OFS variable:                          Changing Fields.     (line  64)
 * OpenBSD:                               Glossary.            (line 616)
@@ -32247,7 +32256,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  12)
 * ord() user-defined function:           Ordinal Functions.   (line  16)
 * order of evaluation, concatenation:    Concatenation.       (line  41)
-* ORS variable <1>:                      User-modified.       (line 129)
+* ORS variable <1>:                      User-modified.       (line 119)
 * ORS variable:                          Output Separators.   (line  20)
 * output field separator, See OFS variable: Changing Fields.  (line  64)
 * output record separator, See ORS variable: Output Separators.
@@ -32267,7 +32276,7 @@ Index
 * p debugger command (alias for print):  Viewing And Changing Data.
                                                               (line  36)
 * P1003.1 POSIX standard:                Glossary.            (line 454)
-* parent process ID of gawk process:     Auto-set.            (line 186)
+* parent process ID of gawk process:     Auto-set.            (line 181)
 * parentheses (), in a profile:          Profiling.           (line 146)
 * parentheses (), regexp operator:       Regexp Operators.    (line  80)
 * password file:                         Passwd Functions.    (line  16)
@@ -32364,12 +32373,12 @@ Index
 * POSIX awk, break statement and:        Break Statement.     (line  51)
 * POSIX awk, changes in awk versions:    POSIX.               (line   6)
 * POSIX awk, continue statement and:     Continue Statement.  (line  43)
-* POSIX awk, CONVFMT variable and:       User-modified.       (line  28)
+* POSIX awk, CONVFMT variable and:       User-modified.       (line  30)
 * POSIX awk, date utility and:           Time Functions.      (line 263)
 * POSIX awk, field separators and <1>:   Field Splitting Summary.
                                                               (line  40)
 * POSIX awk, field separators and:       Fields.              (line   6)
-* POSIX awk, FS variable and:            User-modified.       (line  66)
+* POSIX awk, FS variable and:            User-modified.       (line  60)
 * POSIX awk, function keyword in:        Definition Syntax.   (line  83)
 * POSIX awk, functions and, gsub()/sub(): Gory Details.       (line  54)
 * POSIX awk, functions and, length():    String Functions.    (line 173)
@@ -32390,7 +32399,7 @@ Index
 * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk:  Clones.              (line   6)
 * POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable:  Options.             (line 340)
 * PREC variable <1>:                     Setting Precision.   (line   6)
-* PREC variable:                         User-modified.       (line 134)
+* PREC variable:                         User-modified.       (line 124)
 * precedence <1>:                        Precedence.          (line   6)
 * precedence:                            Increment Ops.       (line  60)
 * precedence, regexp operators:          Regexp Operators.    (line 157)
@@ -32401,7 +32410,7 @@ Index
 * print statement, commas, omitting:     Print Examples.      (line  31)
 * print statement, I/O operators in:     Precedence.          (line  71)
 * print statement, line continuations and: Print Examples.    (line  76)
-* print statement, OFMT variable and:    User-modified.       (line 124)
+* print statement, OFMT variable and:    User-modified.       (line 114)
 * print statement, See Also redirection, of output: Redirection.
                                                               (line  17)
 * print statement, sprintf() function and: Round Function.    (line   6)
@@ -32432,29 +32441,29 @@ Index
 * printing, unduplicated lines of text:  Uniq Program.        (line   6)
 * printing, user information:            Id Program.          (line   6)
 * private variables:                     Library Names.       (line  11)
-* process group idIDof gawk process:     Auto-set.            (line 180)
-* process ID of gawk process:            Auto-set.            (line 183)
+* process group idIDof gawk process:     Auto-set.            (line 175)
+* process ID of gawk process:            Auto-set.            (line 178)
 * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O.        (line  23)
 * processing data:                       Basic High Level.    (line   6)
 * PROCINFO array <1>:                    Passwd Functions.    (line   6)
 * PROCINFO array <2>:                    Time Functions.      (line  47)
-* PROCINFO array:                        Auto-set.            (line 133)
+* PROCINFO array:                        Auto-set.            (line 128)
 * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O.   (line 116)
 * PROCINFO array, and group membership:  Group Functions.     (line   6)
 * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program.  (line  15)
 * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions.
                                                               (line 161)
-* PROCINFO array, uses:                  Auto-set.            (line 239)
+* PROCINFO array, uses:                  Auto-set.            (line 234)
 * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in:         Controlling Scanning.
-                                                              (line  24)
+                                                              (line  26)
 * profiling awk programs:                Profiling.           (line   6)
 * profiling awk programs, dynamically:   Profiling.           (line 179)
-* program identifiers:                   Auto-set.            (line 151)
+* program identifiers:                   Auto-set.            (line 146)
 * program, definition of:                Getting Started.     (line  21)
 * programmers, attractiveness of:        Two-way I/O.         (line   6)
 * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data.
                                                               (line  36)
-* programming conventions, ARGC/ARGV variables: Auto-set.     (line  31)
+* programming conventions, ARGC/ARGV variables: Auto-set.     (line  35)
 * programming conventions, exit statement: Exit Statement.    (line  38)
 * programming conventions, function parameters: Return Statement.
                                                               (line  45)
@@ -32518,7 +32527,7 @@ Index
 * readfile() user-defined function:      Readfile Function.   (line  30)
 * reading input files:                   Reading Files.       (line   6)
 * recipe for a programming language:     History.             (line   6)
-* record separators <1>:                 User-modified.       (line 143)
+* record separators <1>:                 User-modified.       (line 133)
 * record separators:                     awk split records.   (line   6)
 * record separators, changing:           awk split records.   (line  85)
 * record separators, regular expressions as: awk split records.
@@ -32559,7 +32568,7 @@ Index
 * regular expressions, as patterns:      Regexp Usage.        (line   6)
 * regular expressions, as record separators: awk split records.
                                                               (line 124)
-* regular expressions, case sensitivity <1>: User-modified.   (line  82)
+* regular expressions, case sensitivity <1>: User-modified.   (line  76)
 * regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity.    (line   6)
 * regular expressions, computed:         Computed Regexps.    (line   6)
 * regular expressions, constants, See regexp constants: Regexp Usage.
@@ -32609,7 +32618,7 @@ Index
 * right shift:                           Bitwise Functions.   (line  52)
 * right shift, bitwise:                  Bitwise Functions.   (line  32)
 * Ritchie, Dennis:                       Basic Data Typing.   (line  55)
-* RLENGTH variable:                      Auto-set.            (line 253)
+* RLENGTH variable:                      Auto-set.            (line 244)
 * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions.   (line 221)
 * Robbins, Arnold <1>:                   Future Extensions.   (line   6)
 * Robbins, Arnold <2>:                   Bugs.                (line  32)
@@ -32633,14 +32642,14 @@ Index
 * rounding numbers:                      Round Function.      (line   6)
 * ROUNDMODE variable <1>:                Setting Rounding Mode.
                                                               (line   6)
-* ROUNDMODE variable:                    User-modified.       (line 138)
-* RS variable <1>:                       User-modified.       (line 143)
+* ROUNDMODE variable:                    User-modified.       (line 128)
+* RS variable <1>:                       User-modified.       (line 133)
 * RS variable:                           awk split records.   (line  12)
 * RS variable, multiline records and:    Multiple Line.       (line  17)
 * rshift:                                Bitwise Functions.   (line  52)
-* RSTART variable:                       Auto-set.            (line 259)
+* RSTART variable:                       Auto-set.            (line 250)
 * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions.    (line 221)
-* RT variable <1>:                       Auto-set.            (line 266)
+* RT variable <1>:                       Auto-set.            (line 257)
 * RT variable <2>:                       Multiple Line.       (line 129)
 * RT variable:                           awk split records.   (line 124)
 * Rubin, Paul <1>:                       Contributors.        (line  15)
@@ -32660,6 +32669,7 @@ Index
 * scanning arrays:                       Scanning an Array.   (line   6)
 * scanning multidimensional arrays:      Multiscanning.       (line  11)
 * Schorr, Andrew <1>:                    Contributors.        (line 131)
+* Schorr, Andrew <2>:                    Auto-set.            (line 284)
 * Schorr, Andrew:                        Acknowledgments.     (line  60)
 * Schreiber, Bert:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  38)
 * Schreiber, Rita:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  38)
@@ -32687,16 +32697,16 @@ Index
                                                               (line  19)
 * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines.
                                                               (line  91)
-* separators, field:                     User-modified.       (line  56)
-* separators, field, FIELDWIDTHS variable and: User-modified. (line  35)
-* separators, field, FPAT variable and:  User-modified.       (line  45)
+* separators, field:                     User-modified.       (line  50)
+* separators, field, FIELDWIDTHS variable and: User-modified. (line  37)
+* separators, field, FPAT variable and:  User-modified.       (line  43)
 * separators, field, POSIX and:          Fields.              (line   6)
-* separators, for records <1>:           User-modified.       (line 143)
+* separators, for records <1>:           User-modified.       (line 133)
 * separators, for records:               awk split records.   (line   6)
 * separators, for records, regular expressions as: awk split records.
                                                               (line 124)
 * separators, for statements in actions: Action Overview.     (line  19)
-* separators, subscript:                 User-modified.       (line 156)
+* separators, subscript:                 User-modified.       (line 146)
 * set breakpoint:                        Breakpoint Control.  (line  11)
 * set debugger command:                  Viewing And Changing Data.
                                                               (line  59)
@@ -32747,7 +32757,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line 110)
 * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Field Splitting Summary.
                                                               (line  38)
-* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR:          Auto-set.            (line 312)
+* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR:          Auto-set.            (line 299)
 * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions.
                                                               (line 135)
 * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences.
@@ -32822,7 +32832,7 @@ Index
 * source code, QuikTrim Awk:             Other Versions.      (line 134)
 * source code, Solaris awk:              Other Versions.      (line  96)
 * source files, search path for:         Igawk Program.       (line 368)
-* sparse arrays:                         Array Intro.         (line  70)
+* sparse arrays:                         Array Intro.         (line  71)
 * Spencer, Henry:                        Glossary.            (line  12)
 * split:                                 String Functions.    (line 313)
 * split string into array:               String Functions.    (line 291)
@@ -32831,7 +32841,7 @@ Index
 * split.awk program:                     Split Program.       (line  30)
 * sprintf <1>:                           String Functions.    (line 378)
 * sprintf:                               OFMT.                (line  15)
-* sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified.       (line 124)
+* sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified.       (line 114)
 * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function.
                                                               (line   6)
 * sqrt:                                  Numeric Functions.   (line  78)
@@ -32877,7 +32887,7 @@ Index
 * strings, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 * strings, converting:                   Conversion.          (line   6)
 * strings, converting letter case:       String Functions.    (line 520)
-* strings, converting, numbers to:       User-modified.       (line  28)
+* strings, converting, numbers to:       User-modified.       (line  30)
 * strings, empty, See null strings:      awk split records.   (line 114)
 * strings, extracting:                   String Extraction.   (line   6)
 * strings, for localization:             Programmer i18n.     (line  14)
@@ -32894,7 +32904,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  43)
 * sub() function, arguments of:          String Functions.    (line 460)
 * sub() function, escape processing:     Gory Details.        (line   6)
-* subscript separators:                  User-modified.       (line 156)
+* subscript separators:                  User-modified.       (line 146)
 * subscripts in arrays, multidimensional: Multidimensional.   (line  10)
 * subscripts in arrays, multidimensional, scanning: Multiscanning.
                                                               (line  11)
@@ -32902,16 +32912,16 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * subscripts in arrays, uninitialized variables as: Uninitialized Subscripts.
                                                               (line   6)
-* SUBSEP variable:                       User-modified.       (line 156)
+* SUBSEP variable:                       User-modified.       (line 146)
 * SUBSEP variable, and multidimensional arrays: Multidimensional.
                                                               (line  16)
 * substitute in string:                  String Functions.    (line  82)
 * substr:                                String Functions.    (line 479)
 * substring:                             String Functions.    (line 479)
 * Sumner, Andrew:                        Other Versions.      (line  64)
-* supplementary groups of gawk process:  Auto-set.            (line 234)
+* supplementary groups of gawk process:  Auto-set.            (line 229)
 * switch statement:                      Switch Statement.    (line   6)
-* SYMTAB array:                          Auto-set.            (line 274)
+* SYMTAB array:                          Auto-set.            (line 261)
 * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
                                                               (line 148)
 * system:                                I/O Functions.       (line  72)
@@ -32941,7 +32951,7 @@ Index
 * text, printing:                        Print.               (line  22)
 * text, printing, unduplicated lines of: Uniq Program.        (line   6)
 * TEXTDOMAIN variable <1>:               Programmer i18n.     (line   9)
-* TEXTDOMAIN variable:                   User-modified.       (line 162)
+* TEXTDOMAIN variable:                   User-modified.       (line 152)
 * TEXTDOMAIN variable, BEGIN pattern and: Programmer i18n.    (line  60)
 * TEXTDOMAIN variable, portability and:  I18N Portability.    (line  20)
 * textdomain() function (C library):     Explaining gettext.  (line  27)
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 * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence.         (line  65)
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+Node: VMS Installation Details1078334
+Node: VMS Running1080585
+Node: VMS GNV1083419
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1084142
+Node: Bugs1084612
+Node: Other Versions1088530
+Node: Notes1094614
+Node: Compatibility Mode1095414
+Node: Additions1096197
+Node: Accessing The Source1097124
+Node: Adding Code1098564
+Node: New Ports1104609
+Node: Derived Files1108744
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11114065
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21114099
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31114699
+Node: Future Extensions1114797
+Node: Implementation Limitations1115380
+Node: Extension Design1116628
+Node: Old Extension Problems1117782
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11119290
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1119347
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11122712
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1122898
+Node: Extension Future Growth1125004
+Node: Old Extension Mechanism1125840
+Node: Basic Concepts1127580
+Node: Basic High Level1128261
+Ref: figure-general-flow1128533
+Ref: figure-process-flow1129132
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11132361
+Node: Basic Data Typing1132546
+Node: Glossary1135901
+Node: Copying1161132
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1198688
+Node: Index1223824
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index f721b5f4..569c2f33 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -13657,9 +13657,9 @@ automatically by @command{awk}, so that they carry information from the
 internal workings of @command{awk} to your program.
 
 @cindex @command{gawk}, built-in variables and
-This @value{SECTION} documents all the built-in variables of
-@command{gawk}, most of which are also documented in the chapters
-describing their areas of activity.
+This @value{SECTION} documents all of @command{gawk}'s built-in variables,
+most of which are also documented in the @value{CHAPTER}s describing
+their areas of activity.
 
 @menu
 * User-modified::               Built-in variables that you change to control
@@ -13677,44 +13677,38 @@ describing their areas of activity.
 @cindex user-modifiable variables
 
 The following is an alphabetical list of variables that you can change to
-control how @command{awk} does certain things. The variables that are
-specific to @command{gawk} are marked with a pound sign@w{ (@samp{#}).}
+control how @command{awk} does certain things.
+
+The variables that are specific to @command{gawk} are marked with a pound
+sign (@samp{#}).  These variables are @command{gawk} extensions.  In other
+@command{awk} implementations or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility
+mode (@pxref{Options}), they are not special.  (Any exceptions are noted
+in the description of each variable.)
 
 @table @code
 @cindex @code{BINMODE} variable
 @cindex binary input/output
 @cindex input/output, binary
-@item BINMODE #
-On non-POSIX systems, this variable specifies use of binary mode for all I/O.
-Numeric values of one, two, or three specify that input files, output files, or
-all files, respectively, should use binary I/O.
-A numeric value less than zero is treated as zero, and a numeric value greater than
-three is treated as three.
-Alternatively,
-string values of @code{"r"} or @code{"w"} specify that input files and
-output files, respectively, should use binary I/O.
-A string value of @code{"rw"} or @code{"wr"} indicates that all
-files should use binary I/O.
-Any other string value is treated the same as @code{"rw"},
-but causes @command{gawk}
-to generate a warning message.
-@code{BINMODE} is described in more detail in
-@ref{PC Using}.
-
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{BINMODE} variable
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations
-(except @command{mawk},
-@pxref{Other Versions}),
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
+@item BINMODE #
+On non-POSIX systems, this variable specifies use of binary mode
+for all I/O.  Numeric values of one, two, or three specify that input
+files, output files, or all files, respectively, should use binary I/O.
+A numeric value less than zero is treated as zero, and a numeric value
+greater than three is treated as three.  Alternatively, string values
+of @code{"r"} or @code{"w"} specify that input files and output files,
+respectively, should use binary I/O.  A string value of @code{"rw"} or
+@code{"wr"} indicates that all files should use binary I/O.  Any other
+string value is treated the same as @code{"rw"}, but causes @command{gawk}
+to generate a warning message.  @code{BINMODE} is described in more
+detail in @ref{PC Using}.  @command{mawk} @pxref{Other Versions}),
+also supports this variable, but only using numeric values.
 
 @cindex @code{CONVFMT} variable
 @cindex POSIX @command{awk}, @code{CONVFMT} variable and
 @cindex numbers, converting, to strings
 @cindex strings, converting, numbers to
-@item CONVFMT
+@item @code{CONVFMT}
 This string controls conversion of numbers to
 strings (@pxref{Conversion}).
 It works by being passed, in effect, as the first argument to the
@@ -13729,40 +13723,29 @@ Its default value is @code{"%.6g"}.
 @cindex field separators, @code{FIELDWIDTHS} variable and
 @cindex separators, field, @code{FIELDWIDTHS} variable and
 @item FIELDWIDTHS #
-This is a space-separated list of columns that tells @command{gawk}
+A space-separated list of columns that tells @command{gawk}
 how to split input with fixed columnar boundaries.
 Assigning a value to @code{FIELDWIDTHS}
 overrides the use of @code{FS} and @code{FPAT} for field splitting.
 @xref{Constant Size}, for more information.
 
-If @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}), then @code{FIELDWIDTHS}
-has no special meaning, and field-splitting operations occur based
-exclusively on the value of @code{FS}.
-
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{FPAT} variable in
 @cindex @code{FPAT} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{FPAT} variable
 @cindex field separators, @code{FPAT} variable and
 @cindex separators, field, @code{FPAT} variable and
 @item FPAT #
-This is a regular expression (as a string) that tells @command{gawk}
+A regular expression (as a string) that tells @command{gawk}
 to create the fields based on text that matches the regular expression.
 Assigning a value to @code{FPAT}
 overrides the use of @code{FS} and @code{FIELDWIDTHS} for field splitting.
 @xref{Splitting By Content}, for more information.
 
-If @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}), then @code{FPAT}
-has no special meaning, and field-splitting operations occur based
-exclusively on the value of @code{FS}.
-
 @cindex @code{FS} variable
 @cindex separators, field
 @cindex field separators
 @item FS
-This is the input field separator
-(@pxref{Field Separators}).
+The input field separator (@pxref{Field Separators}).
 The value is a single-character string or a multicharacter regular
 expression that matches the separations between fields in an input
 record.  If the value is the null string (@code{""}), then each
@@ -13812,18 +13795,13 @@ and it does not affect field splitting when using a single-character
 field separator.
 @xref{Case-sensitivity}.
 
-If @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-then @code{IGNORECASE} has no special meaning.  Thus, string
-and regexp operations are always case-sensitive.
-
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{LINT} variable in
 @cindex @code{LINT} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{LINT} variable
 @cindex lint checking
 @item LINT #
 When this variable is true (nonzero or non-null), @command{gawk}
-behaves as if the @option{--lint} command-line option is in effect.
+behaves as if the @option{--lint} command-line option is in effect
 (@pxref{Options}).
 With a value of @code{"fatal"}, lint warnings become fatal errors.
 With a value of @code{"invalid"}, only warnings about things that are
@@ -13844,7 +13822,7 @@ of @command{awk} being executed.
 @cindex numbers, converting, to strings
 @cindex strings, converting, numbers to
 @item OFMT
-This string controls conversion of numbers to
+Controls conversion of numbers to
 strings (@pxref{Conversion}) for
 printing with the @code{print} statement.  It works by being passed
 as the first argument to the @code{sprintf()} function
@@ -13865,7 +13843,7 @@ default value is @w{@code{" "}}, a string consisting of a single space.
 
 @cindex @code{ORS} variable
 @item ORS
-This is the output record separator.  It is output at the end of every
+The output record separator.  It is output at the end of every
 @code{print} statement.  Its default value is @code{"\n"}, the newline
 character.  (@xref{Output Separators}.)
 
@@ -13878,14 +13856,13 @@ The working precision of arbitrary precision floating-point numbers,
 @item ROUNDMODE #
 The rounding mode to use for arbitrary precision arithmetic on
 numbers, by default @code{"N"} (@samp{roundTiesToEven} in
-the IEEE-754 standard)
-(@pxref{Setting Rounding Mode}).
+the IEEE-754 standard; @pxref{Setting Rounding Mode}).
 
 @cindex @code{RS} variable
 @cindex separators, for records
 @cindex record separators
-@item RS
-This is @command{awk}'s input record separator.  Its default value is a string
+@item @code{RS}
+The input record separator.  Its default value is a string
 containing a single newline character, which means that an input record
 consists of a single line of text.
 It can also be the null string, in which case records are separated by
@@ -13904,8 +13881,8 @@ just the first character of @code{RS}'s value is used.
 @cindex @code{SUBSEP} variable
 @cindex separators, subscript
 @cindex subscript separators
-@item SUBSEP
-This is the subscript separator.  It has the default value of
+@item @code{SUBSEP}
+The subscript separator.  It has the default value of
 @code{"\034"} and is used to separate the parts of the indices of a
 multidimensional array.  Thus, the expression @code{@w{foo["A", "B"]}}
 really accesses @code{foo["A\034B"]}
@@ -13916,18 +13893,12 @@ really accesses @code{foo["A\034B"]}
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{TEXTDOMAIN} variable
 @cindex internationalization, localization
 @item TEXTDOMAIN #
-This variable is used for internationalization of programs at the
+Used for internationalization of programs at the
 @command{awk} level.  It sets the default text domain for specially
 marked string constants in the source text, as well as for the
 @code{dcgettext()}, @code{dcngettext()} and @code{bindtextdomain()} functions
 (@pxref{Internationalization}).
 The default value of @code{TEXTDOMAIN} is @code{"messages"}.
-
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
 @end table
 @c ENDOFRANGE bvar
 @c ENDOFRANGE varb
@@ -13943,8 +13914,12 @@ it is not special.
 @cindex variables, built-in, conveying information
 The following is an alphabetical list of variables that @command{awk}
 sets automatically on certain occasions in order to provide
-information to your program.  The variables that are specific to
-@command{gawk} are marked with a pound sign@w{ (@samp{#}).}
+information to your program.
+
+The variables that are specific to @command{gawk} are marked with a pound
+sign (@samp{#}).  These variables are @command{gawk} extensions.  In other
+@command{awk} implementations or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility
+mode (@pxref{Options}), they are not special.
 
 @c @asis for docbook
 @table @asis
@@ -13991,7 +13966,7 @@ about how @command{awk} uses these variables.
 
 @cindex @code{ARGIND} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{ARGIND} variable
-@item @code{ARGIND} #
+@item @code{ARGIND #}
 The index in @code{ARGV} of the current file being processed.
 Every time @command{gawk} opens a new data file for processing, it sets
 @code{ARGIND} to the index in @code{ARGV} of the file name.
@@ -14008,78 +13983,58 @@ While you can change the value of @code{ARGIND} within your @command{awk}
 program, @command{gawk} automatically sets it to a new value when the
 next file is opened.
 
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
-
 @cindex @code{ENVIRON} array
 @cindex environment variables, in @code{ENVIRON} array
 @item @code{ENVIRON}
 An associative array containing the values of the environment.  The array
 indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of
 the particular environment variables.  For example,
-@code{ENVIRON["HOME"]} might be @file{/home/arnold}.  Changing this array
+@code{ENVIRON["HOME"]} might be @code{"/home/arnold"}.  Changing this array
 does not affect the environment passed on to any programs that
 @command{awk} may spawn via redirection or the @code{system()} function.
-@c (In a future version of @command{gawk}, it may do so.)
+(In a future version of @command{gawk}, it may do so.)
 
 Some operating systems may not have environment variables.
 On such systems, the @code{ENVIRON} array is empty (except for
-@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]}},
-@pxref{AWKPATH Variable} and
-@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]}},
+@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]}} and
+@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]}};
+@pxref{AWKPATH Variable}, and
 @pxref{AWKLIBPATH Variable}).
 
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{ERRNO} variable in
 @cindex @code{ERRNO} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{ERRNO} variable
 @cindex error handling, @code{ERRNO} variable and
-@item @code{ERRNO} #
-If a system error occurs during a redirection for @code{getline},
-during a read for @code{getline}, or during a @code{close()} operation,
-then @code{ERRNO} contains a string describing the error.
-
-In addition, @command{gawk} clears @code{ERRNO}
-before opening each command-line input file. This enables checking if
-the file is readable inside a @code{BEGINFILE} pattern (@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}).
-
-Otherwise,
-@code{ERRNO} works similarly to the C variable @code{errno}.
-Except for the case just mentioned,
-@command{gawk} @emph{never} clears it (sets it
-to zero or @code{""}).  Thus, you should only expect its value
-to be meaningful when an I/O operation returns a failure
-value, such as @code{getline} returning @minus{}1.
-You are, of course, free to clear it yourself before doing an
-I/O operation.
-
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
+@item @code{ERRNO #}
+If a system error occurs during a redirection for @code{getline}, during
+a read for @code{getline}, or during a @code{close()} operation, then
+@code{ERRNO} contains a string describing the error.
+
+In addition, @command{gawk} clears @code{ERRNO} before opening each
+command-line input file. This enables checking if the file is readable
+inside a @code{BEGINFILE} pattern (@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}).
+
+Otherwise, @code{ERRNO} works similarly to the C variable @code{errno}.
+Except for the case just mentioned, @command{gawk} @emph{never} clears
+it (sets it to zero or @code{""}).  Thus, you should only expect its
+value to be meaningful when an I/O operation returns a failure value,
+such as @code{getline} returning @minus{}1.  You are, of course, free
+to clear it yourself before doing an I/O operation.
 
 @cindex @code{FILENAME} variable
 @cindex dark corner, @code{FILENAME} variable
 @item @code{FILENAME}
-The name of the file that @command{awk} is currently reading.
-When no data files are listed on the command line, @command{awk} reads
-from the standard input and @code{FILENAME} is set to @code{"-"}.
-@code{FILENAME} is changed each time a new file is read
-(@pxref{Reading Files}).
-Inside a @code{BEGIN} rule, the value of @code{FILENAME} is
-@code{""}, since there are no input files being processed
-yet.@footnote{Some early implementations of Unix @command{awk} initialized
-@code{FILENAME} to @code{"-"}, even if there were data files to be
-processed. This behavior was incorrect and should not be relied
-upon in your programs.}
-@value{DARKCORNER}
-Note, though, that using @code{getline}
-(@pxref{Getline})
-inside a @code{BEGIN} rule can give
-@code{FILENAME} a value.
+The name of the current input file.  When no data files are listed
+on the command line, @command{awk} reads from the standard input and
+@code{FILENAME} is set to @code{"-"}.  @code{FILENAME} changes each
+time a new file is read (@pxref{Reading Files}).  Inside a @code{BEGIN}
+rule, the value of @code{FILENAME} is @code{""}, since there are no input
+files being processed yet.@footnote{Some early implementations of Unix
+@command{awk} initialized @code{FILENAME} to @code{"-"}, even if there
+were data files to be processed. This behavior was incorrect and should
+not be relied upon in your programs.} @value{DARKCORNER} Note, though,
+that using @code{getline} (@pxref{Getline}) inside a @code{BEGIN} rule
+can give @code{FILENAME} a value.
 
 @cindex @code{FNR} variable
 @item @code{FNR}
@@ -14103,14 +14058,14 @@ current record. @xref{Changing Fields}.
 @cindex @code{FUNCTAB} array
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{FUNCTAB} array in
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{FUNCTAB} variable
-@item @code{FUNCTAB} #
+@item @code{FUNCTAB #}
 An array whose indices and corresponding values are the names of all
 the user-defined or extension functions in the program.
 
 @quotation NOTE
 Attempting to use the @code{delete} statement with the @code{FUNCTAB}
-array will cause a fatal error.  Any attempt to assign to an element of
-the @code{FUNCTAB} array will also cause a fatal error.
+array causes a fatal error.  Any attempt to assign to an element of
+@code{FUNCTAB} also causes a fatal error.
 @end quotation
 
 @cindex @code{NR} variable
@@ -14123,7 +14078,7 @@ the beginning of the program's execution
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{PROCINFO} array in
 @cindex @code{PROCINFO} array
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{PROCINFO} array
-@item @code{PROCINFO} #
+@item @code{PROCINFO #}
 The elements of this array provide access to information about the
 running @command{awk} program.
 The following elements (listed alphabetically)
@@ -14192,7 +14147,7 @@ The parent process ID of the current process.
 @item PROCINFO["sorted_in"]
 If this element exists in @code{PROCINFO}, its value controls the
 order in which array indices will be processed by
-@samp{for (index in array) @dots{}} loops.
+@samp{for (@var{index} in @var{array})} loops.
 Since this is an advanced feature, we defer the
 full description until later; see
 @ref{Scanning an Array}.
@@ -14262,10 +14217,9 @@ The @code{PROCINFO} array has the following additional uses:
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item
-It may be
-used to cause coprocesses
-to communicate over pseudo-ttys instead of through two-way pipes;
-this is discussed further in @ref{Two-way I/O}.
+It may be used to cause coprocesses to communicate over pseudo-ttys
+instead of through two-way pipes; this is discussed further in
+@ref{Two-way I/O}.
 
 @item
 It may be used to provide a timeout when reading from any
@@ -14273,12 +14227,6 @@ open input file, pipe, or coprocess.
 @xref{Read Timeout}, for more information.
 @end itemize
 
-This array is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
-
 @cindex @code{RLENGTH} variable
 @item @code{RLENGTH}
 The length of the substring matched by the
@@ -14299,20 +14247,14 @@ if no match was found.
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{RT} variable in
 @cindex @code{RT} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{RT} variable
-@item @code{RT} #
-This is set each time a record is read. It contains the input text
-that matched the text denoted by @code{RS}, the record separator.
-
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
+@item @code{RT #}
+The input text that matched the text denoted by @code{RS},
+the record separator.  It is set every time a record is read.
 
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{SYMTAB} array in
 @cindex @code{SYMTAB} array
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{SYMTAB} variable
-@item @code{SYMTAB} #
+@item @code{SYMTAB #}
 An array whose indices are the names of all currently defined
 global variables and arrays in the program.  The array may be used
 for indirect access to read or write the value of a variable:
@@ -14341,6 +14283,7 @@ This works as expected: in this case @code{SYMTAB} acts just like
 a regular array.  The only difference is that you can't then delete
 @code{SYMTAB["xxx"]}.
 
+@cindex Schorr, Andrew
 The @code{SYMTAB} array is more interesting than it looks. Andrew Schorr
 points out that it effectively gives @command{awk} data pointers. Consider his
 example:
@@ -14355,8 +14298,8 @@ function multiply(variable, amount)
 @end example
 
 @quotation NOTE
-In order to avoid severe time-travel paradoxes@footnote{Not to mention difficult
-implementation issues.}, neither @code{FUNCTAB} nor @code{SYMTAB}
+In order to avoid severe time-travel paradoxes,@footnote{Not to mention difficult
+implementation issues.} neither @code{FUNCTAB} nor @code{SYMTAB}
 are available as elements within the @code{SYMTAB} array.
 @end quotation
 @end table
@@ -14584,7 +14527,7 @@ It also describes how @command{awk} simulates multidimensional
 arrays, as well as some of the less obvious points about array usage.
 The @value{CHAPTER} moves on to discuss @command{gawk}'s facility
 for sorting arrays, and ends with a brief description of @command{gawk}'s
-ability to support true multidimensional arrays.
+ability to support true arrays of arrays.
 
 @cindex variables, names of
 @cindex functions, names of
@@ -14668,35 +14611,32 @@ the array is declared.)
 
 A contiguous array of four elements might look like the following example,
 conceptually, if the element values are 8, @code{"foo"},
-@code{""}, and 30:
+@code{""}, and 30
+@ifnotdocbook
+as shown in @ref{figure-array-elements}:
+@end ifnotdocbook
+@ifdocbook
+as shown in @inlineraw{docbook, <xref linkend="figure-array-elements"/>}:
+@end ifdocbook
 
-@c @strong{FIXME: NEXT ED:} Use real images here, and an @float
-@iftex
-@c from Karl Berry, much thanks for the help.
-@tex
-\bigskip % space above the table (about 1 linespace)
-\offinterlineskip
-\newdimen\width \width = 1.5cm
-\newdimen\hwidth \hwidth = 4\width \advance\hwidth by 2pt % 5 * 0.4pt
-\centerline{\vbox{
-\halign{\strut\hfil\ignorespaces#&&\vrule#&\hbox to\width{\hfil#\unskip\hfil}\cr
-\noalign{\hrule width\hwidth}
-	&&{\tt 8} &&{\tt "foo"} &&{\tt ""} &&{\tt 30} &&\quad Value\cr
-\noalign{\hrule width\hwidth}
-\noalign{\smallskip}
-	&\omit&0&\omit &1   &\omit&2 &\omit&3 &\omit&\quad Index\cr
-}
-}}
-@end tex
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@example
-+---------+---------+--------+---------+
-|    8    |  "foo"  |   ""   |    30   |    @r{Value}
-+---------+---------+--------+---------+
-     0         1         2         3        @r{Index}
-@end example
-@end ifnottex
+@ifnotdocbook
+@float Figure,figure-array-elements
+@caption{A Contiguous Array}
+@ifinfo
+@center @image{array-elements, , , Basic Program Stages, txt}
+@end ifinfo
+@ifnotinfo
+@center @image{array-elements, , , Basic Program Stages}
+@end ifnotinfo
+@end float
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<figure id="figure-array-elements">
+<title>A Contiguous Array</title>
+<graphic fileref="array-elements.eps"/>
+</figure>
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 Only the values are stored; the indices are implicit from the order of
@@ -14713,12 +14653,53 @@ Arrays in @command{awk} are different---they are @dfn{associative}.  This means
 that each array is a collection of pairs: an index and its corresponding
 array element value:
 
+@ifnotdocbook
 @example
 @r{Index} 3     @r{Value} 30
 @r{Index} 1     @r{Value} "foo"
 @r{Index} 0     @r{Value} 8
 @r{Index} 2     @r{Value} ""
 @end example
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<informaltable>
+<tgroup cols="2">
+<colspec colname="1" align="center"/>
+<colspec colname="2" align="center"/>
+<thead>
+<row>
+<entry>Index</entry>
+<entry>Value</entry>
+</row>
+</thead>
+
+<tbody>
+<row>
+<entry><literal>3</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>30</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>1</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"foo"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>0</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>8</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>2</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>""</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+</tbody>
+</tgroup>
+</informaltable>
+
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 The pairs are shown in jumbled order because their order is irrelevant.
@@ -14727,6 +14708,7 @@ One advantage of associative arrays is that new pairs can be added
 at any time.  For example, suppose a tenth element is added to the array
 whose value is @w{@code{"number ten"}}.  The result is:
 
+@ifnotdocbook
 @example
 @r{Index} 10    @r{Value} "number ten"
 @r{Index} 3     @r{Value} 30
@@ -14734,6 +14716,51 @@ whose value is @w{@code{"number ten"}}.  The result is:
 @r{Index} 0     @r{Value} 8
 @r{Index} 2     @r{Value} ""
 @end example
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<informaltable>
+<tgroup cols="2">
+<colspec colname="1" align="center"/>
+<colspec colname="2" align="center"/>
+<thead>
+<row>
+<entry>Index</entry>
+<entry>Value</entry>
+</row>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>10</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"number ten"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>3</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>30</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>1</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"foo"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>0</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>8</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>2</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>""</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+</tbody>
+</tgroup>
+</informaltable>
+
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 @cindex sparse arrays
@@ -14746,20 +14773,60 @@ have to be positive integers.  Any number, or even a string, can be
 an index.  For example, the following is an array that translates words from
 English to French:
 
+@ifnotdocbook
 @example
 @r{Index} "dog" @r{Value} "chien"
 @r{Index} "cat" @r{Value} "chat"
 @r{Index} "one" @r{Value} "un"
 @r{Index} 1     @r{Value} "un"
 @end example
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<informaltable>
+<tgroup cols="2">
+<colspec colname="1" align="center"/>
+<colspec colname="2" align="center"/>
+<thead>
+<row>
+<entry>Index</entry>
+<entry>Value</entry>
+</row>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<row>
+<entry><literal>"dog"</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"chien"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>"cat"</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"chat"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>"one"</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"un"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>1</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"un"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+</tbody>
+</tgroup>
+</informaltable>
+
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 Here we decided to translate the number one in both spelled-out and
 numeric form---thus illustrating that a single array can have both
 numbers and strings as indices.
-In fact, array subscripts are always strings; this is discussed
+(In fact, array subscripts are always strings; this is discussed
 in more detail in
-@ref{Numeric Array Subscripts}.
+@ref{Numeric Array Subscripts}.)
 Here, the number @code{1} isn't double-quoted, since @command{awk}
 automatically converts it to a string.
 
@@ -14835,14 +14902,14 @@ To determine whether an element exists in an array at a certain index, use
 the following expression:
 
 @example
-@var{ind} in @var{array}
+@var{indx} in @var{array}
 @end example
 
 @cindex side effects, array indexing
 @noindent
-This expression tests whether the particular index @var{ind} exists,
+This expression tests whether the particular index @var{indx} exists,
 without the side effect of creating that element if it is not present.
-The expression has the value one (true) if @code{@var{array}[@var{ind}]}
+The expression has the value one (true) if @code{@var{array}[@var{indx}]}
 exists and zero (false) if it does not exist.
 For example, this statement tests whether the array @code{frequencies}
 contains the index @samp{2}:
@@ -15016,14 +15083,56 @@ for a more detailed example of this type.
 @cindex @code{in} operator, order of array access
 The order in which elements of the array are accessed by this statement
 is determined by the internal arrangement of the array elements within
-@command{awk} and normally cannot be controlled or changed.  This can lead to
-problems if new elements are added to @var{array} by statements in
-the loop body; it is not predictable whether the @code{for} loop will
-reach them.  Similarly, changing @var{var} inside the loop may produce
-strange results.  It is best to avoid such things.
+@command{awk} and in standard @command{awk} cannot be controlled
+or changed.  This can lead to problems if new elements are added to
+@var{array} by statements in the loop body; it is not predictable whether
+the @code{for} loop will reach them.  Similarly, changing @var{var} inside
+the loop may produce strange results.  It is best to avoid such things.
+
+As a point of information, @command{gawk} sets up the list of elements
+to be iterated over before the loop starts, and does not change it.
+But not all @command{awk} versions do so. Consider this program, named
+@file{loopcheck.awk}:
+
+@example
+BEGIN @{
+    a["here"] = "here"
+    a["is"] = "is"
+    a["a"] = "a"
+    a["loop"] = "loop"
+    for (i in a) @{
+        j++
+        a[j] = j
+        print i
+    @}
+@}
+@end example
+
+Here is what happens when run with @command{gawk}:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -f loopcheck.awk}
+@print{} here
+@print{} loop
+@print{} a
+@print{} is
+@end example
+
+Contrast this to Brian Kernighan's @command{awk}:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{nawk -f loopcheck.awk}
+@print{} loop
+@print{} here
+@print{} is
+@print{} a
+@print{} 1
+@end example
 
 @node Controlling Scanning
-@subsection Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders
+@subsection Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders With @command{gawk}
+
+This @value{SUBSECTION} describes a feature that is specific to @command{gawk}.
 
 By default, when a @code{for} loop traverses an array, the order
 is undefined, meaning that the @command{awk} implementation
@@ -15377,7 +15486,7 @@ $ @kbd{echo 'line 1}
 @print{} line 2
 @end example
 
-Unfortunately, the very first line of input data did not come out in the
+Unfortunately, the very first line of input data did not appear in the
 output!
 
 Upon first glance, we would think that this program should have worked.
@@ -15575,7 +15684,7 @@ separate indices is recovered.
 array access and provides true arrays of
 arrays. Elements of a subarray are referred to by their own indices
 enclosed in square brackets, just like the elements of the main array.
-For example, the following creates a two-element subarray at index @samp{1}
+For example, the following creates a two-element subarray at index @code{1}
 of the main array @code{a}:
 
 @example
@@ -15599,7 +15708,7 @@ Each subarray and the main array can be of different length. In fact, the
 elements of an array or its subarray do not all have to have the same
 type. This means that the main array and any of its subarrays can be
 non-rectangular, or jagged in structure. One can assign a scalar value to
-the index @samp{4} of the main array @code{a}:
+the index @code{4} of the main array @code{a}:
 
 @example
 a[4] = "An element in a jagged array"
@@ -15620,7 +15729,7 @@ a[4][5][6][7] = "An element in a four-dimensional array"
 @end example
 
 @noindent
-This removes the scalar value from index @samp{4} and then inserts a
+This removes the scalar value from index @code{4} and then inserts a
 subarray of subarray of subarray containing a scalar. You can also
 delete an entire subarray or subarray of subarrays:
 
@@ -37943,7 +38052,7 @@ of the following, very basic set of steps,
 as shown in @ref{figure-process-flow}:
 @end ifnotdocbook
 @ifdocbook
-as shown in @inlineraw{docbook <xref linkend="figure-process-flow"/>}:
+as shown in @inlineraw{docbook, <xref linkend="figure-process-flow"/>}:
 @end ifdocbook
 
 @ifnotdocbook
@@ -40289,4 +40398,5 @@ which sorta sucks.
 
 TODO:
 -----
-2. Add back in docbook fixes for @r{}.
+3. Check all docbook figures, if they should include with a
+specific extension or not.
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index d73697df..06206642 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -13037,9 +13037,9 @@ automatically by @command{awk}, so that they carry information from the
 internal workings of @command{awk} to your program.
 
 @cindex @command{gawk}, built-in variables and
-This @value{SECTION} documents all the built-in variables of
-@command{gawk}, most of which are also documented in the chapters
-describing their areas of activity.
+This @value{SECTION} documents all of @command{gawk}'s built-in variables,
+most of which are also documented in the @value{CHAPTER}s describing
+their areas of activity.
 
 @menu
 * User-modified::               Built-in variables that you change to control
@@ -13057,44 +13057,38 @@ describing their areas of activity.
 @cindex user-modifiable variables
 
 The following is an alphabetical list of variables that you can change to
-control how @command{awk} does certain things. The variables that are
-specific to @command{gawk} are marked with a pound sign@w{ (@samp{#}).}
+control how @command{awk} does certain things.
+
+The variables that are specific to @command{gawk} are marked with a pound
+sign (@samp{#}).  These variables are @command{gawk} extensions.  In other
+@command{awk} implementations or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility
+mode (@pxref{Options}), they are not special.  (Any exceptions are noted
+in the description of each variable.)
 
 @table @code
 @cindex @code{BINMODE} variable
 @cindex binary input/output
 @cindex input/output, binary
-@item BINMODE #
-On non-POSIX systems, this variable specifies use of binary mode for all I/O.
-Numeric values of one, two, or three specify that input files, output files, or
-all files, respectively, should use binary I/O.
-A numeric value less than zero is treated as zero, and a numeric value greater than
-three is treated as three.
-Alternatively,
-string values of @code{"r"} or @code{"w"} specify that input files and
-output files, respectively, should use binary I/O.
-A string value of @code{"rw"} or @code{"wr"} indicates that all
-files should use binary I/O.
-Any other string value is treated the same as @code{"rw"},
-but causes @command{gawk}
-to generate a warning message.
-@code{BINMODE} is described in more detail in
-@ref{PC Using}.
-
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{BINMODE} variable
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations
-(except @command{mawk},
-@pxref{Other Versions}),
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
+@item BINMODE #
+On non-POSIX systems, this variable specifies use of binary mode
+for all I/O.  Numeric values of one, two, or three specify that input
+files, output files, or all files, respectively, should use binary I/O.
+A numeric value less than zero is treated as zero, and a numeric value
+greater than three is treated as three.  Alternatively, string values
+of @code{"r"} or @code{"w"} specify that input files and output files,
+respectively, should use binary I/O.  A string value of @code{"rw"} or
+@code{"wr"} indicates that all files should use binary I/O.  Any other
+string value is treated the same as @code{"rw"}, but causes @command{gawk}
+to generate a warning message.  @code{BINMODE} is described in more
+detail in @ref{PC Using}.  @command{mawk} @pxref{Other Versions}),
+also supports this variable, but only using numeric values.
 
 @cindex @code{CONVFMT} variable
 @cindex POSIX @command{awk}, @code{CONVFMT} variable and
 @cindex numbers, converting, to strings
 @cindex strings, converting, numbers to
-@item CONVFMT
+@item @code{CONVFMT}
 This string controls conversion of numbers to
 strings (@pxref{Conversion}).
 It works by being passed, in effect, as the first argument to the
@@ -13109,40 +13103,29 @@ Its default value is @code{"%.6g"}.
 @cindex field separators, @code{FIELDWIDTHS} variable and
 @cindex separators, field, @code{FIELDWIDTHS} variable and
 @item FIELDWIDTHS #
-This is a space-separated list of columns that tells @command{gawk}
+A space-separated list of columns that tells @command{gawk}
 how to split input with fixed columnar boundaries.
 Assigning a value to @code{FIELDWIDTHS}
 overrides the use of @code{FS} and @code{FPAT} for field splitting.
 @xref{Constant Size}, for more information.
 
-If @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}), then @code{FIELDWIDTHS}
-has no special meaning, and field-splitting operations occur based
-exclusively on the value of @code{FS}.
-
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{FPAT} variable in
 @cindex @code{FPAT} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{FPAT} variable
 @cindex field separators, @code{FPAT} variable and
 @cindex separators, field, @code{FPAT} variable and
 @item FPAT #
-This is a regular expression (as a string) that tells @command{gawk}
+A regular expression (as a string) that tells @command{gawk}
 to create the fields based on text that matches the regular expression.
 Assigning a value to @code{FPAT}
 overrides the use of @code{FS} and @code{FIELDWIDTHS} for field splitting.
 @xref{Splitting By Content}, for more information.
 
-If @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}), then @code{FPAT}
-has no special meaning, and field-splitting operations occur based
-exclusively on the value of @code{FS}.
-
 @cindex @code{FS} variable
 @cindex separators, field
 @cindex field separators
 @item FS
-This is the input field separator
-(@pxref{Field Separators}).
+The input field separator (@pxref{Field Separators}).
 The value is a single-character string or a multicharacter regular
 expression that matches the separations between fields in an input
 record.  If the value is the null string (@code{""}), then each
@@ -13192,18 +13175,13 @@ and it does not affect field splitting when using a single-character
 field separator.
 @xref{Case-sensitivity}.
 
-If @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-then @code{IGNORECASE} has no special meaning.  Thus, string
-and regexp operations are always case-sensitive.
-
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{LINT} variable in
 @cindex @code{LINT} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{LINT} variable
 @cindex lint checking
 @item LINT #
 When this variable is true (nonzero or non-null), @command{gawk}
-behaves as if the @option{--lint} command-line option is in effect.
+behaves as if the @option{--lint} command-line option is in effect
 (@pxref{Options}).
 With a value of @code{"fatal"}, lint warnings become fatal errors.
 With a value of @code{"invalid"}, only warnings about things that are
@@ -13224,7 +13202,7 @@ of @command{awk} being executed.
 @cindex numbers, converting, to strings
 @cindex strings, converting, numbers to
 @item OFMT
-This string controls conversion of numbers to
+Controls conversion of numbers to
 strings (@pxref{Conversion}) for
 printing with the @code{print} statement.  It works by being passed
 as the first argument to the @code{sprintf()} function
@@ -13245,7 +13223,7 @@ default value is @w{@code{" "}}, a string consisting of a single space.
 
 @cindex @code{ORS} variable
 @item ORS
-This is the output record separator.  It is output at the end of every
+The output record separator.  It is output at the end of every
 @code{print} statement.  Its default value is @code{"\n"}, the newline
 character.  (@xref{Output Separators}.)
 
@@ -13258,14 +13236,13 @@ The working precision of arbitrary precision floating-point numbers,
 @item ROUNDMODE #
 The rounding mode to use for arbitrary precision arithmetic on
 numbers, by default @code{"N"} (@samp{roundTiesToEven} in
-the IEEE-754 standard)
-(@pxref{Setting Rounding Mode}).
+the IEEE-754 standard; @pxref{Setting Rounding Mode}).
 
 @cindex @code{RS} variable
 @cindex separators, for records
 @cindex record separators
-@item RS
-This is @command{awk}'s input record separator.  Its default value is a string
+@item @code{RS}
+The input record separator.  Its default value is a string
 containing a single newline character, which means that an input record
 consists of a single line of text.
 It can also be the null string, in which case records are separated by
@@ -13284,8 +13261,8 @@ just the first character of @code{RS}'s value is used.
 @cindex @code{SUBSEP} variable
 @cindex separators, subscript
 @cindex subscript separators
-@item SUBSEP
-This is the subscript separator.  It has the default value of
+@item @code{SUBSEP}
+The subscript separator.  It has the default value of
 @code{"\034"} and is used to separate the parts of the indices of a
 multidimensional array.  Thus, the expression @code{@w{foo["A", "B"]}}
 really accesses @code{foo["A\034B"]}
@@ -13296,18 +13273,12 @@ really accesses @code{foo["A\034B"]}
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{TEXTDOMAIN} variable
 @cindex internationalization, localization
 @item TEXTDOMAIN #
-This variable is used for internationalization of programs at the
+Used for internationalization of programs at the
 @command{awk} level.  It sets the default text domain for specially
 marked string constants in the source text, as well as for the
 @code{dcgettext()}, @code{dcngettext()} and @code{bindtextdomain()} functions
 (@pxref{Internationalization}).
 The default value of @code{TEXTDOMAIN} is @code{"messages"}.
-
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
 @end table
 @c ENDOFRANGE bvar
 @c ENDOFRANGE varb
@@ -13323,8 +13294,12 @@ it is not special.
 @cindex variables, built-in, conveying information
 The following is an alphabetical list of variables that @command{awk}
 sets automatically on certain occasions in order to provide
-information to your program.  The variables that are specific to
-@command{gawk} are marked with a pound sign@w{ (@samp{#}).}
+information to your program.
+
+The variables that are specific to @command{gawk} are marked with a pound
+sign (@samp{#}).  These variables are @command{gawk} extensions.  In other
+@command{awk} implementations or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility
+mode (@pxref{Options}), they are not special.
 
 @c @asis for docbook
 @table @asis
@@ -13371,7 +13346,7 @@ about how @command{awk} uses these variables.
 
 @cindex @code{ARGIND} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{ARGIND} variable
-@item @code{ARGIND} #
+@item @code{ARGIND #}
 The index in @code{ARGV} of the current file being processed.
 Every time @command{gawk} opens a new data file for processing, it sets
 @code{ARGIND} to the index in @code{ARGV} of the file name.
@@ -13388,78 +13363,58 @@ While you can change the value of @code{ARGIND} within your @command{awk}
 program, @command{gawk} automatically sets it to a new value when the
 next file is opened.
 
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
-
 @cindex @code{ENVIRON} array
 @cindex environment variables, in @code{ENVIRON} array
 @item @code{ENVIRON}
 An associative array containing the values of the environment.  The array
 indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of
 the particular environment variables.  For example,
-@code{ENVIRON["HOME"]} might be @file{/home/arnold}.  Changing this array
+@code{ENVIRON["HOME"]} might be @code{"/home/arnold"}.  Changing this array
 does not affect the environment passed on to any programs that
 @command{awk} may spawn via redirection or the @code{system()} function.
-@c (In a future version of @command{gawk}, it may do so.)
+(In a future version of @command{gawk}, it may do so.)
 
 Some operating systems may not have environment variables.
 On such systems, the @code{ENVIRON} array is empty (except for
-@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]}},
-@pxref{AWKPATH Variable} and
-@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]}},
+@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]}} and
+@w{@code{ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]}};
+@pxref{AWKPATH Variable}, and
 @pxref{AWKLIBPATH Variable}).
 
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{ERRNO} variable in
 @cindex @code{ERRNO} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{ERRNO} variable
 @cindex error handling, @code{ERRNO} variable and
-@item @code{ERRNO} #
-If a system error occurs during a redirection for @code{getline},
-during a read for @code{getline}, or during a @code{close()} operation,
-then @code{ERRNO} contains a string describing the error.
-
-In addition, @command{gawk} clears @code{ERRNO}
-before opening each command-line input file. This enables checking if
-the file is readable inside a @code{BEGINFILE} pattern (@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}).
-
-Otherwise,
-@code{ERRNO} works similarly to the C variable @code{errno}.
-Except for the case just mentioned,
-@command{gawk} @emph{never} clears it (sets it
-to zero or @code{""}).  Thus, you should only expect its value
-to be meaningful when an I/O operation returns a failure
-value, such as @code{getline} returning @minus{}1.
-You are, of course, free to clear it yourself before doing an
-I/O operation.
-
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
+@item @code{ERRNO #}
+If a system error occurs during a redirection for @code{getline}, during
+a read for @code{getline}, or during a @code{close()} operation, then
+@code{ERRNO} contains a string describing the error.
+
+In addition, @command{gawk} clears @code{ERRNO} before opening each
+command-line input file. This enables checking if the file is readable
+inside a @code{BEGINFILE} pattern (@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}).
+
+Otherwise, @code{ERRNO} works similarly to the C variable @code{errno}.
+Except for the case just mentioned, @command{gawk} @emph{never} clears
+it (sets it to zero or @code{""}).  Thus, you should only expect its
+value to be meaningful when an I/O operation returns a failure value,
+such as @code{getline} returning @minus{}1.  You are, of course, free
+to clear it yourself before doing an I/O operation.
 
 @cindex @code{FILENAME} variable
 @cindex dark corner, @code{FILENAME} variable
 @item @code{FILENAME}
-The name of the file that @command{awk} is currently reading.
-When no data files are listed on the command line, @command{awk} reads
-from the standard input and @code{FILENAME} is set to @code{"-"}.
-@code{FILENAME} is changed each time a new file is read
-(@pxref{Reading Files}).
-Inside a @code{BEGIN} rule, the value of @code{FILENAME} is
-@code{""}, since there are no input files being processed
-yet.@footnote{Some early implementations of Unix @command{awk} initialized
-@code{FILENAME} to @code{"-"}, even if there were data files to be
-processed. This behavior was incorrect and should not be relied
-upon in your programs.}
-@value{DARKCORNER}
-Note, though, that using @code{getline}
-(@pxref{Getline})
-inside a @code{BEGIN} rule can give
-@code{FILENAME} a value.
+The name of the current input file.  When no data files are listed
+on the command line, @command{awk} reads from the standard input and
+@code{FILENAME} is set to @code{"-"}.  @code{FILENAME} changes each
+time a new file is read (@pxref{Reading Files}).  Inside a @code{BEGIN}
+rule, the value of @code{FILENAME} is @code{""}, since there are no input
+files being processed yet.@footnote{Some early implementations of Unix
+@command{awk} initialized @code{FILENAME} to @code{"-"}, even if there
+were data files to be processed. This behavior was incorrect and should
+not be relied upon in your programs.} @value{DARKCORNER} Note, though,
+that using @code{getline} (@pxref{Getline}) inside a @code{BEGIN} rule
+can give @code{FILENAME} a value.
 
 @cindex @code{FNR} variable
 @item @code{FNR}
@@ -13483,14 +13438,14 @@ current record. @xref{Changing Fields}.
 @cindex @code{FUNCTAB} array
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{FUNCTAB} array in
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{FUNCTAB} variable
-@item @code{FUNCTAB} #
+@item @code{FUNCTAB #}
 An array whose indices and corresponding values are the names of all
 the user-defined or extension functions in the program.
 
 @quotation NOTE
 Attempting to use the @code{delete} statement with the @code{FUNCTAB}
-array will cause a fatal error.  Any attempt to assign to an element of
-the @code{FUNCTAB} array will also cause a fatal error.
+array causes a fatal error.  Any attempt to assign to an element of
+@code{FUNCTAB} also causes a fatal error.
 @end quotation
 
 @cindex @code{NR} variable
@@ -13503,7 +13458,7 @@ the beginning of the program's execution
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{PROCINFO} array in
 @cindex @code{PROCINFO} array
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{PROCINFO} array
-@item @code{PROCINFO} #
+@item @code{PROCINFO #}
 The elements of this array provide access to information about the
 running @command{awk} program.
 The following elements (listed alphabetically)
@@ -13572,7 +13527,7 @@ The parent process ID of the current process.
 @item PROCINFO["sorted_in"]
 If this element exists in @code{PROCINFO}, its value controls the
 order in which array indices will be processed by
-@samp{for (index in array) @dots{}} loops.
+@samp{for (@var{index} in @var{array})} loops.
 Since this is an advanced feature, we defer the
 full description until later; see
 @ref{Scanning an Array}.
@@ -13642,10 +13597,9 @@ The @code{PROCINFO} array has the following additional uses:
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item
-It may be
-used to cause coprocesses
-to communicate over pseudo-ttys instead of through two-way pipes;
-this is discussed further in @ref{Two-way I/O}.
+It may be used to cause coprocesses to communicate over pseudo-ttys
+instead of through two-way pipes; this is discussed further in
+@ref{Two-way I/O}.
 
 @item
 It may be used to provide a timeout when reading from any
@@ -13653,12 +13607,6 @@ open input file, pipe, or coprocess.
 @xref{Read Timeout}, for more information.
 @end itemize
 
-This array is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
-
 @cindex @code{RLENGTH} variable
 @item @code{RLENGTH}
 The length of the substring matched by the
@@ -13679,20 +13627,14 @@ if no match was found.
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{RT} variable in
 @cindex @code{RT} variable
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{RT} variable
-@item @code{RT} #
-This is set each time a record is read. It contains the input text
-that matched the text denoted by @code{RS}, the record separator.
-
-This variable is a @command{gawk} extension.
-In other @command{awk} implementations,
-or if @command{gawk} is in compatibility mode
-(@pxref{Options}),
-it is not special.
+@item @code{RT #}
+The input text that matched the text denoted by @code{RS},
+the record separator.  It is set every time a record is read.
 
 @cindex @command{gawk}, @code{SYMTAB} array in
 @cindex @code{SYMTAB} array
 @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{SYMTAB} variable
-@item @code{SYMTAB} #
+@item @code{SYMTAB #}
 An array whose indices are the names of all currently defined
 global variables and arrays in the program.  The array may be used
 for indirect access to read or write the value of a variable:
@@ -13721,6 +13663,7 @@ This works as expected: in this case @code{SYMTAB} acts just like
 a regular array.  The only difference is that you can't then delete
 @code{SYMTAB["xxx"]}.
 
+@cindex Schorr, Andrew
 The @code{SYMTAB} array is more interesting than it looks. Andrew Schorr
 points out that it effectively gives @command{awk} data pointers. Consider his
 example:
@@ -13735,8 +13678,8 @@ function multiply(variable, amount)
 @end example
 
 @quotation NOTE
-In order to avoid severe time-travel paradoxes@footnote{Not to mention difficult
-implementation issues.}, neither @code{FUNCTAB} nor @code{SYMTAB}
+In order to avoid severe time-travel paradoxes,@footnote{Not to mention difficult
+implementation issues.} neither @code{FUNCTAB} nor @code{SYMTAB}
 are available as elements within the @code{SYMTAB} array.
 @end quotation
 @end table
@@ -13918,7 +13861,7 @@ It also describes how @command{awk} simulates multidimensional
 arrays, as well as some of the less obvious points about array usage.
 The @value{CHAPTER} moves on to discuss @command{gawk}'s facility
 for sorting arrays, and ends with a brief description of @command{gawk}'s
-ability to support true multidimensional arrays.
+ability to support true arrays of arrays.
 
 @cindex variables, names of
 @cindex functions, names of
@@ -14002,35 +13945,32 @@ the array is declared.)
 
 A contiguous array of four elements might look like the following example,
 conceptually, if the element values are 8, @code{"foo"},
-@code{""}, and 30:
+@code{""}, and 30
+@ifnotdocbook
+as shown in @ref{figure-array-elements}:
+@end ifnotdocbook
+@ifdocbook
+as shown in @inlineraw{docbook, <xref linkend="figure-array-elements"/>}:
+@end ifdocbook
 
-@c @strong{FIXME: NEXT ED:} Use real images here, and an @float
-@iftex
-@c from Karl Berry, much thanks for the help.
-@tex
-\bigskip % space above the table (about 1 linespace)
-\offinterlineskip
-\newdimen\width \width = 1.5cm
-\newdimen\hwidth \hwidth = 4\width \advance\hwidth by 2pt % 5 * 0.4pt
-\centerline{\vbox{
-\halign{\strut\hfil\ignorespaces#&&\vrule#&\hbox to\width{\hfil#\unskip\hfil}\cr
-\noalign{\hrule width\hwidth}
-	&&{\tt 8} &&{\tt "foo"} &&{\tt ""} &&{\tt 30} &&\quad Value\cr
-\noalign{\hrule width\hwidth}
-\noalign{\smallskip}
-	&\omit&0&\omit &1   &\omit&2 &\omit&3 &\omit&\quad Index\cr
-}
-}}
-@end tex
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@example
-+---------+---------+--------+---------+
-|    8    |  "foo"  |   ""   |    30   |    @r{Value}
-+---------+---------+--------+---------+
-     0         1         2         3        @r{Index}
-@end example
-@end ifnottex
+@ifnotdocbook
+@float Figure,figure-array-elements
+@caption{A Contiguous Array}
+@ifinfo
+@center @image{array-elements, , , Basic Program Stages, txt}
+@end ifinfo
+@ifnotinfo
+@center @image{array-elements, , , Basic Program Stages}
+@end ifnotinfo
+@end float
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<figure id="figure-array-elements">
+<title>A Contiguous Array</title>
+<graphic fileref="array-elements.eps"/>
+</figure>
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 Only the values are stored; the indices are implicit from the order of
@@ -14047,12 +13987,53 @@ Arrays in @command{awk} are different---they are @dfn{associative}.  This means
 that each array is a collection of pairs: an index and its corresponding
 array element value:
 
+@ifnotdocbook
 @example
 @r{Index} 3     @r{Value} 30
 @r{Index} 1     @r{Value} "foo"
 @r{Index} 0     @r{Value} 8
 @r{Index} 2     @r{Value} ""
 @end example
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<informaltable>
+<tgroup cols="2">
+<colspec colname="1" align="center"/>
+<colspec colname="2" align="center"/>
+<thead>
+<row>
+<entry>Index</entry>
+<entry>Value</entry>
+</row>
+</thead>
+
+<tbody>
+<row>
+<entry><literal>3</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>30</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>1</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"foo"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>0</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>8</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>2</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>""</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+</tbody>
+</tgroup>
+</informaltable>
+
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 The pairs are shown in jumbled order because their order is irrelevant.
@@ -14061,6 +14042,7 @@ One advantage of associative arrays is that new pairs can be added
 at any time.  For example, suppose a tenth element is added to the array
 whose value is @w{@code{"number ten"}}.  The result is:
 
+@ifnotdocbook
 @example
 @r{Index} 10    @r{Value} "number ten"
 @r{Index} 3     @r{Value} 30
@@ -14068,6 +14050,51 @@ whose value is @w{@code{"number ten"}}.  The result is:
 @r{Index} 0     @r{Value} 8
 @r{Index} 2     @r{Value} ""
 @end example
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<informaltable>
+<tgroup cols="2">
+<colspec colname="1" align="center"/>
+<colspec colname="2" align="center"/>
+<thead>
+<row>
+<entry>Index</entry>
+<entry>Value</entry>
+</row>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>10</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"number ten"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>3</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>30</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>1</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"foo"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>0</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>8</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>2</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>""</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+</tbody>
+</tgroup>
+</informaltable>
+
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 @cindex sparse arrays
@@ -14080,20 +14107,60 @@ have to be positive integers.  Any number, or even a string, can be
 an index.  For example, the following is an array that translates words from
 English to French:
 
+@ifnotdocbook
 @example
 @r{Index} "dog" @r{Value} "chien"
 @r{Index} "cat" @r{Value} "chat"
 @r{Index} "one" @r{Value} "un"
 @r{Index} 1     @r{Value} "un"
 @end example
+@end ifnotdocbook
+
+@docbook
+<informaltable>
+<tgroup cols="2">
+<colspec colname="1" align="center"/>
+<colspec colname="2" align="center"/>
+<thead>
+<row>
+<entry>Index</entry>
+<entry>Value</entry>
+</row>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<row>
+<entry><literal>"dog"</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"chien"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>"cat"</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"chat"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>"one"</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"un"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+<row>
+<entry><literal>1</literal></entry>
+<entry><literal>"un"</literal></entry>
+</row>
+
+</tbody>
+</tgroup>
+</informaltable>
+
+@end docbook
 
 @noindent
 Here we decided to translate the number one in both spelled-out and
 numeric form---thus illustrating that a single array can have both
 numbers and strings as indices.
-In fact, array subscripts are always strings; this is discussed
+(In fact, array subscripts are always strings; this is discussed
 in more detail in
-@ref{Numeric Array Subscripts}.
+@ref{Numeric Array Subscripts}.)
 Here, the number @code{1} isn't double-quoted, since @command{awk}
 automatically converts it to a string.
 
@@ -14169,14 +14236,14 @@ To determine whether an element exists in an array at a certain index, use
 the following expression:
 
 @example
-@var{ind} in @var{array}
+@var{indx} in @var{array}
 @end example
 
 @cindex side effects, array indexing
 @noindent
-This expression tests whether the particular index @var{ind} exists,
+This expression tests whether the particular index @var{indx} exists,
 without the side effect of creating that element if it is not present.
-The expression has the value one (true) if @code{@var{array}[@var{ind}]}
+The expression has the value one (true) if @code{@var{array}[@var{indx}]}
 exists and zero (false) if it does not exist.
 For example, this statement tests whether the array @code{frequencies}
 contains the index @samp{2}:
@@ -14350,14 +14417,56 @@ for a more detailed example of this type.
 @cindex @code{in} operator, order of array access
 The order in which elements of the array are accessed by this statement
 is determined by the internal arrangement of the array elements within
-@command{awk} and normally cannot be controlled or changed.  This can lead to
-problems if new elements are added to @var{array} by statements in
-the loop body; it is not predictable whether the @code{for} loop will
-reach them.  Similarly, changing @var{var} inside the loop may produce
-strange results.  It is best to avoid such things.
+@command{awk} and in standard @command{awk} cannot be controlled
+or changed.  This can lead to problems if new elements are added to
+@var{array} by statements in the loop body; it is not predictable whether
+the @code{for} loop will reach them.  Similarly, changing @var{var} inside
+the loop may produce strange results.  It is best to avoid such things.
+
+As a point of information, @command{gawk} sets up the list of elements
+to be iterated over before the loop starts, and does not change it.
+But not all @command{awk} versions do so. Consider this program, named
+@file{loopcheck.awk}:
+
+@example
+BEGIN @{
+    a["here"] = "here"
+    a["is"] = "is"
+    a["a"] = "a"
+    a["loop"] = "loop"
+    for (i in a) @{
+        j++
+        a[j] = j
+        print i
+    @}
+@}
+@end example
+
+Here is what happens when run with @command{gawk}:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -f loopcheck.awk}
+@print{} here
+@print{} loop
+@print{} a
+@print{} is
+@end example
+
+Contrast this to Brian Kernighan's @command{awk}:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{nawk -f loopcheck.awk}
+@print{} loop
+@print{} here
+@print{} is
+@print{} a
+@print{} 1
+@end example
 
 @node Controlling Scanning
-@subsection Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders
+@subsection Using Predefined Array Scanning Orders With @command{gawk}
+
+This @value{SUBSECTION} describes a feature that is specific to @command{gawk}.
 
 By default, when a @code{for} loop traverses an array, the order
 is undefined, meaning that the @command{awk} implementation
@@ -14711,7 +14820,7 @@ $ @kbd{echo 'line 1}
 @print{} line 2
 @end example
 
-Unfortunately, the very first line of input data did not come out in the
+Unfortunately, the very first line of input data did not appear in the
 output!
 
 Upon first glance, we would think that this program should have worked.
@@ -14909,7 +15018,7 @@ separate indices is recovered.
 array access and provides true arrays of
 arrays. Elements of a subarray are referred to by their own indices
 enclosed in square brackets, just like the elements of the main array.
-For example, the following creates a two-element subarray at index @samp{1}
+For example, the following creates a two-element subarray at index @code{1}
 of the main array @code{a}:
 
 @example
@@ -14933,7 +15042,7 @@ Each subarray and the main array can be of different length. In fact, the
 elements of an array or its subarray do not all have to have the same
 type. This means that the main array and any of its subarrays can be
 non-rectangular, or jagged in structure. One can assign a scalar value to
-the index @samp{4} of the main array @code{a}:
+the index @code{4} of the main array @code{a}:
 
 @example
 a[4] = "An element in a jagged array"
@@ -14954,7 +15063,7 @@ a[4][5][6][7] = "An element in a four-dimensional array"
 @end example
 
 @noindent
-This removes the scalar value from index @samp{4} and then inserts a
+This removes the scalar value from index @code{4} and then inserts a
 subarray of subarray of subarray containing a scalar. You can also
 delete an entire subarray or subarray of subarrays:
 
@@ -37087,7 +37196,7 @@ of the following, very basic set of steps,
 as shown in @ref{figure-process-flow}:
 @end ifnotdocbook
 @ifdocbook
-as shown in @inlineraw{docbook <xref linkend="figure-process-flow"/>}:
+as shown in @inlineraw{docbook, <xref linkend="figure-process-flow"/>}:
 @end ifdocbook
 
 @ifnotdocbook
@@ -39433,4 +39542,5 @@ which sorta sucks.
 
 TODO:
 -----
-2. Add back in docbook fixes for @r{}.
+3. Check all docbook figures, if they should include with a
+specific extension or not.