Start on gawk manual updating.

4 files changed, 817 insertions, 707 deletions

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 1d4a353f..243ef843 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2014-04-24         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in: Start on revisions.
+
 2014-04-17         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawk.1: Remove the bit about single character programs overflowing
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 8a26992f..589ac015 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
 * One-shot::                            Running a short throwaway
                                         `awk' program.
 * Read Terminal::                       Using no input files (input from
-                                        terminal instead).
+                                        the keyboard instead).
 * Long::                                Putting permanent `awk'
                                         programs in files.
 * Executable Scripts::                  Making self-contained `awk'
@@ -791,6 +791,10 @@ and other `awk' implementations.
 
    * Perform simple network communications
 
+   * Profile and debug `awk' programs.
+
+   * Extend the language with functions written in C or C++.
+
    This Info file teaches you about the `awk' language and how you can
 use it effectively.  You should already be familiar with basic system
 commands, such as `cat' and `ls',(2) as well as basic shell facilities,
@@ -799,13 +803,12 @@ such as input/output (I/O) redirection and pipes.
    Implementations of the `awk' language are available for many
 different computing environments.  This Info file, while describing the
 `awk' language in general, also describes the particular implementation
-of `awk' called `gawk' (which stands for "GNU awk").  `gawk' runs on a
-broad range of Unix systems, ranging from Intel(R)-architecture
-PC-based computers up through large-scale systems, such as Crays.
-`gawk' has also been ported to Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows (all
-versions) and OS/2 PCs, and VMS.  (Some other, obsolete systems to
-which `gawk' was once ported are no longer supported and the code for
-those systems has been removed.)
+of `awk' called `gawk' (which stands for "GNU `awk'").  `gawk' runs on
+a broad range of Unix systems, ranging from Intel(R)-architecture
+PC-based computers up through large-scale systems.  `gawk' has also
+been ported to Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows (all versions), and OpenVMS.
+(Some other, obsolete systems to which `gawk' was once ported are no
+longer supported and the code for those systems has been removed.)
 
 * Menu:
 
@@ -822,7 +825,7 @@ those systems has been removed.)
 
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
-   (1) The 2008 POSIX standard is online at
+   (1) The 2008 POSIX standard is accessable online at
 `http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/'.
 
    (2) These commands are available on POSIX-compliant systems, as well
@@ -892,20 +895,21 @@ The `awk' language has evolved over the years. Full details are
 provided in *note Language History::.  The language described in this
 Info file is often referred to as "new `awk'" (`nawk').
 
-   Because of this, there are systems with multiple versions of `awk'.
-Some systems have an `awk' utility that implements the original version
-of the `awk' language and a `nawk' utility for the new version.  Others
-have an `oawk' version for the "old `awk'" language and plain `awk' for
-the new one.  Still others only have one version, which is usually the
-new one.(1)
-
-   All in all, this makes it difficult for you to know which version of
-`awk' you should run when writing your programs.  The best advice we
-can give here is to check your local documentation. Look for `awk',
-`oawk', and `nawk', as well as for `gawk'.  It is likely that you
-already have some version of new `awk' on your system, which is what
-you should use when running your programs.  (Of course, if you're
-reading this Info file, chances are good that you have `gawk'!)
+   For some time after new `awk' was introduced, there were systems
+with multiple versions of `awk'.  Some systems had an `awk' utility
+that implemented the original version of the `awk' language and a
+`nawk' utility for the new version.  Others had an `oawk' version for
+the "old `awk'" language and plain `awk' for the new one.  Still others
+only had one version, which is usually the new one.
+
+   Today, only Solaris systems still use an old `awk' for the default
+`awk' utility. (A more modern `awk' lives in `/usr/xpg6/bin' on these
+systems.)  All other modern systems use some version of new `awk'.(1)
+
+   It is likely that you already have some version of new `awk' on your
+system, which is what you should use when running your programs.  (Of
+course, if you're reading this Info file, chances are good that you
+have `gawk'!)
 
    Throughout this Info file, whenever we refer to a language feature
 that should be available in any complete implementation of POSIX `awk',
@@ -914,7 +918,7 @@ specific to the GNU implementation, we use the term `gawk'.
 
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
-   (1) Often, these systems use `gawk' for their `awk' implementation!
+   (1) Many of these systems use `gawk' for their `awk' implementation!
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: This Manual,  Next: Conventions,  Prev: Names,  Up: Preface
@@ -1168,11 +1172,10 @@ significant note for this edition was *note Debugger::.
 the major new additions are *note Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic::, and
 *note Dynamic Extensions::.
 
-   `GAWK: Effective AWK Programming' will undoubtedly continue to
-evolve.  An electronic version comes with the `gawk' distribution from
-the FSF.  If you find an error in this Info file, please report it!
-*Note Bugs::, for information on submitting problem reports
-electronically.
+   This Info file will undoubtedly continue to evolve.  An electronic
+version comes with the `gawk' distribution from the FSF.  If you find
+an error in this Info file, please report it!  *Note Bugs::, for
+information on submitting problem reports electronically.
 
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
@@ -1199,14 +1202,17 @@ something more broad, I acquired the `awk.info' domain.
 contributed code: the archive did not grow and the domain went unused
 for several years.
 
-   Fortunately, late in 2008, a volunteer took on the task of setting up
-an `awk'-related web site--`http://awk.info'--and did a very nice job.
+   Late in 2008, a volunteer took on the task of setting up an
+`awk'-related web site--`http://awk.info'--and did a very nice job.
 
    If you have written an interesting `awk' program, or have written a
 `gawk' extension that you would like to share with the rest of the
 world, please see `http://awk.info/?contribute' for how to contribute
 it to the web site.
 
+   As of this writing, this website is in search of a maintainer; please
+contact me if you are interested.
+
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Acknowledgments,  Prev: How To Contribute,  Up: Preface
 
@@ -1297,7 +1303,7 @@ to take advantage of those opportunities.
 Arnold Robbins
 Nof Ayalon
 ISRAEL
-May, 2013
+May, 2014
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Getting Started,  Next: Invoking Gawk,  Prev: Preface,  Up: Top
@@ -1375,7 +1381,7 @@ variations of each.
 
 * One-shot::                    Running a short throwaway `awk'
                                 program.
-* Read Terminal::               Using no input files (input from terminal
+* Read Terminal::               Using no input files (input from the keyboard
                                 instead).
 * Long::                        Putting permanent `awk' programs in
                                 files.
@@ -1425,7 +1431,7 @@ following command line:
      awk 'PROGRAM'
 
 `awk' applies the PROGRAM to the "standard input", which usually means
-whatever you type on the terminal.  This continues until you indicate
+whatever you type on the keyboard.  This continues until you indicate
 end-of-file by typing `Ctrl-d'.  (On other operating systems, the
 end-of-file character may be different.  For example, on OS/2, it is
 `Ctrl-z'.)
@@ -2381,7 +2387,7 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard:
 `--debug=[FILE]'
      Enable debugging of `awk' programs (*note Debugging::).  By
      default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the
-     terminal.  The optional FILE argument allows you to specify a file
+     keyboard.  The optional FILE argument allows you to specify a file
      with a list of commands for the debugger to execute
      non-interactively.  No space is allowed between the `-D' and FILE,
      if FILE is supplied.
@@ -2586,7 +2592,7 @@ having to be included into each individual program.  (As mentioned in
 *note Definition Syntax::, function names must be unique.)
 
    With standard `awk', library functions can still be used, even if
-the program is entered at the terminal, by specifying `-f /dev/tty'.
+the program is entered at the keyboard, by specifying `-f /dev/tty'.
 After typing your program, type `Ctrl-d' (the end-of-file character) to
 terminate it.  (You may also use `-f -' to read program source from the
 standard input but then you will not be able to also use the standard
@@ -5111,7 +5117,7 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Getline,  Next: Read Timeout,  Prev: Multiple Line,  Up:
 =================================
 
 So far we have been getting our input data from `awk''s main input
-stream--either the standard input (usually your terminal, sometimes the
+stream--either the standard input (usually your keyboard, sometimes the
 output from another program) or from the files specified on the command
 line.  The `awk' language has a special built-in command called
 `getline' that can be used to read input under your explicit control.
@@ -5560,8 +5566,8 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Read Timeout,  Next: Command line directories,  Prev: Ge
 4.10 Reading Input With A Timeout
 =================================
 
-You may specify a timeout in milliseconds for reading input from a
-terminal, pipe or two-way communication including, TCP/IP sockets. This
+You may specify a timeout in milliseconds for reading input from the
+keyboard, pipe or two-way communication including, TCP/IP sockets. This
 can be done on a per input, command or connection basis, by setting a
 special element in the `PROCINFO' array:
 
@@ -5579,8 +5585,8 @@ from the server after a certain amount of time:
      else if (ERRNO != "")
          print ERRNO
 
-   Here is how to read interactively from the terminal(1) without
-waiting for more than five seconds:
+   Here is how to read interactively from the user(1) without waiting
+for more than five seconds:
 
      PROCINFO["/dev/stdin", "READ_TIMEOUT"] = 5000
      while ((getline < "/dev/stdin") > 0)
@@ -5591,7 +5597,7 @@ after waiting for the timeout period, return failure and set the
 `ERRNO' variable to an appropriate string value.  A negative or zero
 value for the timeout is the same as specifying no timeout at all.
 
-   A timeout can also be set for reading from the terminal in the
+   A timeout can also be set for reading from the keyboard in the
 implicit loop that reads input records and matches them against
 patterns, like so:
 
@@ -5644,7 +5650,7 @@ writing.
 
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
-   (1) This assumes that standard input is the keyboard
+   (1) This assumes that standard input is the keyboard.
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Command line directories,  Prev: Read Timeout,  Up: Reading Files
@@ -21173,7 +21179,7 @@ need it.
 arbitrary precision arithmetic.  The easiest way to find out is to look
 at the output of the following command:
 
-     $ ./gawk --version
+     $ gawk --version
      -| GNU Awk 4.1.1, API: 1.1 (GNU MPFR 3.1.0-p3, GNU MP 5.0.2)
      -| Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2014 Free Software Foundation.
      ...
@@ -26263,8 +26269,8 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files
      PC Installation::, for details).
 
 `vms/*'
-     Files needed for building `gawk' under VMS (*note VMS
-     Installation::, for details).
+     Files needed for building `gawk' under Vax/VMS and OpenVMS (*note
+     VMS Installation::, for details).
 
 `test/*'
      A test suite for `gawk'.  You can use `make check' from the
@@ -26748,8 +26754,8 @@ translation of `"\r\n"', since it won't.  Caveat Emptor!
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: VMS Installation,  Prev: PC Installation,  Up: Non-Unix Installation
 
-B.3.2 How to Compile and Install `gawk' on VMS
-----------------------------------------------
+B.3.2 How to Compile and Install `gawk' on Vax/VMS and OpenVMS
+--------------------------------------------------------------
 
 This node describes how to compile and install `gawk' under VMS.  The
 older designation "VMS" is used throughout to refer to OpenVMS.
@@ -31677,7 +31683,7 @@ Index
 * git, use of for gawk source code:      Derived Files.       (line   6)
 * GMP:                                   Gawk and MPFR.       (line   6)
 * GNITS mailing list:                    Acknowledgments.     (line  52)
-* GNU awk, See gawk:                     Preface.             (line  49)
+* GNU awk, See gawk:                     Preface.             (line  53)
 * GNU Free Documentation License:        GNU Free Documentation License.
                                                               (line   7)
 * GNU General Public License:            Glossary.            (line 306)
@@ -32023,7 +32029,7 @@ Index
 * namespace issues <1>:                  Library Names.       (line   6)
 * namespace issues:                      Arrays.              (line  18)
 * namespace issues, functions:           Definition Syntax.   (line  20)
-* nawk utility:                          Names.               (line  17)
+* nawk utility:                          Names.               (line  10)
 * negative zero:                         Unexpected Results.  (line  34)
 * NetBSD:                                Glossary.            (line 616)
 * networks, programming:                 TCP/IP Networking.   (line   6)
@@ -32103,7 +32109,7 @@ Index
 * numeric, output format:                OFMT.                (line   6)
 * numeric, strings:                      Variable Typing.     (line   6)
 * o debugger command (alias for option): Debugger Info.       (line  57)
-* oawk utility:                          Names.               (line  17)
+* oawk utility:                          Names.               (line  10)
 * obsolete features:                     Obsolete.            (line   6)
 * octal numbers:                         Nondecimal-numbers.  (line   6)
 * octal values, enabling interpretation of: Options.          (line 207)
@@ -33094,529 +33100,529 @@ Index
 
 Tag Table:
 Node: Top1292
-Node: Foreword40821
-Node: Preface45166
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-148219
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-248315
-Node: History48547
-Node: Names50921
-Ref: Names-Footnote-152398
-Node: This Manual52470
-Ref: This Manual-Footnote-158244
-Node: Conventions58344
-Node: Manual History60500
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163948
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263989
-Node: How To Contribute64063
-Node: Acknowledgments65207
-Node: Getting Started69401
-Node: Running gawk71780
-Node: One-shot72966
-Node: Read Terminal74191
-Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175841
-Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-276117
-Node: Long76288
-Node: Executable Scripts77664
-Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179497
-Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279599
-Node: Comments80146
-Node: Quoting82613
-Node: DOS Quoting87236
-Node: Sample Data Files87911
-Node: Very Simple90426
-Node: Two Rules95077
-Node: More Complex96975
-Ref: More Complex-Footnote-199905
-Node: Statements/Lines99990
-Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1104453
-Node: Other Features104718
-Node: When105646
-Node: Invoking Gawk107793
-Node: Command Line109256
-Node: Options110039
-Ref: Options-Footnote-1125417
-Node: Other Arguments125442
-Node: Naming Standard Input128100
-Node: Environment Variables129194
-Node: AWKPATH Variable129752
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1132533
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2132578
-Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable132838
-Node: Other Environment Variables133556
-Node: Exit Status136519
-Node: Include Files137194
-Node: Loading Shared Libraries140763
-Node: Obsolete142127
-Node: Undocumented142824
-Node: Regexp143066
-Node: Regexp Usage144455
-Node: Escape Sequences146480
-Node: Regexp Operators152149
-Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1159529
-Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2159676
-Node: Bracket Expressions159774
-Ref: table-char-classes161664
-Node: GNU Regexp Operators164187
-Node: Case-sensitivity167910
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1170878
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2171113
-Node: Leftmost Longest171221
-Node: Computed Regexps172422
-Node: Reading Files175759
-Node: Records177761
-Ref: Records-Footnote-1187284
-Node: Fields187321
-Ref: Fields-Footnote-1190277
-Node: Nonconstant Fields190363
-Node: Changing Fields192569
-Node: Field Separators198528
-Node: Default Field Splitting201230
-Node: Regexp Field Splitting202347
-Node: Single Character Fields205689
-Node: Command Line Field Separator206748
-Node: Full Line Fields210090
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210598
-Node: Field Splitting Summary210644
-Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213743
-Node: Constant Size213844
-Node: Splitting By Content218451
-Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1222200
-Node: Multiple Line222240
-Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1228087
-Node: Getline228266
-Node: Plain Getline230482
-Node: Getline/Variable232577
-Node: Getline/File233724
-Node: Getline/Variable/File235065
-Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236664
-Node: Getline/Pipe236751
-Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239450
-Node: Getline/Coprocess240557
-Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241809
-Node: Getline Notes242546
-Node: Getline Summary245333
-Ref: table-getline-variants245741
-Node: Read Timeout246653
-Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1250394
-Node: Command line directories250451
-Node: Printing251081
-Node: Print252712
-Node: Print Examples254049
-Node: Output Separators256833
-Node: OFMT258849
-Node: Printf260207
-Node: Basic Printf261113
-Node: Control Letters262652
-Node: Format Modifiers266464
-Node: Printf Examples272473
-Node: Redirection275185
-Node: Special Files282159
-Node: Special FD282692
-Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1286317
-Node: Special Network286391
-Node: Special Caveats287241
-Node: Close Files And Pipes288037
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1295020
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2295168
-Node: Expressions295318
-Node: Values296450
-Node: Constants297126
-Node: Scalar Constants297806
-Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1298665
-Node: Nondecimal-numbers298847
-Node: Regexp Constants301847
-Node: Using Constant Regexps302322
-Node: Variables305377
-Node: Using Variables306032
-Node: Assignment Options307756
-Node: Conversion309631
-Ref: table-locale-affects315131
-Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315755
-Node: All Operators315864
-Node: Arithmetic Ops316494
-Node: Concatenation318999
-Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321787
-Node: Assignment Ops321907
-Ref: table-assign-ops326895
-Node: Increment Ops328226
-Node: Truth Values and Conditions331660
-Node: Truth Values332743
-Node: Typing and Comparison333792
-Node: Variable Typing334585
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338482
-Node: Comparison Operators338604
-Ref: table-relational-ops339014
-Node: POSIX String Comparison342562
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343518
-Node: Boolean Ops343656
-Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347726
-Node: Conditional Exp347817
-Node: Function Calls349549
-Node: Precedence353143
-Node: Locales356812
-Node: Patterns and Actions357901
-Node: Pattern Overview358955
-Node: Regexp Patterns360624
-Node: Expression Patterns361167
-Node: Ranges364948
-Node: BEGIN/END368052
-Node: Using BEGIN/END368814
-Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1371550
-Node: I/O And BEGIN/END371656
-Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373938
-Node: Empty376852
-Node: Using Shell Variables377169
-Node: Action Overview379454
-Node: Statements381811
-Node: If Statement383665
-Node: While Statement385164
-Node: Do Statement387208
-Node: For Statement388364
-Node: Switch Statement391516
-Node: Break Statement393670
-Node: Continue Statement395660
-Node: Next Statement397453
-Node: Nextfile Statement399843
-Node: Exit Statement402498
-Node: Built-in Variables404914
-Node: User-modified406009
-Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1414367
-Node: Auto-set414429
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1427494
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427699
-Node: ARGC and ARGV427755
-Node: Arrays431609
-Node: Array Basics433114
-Node: Array Intro433940
-Node: Reference to Elements438257
-Node: Assigning Elements440527
-Node: Array Example441018
-Node: Scanning an Array442750
-Node: Controlling Scanning445064
-Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1450151
-Node: Delete450467
-Ref: Delete-Footnote-1453232
-Node: Numeric Array Subscripts453289
-Node: Uninitialized Subscripts455472
-Node: Multidimensional457099
-Node: Multiscanning460192
-Node: Arrays of Arrays461781
-Node: Functions466421
-Node: Built-in467240
-Node: Calling Built-in468318
-Node: Numeric Functions470306
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1474138
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2474495
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3474543
-Node: String Functions474812
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497770
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497899
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3498147
-Node: Gory Details498234
-Ref: table-sub-escapes499913
-Ref: table-sub-posix-92501267
-Ref: table-sub-proposed502618
-Ref: table-posix-sub503972
-Ref: table-gensub-escapes505517
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506693
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506744
-Node: I/O Functions506895
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513885
-Node: Time Functions514032
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1525015
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2525083
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3525241
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4525352
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5525464
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6525691
-Node: Bitwise Functions525957
-Ref: table-bitwise-ops526519
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1530740
-Node: Type Functions530924
-Node: I18N Functions532075
-Node: User-defined533702
-Node: Definition Syntax534506
-Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1539420
-Node: Function Example539489
-Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1542138
-Node: Function Caveats542160
-Node: Calling A Function542678
-Node: Variable Scope543633
-Node: Pass By Value/Reference546596
-Node: Return Statement550104
-Node: Dynamic Typing553085
-Node: Indirect Calls554016
-Node: Library Functions563703
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1567216
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2567359
-Node: Library Names567530
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1571003
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2571223
-Node: General Functions571309
-Node: Strtonum Function572337
-Node: Assert Function575267
-Node: Round Function578593
-Node: Cliff Random Function580134
-Node: Ordinal Functions581150
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1584227
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2584479
-Node: Join Function584690
-Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1586461
-Node: Getlocaltime Function586661
-Node: Readfile Function590402
-Node: Data File Management592241
-Node: Filetrans Function592873
-Node: Rewind Function596942
-Node: File Checking598329
-Node: Empty Files599423
-Node: Ignoring Assigns601653
-Node: Getopt Function603207
-Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1614510
-Node: Passwd Functions614713
-Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1623691
-Node: Group Functions623779
-Node: Walking Arrays631863
-Node: Sample Programs633999
-Node: Running Examples634673
-Node: Clones635401
-Node: Cut Program636625
-Node: Egrep Program646476
-Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1654249
-Node: Id Program654359
-Node: Split Program658008
-Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1661527
-Node: Tee Program661655
-Node: Uniq Program664458
-Node: Wc Program671887
-Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1676153
-Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2676353
-Node: Miscellaneous Programs676445
-Node: Dupword Program677633
-Node: Alarm Program679664
-Node: Translate Program684471
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1688858
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2689106
-Node: Labels Program689240
-Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1692611
-Node: Word Sorting692695
-Node: History Sorting696579
-Node: Extract Program698418
-Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1705921
-Node: Simple Sed706049
-Node: Igawk Program709111
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1724268
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2724469
-Node: Anagram Program724607
-Node: Signature Program727675
-Node: Advanced Features728775
-Node: Nondecimal Data730661
-Node: Array Sorting732244
-Node: Controlling Array Traversal732941
-Node: Array Sorting Functions741225
-Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1745094
-Node: Two-way I/O745288
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1750720
-Node: TCP/IP Networking750802
-Node: Profiling753646
-Node: Internationalization761149
-Node: I18N and L10N762574
-Node: Explaining gettext763260
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1768328
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2768512
-Node: Programmer i18n768677
-Node: Translator i18n772879
-Node: String Extraction773673
-Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1774634
-Node: Printf Ordering774720
-Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1777502
-Node: I18N Portability777566
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+Node: Adding Code1095534
+Node: New Ports1101579
+Node: Derived Files1105714
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11111035
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21111069
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31111669
+Node: Future Extensions1111767
+Node: Implementation Limitations1112350
+Node: Extension Design1113602
+Node: Old Extension Problems1114756
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11116264
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1116321
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11119686
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1119872
+Node: Extension Future Growth1121978
+Node: Old Extension Mechanism1122814
+Node: Basic Concepts1124554
+Node: Basic High Level1125235
+Ref: figure-general-flow1125507
+Ref: figure-process-flow1126106
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11129335
+Node: Basic Data Typing1129520
+Node: Glossary1132875
+Node: Copying1158106
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1195662
+Node: Index1220798
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index ad2e6558..ca74e8ba 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -303,15 +303,15 @@ ISBN 1-882114-28-0 @*
 @page
 @w{ }
 @sp 9
-@center @i{To Miriam, for making me complete.}
+@center @i{To my parents, for their love, and for the wonderful
+example they set for me.}
 @sp 1
-@center @i{To Chana, for the joy you bring us.}
+@center @i{To my wife Miriam, for making me complete.
+Thank you for building your life together with me.}
 @sp 1
-@center @i{To Rivka, for the exponential increase.}
+@center @i{To our children Chana, Rivka, Nachum and Malka,
+for enrichening our lives in innumerable ways.}
 @sp 1
-@center @i{To Nachum, for the added dimension.}
-@sp 1
-@center @i{To Malka, for the new beginning.}
 @w{ }
 @page
 @w{ }
@@ -321,13 +321,12 @@ ISBN 1-882114-28-0 @*
 
 @docbook
 <dedication>
-<simplelist>
-<member>To Miriam, for making me complete.</member>
-<member>To Chana, for the joy you bring us.</member>
-<member>To Rivka, for the exponential increase.</member>
-<member>To Nachum, for the added dimension.</member>
-<member>To Malka, for the new beginning.</member>
-</simplelist>
+<para>To my parents, for their love, and for the wonderful
+example they set for me.</para>
+<para>To my wife Miriam, for making me complete.
+Thank you for building your life together with me.</para>
+<para>To our children Chana, Rivka, Nachum and Malka,
+for enrichening our lives in innumerable ways.</para>
 </dedication>
 @end docbook
 
@@ -420,7 +419,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
 * One-shot::                            Running a short throwaway
                                         @command{awk} program.
 * Read Terminal::                       Using no input files (input from
-                                        terminal instead).
+                                        the keyboard instead).
 * Long::                                Putting permanent @command{awk}
                                         programs in files.
 * Executable Scripts::                  Making self-contained @command{awk}
@@ -1119,7 +1118,7 @@ The GNU implementation of @command{awk} is called @command{gawk}; if you
 invoke it with the proper options or environment variables
 (@pxref{Options}), it is fully
 compatible with
-the POSIX@footnote{The 2008 POSIX standard is online at
+the POSIX@footnote{The 2008 POSIX standard is accessable online at
 @url{http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/}.}
 specification of the @command{awk} language
 and with the Unix version of @command{awk} maintained
@@ -1171,6 +1170,12 @@ Sort data
 
 @item
 Perform simple network communications
+
+@item
+Profile and debug @command{awk} programs.
+
+@item
+Extend the language with functions written in C or C++.
 @end itemize
 
 This @value{DOCUMENT} teaches you about the @command{awk} language and
@@ -1186,12 +1191,18 @@ Implementations of the @command{awk} language are available for many
 different computing environments.  This @value{DOCUMENT}, while describing
 the @command{awk} language in general, also describes the particular
 implementation of @command{awk} called @command{gawk} (which stands for
-``GNU awk'').  @command{gawk} runs on a broad range of Unix systems,
+``GNU @command{awk}'').  @command{gawk} runs on a broad range of Unix systems,
 ranging from Intel@registeredsymbol{}-architecture PC-based computers
-up through large-scale systems,
-such as Crays. @command{gawk} has also been ported to Mac OS X,
-Microsoft Windows (all versions) and OS/2 PCs,
-and VMS.
+up through large-scale systems.
+@command{gawk} has also been ported to Mac OS X,
+Microsoft Windows
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+(all versions) and OS/2 PCs,
+@end ifset
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
+(all versions),
+@end ifclear
+and OpenVMS.
 (Some other, obsolete systems to which @command{gawk} was once ported
 are no longer supported and the code for those systems
 has been removed.)
@@ -1312,26 +1323,26 @@ The language described in this @value{DOCUMENT}
 is often referred to as ``new @command{awk}'' (@command{nawk}).
 
 @cindex @command{awk}, versions of
-Because of this, there are systems with multiple
-versions of @command{awk}.
-Some systems have an @command{awk} utility that implements the
-original version of the @command{awk} language and a @command{nawk} utility
-for the new version.
-Others have an @command{oawk} version for the ``old @command{awk}''
-language and plain @command{awk} for the new one.  Still others only
-have one version, which is usually the new one.@footnote{Often, these systems
-use @command{gawk} for their @command{awk} implementation!}
-
 @cindex @command{nawk} utility
 @cindex @command{oawk} utility
-All in all, this makes it difficult for you to know which version of
-@command{awk} you should run when writing your programs.  The best advice
-we can give here is to check your local documentation. Look for @command{awk},
-@command{oawk}, and @command{nawk}, as well as for @command{gawk}.
-It is likely that you already
-have some version of new @command{awk} on your system, which is what
-you should use when running your programs.  (Of course, if you're reading
-this @value{DOCUMENT}, chances are good that you have @command{gawk}!)
+For some time after new @command{awk} was introduced, there were
+systems with multiple versions of @command{awk}.  Some systems had
+an @command{awk} utility that implemented the original version of the
+@command{awk} language and a @command{nawk} utility for the new version.
+Others had an @command{oawk} version for the ``old @command{awk}''
+language and plain @command{awk} for the new one.  Still others only
+had one version, which is usually the new one.
+
+Today, only Solaris systems still use an old @command{awk} for the
+default @command{awk} utility. (A more modern @command{awk} lives in
+@file{/usr/xpg6/bin} on these systems.)  All other modern systems use
+some version of new @command{awk}.@footnote{Many of these systems use
+@command{gawk} for their @command{awk} implementation!}
+
+It is likely that you already have some version of new @command{awk} on
+your system, which is what you should use when running your programs.
+(Of course, if you're reading this @value{DOCUMENT}, chances are good
+that you have @command{gawk}!)
 
 Throughout this @value{DOCUMENT}, whenever we refer to a language feature
 that should be available in any complete implementation of POSIX @command{awk},
@@ -1493,6 +1504,32 @@ non-POSIX systems.  It also describes how to report bugs
 in @command{gawk} and where to get other freely
 available @command{awk} implementations.
 
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+To save space, we have omitted some of the appendices from this
+printed edition. You may find them online, as follows:
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Notes.html}
+describes how to disable @command{gawk}'s extensions, as
+well as how to contribute new code to @command{gawk},
+and some possible future directions for @command{gawk} development.
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Basic-Concepts.html}
+provides some very cursory background material for those who
+are completely unfamiliar with computer programming.
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Glossary.html,
+The Glossary}
+defines most, if not all, the significant terms used
+throughout the book.  If you find terms that you aren't familiar with,
+try looking them up here.
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Copying.html} and
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html}
+present the licenses that cover the @command{gawk} source code
+and this @value{DOCUMENT}, respectively.
+@end ifset
+
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
 @ref{Notes},
 describes how to disable @command{gawk}'s extensions, as
 well as how to contribute new code to @command{gawk},
@@ -1510,6 +1547,7 @@ try looking them up here.
 @ref{GNU Free Documentation License},
 present the licenses that cover the @command{gawk} source code
 and this @value{DOCUMENT}, respectively.
+@end ifclear
 
 @node Conventions
 @unnumberedsec Typographical Conventions
@@ -1585,9 +1623,8 @@ the picture of a flashlight in the margin, as shown here.
 @end ifnottex
 They also appear in the index under the heading ``dark corner.''
 
-As noted by the opening quote, though, any
-coverage of dark corners
-is, by definition, incomplete.
+As noted by the opening quote, though, any coverage of dark corners is,
+by definition, incomplete.
 
 Extensions to the standard @command{awk} language that are supported by
 more than one @command{awk} implementation are marked
@@ -1727,6 +1764,11 @@ the FSF published several preliminary versions (numbered 0.@var{x}).
 In 1996, Edition 1.0 was released with @command{gawk} 3.0.0.
 The FSF published the first two editions under
 the title @cite{The GNU Awk User's Guide}.
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+SSC published two editions of the @value{DOCUMENT} under the
+title @cite{Effective awk Programming}, and in O'Reilly published
+the edition in 2001.
+@end ifset
 
 This edition maintains the basic structure of the previous editions.
 For Edition 4.0, the content has been thoroughly reviewed
@@ -1738,13 +1780,12 @@ For edition @value{EDITION}, the content has been reorganized into parts,
 and the major new additions are @ref{Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic},
 and @ref{Dynamic Extensions}.
 
-@cite{@value{TITLE}} will undoubtedly continue to evolve.
-An electronic version
-comes with the @command{gawk} distribution from the FSF.
-If you find an error in this @value{DOCUMENT}, please report it!
-@xref{Bugs}, for information on submitting
-problem reports electronically.
+This @value{DOCUMENT} will undoubtedly continue to evolve.  An electronic
+version comes with the @command{gawk} distribution from the FSF.  If you
+find an error in this @value{DOCUMENT}, please report it!  @xref{Bugs},
+for information on submitting problem reports electronically.
 
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
 @node How To Contribute
 @unnumberedsec How to Contribute
 
@@ -1761,7 +1802,7 @@ However, I found that I could not dedicate enough time to managing
 contributed code: the archive did not grow and the domain went unused
 for several years.
 
-Fortunately, late in 2008, a volunteer took on the task of setting up
+Late in 2008, a volunteer took on the task of setting up
 an @command{awk}-related web site---@uref{http://awk.info}---and did a very
 nice job.
 
@@ -1770,11 +1811,15 @@ a @command{gawk} extension that you would like to share with the rest
 of the world, please see @uref{http://awk.info/?contribute} for how to
 contribute it to the web site.
 
+As of this writing, this website is in search of a maintainer; please
+contact me if you are interested.
+
 @ignore
 Other links:
 
 http://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/dtect/composing_music_in_awk/
 @end ignore
+@end ifclear
 
 @node Acknowledgments
 @unnumberedsec Acknowledgments
@@ -1936,7 +1981,7 @@ take advantage of those opportunities.
 Arnold Robbins @*
 Nof Ayalon @*
 ISRAEL @*
-May, 2013
+May, 2014
 
 @iftex
 @part Part I:@* The @command{awk} Language
@@ -1944,11 +1989,11 @@ May, 2013
 
 @ignore
 @ifdocbook
-@part Part I:@* The @command{awk} Language
-
-Part I describes the @command{awk} language and @command{gawk} program in detail.
-It starts with the basics, and continues through all of the features of @command{awk}
-and @command{gawk}.  It contains the following chapters:
+Part I describes the @command{awk} language and @command{gawk} program
+in detail.  It starts with the basics, and continues through all of
+the features of @command{awk}. Included also are many, but not all,
+of the features of @command{gawk}.  This part contains the
+following chapters:
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item
@@ -2071,7 +2116,7 @@ variations of each.
 @menu
 * One-shot::                    Running a short throwaway @command{awk}
                                 program.
-* Read Terminal::               Using no input files (input from terminal
+* Read Terminal::               Using no input files (input from the keyboard
                                 instead).
 * Long::                        Putting permanent @command{awk} programs in
                                 files.
@@ -2135,10 +2180,15 @@ awk '@var{program}'
 
 @noindent
 @command{awk} applies the @var{program} to the @dfn{standard input},
-which usually means whatever you type on the terminal.  This continues
+which usually means whatever you type on the keyboard.  This continues
 until you indicate end-of-file by typing @kbd{Ctrl-d}.
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+(On other operating systems, the end-of-file character may be different.)
+@end ifset
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
 (On other operating systems, the end-of-file character may be different.
 For example, on OS/2, it is @kbd{Ctrl-z}.)
+@end ifclear
 
 @cindex files, input, See input files
 @cindex input files, running @command{awk} without
@@ -3444,7 +3494,7 @@ names like @code{i}, @code{j}, etc.)
 @cindex @command{awk} debugging, enabling
 Enable debugging of @command{awk} programs
 (@pxref{Debugging}).
-By default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the terminal.
+By default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the keyboard.
 The optional @var{file} argument allows you to specify a file with a list
 of commands for the debugger to execute non-interactively.
 No space is allowed between the @option{-D} and @var{file}, if
@@ -3751,7 +3801,7 @@ of having to be included into each individual program.
 function names must be unique.)
 
 With standard @command{awk}, library functions can still be used, even
-if the program is entered at the terminal,
+if the program is entered at the keyboard,
 by specifying @samp{-f /dev/tty}.  After typing your program,
 type @kbd{Ctrl-d} (the end-of-file character) to terminate it.
 (You may also use @samp{-f -} to read program source from the standard
@@ -7455,7 +7505,7 @@ then @command{gawk} sets @code{RT} to the null string.
 @c STARTOFRANGE inex
 @cindex input, explicit
 So far we have been getting our input data from @command{awk}'s main
-input stream---either the standard input (usually your terminal, sometimes
+input stream---either the standard input (usually your keyboard, sometimes
 the output from another program) or from the
 files specified on the command line.  The @command{awk} language has a
 special built-in command called @code{getline} that
@@ -8017,7 +8067,7 @@ Note: for each variant, @command{gawk} sets the @code{RT} built-in variable.
 @section Reading Input With A Timeout
 @cindex timeout, reading input
 
-You may specify a timeout in milliseconds for reading input from a terminal,
+You may specify a timeout in milliseconds for reading input from the keyboard,
 pipe or two-way communication including, TCP/IP sockets. This can be done
 on a per input, command or connection basis, by setting a special element
 in the @code{PROCINFO} array:
@@ -8040,8 +8090,8 @@ else if (ERRNO != "")
     print ERRNO
 @end example
 
-Here is how to read interactively from the terminal@footnote{This assumes
-that standard input is the keyboard} without waiting
+Here is how to read interactively from the user@footnote{This assumes
+that standard input is the keyboard.} without waiting
 for more than five seconds:
 
 @example
@@ -8056,7 +8106,7 @@ and set the @code{ERRNO} variable to an appropriate string value.
 A negative or zero value for the timeout is the same as specifying
 no timeout at all.
 
-A timeout can also be set for reading from the terminal in the implicit
+A timeout can also be set for reading from the keyboard in the implicit
 loop that reads input records and matches them against patterns,
 like so:
 
@@ -29251,7 +29301,7 @@ The easiest way to find out is to look at the output of
 the following command:
 
 @example
-$ @kbd{./gawk --version}
+$ @kbd{gawk --version}
 @print{} GNU Awk 4.1.1, API: 1.1 (GNU MPFR 3.1.0-p3, GNU MP 5.0.2)
 @print{} Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2014 Free Software Foundation.
 @dots{}
@@ -35540,7 +35590,7 @@ Files needed for building @command{gawk} under MS-Windows and OS/2
 (@pxref{PC Installation}, for details).
 
 @item vms/*
-Files needed for building @command{gawk} under VMS
+Files needed for building @command{gawk} under Vax/VMS and OpenVMS
 (@pxref{VMS Installation}, for details).
 
 @item test/*
@@ -36122,7 +36172,7 @@ been ported to MS-Windows that expect @command{gawk} to do automatic
 translation of @code{"\r\n"}, since it won't.  Caveat Emptor!
 
 @node VMS Installation
-@appendixsubsec How to Compile and Install @command{gawk} on VMS
+@appendixsubsec How to Compile and Install @command{gawk} on Vax/VMS and OpenVMS
 
 @c based on material from Pat Rankin <rankin@eql.caltech.edu>
 @c now rankin@pactechdata.com
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 80d4e743..040731ce 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -298,15 +298,15 @@ ISBN 1-882114-28-0 @*
 @page
 @w{ }
 @sp 9
-@center @i{To Miriam, for making me complete.}
+@center @i{To my parents, for their love, and for the wonderful
+example they set for me.}
 @sp 1
-@center @i{To Chana, for the joy you bring us.}
+@center @i{To my wife Miriam, for making me complete.
+Thank you for building your life together with me.}
 @sp 1
-@center @i{To Rivka, for the exponential increase.}
+@center @i{To our children Chana, Rivka, Nachum and Malka,
+for enrichening our lives in innumerable ways.}
 @sp 1
-@center @i{To Nachum, for the added dimension.}
-@sp 1
-@center @i{To Malka, for the new beginning.}
 @w{ }
 @page
 @w{ }
@@ -316,13 +316,12 @@ ISBN 1-882114-28-0 @*
 
 @docbook
 <dedication>
-<simplelist>
-<member>To Miriam, for making me complete.</member>
-<member>To Chana, for the joy you bring us.</member>
-<member>To Rivka, for the exponential increase.</member>
-<member>To Nachum, for the added dimension.</member>
-<member>To Malka, for the new beginning.</member>
-</simplelist>
+<para>To my parents, for their love, and for the wonderful
+example they set for me.</para>
+<para>To my wife Miriam, for making me complete.
+Thank you for building your life together with me.</para>
+<para>To our children Chana, Rivka, Nachum and Malka,
+for enrichening our lives in innumerable ways.</para>
 </dedication>
 @end docbook
 
@@ -415,7 +414,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
 * One-shot::                            Running a short throwaway
                                         @command{awk} program.
 * Read Terminal::                       Using no input files (input from
-                                        terminal instead).
+                                        the keyboard instead).
 * Long::                                Putting permanent @command{awk}
                                         programs in files.
 * Executable Scripts::                  Making self-contained @command{awk}
@@ -1114,7 +1113,7 @@ The GNU implementation of @command{awk} is called @command{gawk}; if you
 invoke it with the proper options or environment variables
 (@pxref{Options}), it is fully
 compatible with
-the POSIX@footnote{The 2008 POSIX standard is online at
+the POSIX@footnote{The 2008 POSIX standard is accessable online at
 @url{http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/}.}
 specification of the @command{awk} language
 and with the Unix version of @command{awk} maintained
@@ -1166,6 +1165,12 @@ Sort data
 
 @item
 Perform simple network communications
+
+@item
+Profile and debug @command{awk} programs.
+
+@item
+Extend the language with functions written in C or C++.
 @end itemize
 
 This @value{DOCUMENT} teaches you about the @command{awk} language and
@@ -1181,12 +1186,18 @@ Implementations of the @command{awk} language are available for many
 different computing environments.  This @value{DOCUMENT}, while describing
 the @command{awk} language in general, also describes the particular
 implementation of @command{awk} called @command{gawk} (which stands for
-``GNU awk'').  @command{gawk} runs on a broad range of Unix systems,
+``GNU @command{awk}'').  @command{gawk} runs on a broad range of Unix systems,
 ranging from Intel@registeredsymbol{}-architecture PC-based computers
-up through large-scale systems,
-such as Crays. @command{gawk} has also been ported to Mac OS X,
-Microsoft Windows (all versions) and OS/2 PCs,
-and VMS.
+up through large-scale systems.
+@command{gawk} has also been ported to Mac OS X,
+Microsoft Windows
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+(all versions) and OS/2 PCs,
+@end ifset
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
+(all versions),
+@end ifclear
+and OpenVMS.
 (Some other, obsolete systems to which @command{gawk} was once ported
 are no longer supported and the code for those systems
 has been removed.)
@@ -1279,26 +1290,26 @@ The language described in this @value{DOCUMENT}
 is often referred to as ``new @command{awk}'' (@command{nawk}).
 
 @cindex @command{awk}, versions of
-Because of this, there are systems with multiple
-versions of @command{awk}.
-Some systems have an @command{awk} utility that implements the
-original version of the @command{awk} language and a @command{nawk} utility
-for the new version.
-Others have an @command{oawk} version for the ``old @command{awk}''
-language and plain @command{awk} for the new one.  Still others only
-have one version, which is usually the new one.@footnote{Often, these systems
-use @command{gawk} for their @command{awk} implementation!}
-
 @cindex @command{nawk} utility
 @cindex @command{oawk} utility
-All in all, this makes it difficult for you to know which version of
-@command{awk} you should run when writing your programs.  The best advice
-we can give here is to check your local documentation. Look for @command{awk},
-@command{oawk}, and @command{nawk}, as well as for @command{gawk}.
-It is likely that you already
-have some version of new @command{awk} on your system, which is what
-you should use when running your programs.  (Of course, if you're reading
-this @value{DOCUMENT}, chances are good that you have @command{gawk}!)
+For some time after new @command{awk} was introduced, there were
+systems with multiple versions of @command{awk}.  Some systems had
+an @command{awk} utility that implemented the original version of the
+@command{awk} language and a @command{nawk} utility for the new version.
+Others had an @command{oawk} version for the ``old @command{awk}''
+language and plain @command{awk} for the new one.  Still others only
+had one version, which is usually the new one.
+
+Today, only Solaris systems still use an old @command{awk} for the
+default @command{awk} utility. (A more modern @command{awk} lives in
+@file{/usr/xpg6/bin} on these systems.)  All other modern systems use
+some version of new @command{awk}.@footnote{Many of these systems use
+@command{gawk} for their @command{awk} implementation!}
+
+It is likely that you already have some version of new @command{awk} on
+your system, which is what you should use when running your programs.
+(Of course, if you're reading this @value{DOCUMENT}, chances are good
+that you have @command{gawk}!)
 
 Throughout this @value{DOCUMENT}, whenever we refer to a language feature
 that should be available in any complete implementation of POSIX @command{awk},
@@ -1460,6 +1471,32 @@ non-POSIX systems.  It also describes how to report bugs
 in @command{gawk} and where to get other freely
 available @command{awk} implementations.
 
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+To save space, we have omitted some of the appendices from this
+printed edition. You may find them online, as follows:
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Notes.html}
+describes how to disable @command{gawk}'s extensions, as
+well as how to contribute new code to @command{gawk},
+and some possible future directions for @command{gawk} development.
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Basic-Concepts.html}
+provides some very cursory background material for those who
+are completely unfamiliar with computer programming.
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Glossary.html,
+The Glossary}
+defines most, if not all, the significant terms used
+throughout the book.  If you find terms that you aren't familiar with,
+try looking them up here.
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Copying.html} and
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html}
+present the licenses that cover the @command{gawk} source code
+and this @value{DOCUMENT}, respectively.
+@end ifset
+
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
 @ref{Notes},
 describes how to disable @command{gawk}'s extensions, as
 well as how to contribute new code to @command{gawk},
@@ -1477,6 +1514,7 @@ try looking them up here.
 @ref{GNU Free Documentation License},
 present the licenses that cover the @command{gawk} source code
 and this @value{DOCUMENT}, respectively.
+@end ifclear
 
 @node Conventions
 @unnumberedsec Typographical Conventions
@@ -1552,9 +1590,8 @@ the picture of a flashlight in the margin, as shown here.
 @end ifnottex
 They also appear in the index under the heading ``dark corner.''
 
-As noted by the opening quote, though, any
-coverage of dark corners
-is, by definition, incomplete.
+As noted by the opening quote, though, any coverage of dark corners is,
+by definition, incomplete.
 
 Extensions to the standard @command{awk} language that are supported by
 more than one @command{awk} implementation are marked
@@ -1694,6 +1731,11 @@ the FSF published several preliminary versions (numbered 0.@var{x}).
 In 1996, Edition 1.0 was released with @command{gawk} 3.0.0.
 The FSF published the first two editions under
 the title @cite{The GNU Awk User's Guide}.
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+SSC published two editions of the @value{DOCUMENT} under the
+title @cite{Effective awk Programming}, and in O'Reilly published
+the edition in 2001.
+@end ifset
 
 This edition maintains the basic structure of the previous editions.
 For Edition 4.0, the content has been thoroughly reviewed
@@ -1705,13 +1747,12 @@ For edition @value{EDITION}, the content has been reorganized into parts,
 and the major new additions are @ref{Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic},
 and @ref{Dynamic Extensions}.
 
-@cite{@value{TITLE}} will undoubtedly continue to evolve.
-An electronic version
-comes with the @command{gawk} distribution from the FSF.
-If you find an error in this @value{DOCUMENT}, please report it!
-@xref{Bugs}, for information on submitting
-problem reports electronically.
+This @value{DOCUMENT} will undoubtedly continue to evolve.  An electronic
+version comes with the @command{gawk} distribution from the FSF.  If you
+find an error in this @value{DOCUMENT}, please report it!  @xref{Bugs},
+for information on submitting problem reports electronically.
 
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
 @node How To Contribute
 @unnumberedsec How to Contribute
 
@@ -1728,7 +1769,7 @@ However, I found that I could not dedicate enough time to managing
 contributed code: the archive did not grow and the domain went unused
 for several years.
 
-Fortunately, late in 2008, a volunteer took on the task of setting up
+Late in 2008, a volunteer took on the task of setting up
 an @command{awk}-related web site---@uref{http://awk.info}---and did a very
 nice job.
 
@@ -1737,11 +1778,15 @@ a @command{gawk} extension that you would like to share with the rest
 of the world, please see @uref{http://awk.info/?contribute} for how to
 contribute it to the web site.
 
+As of this writing, this website is in search of a maintainer; please
+contact me if you are interested.
+
 @ignore
 Other links:
 
 http://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/dtect/composing_music_in_awk/
 @end ignore
+@end ifclear
 
 @node Acknowledgments
 @unnumberedsec Acknowledgments
@@ -1903,7 +1948,7 @@ take advantage of those opportunities.
 Arnold Robbins @*
 Nof Ayalon @*
 ISRAEL @*
-May, 2013
+May, 2014
 
 @iftex
 @part Part I:@* The @command{awk} Language
@@ -1911,11 +1956,11 @@ May, 2013
 
 @ignore
 @ifdocbook
-@part Part I:@* The @command{awk} Language
-
-Part I describes the @command{awk} language and @command{gawk} program in detail.
-It starts with the basics, and continues through all of the features of @command{awk}
-and @command{gawk}.  It contains the following chapters:
+Part I describes the @command{awk} language and @command{gawk} program
+in detail.  It starts with the basics, and continues through all of
+the features of @command{awk}. Included also are many, but not all,
+of the features of @command{gawk}.  This part contains the
+following chapters:
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item
@@ -2038,7 +2083,7 @@ variations of each.
 @menu
 * One-shot::                    Running a short throwaway @command{awk}
                                 program.
-* Read Terminal::               Using no input files (input from terminal
+* Read Terminal::               Using no input files (input from the keyboard
                                 instead).
 * Long::                        Putting permanent @command{awk} programs in
                                 files.
@@ -2102,10 +2147,15 @@ awk '@var{program}'
 
 @noindent
 @command{awk} applies the @var{program} to the @dfn{standard input},
-which usually means whatever you type on the terminal.  This continues
+which usually means whatever you type on the keyboard.  This continues
 until you indicate end-of-file by typing @kbd{Ctrl-d}.
+@ifset FOR_PRINT
+(On other operating systems, the end-of-file character may be different.)
+@end ifset
+@ifclear FOR_PRINT
 (On other operating systems, the end-of-file character may be different.
 For example, on OS/2, it is @kbd{Ctrl-z}.)
+@end ifclear
 
 @cindex files, input, See input files
 @cindex input files, running @command{awk} without
@@ -3372,7 +3422,7 @@ names like @code{i}, @code{j}, etc.)
 @cindex @command{awk} debugging, enabling
 Enable debugging of @command{awk} programs
 (@pxref{Debugging}).
-By default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the terminal.
+By default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the keyboard.
 The optional @var{file} argument allows you to specify a file with a list
 of commands for the debugger to execute non-interactively.
 No space is allowed between the @option{-D} and @var{file}, if
@@ -3679,7 +3729,7 @@ of having to be included into each individual program.
 function names must be unique.)
 
 With standard @command{awk}, library functions can still be used, even
-if the program is entered at the terminal,
+if the program is entered at the keyboard,
 by specifying @samp{-f /dev/tty}.  After typing your program,
 type @kbd{Ctrl-d} (the end-of-file character) to terminate it.
 (You may also use @samp{-f -} to read program source from the standard
@@ -7073,7 +7123,7 @@ then @command{gawk} sets @code{RT} to the null string.
 @c STARTOFRANGE inex
 @cindex input, explicit
 So far we have been getting our input data from @command{awk}'s main
-input stream---either the standard input (usually your terminal, sometimes
+input stream---either the standard input (usually your keyboard, sometimes
 the output from another program) or from the
 files specified on the command line.  The @command{awk} language has a
 special built-in command called @code{getline} that
@@ -7635,7 +7685,7 @@ Note: for each variant, @command{gawk} sets the @code{RT} built-in variable.
 @section Reading Input With A Timeout
 @cindex timeout, reading input
 
-You may specify a timeout in milliseconds for reading input from a terminal,
+You may specify a timeout in milliseconds for reading input from the keyboard,
 pipe or two-way communication including, TCP/IP sockets. This can be done
 on a per input, command or connection basis, by setting a special element
 in the @code{PROCINFO} array:
@@ -7658,8 +7708,8 @@ else if (ERRNO != "")
     print ERRNO
 @end example
 
-Here is how to read interactively from the terminal@footnote{This assumes
-that standard input is the keyboard} without waiting
+Here is how to read interactively from the user@footnote{This assumes
+that standard input is the keyboard.} without waiting
 for more than five seconds:
 
 @example
@@ -7674,7 +7724,7 @@ and set the @code{ERRNO} variable to an appropriate string value.
 A negative or zero value for the timeout is the same as specifying
 no timeout at all.
 
-A timeout can also be set for reading from the terminal in the implicit
+A timeout can also be set for reading from the keyboard in the implicit
 loop that reads input records and matches them against patterns,
 like so:
 
@@ -28392,7 +28442,7 @@ The easiest way to find out is to look at the output of
 the following command:
 
 @example
-$ @kbd{./gawk --version}
+$ @kbd{gawk --version}
 @print{} GNU Awk 4.1.1, API: 1.1 (GNU MPFR 3.1.0-p3, GNU MP 5.0.2)
 @print{} Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2014 Free Software Foundation.
 @dots{}
@@ -34681,7 +34731,7 @@ Files needed for building @command{gawk} under MS-Windows and OS/2
 (@pxref{PC Installation}, for details).
 
 @item vms/*
-Files needed for building @command{gawk} under VMS
+Files needed for building @command{gawk} under Vax/VMS and OpenVMS
 (@pxref{VMS Installation}, for details).
 
 @item test/*
@@ -35263,7 +35313,7 @@ been ported to MS-Windows that expect @command{gawk} to do automatic
 translation of @code{"\r\n"}, since it won't.  Caveat Emptor!
 
 @node VMS Installation
-@appendixsubsec How to Compile and Install @command{gawk} on VMS
+@appendixsubsec How to Compile and Install @command{gawk} on Vax/VMS and OpenVMS
 
 @c based on material from Pat Rankin <rankin@eql.caltech.edu>
 @c now rankin@pactechdata.com