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diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi index 59e1f2fd..70207459 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.texi +++ b/doc/gawk.texi @@ -1,14 +1,18 @@ \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @ignore TODO: - Globally add () after awk function names. Go through CAUTION, NOTE, @strong, @quotation, etc. Document common extensions with COMMONEXT marking & index entry. Pick a reasonable name for BWK awk and use it everywhere (search for Bell Laboratories) Review use of "Modern xxx systems..." + Fix refs to other info docs to use @inforef. DONE: Globally add () after built in function names. + Globally add () after awk function names. + Check use of 3.2 vs. 4.0 everywhere. + DOS vs MS-DOS + MS-Windows vs MS Windows @end ignore @c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename gawk.info @@ -662,13 +666,6 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them. * VMS Running:: How to run @command{gawk} under VMS. * VMS POSIX:: Alternate instructions for VMS POSIX. * VMS Old Gawk:: An old version comes with some VMS systems. -* Unsupported:: Systems whose ports are no longer - supported. -* Atari Installation:: Installing @command{gawk} on the Atari ST. -* Atari Compiling:: Compiling @command{gawk} on Atari. -* Atari Using:: Running @command{gawk} on Atari. -* BeOS Installation:: Installing @command{gawk} on BeOS. -* Tandem Installation:: Installing @command{gawk} on a Tandem. * Bugs:: Reporting Problems and Bugs. * Other Versions:: Other freely available @command{awk} implementations. @@ -2233,7 +2230,7 @@ program, it is probably best to move it into a separate file, where the shell won't be part of the picture, and you can say what you mean. @node DOS Quoting -@subsubsection Quoting in Windows Batch Files +@subsubsection Quoting in MS-Windows Batch Files @ignore Date: Wed, 21 May 2008 09:58:43 +0200 (CEST) @@ -2280,7 +2277,7 @@ gawk "@{ print \"\042\" $0 \"\042\" @}" @var{file} @node Sample Data Files @section @value{DDF}s for the Examples -@c For gawk >= 3.2, update these data files. No-one has such slow modems! +@c For gawk >= 4.0, update these data files. No-one has such slow modems! @cindex input files, examples @cindex @code{BBS-list} file @@ -25733,7 +25730,7 @@ The conditional expression using the ternary operator @samp{?:} (@pxref{Conditional Exp}). @item -The expression @samp{@var{index-variable} in @var{array}} outside of @samp{for} +The expression @samp{@var{index-variable} in @var{array}} outside of @code{for} statements (@pxref{Reference to Elements}). @item @@ -25858,6 +25855,10 @@ The concept of a numeric string and tighter comparison rules to go with it (@pxref{Typing and Comparison}). @item +The use of built-in variables as function names is forbidden +(@pxref{Definition Syntax}. + +@item More complete documentation of many of the previously undocumented features of the language. @end itemize @@ -25902,6 +25903,24 @@ data (@pxref{Locales}). @item The @code{fflush()} built-in function is not supported (@pxref{I/O Functions}). + +@item +The ability for @code{FS} and for the third +argument to @code{split()} to be null strings +(@pxref{Single Character Fields}). + +@item +The @code{nextfile} statement +(@pxref{Nextfile Statement}). + +@item +The ability to delete all of an array at once with @samp{delete @var{array}} +(@pxref{Delete}). + +@item +The ability for the @code{length()} function to accept an array argument and +return the number of elements in the array. +(@pxref{String Functions}). @end itemize The 2008 POSIX standard can be found online at @@ -25923,6 +25942,7 @@ This @value{SECTION} describes extensions in his version of @command{awk} that a not in POSIX @command{awk}: @itemize @bullet +@ignore @item The @samp{-mf @var{N}} and @samp{-mr @var{N}} command-line options to set the maximum number of fields and the maximum @@ -25930,6 +25950,7 @@ record size, respectively (@pxref{Options}). As a side note, his @command{awk} no longer needs these options; it continues to accept them to avoid breaking old programs. +@end ignore @item The @code{fflush()} built-in function for flushing buffered output @@ -25989,19 +26010,6 @@ return the number of elements in the array. @node POSIX/GNU @appendixsec Extensions in @command{gawk} Not in POSIX @command{awk} -@ignore -I've tried to follow this general order, esp.@: for the 3.0 and 3.1 sections: - variables - special files - language changes (e.g., hex constants) - differences in standard awk functions - new gawk functions - new keywords - new command-line options - new ports -Within each category, be alphabetical. -@end ignore - @c STARTOFRANGE fripls @cindex compatibility mode (@command{gawk}), extensions @c STARTOFRANGE exgnot @@ -26009,121 +26017,63 @@ Within each category, be alphabetical. @c STARTOFRANGE posnot @cindex POSIX, @command{gawk} extensions not included in The GNU implementation, @command{gawk}, adds a large number of features. -This @value{SECTION} lists them in the order they were added to @command{gawk}. They can all be disabled with either the @option{--traditional} or @option{--posix} options (@pxref{Options}). -Version 2.10 of @command{gawk} introduced the following features: +A number of features have come and gone over the years. This @value{SECTION} +summarizes the additional features over POSIX @command{awk} that are +in the current version of @command{gawk}. @itemize @bullet -@item -The @env{AWKPATH} environment variable for specifying a path search for -the @option{-f} command-line option -(@pxref{Options}). @item -The @code{IGNORECASE} variable and its effects -(@pxref{Case-sensitivity}). +Additional built-in variables: +@itemize @minus @item -The @file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, @file{/dev/stderr} and -@file{/dev/fd/@var{N}} special @value{FN}s -(@pxref{Special Files}). -@end itemize - -Version 2.13 of @command{gawk} introduced the following features: - -@itemize @bullet -@item -The @code{FIELDWIDTHS} variable and its effects -(@pxref{Constant Size}). - -@item -The @code{systime()} and @code{strftime()} built-in functions for obtaining -and printing timestamps -(@pxref{Time Functions}). - -@item -The @option{-W lint} option to provide error and portability checking -for both the source code and at runtime -(@pxref{Options}). - -@item -The @option{-W compat} option to turn off the GNU extensions -(@pxref{Options}). - -@item -The @option{-W posix} option for full POSIX compliance -(@pxref{Options}). -@end itemize - -Version 2.14 of @command{gawk} introduced the following feature: - -@itemize @bullet -@item -The @code{next file} statement for skipping to the next @value{DF} -(@pxref{Nextfile Statement}). -@end itemize - -Version 2.15 of @command{gawk} introduced the following features: - -@itemize @bullet -@item -The @code{ARGIND} variable, which tracks the movement of @code{FILENAME} -through @code{ARGV} (@pxref{Built-in Variables}). - -@item -The @code{ERRNO} variable, which contains the system error message when -@code{getline} returns @minus{}1 or @code{close()} fails +The +@code{ARGIND} +@code{BINMODE}, +@code{ERRNO}, +@code{FIELDWIDTHS}, +@code{FPAT}, +@code{IGNORECASE}, +@code{LINT}, +@code{PROCINFO}, +@code{TEXTDOMAIN}, +and +@code{RT} +variables (@pxref{Built-in Variables}). +@end itemize @item -The @file{/dev/pid}, @file{/dev/ppid}, @file{/dev/pgrpid}, and -@file{/dev/user} @value{FN} interpretation. -(As of @value{PVERSION} 3.2, these names are no longer supported.) - -@item -The ability to delete all of an array at once with @samp{delete @var{array}} -(@pxref{Delete}). +Special files in I/O redirections: +@itemize @minus{} @item -The ability to use GNU-style long-named options that start with @option{--} -(@pxref{Options}). +The @file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, @file{/dev/stderr} and +@file{/dev/fd/@var{N}} special @value{FN}s +(@pxref{Special Files}). @item -The @option{--source} option for mixing command-line and library-file -source code -(@pxref{Options}). +The @file{/inet}, @file{/inet4}, and @samp{/inet6} special files for +TCP/IP networking using @samp{|&} to specify which version of the +IP protocol to use. +(@pxref{TCP/IP Networking}). @end itemize -Version 3.0 of @command{gawk} introduced the following features: - -@itemize @bullet @item -@code{IGNORECASE} changed, now applying to string comparison as well -as regexp operations -(@pxref{Case-sensitivity}). - -@item -The @code{RT} variable that contains the input text that -matched @code{RS} -(@pxref{Records}). +Changes and/or additions to the language: +@itemize @minus{} @item -Full support for both POSIX and GNU regexps +Full support for both POSIX and GNU regexps, with interval +expressions being matched by default. (@pxref{Regexp}). @item -The @code{gensub()} function for more powerful text manipulation -(@pxref{String Functions}). - -@item -The @code{strftime()} function acquired a default time format, -allowing it to be called with no arguments -(@pxref{Time Functions}). - -@item The ability for @code{FS} and for the third argument to @code{split()} to be null strings (@pxref{Single Character Fields}). @@ -26133,81 +26083,61 @@ The ability for @code{RS} to be a regexp (@pxref{Records}). @item -The @code{next file} statement became @code{nextfile} -(@pxref{Nextfile Statement}). - -@item -The @option{--lint-old} option to -warn about constructs that are not available in -the original Version 7 Unix version of @command{awk} -(@pxref{V7/SVR3.1}). - -@item -The @option{-m} option and the @code{fflush()} function from the -Bell Laboratories research version of @command{awk} -(@pxref{Options}; also -@pxref{I/O Functions}). +The ability to use octal and hexadecimal constants in @command{awk} +program source code +(@pxref{Nondecimal-numbers}). @item -The @option{--re-interval} option to provide interval expressions in regexps -(@pxref{Regexp Operators}). +The @samp{|&} operator for two-way I/O to a coprocess +(@pxref{Two-way I/O}). @item -The @option{--traditional} option was added as a better name for -@option{--compat} (@pxref{Options}). +Indirect function calls +(@pxref{Indirect Calls}). @item -The use of GNU Autoconf to control the configuration process -(@pxref{Quick Installation}). - -@ignore -@item -Amiga support -(@pxref{Amiga Installation}). -@end ignore - +Directories on the command line produce a warning and are skipped +(@pxref{Command line directories}). @end itemize -Version 3.1 of @command{gawk} introduced the following features: +@item +New keywords: -@itemize @bullet +@itemize @minus{} @item -The @code{BINMODE} special variable for non-POSIX systems, -which allows binary I/O for input and/or output files -(@pxref{PC Using}). +The @code{BEGINFILE} and @code{ENDFILE} special patterns. +(@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}). @item -The @code{LINT} special variable, which dynamically controls lint warnings -(@pxref{Built-in Variables}). +The ability to delete all of an array at once with @samp{delete @var{array}} +(@pxref{Delete}). @item -The @code{PROCINFO} array for providing process-related information -(@pxref{Built-in Variables}). +The @code{nextfile} statement +(@pxref{Nextfile Statement}). @item -The @code{TEXTDOMAIN} special variable for setting an application's -internationalization text domain -(@pxref{Built-in Variables}, -and -@ref{Internationalization}). +The @code{switch} statement +(@pxref{Switch Statement}). +@end itemize @item -The ability to use octal and hexadecimal constants in @command{awk} -program source code -(@pxref{Nondecimal-numbers}). +Changes to standard @command{awk} functions: +@itemize @minus @item -The @samp{|&} operator for two-way I/O to a coprocess +The optional second argument to @code{close()} that allows closing one end +of a two-way pipe to a coprocess (@pxref{Two-way I/O}). @item -The @file{/inet} special files for TCP/IP networking using @samp{|&} -(@pxref{TCP/IP Networking}). +POSIX compliance for @code{gsub()} and @code{sub()} +(@pxref{Gory Details}). @item -The optional second argument to @code{close()} that allows closing one end -of a two-way pipe to a coprocess -(@pxref{Two-way I/O}). +The @code{length()} function accepts an array argument +and returns the number of elements in the array +(@pxref{String Functions}). @item The optional third argument to the @code{match()} function @@ -26220,23 +26150,15 @@ making translations easier (@pxref{Printf Ordering}). @item -The @code{asort()} and @code{asorti()} functions for sorting arrays -(@pxref{Array Sorting}). - -@item -The @code{bindtextdomain()}, @code{dcgettext()} and @code{dcngettext()} functions -for internationalization -(@pxref{Programmer i18n}). - -@item -The @code{extension()} built-in function and the ability to add -new built-in functions dynamically -(@pxref{Dynamic Extensions}). +The @code{split()} function's additional optional fourth +argument which is an array to hold the text of the field separators. +(@pxref{String Functions}). +@end itemize @item -The @code{mktime()} built-in function for creating timestamps -(@pxref{Time Functions}). +Additional functions only in @command{gawk}: +@itemize @minus @item The @code{and()}, @@ -26244,179 +26166,114 @@ The @code{xor()}, @code{compl()}, @code{lshift()}, -@code{rshift()}, and -@code{strtonum()} built-in -functions +@code{rshift()}, +functions for bit manipulation (@pxref{Bitwise Functions}). @item -@cindex @code{next file} statement -The support for @samp{next file} as two words was removed completely -(@pxref{Nextfile Statement}). - -@item -The @option{--dump-variables} option to print a list of all global variables -(@pxref{Options}). - -@item -The @option{--gen-po} command-line option and the use of a leading -underscore to mark strings that should be translated -(@pxref{String Extraction}). - -@item -The @option{--non-decimal-data} option to allow non-decimal -input data -(@pxref{Nondecimal Data}). - -@item -The @option{--profile} option and @command{pgawk}, the -profiling version of @command{gawk}, for producing execution -profiles of @command{awk} programs -(@pxref{Profiling}). - -@item -The @option{--use-lc-numeric} option to force @command{gawk} -to use the locale's decimal point for parsing input data -(@pxref{Conversion}). - -@item -The @option{--enable-portals} configuration option to enable special -treatment of pathnames that begin with @file{/p} as BSD portals. (This -option is no longer available; the related code was removed since it -was never used.) - -@item -The use of GNU Automake to help in standardizing the configuration process -(@pxref{Quick Installation}). - -@item -The use of GNU @code{gettext} for @command{gawk}'s own message output -(@pxref{Gawk I18N}). - -@item -BeOS support -(@pxref{BeOS Installation}). - -@item -Tandem support -(@pxref{Tandem Installation}). - -@item -The Atari port became officially unsupported -(@pxref{Atari Installation}). - -@item -The source code now uses new-style function definitions. - -@item -The @option{--disable-lint} configuration option to disable lint checking -at compile time -(@pxref{Additional Configuration Options}). +The @code{asort()} and @code{asorti()} functions for sorting arrays +(@pxref{Array Sorting}). @item -The @option{--with-whiny-user-strftime} configuration option -to force the use -of the included version of the @code{strftime()} -function for deficient systems -(@pxref{Additional Configuration Options}). - +The @code{bindtextdomain()}, @code{dcgettext()} and @code{dcngettext()} +functions for internationalization +(@pxref{Programmer i18n}). @item -POSIX compliance for @code{sub()} and @code{gsub()} -(@pxref{Gory Details}). +The @code{extension()} built-in function and the ability to add +new functions dynamically +(@pxref{Dynamic Extensions}). @item -The @option{--exec} option, for use in CGI scripts -(@pxref{Options}). +The @code{fflush()} function from the +Bell Laboratories research version of @command{awk} +(@pxref{I/O Functions}). @item -The @code{length()} function was extended to accept an array argument -and return the number of elements in the array +The @code{gensub()}, @code{patsplit()}, and @code{strtonum()} functions +for more powerful text manipulation (@pxref{String Functions}). @item -The @code{strftime()} function acquired a third argument to -enable printing times as UTC +The @code{mktime()}, @code{systime()}, and @code{strftime()} +functions for working with timestamps (@pxref{Time Functions}). @end itemize -Version 3.2 of @command{gawk} introduced the following features: -@itemize @bullet @item -The special files @file{/dev/pid}, @file{/dev/ppid}, @file{/dev/pgrpid}, and -@file{/dev/user} were removed entirely -(@pxref{Obsolete}). +Changes and/or additions in the command line options: +@itemize @minus @item -The @code{\s} and @code{\S} escapae sequences in regular expressions -(@pxref{GNU Regexp Operators}). +The @env{AWKPATH} environment variable for specifying a path search for +the @option{-f} command-line option +(@pxref{Options}). @item -Interval expressions became part of the default matching done if not -in POSIX mode or in compatibility mode. -(@pxref{Regexp Operators}). +The ability to use GNU-style long-named options that start with @option{--} +and the +@option{--characters-as-bytes}, +@option{--compat}, +@option{--dump-variables}, +@option{--exec}, +@option{--gen-pot}, +@option{--lint}, +@option{--lint-old}, +@option{--non-decimal-data}, +@option{--posix}, +@option{--profile}, +@option{--re-interval}, +@option{--sandbox}, +@option{--source}, +@option{--traditional}, +and +@option{--use-lc-numeric} +options +(@pxref{Options}). +@end itemize -@item -The @code{split()} function was given the additional optional fourth -argument which is an array to hold the text of the field separators. -(@pxref{String Functions}). -@item -The @code{BEGINFILE} and @code{ENDFILE} special patterns. -(@pxref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}). +@c new ports @item -The @code{switch} statement was enabled by default. -(@pxref{Switch Statement}). +Support for the following obsolete systems was removed from the code +and the documentation: +@c nested table +@itemize @minus @item -The @option{--sandbox} and @option{--characters-as-bytes} options -(@pxref{Options}). +Atari. @item -Indirect function calls -(@pxref{Indirect Calls}). +Amiga. @item -The @option{--gen-po} command-line option was renamed @option{--gen-pot} -(@pxref{String Extraction}). +BeOS. @item -Directories on the command line produce a warning and are skipped -(@pxref{Command line directories}). +Cray. @item -The @code{FPAT} variable and its effects -(@pxref{Splitting By Content}). +MIPS RiscOS. @item -@code{PROCINFO["strftime"]} was added -(@pxref{Auto-set}). +MS-DOS with the Microsoft Compiler. @item -The @code{patsplit()} function -(@pxref{String Functions}). +MS-Windows with the Microsoft Compiler. @item -The @file{/inet4} and @samp{/inet6} special files for TCP/IP networking -using @samp{|&} to specify which version of the IP protocol to use. -The option to use a raw IP socket was removed, since it was never implemented -(@pxref{TCP/IP Networking}). +NeXT. @item -The @option{--compat}, @option{--copyleft} and @option{--usage} -options were removed. +SunOS 3.x, Sun 386 (Road Runner). @item -The @code{break} and @code{continue} statements may no longer -be used outside a loop, even with @option{--traditional} -(@pxref{Break Statement}, and -@pxref{Continue Statement}). +Tandem (non-POSIX). -@item -The @option{--enable-portals} configuration option was removed. +@end itemize @end itemize @@ -26534,13 +26391,15 @@ currently maintains the MS-DOS port. @cindex Grigera, Juan Juan Grigera provided a port to Windows32 systems. +(This is no longer supported.) @item @cindex Hankerson, Darrel +For many years, Dr.@: Darrel Hankerson -acts as coordinator for the various ports to different PC platforms -and creates binary distributions for various PC operating systems. -He is also instrumental in keeping the documentation up to date for +acted as coordinator for the various ports to different PC platforms +and created binary distributions for various PC operating systems. +He was also instrumental in keeping the documentation up to date for the various PC platforms. @item @@ -26559,12 +26418,13 @@ code and documentation, and motivated the inclusion of the @samp{|&} operator. @cindex Davies, Stephen Stephen Davies provided the initial port to Tandem systems and its documentation. +He was also instrumental in the initial work to integrate the +byte-code internals into the @command{gawk} code base. @item @cindex Woehlke, Matthew Matthew Woehlke -provided improvements for Tandem's POSIX-compliant -systems. +provided improvements for Tandem's POSIX-compliant systems. @item @cindex Brown, Martin @@ -26602,6 +26462,13 @@ Michael Benzinger contributed the initial code for @code{switch} statements. @cindex McPhee, Patrick Patrick T.J.@: McPhee contributed the code for dynamic loading in Windows32 environments. +(This is no longer supported) + +@item +@cindex Haque, John +John Haque +reworked the @command{gawk} internals to use a byte-code engine, +providing the @command{dgawk} debugger for @command{awk} programs. @item @cindex Robbins, Arnold @@ -26632,7 +26499,6 @@ the respective ports. * Unix Installation:: Installing @command{gawk} under various versions of Unix. * Non-Unix Installation:: Installation on Other Operating Systems. -* Unsupported:: Systems whose ports are no longer supported. * Bugs:: Reporting Problems and Bugs. * Other Versions:: Other freely available @command{awk} implementations. @@ -26684,8 +26550,10 @@ will be less busy, and you can usually find one closer to your site. @node Extracting @appendixsubsec Extracting the Distribution -@command{gawk} is distributed as a @code{tar} file compressed with the -GNU Zip program, @code{gzip}. +@command{gawk} is distributed as several @code{tar} file compressed with +different compression programs: @command{gzip}, @command{bzip2}, +and @command{xz}. For simplicity, the rest of these instructions assume +you are using the one compressed with the GNU Zip program, @code{gzip}. Once you have the distribution (for example, @file{gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL}.tar.gz}), @@ -26698,8 +26566,16 @@ pipeline to produce the @command{gawk} distribution: gzip -d -c gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL}.tar.gz | tar -xvpf - @end example +On a system with GNU @command{tar}, you can let @command{tar} +do the decompression for you: + +@example +tar -xvpzf gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL}.tar.gz +@end example + @noindent -This creates a directory named @file{gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL}} +Extracting the archive +creates a directory named @file{gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL}} in the current directory. The distribution @value{FN} is of the form @@ -26710,7 +26586,7 @@ the @var{P} represents a @dfn{patch level}, meaning that minor bugs have been fixed in the release. The current patch level is @value{PATCHLEVEL}, but when retrieving distributions, you should get the version with the highest version, release, and patch level. (Note, however, that patch levels greater than -or equal to 80 denote ``beta'' or nonproduction software; you might not want +or equal to 70 denote ``beta'' or nonproduction software; you might not want to retrieve such a version unless you don't mind experimenting.) If you are not on a Unix system, you need to make other arrangements for getting and extracting the @command{gawk} distribution. You should consult @@ -26790,7 +26666,9 @@ This is distributed for the convenience of Unix users. @cindex Texinfo @item doc/gawk.texi The Texinfo source file for this @value{DOCUMENT}. -It should be processed with @TeX{} to produce a printed document, and +It should be processed with @TeX{} +(via @command{texi2dvi} or @command{texi2pdf}) +to produce a printed document, and with @command{makeinfo} to produce an Info or HTML file. @item doc/gawk.info @@ -26804,7 +26682,9 @@ The Texinfo source file for @ifnotinfo @cite{TCP/IP Internetworking with @command{gawk}}. @end ifnotinfo -It should be processed with @TeX{} to produce a printed document and +It should be processed with @TeX{} +(via @command{texi2dvi} or @command{texi2pdf}) +to produce a printed document and with @command{makeinfo} to produce an Info or HTML file. @item doc/gawkinet.info @@ -26827,11 +26707,9 @@ the @file{Makefile.in} files used by @command{autoconf} and @command{configure}. @item Makefile.in -@itemx acconfig.h -@itemx acinclude.m4 @itemx aclocal.m4 @itemx configh.in -@itemx configure.in +@itemx configure.ac @itemx configure @itemx custom.h @itemx missing_d/* @@ -26862,19 +26740,11 @@ They are installed as part of the installation process. The rest of the programs in this @value{DOCUMENT} are available in appropriate subdirectories of @file{awklib/eg}. -@item unsupported/atari/* -Files needed for building @command{gawk} on an Atari ST -(@pxref{Atari Installation}, for details). - -@item unsupported/tandem/* -Files needed for building @command{gawk} on a Tandem -(@pxref{Tandem Installation}, for details). - @item posix/* Files needed for building @command{gawk} on POSIX-compliant systems. @item pc/* -Files needed for building @command{gawk} under MS Windows and OS/2 +Files needed for building @command{gawk} under MS-Windows and OS/2 (@pxref{PC Installation}, for details). @item vms/* @@ -26891,7 +26761,7 @@ be confident of a successful port. @c ENDOFRANGE gawdis @node Unix Installation -@appendixsec Compiling and Installing @command{gawk} on Unix +@appendixsec Compiling and Installing @command{gawk} on Unix-like Systems Usually, you can compile and install @command{gawk} by typing only two commands. However, if you use an unusual system, you may need @@ -26904,20 +26774,25 @@ to configure @command{gawk} for your system yourself. @end menu @node Quick Installation -@appendixsubsec Compiling @command{gawk} for Unix +@appendixsubsec Compiling @command{gawk} for Unix-like Systems + +The normal installation steps should work on all modern commercial +Unix-derived systems, GNU/Linux, BSD-based systems, and the Cygwin +environment for MS-Windows. -@c @cindex installation, unix After you have extracted the @command{gawk} distribution, @command{cd} to @file{gawk-@value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL}}. Like most GNU software, @command{gawk} is configured -automatically for your Unix system by running the @command{configure} program. +automatically for your system by running the @command{configure} program. This program is a Bourne shell script that is generated automatically using GNU @command{autoconf}. @ifnotinfo (The @command{autoconf} software is described fully in @cite{Autoconf---Generating Automatic Configuration Scripts}, -which is available from the Free Software Foundation.) +which can be found online at +@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/index.html, +the Free Software Foundation's web site}.) @end ifnotinfo @ifinfo (The @command{autoconf} software is described fully starting with @@ -26981,12 +26856,12 @@ command line when compiling @command{gawk} from scratch, including: @cindex configuration option, @code{--with-whiny-user-strftime} @item --with-whiny-user-strftime Force use of the included version of the @code{strftime()} -function for deficient systems +function for deficient systems. @cindex @code{--disable-lint} configuration option @cindex configuration option, @code{--disable-lint} @item --disable-lint -This option disables all lint checking within @code{gawk}. The +Disable all lint checking within @code{gawk}. The @option{--lint} and @option{--lint-old} options (@pxref{Options}) are accepted, but silently do nothing. @@ -27011,26 +26886,22 @@ This is usually not desirable, but it may bring you some slight performance improvement. @end table -As of @value{PVERSION} 3.1.5, the @option{--with-included-gettext} configuration -option is no longer available, since @command{gawk} expects the -GNU @code{gettext} library to be installed as an external library. - -As of @value{PVERSION} 3.1.8, the @option{--disable-libsigsegv} configuration -option is no longer available, since @command{gawk} expects the -GNU @code{libsigsegv} library to be installed as an external library. +Use the command @samp{./configure --help} to see the full list of +options that @command{configure} supplies. @node Configuration Philosophy @appendixsubsec The Configuration Process @cindex @command{gawk}, configuring This @value{SECTION} is of interest only if you know something about using the -C language and the Unix operating system. +C language and Unix-like operating systems. The source code for @command{gawk} generally attempts to adhere to formal standards wherever possible. This means that @command{gawk} uses library routines that are specified by the ISO C standard and by the POSIX -operating system interface standard. When using an ISO C compiler, -function prototypes are used to help improve the compile-time checking. +operating system interface standard. +The @command{gawk} source code requires using an ISO C compiler (the 1990 +standard). Many Unix systems do not support all of either the ISO or the POSIX standards. The @file{missing_d} subdirectory in the @command{gawk} @@ -27043,7 +26914,7 @@ where you are attempting to compile @command{gawk}. The three things described by this file are: what header files are available, so that they can be correctly included, what (supposedly) standard functions are actually available in your C libraries, and various miscellaneous -facts about your variant of Unix. For example, there may not be an +facts about your operating system. For example, there may not be an @code{st_blksize} element in the @code{stat} structure. In this case, @samp{HAVE_ST_BLKSIZE} is undefined. @@ -27059,12 +26930,12 @@ should not have. @file{custom.h} is automatically included by It is also possible that the @command{configure} program generated by @command{autoconf} will not work on your system in some other fashion. -If you do have a problem, the file @file{configure.in} is the input for +If you do have a problem, the file @file{configure.ac} is the input for @command{autoconf}. You may be able to change this file and generate a new version of @command{configure} that works on your system (@pxref{Bugs}, for information on how to report problems in configuring @command{gawk}). -The same mechanism may be used to send in updates to @file{configure.in} +The same mechanism may be used to send in updates to @file{configure.ac} and/or @file{custom.h}. @node Non-Unix Installation @@ -27088,11 +26959,11 @@ various non-Unix systems. @cindex PC operating systems@comma{} @command{gawk} on, installing @cindex operating systems, PC@comma{} @command{gawk} on, installing This @value{SECTION} covers installation and usage of @command{gawk} on x86 machines -running DOS, any version of Windows, or OS/2. +running MS-DOS, any version of MS-Windows, or OS/2. In this @value{SECTION}, the term ``Windows32'' -refers to any of Windows-95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP/Vista/7. +refers to any of Microsoft Windows-95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP/Vista/7. -The limitations of DOS (and DOS shells under Windows or OS/2) has meant +The limitations of MS-DOS (and MS-DOS shells under Windows32 or OS/2) has meant that various ``DOS extenders'' are often used with programs such as @command{gawk}. The varying capabilities of Microsoft Windows 3.1 and Windows32 can add to the confusion. For an overview of the @@ -27114,7 +26985,7 @@ distribution. @node PC Binary Installation @appendixsubsubsec Installing a Prepared Distribution for PC Systems -If you have received a binary distribution prepared by the DOS +If you have received a binary distribution prepared by the MS-DOS maintainers, then @command{gawk} and the necessary support files appear under the @file{gnu} directory, with executables in @file{gnu/bin}, libraries in @file{gnu/lib/awk}, and manual pages under @file{gnu/man}. @@ -27133,7 +27004,11 @@ directory of your preferred drive. Set @env{UNIXROOT} to your installation drive (e.g., @samp{e:}) if you want to install @command{gawk} onto another drive than the hardcoded default @samp{c:}. Executables appear in @file{/usr/bin}, libraries under @file{/usr/share/awk}, manual pages under @file{/usr/man}, -Texinfo documentation under @file{/usr/info} and NLS files under @file{/usr/share/locale}. +Texinfo documentation under @file{/usr/info}, and NLS files +under @file{/usr/share/locale}. +Note that the files can be installed anywhere provided @env{AWKPATH} is +set properly. + If you already have a file @file{/usr/info/dir} from another package @emph{do not overwrite it!} Instead enter the following commands at your prompt (replace @samp{x:} by your installation drive): @@ -27143,9 +27018,6 @@ install-info --info-dir=x:/usr/info x:/usr/info/gawk.info install-info --info-dir=x:/usr/info x:/usr/info/gawkinet.info @end example -However, the files can be installed anywhere provided @env{AWKPATH} is -set properly. - The binary distribution may contain a separate file containing additional or more detailed installation instructions. @@ -27153,13 +27025,13 @@ or more detailed installation instructions. @appendixsubsubsec Compiling @command{gawk} for PC Operating Systems @command{gawk} can be compiled for MS-DOS, Windows32, and OS/2 using the GNU -development tools from DJ Delorie (DJGPP; MS-DOS only) or Eberhard -Mattes (EMX; MS-DOS, Windows32 and OS/2). The file +development tools from DJ Delorie (DJGPP: MS-DOS only) or Eberhard +Mattes (EMX: MS-DOS, Windows32 and OS/2). The file @file{README_d/README.pc} in the @command{gawk} distribution contains additional notes, and @file{pc/Makefile} contains important information on compilation options. -@cindex compiling @command{gawk} for DOS and Windows +@cindex compiling @command{gawk} for MS-DOS and MS-Windows To build @command{gawk} for MS-DOS and Windows32, copy the files in the @file{pc} directory (@emph{except} for @file{ChangeLog}) to the directory with the rest of the @command{gawk} sources, then invoke @@ -27176,29 +27048,29 @@ build @command{gawk} using the DJGPP tools, enter @samp{make djgpp}. @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/}.) To build a native MS-Windows binary of @command{gawk}, type @samp{make mingw32}. -@cindex compiling @command{gawk} with EMX for OS/2 and Windows +@cindex compiling @command{gawk} with EMX for OS/2 and MS-Windows The 32 bit EMX version of @command{gawk} works ``out of the box'' under OS/2. In principle, it is possible to compile @command{gawk} the following way: @example -$ ./configure -$ make +$ @kbd{./configure} +$ @kbd{make} @end example This is not recommended, though. To get an OMF executable you should use the following commands at your @command{sh} prompt: @example -$ CPPFLAGS="-D__ST_MT_ERRNO__" -$ export CPPFLAGS -$ CFLAGS="-O2 -Zomf -Zmt" -$ export CFLAGS -$ LDFLAGS="-s -Zcrtdll -Zlinker /exepack:2 -Zlinker /pm:vio -Zstack 0x6000" -$ export LDFLAGS -$ RANLIB="echo" -$ export RANLIB -$ ./configure --prefix=c:/usr --without-included-gettext -$ make AR=emxomfar +$ @kbd{CPPFLAGS="-D__ST_MT_ERRNO__"} +$ @kbd{export CPPFLAGS} +$ @kbd{CFLAGS="-O2 -Zomf -Zmt"} +$ @kbd{export CFLAGS} +$ @kbd{LDFLAGS="-s -Zcrtdll -Zlinker /exepack:2 -Zlinker /pm:vio -Zstack 0x6000"} +$ @kbd{export LDFLAGS} +$ @kbd{RANLIB="echo"} +$ @kbd{export RANLIB} +$ @kbd{./configure --prefix=c:/usr --without-included-gettext} +$ @kbd{make AR=emxomfar} @end example These are just suggestions. You may use any other set of (self-consistent) @@ -27217,23 +27089,23 @@ NLS entirely (@option{--disable-nls}). If you use GCC 2.95 it is recommended to use also: @example -$ LIBS="-lgcc" -$ export LIBS +$ @kbd{LIBS="-lgcc"} +$ @kbd{export LIBS} @end example You can also get an @code{a.out} executable if you prefer: @example -$ CPPFLAGS="-D__ST_MT_ERRNO__" -$ export CPPFLAGS -$ CFLAGS="-O2 -Zmt" -$ export CFLAGS -$ LDFLAGS="-s -Zstack 0x6000" -$ LIBS="-lgcc" -$ unset RANLIB +$ @kbd{CPPFLAGS="-D__ST_MT_ERRNO__"} +$ @kbd{export CPPFLAGS} +$ @kbd{CFLAGS="-O2 -Zmt"} +$ @kbd{export CFLAGS} +$ @kbd{LDFLAGS="-s -Zstack 0x6000"} +$ @kbd{LIBS="-lgcc"} +$ @kbd{unset RANLIB} @c $ ./configure --prefix=c:/usr --without-included-gettext -$ ./configure --prefix=c:/usr -$ make +$ @kbd{./configure --prefix=c:/usr} +$ @kbd{make} @end example @quotation NOTE @@ -27254,7 +27126,6 @@ Most OS/2 ports of GNU @command{make} are not able to handle the Makefiles of this package. If you encounter any problems with @command{make}, try GNU Make 3.79.1 or later versions. You should find the latest version on -@c @uref{http://www.unixos2.org/sw/pub/binary/make/} or on @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/}. @end quotation @@ -27264,7 +27135,7 @@ find the latest version on Using @command{make} to run the standard tests and to install @command{gawk} requires additional Unix-like tools, including @command{sh}, @command{sed}, and @command{cp}. In order to run the tests, the @file{test/*.ok} files may need to -be converted so that they have the usual DOS-style end-of-line markers. Most +be converted so that they have the usual MS-DOS-style end-of-line markers. Most of the tests work properly with Stewartson's shell along with the companion utilities or appropriate GNU utilities. However, some editing of @file{test/Makefile} is required. It is recommended that you copy the file @@ -27312,13 +27183,13 @@ E.g., if @env{UNIXROOT} is set to @file{e:} the complete default search path is @code{@w{".;c:/usr/share/awk;e:/usr/share/awk"}}. An @command{sh}-like shell (as opposed to @command{command.com} under MS-DOS -or @command{cmd.exe} under Windows or OS/2) may be useful for @command{awk} programming. +or @command{cmd.exe} under MS-Windows or OS/2) may be useful for @command{awk} programming. The DJGPP collection of tools includes an MS-DOS port of Bash, and several shells are available for OS/2, including @command{ksh}. @cindex differences in @command{awk} and @command{gawk}, @code{BINMODE} variable @cindex @code{BINMODE} variable -Under Windows, OS/2 and DOS, @command{gawk} (and many other text programs) silently +Under MS-Windows, OS/2 and MS-DOS, @command{gawk} (and many other text programs) silently translate end-of-line @code{"\r\n"} to @code{"\n"} on input and @code{"\n"} to @code{"\r\n"} on output. A special @code{BINMODE} variable allows control over these translations and is interpreted as follows: @@ -27357,7 +27228,7 @@ changed mid-stream. The name @code{BINMODE} was chosen to match @command{mawk} (@pxref{Other Versions}). -Both @command{mawk} and @command{gawk} handle @code{BINMODE} similarly; however, +@command{mawk} and @command{gawk} handle @code{BINMODE} similarly; however, @command{mawk} adds a @samp{-W BINMODE=@var{N}} option and an environment variable that can set @code{BINMODE}, @code{RS}, and @code{ORS}. The files @file{binmode[1-3].awk} (under @file{gnu/lib/awk} in some of the @@ -27365,10 +27236,10 @@ prepared distributions) have been chosen to match @command{mawk}'s @samp{-W BINMODE=@var{N}} option. These can be changed or discarded; in particular, the setting of @code{RS} giving the fewest ``surprises'' is open to debate. @command{mawk} uses @samp{RS = "\r\n"} if binary mode is set on read, which is -appropriate for files with the DOS-style end-of-line. +appropriate for files with the MS-DOS-style end-of-line. To illustrate, the following examples set binary mode on writes for standard -output and other files, and set @code{ORS} as the ``usual'' DOS-style +output and other files, and set @code{ORS} as the ``usual'' MS-DOS-style end-of-line: @example @@ -27408,7 +27279,7 @@ moved into the @code{BEGIN} rule. @cindex Cygwin build of @command{gawk} @cindex using @command{gawk} on Cygwin -@command{gawk} can be built and used ``out of the box'' under Windows +@command{gawk} can be built and used ``out of the box'' under MS-Windows if you are using the @uref{http://www.cygwin.com, Cygwin environment}. This environment provides an excellent simulation of Unix, using the GNU tools, such as Bash, the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Make, @@ -27436,12 +27307,12 @@ for any other environment on MS-Windows. @node MSYS @appendixsubsubsec Using @command{gawk} In The MSYS Environment -In the MSYS environment under Windows, @command{gawk} automatically +In the MSYS environment under MS-Windows, @command{gawk} automatically uses binary mode for reading and writing files. Thus there is no need to use the @code{BINMODE} variable. This can cause problems with other Unix-like components that have -been ported to Windows that expect @command{gawk} to do automatic +been ported to MS-Windows that expect @command{gawk} to do automatic translation of @code{"\r\n"}, since it won't. Caveat Emptor! @node VMS Installation @@ -27470,14 +27341,14 @@ also a @file{Makefile} for use with the @code{MMS} utility. From the source directory, use either: @example -$ @@[.VMS]VMSBUILD.COM +$ @kbd{@@[.VMS]VMSBUILD.COM} @end example @noindent or: @example -$ MMS/DESCRIPTION=[.VMS]DESCRIP.MMS GAWK +$ @kbd{MMS/DESCRIPTION=[.VMS]DESCRIP.MMS GAWK} @end example Depending upon which C compiler you are using, follow one of the sets @@ -27516,7 +27387,7 @@ To install @command{gawk}, all you need is a ``foreign'' command, which is a @code{DCL} symbol whose value begins with a dollar sign. For example: @example -$ GAWK :== $disk1:[gnubin]GAWK +$ @kbd{GAWK :== $disk1:[gnubin]GAWK} @end example @noindent @@ -27531,7 +27402,7 @@ to run @command{gawk}. Optionally, the help entry can be loaded into a VMS help library: @example -$ LIBRARY/HELP SYS$HELP:HELPLIB [.VMS]GAWK.HLP +$ @kbd{LIBRARY/HELP SYS$HELP:HELPLIB [.VMS]GAWK.HLP} @end example @noindent @@ -27540,7 +27411,7 @@ the standard VMS library @samp{HELPLIB}.) After loading the help text, the command: @example -$ HELP GAWK +$ @kbd{HELP GAWK} @end example @noindent @@ -27568,8 +27439,8 @@ should run correctly. Here are a couple of trivial tests: @example -$ gawk -- "BEGIN @{print ""Hello, World!""@}" -$ gawk -"W" version +$ @kbd{gawk -- "BEGIN @{print ""Hello, World!""@}"} +$ @kbd{gawk -"W" version} ! could also be -"W version" or "-W version" @end example @@ -27591,8 +27462,8 @@ process) are present, there is no ambiguity and @option{--} can be omitted. @cindex search paths, for source files The default search path, when looking for @command{awk} program files specified by the @option{-f} option, is @code{"SYS$DISK:[],AWK_LIBRARY:"}. The logical -name @samp{AWKPATH} can be used to override this default. The format -of @samp{AWKPATH} is a comma-separated list of directory specifications. +name @env{AWKPATH} can be used to override this default. The format +of @env{AWKPATH} is a comma-separated list of directory specifications. When defining it, the value should be quoted so that it retains a single translation and not a multitranslation @code{RMS} searchlist. @@ -27607,8 +27478,8 @@ Make sure that the two scripts, @file{configure} and necessary. Then execute the following two commands: @example -psx> CC=vms/posix-cc.sh configure -psx> make CC=c89 gawk +psx> @kbd{CC=vms/posix-cc.sh configure} +psx> @kbd{make CC=c89 gawk} @end example @noindent @@ -27634,223 +27505,12 @@ Some versions of VMS have an old version of @command{gawk}. To access it, define a symbol, as follows: @example -$ @kbd{gawk :== $ sys$common:[syshlp.examples.tcpip.snmp]gawk.exe} +$ @kbd{gawk :== $sys$common:[syshlp.examples.tcpip.snmp]gawk.exe} @end example -This is apparently @value{PVERSION} 2.15.6, which is quite old. We +This is apparently @value{PVERSION} 2.15.6, which is extremely old. We recommend compiling and using the current version. -@node Unsupported -@appendixsec Unsupported Operating System Ports - -This sections describes systems for which -the @command{gawk} port is no longer supported. - -@menu -* Atari Installation:: Installing @command{gawk} on the Atari ST. -* BeOS Installation:: Installing @command{gawk} on BeOS. -* Tandem Installation:: Installing @command{gawk} on a Tandem. -@end menu - -@node Atari Installation -@appendixsubsec Installing @command{gawk} on the Atari ST - -The Atari port is no longer supported. It is -included for those who might want to use it but it is no longer being -actively maintained. - -@c based on material from Michal Jaegermann <michal@gortel.phys.ualberta.ca>, now michal@harddata.com -@cindex atari -@cindex installation, atari -There are no substantial differences when installing @command{gawk} on -various Atari models. Compiled @command{gawk} executables do not require -a large amount of memory with most @command{awk} programs, and should run on all -Motorola processor-based models (called further ST, even if that is not -exactly right). - -In order to use @command{gawk}, you need to have a shell, either text or -graphics, that does not map all the characters of a command line to -uppercase. Maintaining case distinction in option flags is very -important (@pxref{Options}). -These days this is the default and it may only be a problem for some -very old machines. If your system does not preserve the case of option -flags, you need to upgrade your tools. Support for I/O -redirection is necessary to make it easy to import @command{awk} programs -from other environments. Pipes are nice to have but not vital. - -@menu -* Atari Compiling:: Compiling @command{gawk} on Atari. -* Atari Using:: Running @command{gawk} on Atari. -@end menu - -@node Atari Compiling -@appendixsubsubsec Compiling @command{gawk} on the Atari ST - -A proper compilation of @command{gawk} sources when @code{sizeof(int)} -differs from @code{sizeof(void *)} requires an ISO C compiler. An initial -port was done with @command{gcc}. You may actually prefer executables -where @code{int()}s are four bytes wide but the other variant works as well. - -You may need quite a bit of memory when trying to recompile the @command{gawk} -sources, as some source files (@file{regex.c} in particular) are quite -big. If you run out of memory compiling such a file, try reducing the -optimization level for this particular file, which may help. - -@cindex Linux -@cindex GNU/Linux -With a reasonable shell (Bash will do), you have a pretty good chance -that the @command{configure} utility will succeed, and in particular if -you run GNU/Linux, MiNT or a similar operating system. Otherwise -sample versions of @file{config.h} and @file{Makefile.st} are given in the -@file{atari} subdirectory and can be edited and copied to the -corresponding files in the main source directory. Even if -@command{configure} produces something, it might be advisable to compare -its results with the sample versions and possibly make adjustments. - -Some @command{gawk} source code fragments depend on a preprocessor define -@samp{atarist}. This basically assumes the TOS environment with @command{gcc}. -Modify these sections as appropriate if they are not right for your -environment. Also see the remarks about @env{AWKPATH} and @code{envsep} in -@ref{Atari Using}. - -As shipped, the sample @file{config.h} claims that the @code{system()} -function is missing from the libraries, which is not true, and an -alternative implementation of this function is provided in -@file{unsupported/atari/system.c}. -Depending upon your particular combination of -shell and operating system, you might want to change the file to indicate -that @code{system()} is available. - -@node Atari Using -@appendixsubsubsec Running @command{gawk} on the Atari ST - -An executable version of @command{gawk} should be placed, as usual, -anywhere in your @env{PATH} where your shell can find it. - -While executing, the Atari version of @command{gawk} creates a number of temporary files. When -using @command{gcc} libraries for TOS, @command{gawk} looks for either of -the environment variables, @env{TEMP} or @env{TMPDIR}, in that order. -If either one is found, its value is assumed to be a directory for -temporary files. This directory must exist, and if you can spare the -memory, it is a good idea to put it on a RAM drive. If neither -@env{TEMP} nor @env{TMPDIR} are found, then @command{gawk} uses the -current directory for its temporary files. - -The ST version of @command{gawk} searches for its program files, as described in -@ref{AWKPATH Variable}. -The default value for the @env{AWKPATH} variable is taken from -@code{DEFPATH} defined in @file{Makefile}. The sample @command{gcc}/TOS -@file{Makefile} for the ST in the distribution sets @code{DEFPATH} to -@code{@w{".,c:\lib\awk,c:\gnu\lib\awk"}}. The search path can be -modified by explicitly setting @env{AWKPATH} to whatever you want. -Note that colons cannot be used on the ST to separate elements in the -@env{AWKPATH} variable, since they have another reserved meaning. -Instead, you must use a comma to separate elements in the path. When -recompiling, the separating character can be modified by initializing -the @code{envsep} variable in @file{unsupported/atari/gawkmisc.atr} to another -value. - -Although @command{awk} allows great flexibility in doing I/O redirections -from within a program, this facility should be used with care on the ST -running under TOS. In some circumstances, the OS routines for file-handle -pool processing lose track of certain events, causing the -computer to crash and requiring a reboot. Often a warm reboot is -sufficient. Fortunately, this happens infrequently and in rather -esoteric situations. In particular, avoid having one part of an -@command{awk} program using @code{print} statements explicitly redirected -to @file{/dev/stdout}, while other @code{print} statements use the -default standard output, and a calling shell has redirected standard -output to a file. -@c 10/2000: Is this still true, now that gawk does /dev/stdout internally? - -When @command{gawk} is compiled with the ST version of @command{gcc} and its -usual libraries, it accepts both @samp{/} and @samp{\} as path separators. -While this is convenient, it should be remembered that this removes one -technically valid character (@samp{/}) from your @value{FN}. -It may also create problems for external programs called via the @code{system()} -function, which may not support this convention. Whenever it is possible -that a file created by @command{gawk} will be used by some other program, -use only backslashes. Also remember that in @command{awk}, backslashes in -strings have to be doubled in order to get literal backslashes -(@pxref{Escape Sequences}). - -@node BeOS Installation -@appendixsubsec Installing @command{gawk} on BeOS -@cindex BeOS -@cindex installation, beos - -@c From email contributed by Martin Brown, mc@whoever.com -Since BeOS DR9, all the tools that you should need to build @code{gawk} are -included with BeOS. The process is basically identical to the Unix process -of running @command{configure} and then @command{make}. Full instructions are given below. - -You can compile @command{gawk} under BeOS by extracting the standard sources -and running @command{configure}. You @emph{must} specify the location -prefix for the installation directory. For BeOS DR9 and beyond, the best directory to -use is @file{/boot/home/config}, so the @command{configure} command is: - -@example -configure --prefix=/boot/home/config -@end example - -This installs the compiled application into @file{/boot/home/config/bin}, -which is already specified in the standard @env{PATH}. - -Once the configuration process is completed, you can run @command{make}, -and then @samp{make install}: - -@example -$ make -@dots{} -$ make install -@end example - -BeOS uses Bash as its shell; thus, you use @command{gawk} the same way you would -under Unix. -If these steps do not work, please send in a bug report -(@pxref{Bugs}). - -@node Tandem Installation -@appendixsubsec Installing @command{gawk} on a Tandem -@cindex tandem -@cindex installation, tandem - -The Tandem port is only minimally supported. -The port's contributor no longer has access to a Tandem system. - -@c This section based on README.Tandem by Stephen Davies (scldad@sdc.com.au) -The Tandem port was done on a Cyclone machine running D20. -The port is pretty clean and all facilities seem to work except for -the I/O piping facilities -(@pxref{Getline/Pipe}, -@ref{Getline/Variable/Pipe}, -and -@ref{Redirection}), -which is just too foreign a concept for Tandem. - -To build a Tandem executable from source, download all of the files so -that the @value{FN}s on the Tandem box conform to the restrictions of D20. -For example, @file{array.c} becomes @file{ARRAYC}, and @file{awk.h} -becomes @file{AWKH}. The totally Tandem-specific files are in the -@file{tandem} ``subvolume'' (@file{unsupported/tandem} in the @command{gawk} -distribution) and should be copied to the main source directory before -building @command{gawk}. - -The file @file{compit} can then be used to compile and bind an executable. -Alas, there is no @command{configure} or @command{make}. - -Usage is the same as for Unix, except that D20 requires all @samp{@{} and -@samp{@}} characters to be escaped with @samp{~} on the command line -(but @emph{not} in script files). Also, the standard Tandem syntax for -@samp{/in filename,out filename/} must be used instead of the usual -Unix @samp{<} and @samp{>} for file redirection. (Redirection options -on @code{getline}, @code{print} etc., are supported.) - -The @samp{-mr @var{val}} option -(@pxref{Options}) -has been ``stolen'' to enable Tandem users to process fixed-length -records with no ``end-of-line'' character. That is, @samp{-mr 74} tells -@command{gawk} to read the input file as fixed 74-byte records. @c ENDOFRANGE opgawx @c ENDOFRANGE pcgawon @@ -27884,17 +27544,25 @@ the compiler you used to compile @command{gawk}, and the exact results @command{gawk} gave you. Also say what you expected to occur; this helps us decide whether the problem is really in the documentation. +Please include the version number of @command{gawk} you are using. +You can get this information with the command @samp{gawk --version}. + @cindex @code{bug-gawk@@gnu.org} bug reporting address @cindex email address for bug reports, @code{bug-gawk@@gnu.org} @cindex bug reports, email address, @code{bug-gawk@@gnu.org} Once you have a precise problem, send email to @email{bug-gawk@@gnu.org}. @cindex Robbins, Arnold -Please include the version number of @command{gawk} you are using. -You can get this information with the command @samp{gawk --version}. Using this address automatically sends a carbon copy of your mail to me. If necessary, I can be reached directly at -@email{arnold@@skeeve.com}. The bug reporting address is preferred since the +@c Don't put real address into web pages, to avoid robots, spiders, etc. +@ifhtml +``arnold at skeeve dot com.'' +@end ifhtml +@ifnothtml +@email{arnold@@skeeve.com}. +@end ifnothtml +The bug reporting address is preferred since the email list is archived at the GNU Project. @emph{All email should be in English, since that is my native language.} @@ -27904,6 +27572,7 @@ posting to the Usenet/Internet newsgroup @code{comp.lang.awk}. While the @command{gawk} developers do occasionally read this newsgroup, there is no guarantee that we will see your posting. The steps described above are the official recognized ways for reporting bugs. +Really. @quotation NOTE Many distributions of GNU/Linux and the various BSD-based operating systems @@ -27933,41 +27602,16 @@ The people maintaining the non-Unix ports of @command{gawk} are as follows: @multitable {Tandem (POSIX-compliant)} {123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890} -@ignore -@c Fred is no longer living, sadly. -@cindex Fish, Fred -@item Amiga @tab Fred Fish, @email{fnf@@ninemoons.com}. - -@c not supported -@cindex Brown, Martin -@item BeOS @tab Martin Brown, @email{mc@@whoever.com}. - -@c @cindex Hankerson, Darrel -@item MS-DOS @tab Scott Deifik, @email{scottd.mail@@sbcglobal.net}. -@c and Darrel Hankerson, @email{hankedr@@auburn.edu}. -@end ignore - @cindex Zaretskii, Eli @cindex Deifik, Scott @item MS-Windows using MINGW @tab Eli Zaretskii, @email{eliz@@gnu.org}. @item @tab Scott Deifik, @email{scottd.mail@@sbcglobal.net}. -@c not supported -@ignore -@cindex Grigera, Juan -@item MS-Windows @tab Juan Grigera, @email{juan@@grigera.com.ar}. -@end ignore - @cindex Buening, Andreas @item OS/2 @tab Andreas Buening, @email{andreas.buening@@nexgo.de} -@ignore -@cindex Davies, Stephen -@item Tandem @tab Stephen Davies, @email{scldad@@sdc.com.au}. - @cindex Woehlke, Matthew @item Tandem (POSIX-compliant) @tab Matthew Woehlke, @email{mw_triad@@users.sourceforge.net} -@end ignore @cindex Rankin, Pat @item VMS @tab Pat Rankin, @email{rankin@@pactechdata.com}. @@ -28052,9 +27696,10 @@ no longer has it. A copy has been made available at @uref{http://www.skeeve.com/gawk/mawk1.3.3.tar.gz}. In 2009, Thomas Dickey took on @command{mawk} maintenance. -Basic information is availabe on +Basic information is available on @uref{http://www.invisible-island.net/mawk/mawk.html, the project's web page}. -The download URL is @uref{ftp://invisible-island.net/mawk/mawk.tar.gz}. +The download URL is +@url{http://invisible-island.net/datafiles/release/mawk.tar.gz}. Once you have it, @command{gunzip} may be used to decompress this file. Installation @@ -28124,8 +27769,11 @@ It also has a number of extensions. The @command{awk} translator is released under the GPL, and the library is under the LGPL. -To get @command{awka}, go to @uref{http://awka.sourceforge.net}. -You can reach Andrew Sumner at @email{andrew@@zbcom.net}. +To get @command{awka}, go to @url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/awka}. +@c You can reach Andrew Sumner at @email{andrew@@zbcom.net}. + +The project seems to be frozen; no new code changes have been made +since approximately 2003. @cindex Beebe, Nelson H.F.@: @cindex @command{pawk} profiling Bell Labs @command{awk} @@ -28144,6 +27792,7 @@ or @cindex Solaris, POSIX compliant @command{awk} @item The OpenSolaris POSIX @command{awk} The version of @command{awk} in @file{/usr/xpg4/bin} on Solaris is +more-or-less POSIX compliant. It is based on the @command{awk} from Mortice Kern Systems for PCs. The source code can be downloaded from the @uref{http://www.opensolaris.org, OpenSolaris web site}. @@ -30612,8 +30261,9 @@ Base-eight notation, where the digits are @code{0}--@code{7}. Octal numbers are written in C using a leading @samp{0}, to indicate their base. Thus, @code{013} is 11 (one times 8 plus 3). +@cindex P1003.1 POSIX standard @cindex P1003.2 POSIX standard -@item P1003.2 +@item P1003.1, P1003.2 See ``POSIX.'' @item Pattern @@ -30631,9 +30281,7 @@ The name for a series of standards that specify a Portable Operating System interface. The ``IX'' denotes the Unix heritage of these standards. The main standard of interest for @command{awk} users is -@cite{IEEE Standard for Information Technology, Standard 1003.2-1992, -Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities}. -Informally, this standard is often referred to as simply ``P1003.2.'' +@cite{IEEE Standard for Information Technology, Standard 1003.1-2008}. @item Precedence The order in which operations are performed when operators are used |