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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 771 |
1 files changed, 347 insertions, 424 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 14d34a98..b57abbd3 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -12380,24 +12380,6 @@ brackets ([ ]): truncated toward zero. For example, 'int(3)' is 3, 'int(3.9)' is 3, 'int(-3.9)' is -3, and 'int(-3)' is -3 as well. -'intdiv(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' - Perform integer division, similar to the standard C 'div()' - function. First, truncate 'numerator' and 'denominator' towards - zero, creating integer values. Clear the 'result' array, and then - set 'result["quotient"]' to the result of 'numerator / - denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set - 'result["remainder"]' to the result of 'numerator % denominator', - truncated towards zero to an integer. Attempting division by zero - causes a fatal error. The function returns zero upon success, and - -1 upon error. - - This function is primarily intended for use with arbitrary length - integers; it avoids creating MPFR arbitrary precision - floating-point values (*note Arbitrary Precision Integers::). - - This function is a 'gawk' extension. It is not available in - compatibility mode (*note Options::). - 'log(X)' Return the natural logarithm of X, if X is positive; otherwise, return 'NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally, @@ -23194,59 +23176,7 @@ the following: When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either '/' or '%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point value -(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In order to -do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision integers, use -the built-in 'intdiv()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). - - You can simulate the 'intdiv()' function in standard 'awk' using this -user-defined function: - - # intdiv --- do integer division - - function intdiv(numerator, denominator, result) - { - split("", result) - - numerator = int(numerator) - denominator = int(denominator) - result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) - result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) - - return 0.0 - } - - The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses -'intdiv()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose -to set: - - # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi - - BEGIN { - digits = 100000 - two = 2 * 10 ^ digits - pi = two - for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { - d = m * 2 + 1 - x = pi * m - intdiv(x, d, result) - pi = result["quotient"] - pi = pi + two - } - print pi - } - - When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: - - It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's - Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take a - look at lines (23) - (25) here: - <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html>. - - The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works - from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP - calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory - devices with smallish word sizes. See - <http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899>. +(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -27521,9 +27451,6 @@ current version of 'gawk'. - The 'bindtextdomain()', 'dcgettext()', and 'dcngettext()' functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::) - - The 'intdiv()' function for doing integer division and - remainder (*note Numeric Functions::) - * Changes and/or additions in the command-line options: - The 'AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path @@ -27986,8 +27913,6 @@ POSIX 'awk', in the order they were added to 'gawk'. * The 'igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed when 'gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::. - * The 'intdiv()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::. - * The maximum number of hexadecimal digits in '\x' escapes is now two. *Note Escape Sequences::. @@ -34397,8 +34322,6 @@ Index * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90) * int: Numeric Functions. (line 24) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* intdiv: Numeric Functions. (line 29) -* intdiv <1>: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -34548,9 +34471,9 @@ Index * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -35013,12 +34936,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 52) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 34) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 52) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 82) + (line 34) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 64) @@ -35196,7 +35119,7 @@ Index * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22) * sed utility <1>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility <2>: Glossary. (line 16) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 82) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 9) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines. (line 90) @@ -35300,8 +35223,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 93) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 93) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 75) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 75) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -35351,10 +35274,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 116) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 96) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 96) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 100) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 78) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 82) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard: Manual History. (line 6) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Acknowledgments. (line 18) @@ -35919,340 +35842,340 @@ Node: Functions520966 Node: Built-in522004 Node: Calling Built-in523085 Node: Numeric Functions525081 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1530026 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2530383 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3530431 -Node: String Functions530703 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1554361 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2554489 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3554737 -Node: Gory Details554824 -Ref: table-sub-escapes556615 -Ref: table-sub-proposed558134 -Ref: table-posix-sub559497 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes561038 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1561861 -Node: I/O Functions562015 -Ref: table-system-return-values568597 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1570577 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2570725 -Node: Time Functions570845 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1581512 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2581580 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3581738 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4581849 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5581961 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6582188 -Node: Bitwise Functions582454 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops583048 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1589081 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2589254 -Node: Type Functions589445 -Node: I18N Functions592120 -Node: User-defined593771 -Node: Definition Syntax594576 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1600263 -Node: Function Example600334 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1603256 -Node: Function Caveats603278 -Node: Calling A Function603796 -Node: Variable Scope604754 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference607748 -Node: Return Statement611247 -Node: Dynamic Typing614226 -Node: Indirect Calls615156 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1625407 -Node: Functions Summary625535 -Node: Library Functions628240 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1631847 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2631990 -Node: Library Names632161 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1635621 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2635844 -Node: General Functions635930 -Node: Strtonum Function637033 -Node: Assert Function640055 -Node: Round Function643381 -Node: Cliff Random 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Array Sorting Functions816089 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1821180 -Node: Two-way I/O821376 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1827927 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2828114 -Node: TCP/IP Networking828196 -Node: Profiling831314 -Ref: Profiling-Footnote-1839986 -Node: Advanced Features Summary840309 -Node: Internationalization842153 -Node: I18N and L10N843633 -Node: Explaining gettext844320 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1850212 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2850397 -Node: Programmer i18n850562 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1855511 -Node: Translator i18n855560 -Node: String Extraction856354 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1857486 -Node: Printf Ordering857572 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1860358 -Node: I18N Portability860422 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1862878 -Node: I18N Example862941 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1865747 -Node: Gawk I18N865820 -Node: I18N Summary866465 -Node: Debugger867806 -Node: Debugging868828 -Node: Debugging Concepts869269 -Node: Debugging Terms871078 -Node: Awk Debugging873653 -Node: Sample Debugging Session874559 -Node: Debugger Invocation875093 -Node: Finding The Bug876479 -Node: List of Debugger Commands882957 -Node: Breakpoint Control884290 -Node: Debugger Execution Control887984 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data891346 -Node: Execution Stack894720 -Node: Debugger Info896357 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands900428 -Node: Readline Support905516 -Node: Limitations906412 -Node: Debugging Summary908521 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic909800 -Node: Computer Arithmetic911216 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges914807 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1915529 -Node: Math Definitions915586 -Ref: table-ieee-formats918900 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1919503 -Node: MPFR features919608 -Node: FP Math Caution921325 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1922397 -Node: Inexactness of computations922766 -Node: Inexact representation923726 -Node: Comparing FP Values925086 -Node: Errors accumulate926168 -Node: Getting Accuracy927601 -Node: Try To 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Extension summary1097637 -Node: Extension Exercises1101339 -Node: Language History1102837 -Node: V7/SVR3.11104493 -Node: SVR41106645 -Node: POSIX1108079 -Node: BTL1109458 -Node: POSIX/GNU1110187 -Node: Feature History1116079 -Node: Common Extensions1130449 -Node: Ranges and Locales1131732 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11136348 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21136375 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31136610 -Node: Contributors1136831 -Node: History summary1142391 -Node: Installation1143771 -Node: Gawk Distribution1144715 -Node: Getting1145199 -Node: Extracting1146160 -Node: Distribution contents1147798 -Node: Unix Installation1154140 -Node: Quick Installation1154822 -Node: Shell Startup Files1157236 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1158325 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1160314 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1162683 -Node: PC Installation1163143 -Node: PC Binary Installation1163981 -Node: PC Compiling1164416 -Node: PC Using1165533 -Node: Cygwin1168578 -Node: MSYS1169348 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+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1630930 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2631073 +Node: Library Names631244 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1634704 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2634927 +Node: General Functions635013 +Node: Strtonum Function636116 +Node: Assert Function639138 +Node: Round Function642464 +Node: Cliff Random Function644005 +Node: Ordinal Functions645021 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1648084 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2648336 +Node: Join Function648546 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1650316 +Node: Getlocaltime Function650516 +Node: Readfile Function654258 +Node: Shell Quoting656230 +Node: Data File Management657631 +Node: Filetrans Function658263 +Node: Rewind Function662359 +Node: File Checking664265 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1665599 +Node: Empty Files665800 +Node: Ignoring Assigns667779 +Node: Getopt Function669329 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1680798 +Node: Passwd Functions680998 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1689837 +Node: Group Functions689925 +Ref: Group 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+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1918586 +Node: MPFR features918691 +Node: FP Math Caution920408 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1921480 +Node: Inexactness of computations921849 +Node: Inexact representation922809 +Node: Comparing FP Values924169 +Node: Errors accumulate925251 +Node: Getting Accuracy926684 +Node: Try To Round929394 +Node: Setting precision930293 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings930990 +Node: Setting the rounding mode932820 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes933194 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1936602 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers936781 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1939968 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems940117 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1943999 +Node: Floating point summary944037 +Node: Dynamic Extensions946227 +Node: Extension Intro947780 +Node: Plugin License949046 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline949843 +Ref: figure-load-extension950282 +Ref: figure-register-new-function951847 +Ref: figure-call-new-function952939 +Node: Extension API Description955001 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction956643 +Node: General Data Types961977 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1969182 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions969481 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1972326 +Node: Constructor Functions972425 +Node: Registration Functions975424 +Node: Extension Functions976109 +Node: Exit Callback Functions981322 +Node: Extension Version String982572 +Node: Input Parsers983235 +Node: Output Wrappers995942 +Node: Two-way processors1000454 +Node: Printing Messages1002719 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11003890 +Node: Updating ERRNO1004043 +Node: Requesting Values1004782 +Ref: table-value-types-returned1005519 +Node: Accessing Parameters1006455 +Node: Symbol Table Access1007690 +Node: Symbol table by name1008202 +Node: Symbol table by cookie1009991 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11014176 +Node: Cached values1014240 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11017776 +Node: Array Manipulation1017867 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11018958 +Node: Array Data Types1018995 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11021653 +Node: Array Functions1021745 +Node: Flattening Arrays1026144 +Node: Creating Arrays1033085 +Node: Redirection API1037854 +Node: Extension API Variables1040696 +Node: Extension Versioning1041329 +Ref: gawk-api-version1041766 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1043494 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1044558 +Node: Changes from API V11048420 +Node: Finding Extensions1049080 +Node: Extension Example1049639 +Node: Internal File Description1050437 +Node: Internal File Ops1054517 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11065917 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1066057 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11068440 +Node: Extension Samples1068714 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1070243 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1077892 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1079379 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1080597 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1083807 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1084643 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1085532 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1086337 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1086926 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1087666 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1089608 +Node: Extension Sample Time1090703 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1092051 +Node: gawkextlib1092543 +Node: Extension summary1094990 +Node: Extension Exercises1098692 +Node: Language History1100190 +Node: V7/SVR3.11101846 +Node: SVR41103998 +Node: POSIX1105432 +Node: BTL1106811 +Node: POSIX/GNU1107540 +Node: Feature History1113318 +Node: Common Extensions1127629 +Node: Ranges and Locales1128912 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11133528 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21133555 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31133790 +Node: Contributors1134011 +Node: History summary1139571 +Node: Installation1140951 +Node: Gawk Distribution1141895 +Node: Getting1142379 +Node: Extracting1143340 +Node: Distribution contents1144978 +Node: Unix Installation1151320 +Node: Quick Installation1152002 +Node: Shell Startup Files1154416 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1155505 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1157494 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1159863 +Node: PC Installation1160323 +Node: PC Binary Installation1161161 +Node: PC Compiling1161596 +Node: PC Using1162713 +Node: Cygwin1165758 +Node: MSYS1166528 +Node: VMS Installation1167029 +Node: VMS Compilation1167820 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11169049 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1169107 +Node: VMS Installation Details1170792 +Node: VMS Running1173045 +Node: VMS GNV1177324 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1178059 +Node: Bugs1178530 +Node: Bug address1179193 +Node: Usenet1181590 +Node: Maintainers1182367 +Node: Other Versions1183743 +Node: Installation summary1190327 +Node: Notes1191362 +Node: Compatibility Mode1192227 +Node: Additions1193009 +Node: Accessing The Source1193934 +Node: Adding Code1195369 +Node: New Ports1201587 +Node: Derived Files1206075 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11211560 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21211595 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31212193 +Node: Future Extensions1212307 +Node: Implementation Limitations1212965 +Node: Extension Design1214148 +Node: Old Extension Problems1215302 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11216820 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1216877 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11220241 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1220430 +Node: Extension Future Growth1222543 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1223379 +Node: Notes summary1225142 +Node: Basic Concepts1226324 +Node: Basic High Level1227005 +Ref: figure-general-flow1227287 +Ref: figure-process-flow1227972 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11231273 +Node: Basic Data Typing1231458 +Node: Glossary1234786 +Node: Copying1266733 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1304272 +Node: Index1329390 End Tag Table |