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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 784 |
1 files changed, 395 insertions, 389 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 872e31fa..be5ad390 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -7566,7 +7566,7 @@ Advanced Notes: Syntactic Ambiguities Between `/=' and Regular Expressions There is a syntactic ambiguity between the `/=' assignment operator and regexp constants whose first character is an `='. (d.c.) This is most -notable in commercial `awk' versions. For example: +notable in some commercial `awk' versions. For example: $ awk /==/ /dev/null error--> awk: syntax error at source line 1 @@ -9362,7 +9362,7 @@ statement accomplishes this much more efficiently. In `gawk', execution of `nextfile' causes additional things to happen: any `ENDFILE' rules are executed except in the case as mentioned below, `ARGIND' is incremented, and any `BEGINFILE' rules are -executed (`ARGIND' hasn't been introduced yet. *Note Built-in +executed. (`ARGIND' hasn't been introduced yet. *Note Built-in Variables::.) With `gawk', `nextfile' is useful inside a `BEGINFILE' rule to skip @@ -9874,9 +9874,15 @@ with a pound sign (`#'). groups that the process has. Use the `in' operator to test for these elements (*note Reference to Elements::). - The `PROCINFO' array is also used to cause coprocesses to - communicate over pseudo-ttys instead of through two-way pipes; - this is discussed further in *note Two-way I/O::. + The `PROCINFO' array has the following additional uses: + + * It may be used to cause coprocesses to communicate over + pseudo-ttys instead of through two-way pipes; this is + discussed further in *note Two-way I/O::. + + * It may be used to provide a timeout when reading from any + open input file, pipe, or coprocess. *Note Read Timeout::, + for more information. This array is a `gawk' extension. In other `awk' implementations, or if `gawk' is in compatibility mode (*note Options::), it is not @@ -29471,7 +29477,7 @@ Index (line 67) * advanced features, data files as single record: Records. (line 180) * advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 9) -* advanced features, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 295) +* advanced features, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 301) * advanced features, gawk: Advanced Features. (line 6) * advanced features, gawk, network programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) @@ -29977,7 +29983,7 @@ Index (line 47) * dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 93) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 295) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 301) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -30180,7 +30186,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, regular expressions: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: Records. (line 172) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 246) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 252) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -30189,7 +30195,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: Records. (line 192) * differences in awk and gawk, strtonum() function (gawk): String Functions. (line 404) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 254) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 260) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 162) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -30455,7 +30461,7 @@ Index * floating-point, numbers: General Arithmetic. (line 6) * FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 103) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 295) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 301) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, in arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * format specifiers, mixing regular with positional specifiers: Printf Ordering. @@ -30623,7 +30629,7 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 246) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 252) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * gawk, RT variable in <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -30632,7 +30638,7 @@ Index * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 254) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 260) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 162) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 36) @@ -31040,7 +31046,7 @@ Index * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 125) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 295) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 301) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -31466,7 +31472,7 @@ Index * right angle bracket (>), >> operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 50) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 55) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 233) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 239) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 223) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) @@ -31493,9 +31499,9 @@ Index * RS variable: Records. (line 20) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift() function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 52) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 239) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 245) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 223) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 246) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 252) * RT variable <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * RT variable <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -31689,7 +31695,7 @@ Index * substr() function: String Functions. (line 481) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 64) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 254) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 260) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system() function: I/O Functions. (line 72) @@ -32080,377 +32086,377 @@ Node: Concatenation318498 Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321291 Node: Assignment Ops321411 Ref: table-assign-ops326399 -Node: Increment Ops327807 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions331277 -Node: Truth Values332360 -Node: Typing and Comparison333409 -Node: Variable Typing334198 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338095 -Node: Comparison Operators338217 -Ref: table-relational-ops338627 -Node: POSIX String Comparison342176 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343132 -Node: Boolean Ops343270 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347348 -Node: Conditional Exp347439 -Node: Function Calls349171 -Node: Precedence352765 -Node: Locales356434 -Node: Patterns and Actions357523 -Node: Pattern Overview358577 -Node: Regexp Patterns360246 -Node: Expression Patterns360789 -Node: Ranges364474 -Node: BEGIN/END367440 -Node: Using BEGIN/END368202 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370933 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END371039 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373321 -Node: Empty376225 -Node: Using Shell Variables376541 -Node: Action Overview378826 -Node: Statements381183 -Node: If Statement383037 -Node: While Statement384536 -Node: Do Statement386580 -Node: For Statement387736 -Node: Switch Statement390888 -Node: Break Statement392985 -Node: Continue Statement394975 -Node: Next Statement396768 -Node: Nextfile Statement399158 -Node: Exit Statement401799 -Node: Built-in Variables404215 -Node: User-modified405310 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413665 -Node: Auto-set413727 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1426078 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2426283 -Node: ARGC and ARGV426339 -Node: Arrays430190 -Node: Array Basics431695 -Node: Array Intro432521 -Node: Reference to Elements436839 -Node: Assigning Elements439109 -Node: Array Example439600 -Node: Scanning an Array441332 -Node: Controlling Scanning443646 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1448579 -Node: Delete448895 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1451660 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts451717 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts453900 -Node: Multi-dimensional455528 -Node: Multi-scanning458622 -Node: Arrays of Arrays460213 -Node: Functions464858 -Node: Built-in465677 -Node: Calling Built-in466755 -Node: Numeric Functions468743 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1472575 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2472932 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3472980 -Node: String Functions473249 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1496746 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2496875 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497123 -Node: Gory Details497210 -Ref: table-sub-escapes498889 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92500243 -Ref: table-sub-proposed501594 -Ref: table-posix-sub502948 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes504493 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1505700 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2505751 -Node: I/O Functions505902 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513007 -Node: Time Functions513154 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524087 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524155 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524313 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524424 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524536 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6524763 -Node: Bitwise Functions525029 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops525587 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1529808 -Node: Type Functions529992 -Node: I18N Functions530462 -Node: User-defined532089 -Node: Definition Syntax532893 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1537803 -Node: Function Example537872 -Node: Function Caveats540466 -Node: Calling A Function540887 -Node: Variable Scope542002 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference544965 -Node: Return Statement548405 -Node: Dynamic Typing551386 -Node: Indirect Calls552317 -Node: Library Functions562002 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1565515 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2565658 -Node: Library Names565829 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1569300 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2569520 -Node: General Functions569606 -Node: Strtonum Function570559 -Node: Assert Function573489 -Node: Round Function576815 -Node: Cliff Random Function578358 -Node: Ordinal Functions579374 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1582444 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2582696 -Node: Join Function582905 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1584676 -Node: Getlocaltime Function584876 -Node: Data File Management588591 -Node: Filetrans Function589223 -Node: Rewind Function593362 -Node: File Checking594749 -Node: Empty Files595843 -Node: Ignoring Assigns598073 -Node: Getopt Function599626 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1610930 -Node: Passwd Functions611133 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1620108 -Node: Group Functions620196 -Node: Walking Arrays628280 -Node: Sample Programs629849 -Node: Running Examples630526 -Node: Clones631254 -Node: Cut Program632478 -Node: Egrep Program642323 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1650096 -Node: Id Program650206 -Node: Split Program653822 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1657341 -Node: Tee Program657469 -Node: Uniq Program660272 -Node: Wc Program667701 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1671967 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2672167 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs672259 -Node: Dupword Program673447 -Node: Alarm Program675478 -Node: 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Patterns and Actions357528 +Node: Pattern Overview358582 +Node: Regexp Patterns360251 +Node: Expression Patterns360794 +Node: Ranges364479 +Node: BEGIN/END367445 +Node: Using BEGIN/END368207 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370938 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END371044 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373326 +Node: Empty376230 +Node: Using Shell Variables376546 +Node: Action Overview378831 +Node: Statements381188 +Node: If Statement383042 +Node: While Statement384541 +Node: Do Statement386585 +Node: For Statement387741 +Node: Switch Statement390893 +Node: Break Statement392990 +Node: Continue Statement394980 +Node: Next Statement396773 +Node: Nextfile Statement399163 +Node: Exit Statement401806 +Node: Built-in Variables404222 +Node: User-modified405317 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413672 +Node: Auto-set413734 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1426314 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2426519 +Node: ARGC and ARGV426575 +Node: Arrays430426 +Node: Array Basics431931 +Node: Array Intro432757 +Node: Reference to Elements437075 +Node: Assigning Elements439345 +Node: Array Example439836 +Node: Scanning an Array441568 +Node: Controlling Scanning443882 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1448815 +Node: Delete449131 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1451896 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts451953 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts454136 +Node: Multi-dimensional455764 +Node: Multi-scanning458858 +Node: Arrays of Arrays460449 +Node: Functions465094 +Node: Built-in465913 +Node: Calling Built-in466991 +Node: Numeric Functions468979 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1472811 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2473168 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473216 +Node: String Functions473485 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1496982 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497111 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497359 +Node: Gory Details497446 +Ref: table-sub-escapes499125 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92500479 +Ref: table-sub-proposed501830 +Ref: table-posix-sub503184 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes504729 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1505936 +Ref: Gory 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Split Program654058 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1657577 +Node: Tee Program657705 +Node: Uniq Program660508 +Node: Wc Program667937 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1672203 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2672403 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs672495 +Node: Dupword Program673683 +Node: Alarm Program675714 +Node: Translate Program680463 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1684850 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2685078 +Node: Labels Program685212 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1688583 +Node: Word Sorting688667 +Node: History Sorting692551 +Node: Extract Program694390 +Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1701891 +Node: Simple Sed702019 +Node: Igawk Program705081 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1720238 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2720439 +Node: Anagram Program720577 +Node: Signature Program723645 +Node: Internationalization724745 +Node: I18N and L10N726177 +Node: Explaining gettext726863 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1731929 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2732113 +Node: Programmer i18n732278 +Node: Translator i18n736478 +Node: String Extraction737271 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1738232 +Node: Printf Ordering738318 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1741102 +Node: I18N Portability741166 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1743615 +Node: I18N Example743678 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1746313 +Node: Gawk I18N746385 +Node: Advanced Features747002 +Node: Nondecimal Data748506 +Node: Array Sorting750089 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal750786 +Node: Array Sorting Functions759024 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1762698 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-2762791 +Node: Two-way I/O762985 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1768417 +Node: TCP/IP Networking768487 +Node: Profiling771331 +Node: Debugger778785 +Node: Debugging779753 +Node: Debugging Concepts780186 +Node: Debugging Terms782042 +Node: Awk Debugging784639 +Node: Sample Debugging Session785531 +Node: Debugger Invocation786051 +Node: Finding The Bug787380 +Node: List of Debugger Commands793868 +Node: Breakpoint Control795202 +Node: Debugger Execution Control798866 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data802226 +Node: Execution Stack805582 +Node: Debugger Info807049 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands811031 +Node: Readline Support816476 +Node: Limitations817307 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic819559 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1821201 +Node: General Arithmetic821349 +Node: Floating Point Issues823069 +Node: String Conversion Precision823950 +Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1825656 +Node: Unexpected Results825765 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems827918 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1831743 +Node: Integer Programming831781 +Node: Floating-point Programming833534 +Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1839843 +Node: Floating-point Representation840107 +Node: Floating-point Context841272 +Ref: table-ieee-formats842114 +Node: Rounding Mode843498 +Ref: table-rounding-modes843977 +Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1846981 +Node: Gawk and MPFR847162 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats848404 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1850833 +Node: Setting Precision851144 +Node: Setting Rounding Mode853877 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes854281 +Node: Floating-point Constants855461 +Node: Changing Precision856885 +Ref: Changing Precision-Footnote-1858285 +Node: Exact Arithmetic858459 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers861567 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1864567 +Node: Dynamic Extensions864714 +Node: Extension Intro866091 +Node: Plugin License867299 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline867984 +Ref: load-extension868401 +Ref: load-new-function869879 +Ref: call-new-function870874 +Node: Extension API Description872882 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction874221 +Node: General Data Types878999 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1884601 +Node: Requesting Values884900 +Ref: table-value-types-returned885631 +Node: Constructor Functions886585 +Node: Registration Functions889581 +Node: Extension Functions890266 +Node: Exit Callback Functions892440 +Node: Extension Version String893683 +Node: Input Parsers894333 +Node: Output Wrappers904050 +Node: Two-way processors908466 +Node: Printing Messages910596 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1911673 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'911825 +Node: Accessing Parameters912564 +Node: Symbol Table Access913794 +Node: Symbol table by name914306 +Node: Symbol table by cookie915879 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1920008 +Node: Cached values920071 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1923514 +Node: Array Manipulation923605 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1924703 +Node: Array Data Types924742 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1927445 +Node: Array Functions927537 +Node: Flattening Arrays931303 +Node: Creating Arrays938142 +Node: Extension API Variables942937 +Node: Extension Versioning943573 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables945474 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate946560 +Node: Finding Extensions950391 +Node: Extension Example950938 +Node: Internal File Description951676 +Node: Internal File Ops955364 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1966811 +Node: Using Internal File Ops966951 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-1969304 +Node: Extension Samples969570 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions971094 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch979567 +Node: Extension Sample Fork981293 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace982511 +Node: Extension Sample Ord984303 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir985082 +Node: Extension Sample Revout986586 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way987179 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array987869 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile989752 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests990509 +Node: Extension Sample Time991034 +Node: gawkextlib992341 +Node: Language History994722 +Node: V7/SVR3.1996244 +Node: SVR4998565 +Node: POSIX1000007 +Node: BTL1001015 +Node: POSIX/GNU1001820 +Node: Common Extensions1007355 +Node: Ranges and Locales1008462 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11013080 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21013107 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31013367 +Node: Contributors1013588 +Node: Installation1017884 +Node: Gawk Distribution1018778 +Node: Getting1019262 +Node: Extracting1020088 +Node: Distribution contents1021780 +Node: Unix Installation1027041 +Node: Quick Installation1027658 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1029620 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1031097 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1033439 +Node: PC Installation1033897 +Node: PC Binary Installation1035196 +Node: PC Compiling1037044 +Node: PC Testing1039988 +Node: PC Using1041164 +Node: Cygwin1045349 +Node: MSYS1046349 +Node: VMS Installation1046863 +Node: VMS Compilation1047466 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11048473 +Node: VMS Installation Details1048531 +Node: VMS Running1050166 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1051773 +Node: Bugs1052247 +Node: Other Versions1056099 +Node: Notes1061429 +Node: Compatibility Mode1062229 +Node: Additions1063012 +Node: Accessing The Source1063939 +Node: Adding Code1065542 +Node: New Ports1071584 +Node: Derived Files1075719 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11081040 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21081074 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31081674 +Node: Future Extensions1081772 +Node: Implementation Limitations1082353 +Node: Extension Design1083605 +Node: Old Extension Problems1084754 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11086262 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1086319 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11089678 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1089864 +Node: Extension Future Growth1091970 +Node: Old Extension Mechansim1092791 +Node: Basic Concepts1094548 +Node: Basic High Level1095229 +Ref: figure-general-flow1095500 +Ref: figure-process-flow1096099 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11099328 +Node: Basic Data Typing1099513 +Node: Glossary1102868 +Node: Copying1128179 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1165736 +Node: Index1190873 End Tag Table |