diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1188 |
1 files changed, 595 insertions, 593 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index b026efc6..c86b9666 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -171,6 +171,8 @@ in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled * Regexp Usage:: How to Use Regular Expressions. * Escape Sequences:: How to write nonprinting characters. * Regexp Operators:: Regular Expression Operators. +* Regexp Operator Details:: The actual details. +* Interval Expressions:: Notes on interval expressions. * Bracket Expressions:: What can go between '[...]'. * Leftmost Longest:: How much text matches. * Computed Regexps:: Using Dynamic Regexps. @@ -36869,598 +36871,598 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1200 -Node: Foreword344133 -Node: Foreword448575 -Node: Preface50107 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-152966 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-253073 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-353307 -Node: History53449 -Node: Names55801 -Ref: Names-Footnote-156895 -Node: This Manual57042 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-163681 -Node: Conventions63781 -Node: Manual History66136 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169133 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269174 -Node: How To Contribute69248 -Node: Acknowledgments70174 -Node: Getting Started75082 -Node: Running gawk77521 -Node: One-shot78711 -Node: Read Terminal79974 -Node: Long81967 -Node: Executable Scripts83480 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186275 -Node: Comments86378 -Node: Quoting88862 -Node: DOS Quoting94379 -Node: Sample Data Files96435 -Node: Very Simple99030 -Node: Two Rules103932 -Node: More Complex105817 -Node: Statements/Lines108683 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1113142 -Node: Other Features113407 -Node: When114343 -Ref: When-Footnote-1116097 -Node: Intro Summary116162 -Node: Invoking Gawk117046 -Node: Command Line118560 -Node: Options119358 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1136436 -Ref: Options-Footnote-2136667 -Node: Other Arguments136692 -Node: Naming Standard Input139639 -Node: Environment Variables140849 -Node: AWKPATH Variable141407 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1144819 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2144853 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable145114 -Node: Other Environment Variables146772 -Node: Exit Status150593 -Node: Include Files151270 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries154960 -Node: Obsolete156388 -Node: Undocumented157080 -Node: Invoking Summary157377 -Node: Regexp159037 -Node: Regexp Usage160491 -Node: Escape Sequences162528 -Node: Regexp Operators168760 -Node: Regexp Operator Details169245 -Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1175367 -Node: Interval Expressions175514 -Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1176949 -Node: Bracket Expressions177047 -Ref: table-char-classes179523 -Node: Leftmost Longest182849 -Node: Computed Regexps184152 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators187579 -Node: Case-sensitivity191258 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1194145 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2194380 -Node: Regexp Summary194488 -Node: Reading Files195954 -Node: Records198223 -Node: awk split records199298 -Node: gawk split records204573 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1209159 -Node: Fields209196 -Node: Nonconstant Fields211937 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1214173 -Node: Changing Fields214377 -Node: Field Separators220408 -Node: Default Field Splitting223106 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting224224 -Node: Single Character Fields227577 -Node: Command Line Field Separator228637 -Node: Full Line Fields231855 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1233377 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2233423 -Node: Field Splitting Summary233524 -Node: Constant Size235598 -Node: Fixed width data236330 -Node: Skipping intervening239797 -Node: Allowing trailing data240595 -Node: Fields with fixed data241632 -Node: Splitting By Content243150 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1246800 -Node: Testing field creation246963 -Node: Multiple Line248588 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1254472 -Node: Getline254651 -Node: Plain Getline257120 -Node: Getline/Variable259761 -Node: Getline/File260912 -Node: Getline/Variable/File262300 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1263905 -Node: Getline/Pipe263993 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe266700 -Node: Getline/Coprocess267835 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess269102 -Node: Getline Notes269844 -Node: Getline Summary272641 -Ref: table-getline-variants273065 -Node: Read Timeout273813 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1277719 -Node: Retrying Input277777 -Node: Command-line directories278976 -Node: Input Summary279882 -Node: Input Exercises283054 -Node: Printing283782 -Node: Print285616 -Node: Print Examples287073 -Node: Output Separators289853 -Node: OFMT291870 -Node: Printf293226 -Node: Basic Printf294011 -Node: Control Letters295585 -Node: Format Modifiers300749 -Node: Printf Examples306764 -Node: Redirection309250 -Node: Special FD316091 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1319259 -Node: Special Files319333 -Node: Other Inherited Files319950 -Node: Special Network320951 -Node: Special Caveats321811 -Node: Close Files And Pipes322760 -Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values329667 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1330480 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2330628 -Node: Nonfatal330780 -Node: Output Summary333118 -Node: Output Exercises334340 -Node: Expressions335019 -Node: Values336207 -Node: Constants336885 -Node: Scalar Constants337576 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1340100 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers340350 -Node: Regexp Constants343351 -Node: Using Constant Regexps343877 -Node: Standard Regexp Constants344499 -Node: Strong Regexp Constants347687 -Node: Variables350645 -Node: Using Variables351302 -Node: Assignment Options353212 -Node: Conversion355679 -Node: Strings And Numbers356203 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1359266 -Node: Locale influences conversions359375 -Ref: table-locale-affects362133 -Node: All Operators362751 -Node: Arithmetic Ops363380 -Node: Concatenation365886 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1368733 -Node: Assignment Ops368840 -Ref: table-assign-ops373831 -Node: Increment Ops375144 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions378604 -Node: Truth Values379678 -Node: Typing and Comparison380726 -Node: Variable Typing381546 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1388009 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2388081 -Node: Comparison Operators388158 -Ref: table-relational-ops388577 -Node: POSIX String Comparison392072 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1393767 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2393906 -Node: Boolean Ops393990 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1398472 -Node: Conditional Exp398564 -Node: Function Calls400300 -Node: Precedence404177 -Node: Locales407836 -Node: Expressions Summary409468 -Node: Patterns and Actions412041 -Node: Pattern Overview413161 -Node: Regexp Patterns414838 -Node: Expression Patterns415380 -Node: Ranges419161 -Node: BEGIN/END422269 -Node: Using BEGIN/END423030 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1425766 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END425872 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE428186 -Node: Empty431099 -Node: Using Shell Variables431416 -Node: Action Overview433690 -Node: Statements436015 -Node: If Statement437863 -Node: While Statement439358 -Node: Do Statement441386 -Node: For Statement442534 -Node: Switch Statement445705 -Node: Break Statement448091 -Node: Continue Statement450183 -Node: Next Statement452010 -Node: Nextfile Statement454393 -Node: Exit Statement457045 -Node: Built-in Variables459448 -Node: User-modified460581 -Node: Auto-set468348 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1485155 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2485361 -Node: ARGC and ARGV485417 -Node: Pattern Action Summary489630 -Node: Arrays492060 -Node: Array Basics493389 -Node: Array Intro494233 -Ref: figure-array-elements496208 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1498912 -Node: Reference to Elements499040 -Node: Assigning Elements501504 -Node: Array Example501995 -Node: Scanning an Array503754 -Node: Controlling Scanning506776 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1512175 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts512491 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts514675 -Node: Delete516294 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1519046 -Node: Multidimensional519103 -Node: Multiscanning522198 -Node: Arrays of Arrays523789 -Node: Arrays Summary528557 -Node: Functions530650 -Node: Built-in531688 -Node: Calling Built-in532769 -Node: Numeric Functions534765 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1538793 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2539438 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3539486 -Node: String Functions539758 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1563616 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2563744 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3563992 -Node: Gory Details564079 -Ref: table-sub-escapes565870 -Ref: table-sub-proposed567389 -Ref: table-posix-sub568752 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes570293 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1571116 -Node: I/O Functions571270 -Ref: table-system-return-values577738 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1579818 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2579966 -Node: Time Functions580086 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1590757 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2590825 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3590983 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4591094 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5591206 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6591433 -Node: Bitwise Functions591699 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops592293 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1598356 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2598529 -Node: Type Functions598720 -Node: I18N Functions601471 -Node: User-defined603122 -Node: Definition Syntax603934 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1609621 -Node: Function Example609692 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1612614 -Node: Function Calling612636 -Node: Calling A Function613224 -Node: Variable Scope614182 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference617176 -Node: Function Caveats619820 -Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1621867 -Node: Return Statement621987 -Node: Dynamic Typing624966 -Node: Indirect Calls625896 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1636148 -Node: Functions Summary636276 -Node: Library Functions638981 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1642588 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2642731 -Node: Library Names642902 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1646569 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2646792 -Node: General Functions646878 -Node: Strtonum Function647981 -Node: Assert Function651003 -Node: Round Function654329 -Node: Cliff Random Function655869 -Node: Ordinal Functions656885 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1659948 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2660200 -Node: Join Function660410 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1662180 -Node: Getlocaltime Function662380 -Node: Readfile Function666122 -Node: Shell Quoting668099 -Node: Data File Management669500 -Node: Filetrans Function670132 -Node: Rewind Function674228 -Node: File Checking676137 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1677471 -Node: Empty Files677672 -Node: Ignoring Assigns679651 -Node: Getopt Function681201 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1692670 -Node: Passwd Functions692870 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1701709 -Node: Group Functions701797 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1709695 -Node: Walking Arrays709902 -Node: Library Functions Summary712910 -Node: Library Exercises714316 -Node: Sample Programs714781 -Node: Running Examples715551 -Node: Clones716279 -Node: Cut Program717503 -Node: Egrep Program727432 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1734944 -Node: Id Program735054 -Node: Split Program738734 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1742192 -Node: Tee Program742321 -Node: Uniq Program745111 -Node: Wc Program752732 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1756987 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs757081 -Node: Dupword Program758294 -Node: Alarm Program760324 -Node: Translate Program765179 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1769744 -Node: Labels Program770014 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1773365 -Node: Word Sorting773449 -Node: History Sorting777521 -Node: Extract Program779356 -Node: Simple Sed787410 -Node: Igawk Program790484 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1804815 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2805017 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3805139 -Node: Anagram Program805254 -Node: Signature Program808316 -Node: Programs Summary809563 -Node: Programs Exercises810777 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1814906 -Node: Advanced Features814997 -Node: Nondecimal Data816987 -Node: Array Sorting818578 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal819278 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1827646 -Node: Array Sorting Functions827764 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1832855 -Node: Two-way I/O833051 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1840772 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2840959 -Node: TCP/IP Networking841041 -Node: Profiling844159 -Node: Advanced Features Summary853177 -Node: Internationalization855021 -Node: I18N and L10N856501 -Node: Explaining gettext857188 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1863080 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2863265 -Node: Programmer i18n863430 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1868379 -Node: Translator i18n868428 -Node: String Extraction869222 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1870354 -Node: Printf Ordering870440 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1873226 -Node: I18N Portability873290 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1875746 -Node: I18N Example875809 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1879084 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2879157 -Node: Gawk I18N879266 -Node: I18N Summary879911 -Node: Debugger881252 -Node: Debugging882252 -Node: Debugging Concepts882693 -Node: Debugging Terms884502 -Node: Awk Debugging887077 -Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1888022 -Node: Sample Debugging Session888154 -Node: Debugger Invocation888688 -Node: Finding The Bug890074 -Node: List of Debugger Commands896548 -Node: Breakpoint Control897881 -Node: Debugger Execution Control901575 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data904937 -Node: Execution Stack908478 -Node: Debugger Info910115 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands914186 -Node: Readline Support919248 -Node: Limitations920144 -Node: Debugging Summary922253 -Node: Namespaces923532 -Node: Global Namespace924611 -Node: Qualified Names926009 -Node: Default Namespace927008 -Node: Changing The Namespace927749 -Node: Naming Rules929363 -Node: Internal Name Management931211 -Node: Namespace Example932253 -Node: Namespace And Features934815 -Node: Namespace Summary936250 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic937727 -Node: Computer Arithmetic939214 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges942980 -Ref: table-floating-point-ranges943473 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1944131 -Node: Math Definitions944188 -Ref: table-ieee-formats947504 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1948107 -Node: MPFR features948212 -Node: FP Math Caution949930 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1951002 -Node: Inexactness of computations951371 -Node: Inexact representation952331 -Node: Comparing FP Values953691 -Node: Errors accumulate954932 -Node: Getting Accuracy956365 -Node: Try To Round959075 -Node: Setting precision959974 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings960671 -Node: Setting the rounding mode962501 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes962875 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1966806 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers966985 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1970160 -Node: Checking for MPFR970309 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems971783 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1976068 -Node: Floating point summary976106 -Node: Dynamic Extensions978296 -Node: Extension Intro979849 -Node: Plugin License981115 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline981912 -Ref: figure-load-extension982351 -Ref: figure-register-new-function983916 -Ref: figure-call-new-function985008 -Node: Extension API Description987070 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction988712 -Ref: table-api-std-headers990548 -Node: General Data Types994413 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11002774 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions1003073 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11007283 -Node: Constructor Functions1007382 -Node: Registration Functions1010968 -Node: Extension Functions1011653 -Node: Exit Callback Functions1016975 -Node: Extension Version String1018225 -Node: Input Parsers1018888 -Node: Output Wrappers1031609 -Node: Two-way processors1036121 -Node: Printing Messages1038386 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11039557 -Node: Updating ERRNO1039710 -Node: Requesting Values1040449 -Ref: table-value-types-returned1041186 -Node: Accessing Parameters1042122 -Node: Symbol Table Access1043357 -Node: Symbol table by name1043869 -Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11046893 -Node: Symbol table by cookie1047021 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11051206 -Node: Cached values1051270 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11054806 -Node: Array Manipulation1054959 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11056050 -Node: Array Data Types1056087 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11058745 -Node: Array Functions1058837 -Node: Flattening Arrays1063335 -Node: Creating Arrays1070311 -Node: Redirection API1075078 -Node: Extension API Variables1077911 -Node: Extension Versioning1078622 -Ref: gawk-api-version1079051 -Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1080782 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables1082410 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate1083483 -Node: Changes from API V11087457 -Node: Finding Extensions1089029 -Node: Extension Example1089588 -Node: Internal File Description1090386 -Node: Internal File Ops1094466 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11105816 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1105956 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11108339 -Node: Extension Samples1108613 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1110142 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1117791 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1119278 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1120496 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1123800 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1124636 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1125525 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1126330 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1126919 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1127659 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1129601 -Node: Extension Sample Time1130696 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1132044 -Node: gawkextlib1132536 -Node: Extension summary1135454 -Node: Extension Exercises1139156 -Node: Language History1140398 -Node: V7/SVR3.11142054 -Node: SVR41144206 -Node: POSIX1145640 -Node: BTL1147020 -Node: POSIX/GNU1147749 -Node: Feature History1153527 -Node: Common Extensions1169573 -Node: Ranges and Locales1170856 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11175472 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21175499 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31175734 -Node: Contributors1175955 -Node: History summary1181900 -Node: Installation1183280 -Node: Gawk Distribution1184224 -Node: Getting1184708 -Node: Extracting1185671 -Node: Distribution contents1187309 -Node: Unix Installation1193789 -Node: Quick Installation1194471 -Node: Shell Startup Files1196885 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1197974 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1200139 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1202508 -Node: PC Installation1202968 -Node: PC Binary Installation1203806 -Node: PC Compiling1204241 -Node: PC Using1205358 -Node: Cygwin1208911 -Node: MSYS1210010 -Node: VMS Installation1210511 -Node: VMS Compilation1211302 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11212531 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1212589 -Node: VMS Installation Details1214274 -Node: VMS Running1216527 -Node: VMS GNV1220806 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1221541 -Node: Bugs1222012 -Node: Bug address1222675 -Node: Usenet1225657 -Node: Maintainers1226661 -Node: Other Versions1227922 -Node: Installation summary1234836 -Node: Notes1236038 -Node: Compatibility Mode1236832 -Node: Additions1237614 -Node: Accessing The Source1238539 -Node: Adding Code1239976 -Node: New Ports1246195 -Node: Derived Files1250683 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11256329 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21256364 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31256962 -Node: Future Extensions1257076 -Node: Implementation Limitations1257734 -Node: Extension Design1258917 -Node: Old Extension Problems1260061 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11261579 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1261636 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11265000 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1265189 -Node: Extension Future Growth1267302 -Node: Notes summary1268138 -Node: Basic Concepts1269313 -Node: Basic High Level1269994 -Ref: figure-general-flow1270276 -Ref: figure-process-flow1270961 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11274262 -Node: Basic Data Typing1274447 -Node: Glossary1277775 -Node: Copying1309613 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1347156 -Node: Index1372276 +Node: Foreword344264 +Node: Foreword448706 +Node: Preface50238 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-153097 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-253204 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-353438 +Node: History53580 +Node: Names55932 +Ref: Names-Footnote-157026 +Node: This Manual57173 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-163812 +Node: Conventions63912 +Node: Manual History66267 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169264 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269305 +Node: How To Contribute69379 +Node: Acknowledgments70305 +Node: Getting Started75213 +Node: Running gawk77652 +Node: One-shot78842 +Node: Read Terminal80105 +Node: Long82098 +Node: Executable Scripts83611 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186406 +Node: Comments86509 +Node: Quoting88993 +Node: DOS Quoting94510 +Node: Sample Data Files96566 +Node: Very Simple99161 +Node: Two Rules104063 +Node: More Complex105948 +Node: Statements/Lines108814 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1113273 +Node: Other Features113538 +Node: When114474 +Ref: When-Footnote-1116228 +Node: Intro Summary116293 +Node: Invoking Gawk117177 +Node: Command Line118691 +Node: Options119489 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1136567 +Ref: Options-Footnote-2136798 +Node: Other Arguments136823 +Node: Naming Standard Input139770 +Node: Environment Variables140980 +Node: AWKPATH Variable141538 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1144950 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2144984 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable145245 +Node: Other Environment Variables146903 +Node: Exit Status150724 +Node: Include Files151401 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries155091 +Node: Obsolete156519 +Node: Undocumented157211 +Node: Invoking Summary157508 +Node: Regexp159168 +Node: Regexp Usage160622 +Node: Escape Sequences162659 +Node: Regexp Operators168891 +Node: Regexp Operator Details169376 +Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1175498 +Node: Interval Expressions175645 +Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1177080 +Node: Bracket Expressions177178 +Ref: table-char-classes179654 +Node: Leftmost Longest182980 +Node: Computed Regexps184283 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators187710 +Node: Case-sensitivity191389 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1194276 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2194511 +Node: Regexp Summary194619 +Node: Reading Files196085 +Node: Records198354 +Node: awk split records199429 +Node: gawk split records204704 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1209290 +Node: Fields209327 +Node: Nonconstant Fields212068 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1214304 +Node: Changing Fields214508 +Node: Field Separators220539 +Node: Default Field Splitting223237 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting224355 +Node: Single Character Fields227708 +Node: Command Line Field Separator228768 +Node: Full Line Fields231986 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1233508 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2233554 +Node: Field Splitting Summary233655 +Node: Constant Size235729 +Node: Fixed width data236461 +Node: Skipping intervening239928 +Node: Allowing trailing data240726 +Node: Fields with fixed data241763 +Node: Splitting By Content243281 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1246931 +Node: Testing field creation247094 +Node: Multiple Line248719 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1254603 +Node: Getline254782 +Node: Plain Getline257251 +Node: Getline/Variable259892 +Node: Getline/File261043 +Node: Getline/Variable/File262431 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1264036 +Node: Getline/Pipe264124 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe266831 +Node: Getline/Coprocess267966 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess269233 +Node: Getline Notes269975 +Node: Getline Summary272772 +Ref: table-getline-variants273196 +Node: Read Timeout273944 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1277850 +Node: Retrying Input277908 +Node: Command-line directories279107 +Node: Input Summary280013 +Node: Input Exercises283185 +Node: Printing283913 +Node: Print285747 +Node: Print Examples287204 +Node: Output Separators289984 +Node: OFMT292001 +Node: Printf293357 +Node: Basic Printf294142 +Node: Control Letters295716 +Node: Format Modifiers300880 +Node: Printf Examples306895 +Node: Redirection309381 +Node: Special FD316222 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1319390 +Node: Special Files319464 +Node: Other Inherited Files320081 +Node: Special Network321082 +Node: Special Caveats321942 +Node: Close Files And Pipes322891 +Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values329798 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1330611 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2330759 +Node: Nonfatal330911 +Node: Output Summary333249 +Node: Output Exercises334471 +Node: Expressions335150 +Node: Values336338 +Node: Constants337016 +Node: Scalar Constants337707 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1340231 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers340481 +Node: Regexp Constants343482 +Node: Using Constant Regexps344008 +Node: Standard Regexp Constants344630 +Node: Strong Regexp Constants347818 +Node: Variables350776 +Node: Using Variables351433 +Node: Assignment Options353343 +Node: Conversion355810 +Node: Strings And Numbers356334 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1359397 +Node: Locale influences conversions359506 +Ref: table-locale-affects362264 +Node: All Operators362882 +Node: Arithmetic Ops363511 +Node: Concatenation366017 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1368864 +Node: Assignment Ops368971 +Ref: table-assign-ops373962 +Node: Increment Ops375275 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions378735 +Node: Truth Values379809 +Node: Typing and Comparison380857 +Node: Variable Typing381677 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1388140 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2388212 +Node: Comparison Operators388289 +Ref: table-relational-ops388708 +Node: POSIX String Comparison392203 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1393898 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2394037 +Node: Boolean Ops394121 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1398603 +Node: Conditional Exp398695 +Node: Function Calls400431 +Node: Precedence404308 +Node: Locales407967 +Node: Expressions Summary409599 +Node: Patterns and Actions412172 +Node: Pattern Overview413292 +Node: Regexp Patterns414969 +Node: Expression Patterns415511 +Node: Ranges419292 +Node: BEGIN/END422400 +Node: Using BEGIN/END423161 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1425897 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END426003 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE428317 +Node: Empty431230 +Node: Using Shell Variables431547 +Node: Action Overview433821 +Node: Statements436146 +Node: If Statement437994 +Node: While Statement439489 +Node: Do Statement441517 +Node: For Statement442665 +Node: Switch Statement445836 +Node: Break Statement448222 +Node: Continue Statement450314 +Node: Next Statement452141 +Node: Nextfile Statement454524 +Node: Exit Statement457176 +Node: Built-in Variables459579 +Node: User-modified460712 +Node: Auto-set468479 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1485286 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2485492 +Node: ARGC and ARGV485548 +Node: Pattern Action Summary489761 +Node: Arrays492191 +Node: Array Basics493520 +Node: Array Intro494364 +Ref: figure-array-elements496339 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1499043 +Node: Reference to Elements499171 +Node: Assigning Elements501635 +Node: Array Example502126 +Node: Scanning an Array503885 +Node: Controlling Scanning506907 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1512306 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts512622 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts514806 +Node: Delete516425 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1519177 +Node: Multidimensional519234 +Node: Multiscanning522329 +Node: Arrays of Arrays523920 +Node: Arrays Summary528688 +Node: Functions530781 +Node: Built-in531819 +Node: Calling Built-in532900 +Node: Numeric Functions534896 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1538924 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2539569 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3539617 +Node: String Functions539889 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1563747 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2563875 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3564123 +Node: Gory Details564210 +Ref: table-sub-escapes566001 +Ref: table-sub-proposed567520 +Ref: table-posix-sub568883 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes570424 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1571247 +Node: I/O Functions571401 +Ref: table-system-return-values577869 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1579949 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2580097 +Node: Time Functions580217 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1590888 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2590956 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3591114 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4591225 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5591337 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6591564 +Node: Bitwise Functions591830 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops592424 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1598487 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2598660 +Node: Type Functions598851 +Node: I18N Functions601602 +Node: User-defined603253 +Node: Definition Syntax604065 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1609752 +Node: Function Example609823 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1612745 +Node: Function Calling612767 +Node: Calling A Function613355 +Node: Variable Scope614313 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference617307 +Node: Function Caveats619951 +Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1621998 +Node: Return Statement622118 +Node: Dynamic Typing625097 +Node: Indirect Calls626027 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1636279 +Node: Functions Summary636407 +Node: Library Functions639112 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1642719 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2642862 +Node: Library Names643033 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1646700 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2646923 +Node: General Functions647009 +Node: Strtonum Function648112 +Node: Assert Function651134 +Node: Round Function654460 +Node: Cliff Random Function656000 +Node: Ordinal Functions657016 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1660079 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2660331 +Node: Join Function660541 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1662311 +Node: Getlocaltime Function662511 +Node: Readfile Function666253 +Node: Shell Quoting668230 +Node: Data File Management669631 +Node: Filetrans Function670263 +Node: Rewind Function674359 +Node: File Checking676268 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1677602 +Node: Empty Files677803 +Node: Ignoring Assigns679782 +Node: Getopt Function681332 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1692801 +Node: Passwd Functions693001 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1701840 +Node: Group Functions701928 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1709826 +Node: Walking Arrays710033 +Node: Library Functions Summary713041 +Node: Library Exercises714447 +Node: Sample Programs714912 +Node: Running Examples715682 +Node: Clones716410 +Node: Cut Program717634 +Node: Egrep Program727563 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1735075 +Node: Id Program735185 +Node: Split Program738865 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1742323 +Node: Tee Program742452 +Node: Uniq Program745242 +Node: Wc Program752863 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1757118 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs757212 +Node: Dupword Program758425 +Node: Alarm Program760455 +Node: Translate Program765310 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1769875 +Node: Labels Program770145 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1773496 +Node: Word Sorting773580 +Node: History Sorting777652 +Node: Extract Program779487 +Node: Simple Sed787541 +Node: Igawk Program790615 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1804946 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2805148 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3805270 +Node: Anagram Program805385 +Node: Signature Program808447 +Node: Programs Summary809694 +Node: Programs Exercises810908 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1815037 +Node: Advanced Features815128 +Node: Nondecimal Data817118 +Node: Array Sorting818709 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal819409 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1827777 +Node: Array Sorting Functions827895 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1832986 +Node: Two-way I/O833182 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1840903 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2841090 +Node: TCP/IP Networking841172 +Node: Profiling844290 +Node: Advanced Features Summary853308 +Node: Internationalization855152 +Node: I18N and L10N856632 +Node: Explaining gettext857319 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1863211 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2863396 +Node: Programmer i18n863561 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1868510 +Node: Translator i18n868559 +Node: String Extraction869353 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1870485 +Node: Printf Ordering870571 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1873357 +Node: I18N Portability873421 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1875877 +Node: I18N Example875940 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1879215 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2879288 +Node: Gawk I18N879397 +Node: I18N Summary880042 +Node: Debugger881383 +Node: Debugging882383 +Node: Debugging Concepts882824 +Node: Debugging Terms884633 +Node: Awk Debugging887208 +Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1888153 +Node: Sample Debugging Session888285 +Node: Debugger Invocation888819 +Node: Finding The Bug890205 +Node: List of Debugger Commands896679 +Node: Breakpoint Control898012 +Node: Debugger Execution Control901706 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data905068 +Node: Execution Stack908609 +Node: Debugger Info910246 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands914317 +Node: Readline Support919379 +Node: Limitations920275 +Node: Debugging Summary922384 +Node: Namespaces923663 +Node: Global Namespace924742 +Node: Qualified Names926140 +Node: Default Namespace927139 +Node: Changing The Namespace927880 +Node: Naming Rules929494 +Node: Internal Name Management931342 +Node: Namespace Example932384 +Node: Namespace And Features934946 +Node: Namespace Summary936381 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic937858 +Node: Computer Arithmetic939345 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges943111 +Ref: table-floating-point-ranges943604 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1944262 +Node: Math Definitions944319 +Ref: table-ieee-formats947635 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1948238 +Node: MPFR features948343 +Node: FP Math Caution950061 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1951133 +Node: Inexactness of computations951502 +Node: Inexact representation952462 +Node: Comparing FP Values953822 +Node: Errors accumulate955063 +Node: Getting Accuracy956496 +Node: Try To Round959206 +Node: Setting precision960105 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings960802 +Node: Setting the rounding mode962632 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes963006 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1966937 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers967116 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1970291 +Node: Checking for MPFR970440 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems971914 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1976199 +Node: Floating point summary976237 +Node: Dynamic Extensions978427 +Node: Extension Intro979980 +Node: Plugin License981246 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline982043 +Ref: figure-load-extension982482 +Ref: figure-register-new-function984047 +Ref: figure-call-new-function985139 +Node: Extension API Description987201 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction988843 +Ref: table-api-std-headers990679 +Node: General Data Types994544 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11002905 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions1003204 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11007414 +Node: Constructor Functions1007513 +Node: Registration Functions1011099 +Node: Extension Functions1011784 +Node: Exit Callback Functions1017106 +Node: Extension Version String1018356 +Node: Input Parsers1019019 +Node: Output Wrappers1031740 +Node: Two-way processors1036252 +Node: Printing Messages1038517 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11039688 +Node: Updating ERRNO1039841 +Node: Requesting Values1040580 +Ref: table-value-types-returned1041317 +Node: Accessing Parameters1042253 +Node: Symbol Table Access1043488 +Node: Symbol table by name1044000 +Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11047024 +Node: Symbol table by cookie1047152 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11051337 +Node: Cached values1051401 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11054937 +Node: Array Manipulation1055090 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11056181 +Node: Array Data Types1056218 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11058876 +Node: Array Functions1058968 +Node: Flattening Arrays1063466 +Node: Creating Arrays1070442 +Node: Redirection API1075209 +Node: Extension API Variables1078042 +Node: Extension Versioning1078753 +Ref: gawk-api-version1079182 +Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1080913 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1082541 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1083614 +Node: Changes from API V11087588 +Node: Finding Extensions1089160 +Node: Extension Example1089719 +Node: Internal File Description1090517 +Node: Internal File Ops1094597 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11105947 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1106087 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11108470 +Node: Extension Samples1108744 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1110273 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1117922 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1119409 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1120627 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1123931 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1124767 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1125656 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1126461 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1127050 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1127790 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1129732 +Node: Extension Sample Time1130827 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1132175 +Node: gawkextlib1132667 +Node: Extension summary1135585 +Node: Extension Exercises1139287 +Node: Language History1140529 +Node: V7/SVR3.11142185 +Node: SVR41144337 +Node: POSIX1145771 +Node: BTL1147151 +Node: POSIX/GNU1147880 +Node: Feature History1153658 +Node: Common Extensions1169704 +Node: Ranges and Locales1170987 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11175603 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21175630 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31175865 +Node: Contributors1176086 +Node: History summary1182031 +Node: Installation1183411 +Node: Gawk Distribution1184355 +Node: Getting1184839 +Node: Extracting1185802 +Node: Distribution contents1187440 +Node: Unix Installation1193920 +Node: Quick Installation1194602 +Node: Shell Startup Files1197016 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1198105 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1200270 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1202639 +Node: PC Installation1203099 +Node: PC Binary Installation1203937 +Node: PC Compiling1204372 +Node: PC Using1205489 +Node: Cygwin1209042 +Node: MSYS1210141 +Node: VMS Installation1210642 +Node: VMS Compilation1211433 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11212662 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1212720 +Node: VMS Installation Details1214405 +Node: VMS Running1216658 +Node: VMS GNV1220937 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1221672 +Node: Bugs1222143 +Node: Bug address1222806 +Node: Usenet1225788 +Node: Maintainers1226792 +Node: Other Versions1228053 +Node: Installation summary1234967 +Node: Notes1236169 +Node: Compatibility Mode1236963 +Node: Additions1237745 +Node: Accessing The Source1238670 +Node: Adding Code1240107 +Node: New Ports1246326 +Node: Derived Files1250814 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11256460 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21256495 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31257093 +Node: Future Extensions1257207 +Node: Implementation Limitations1257865 +Node: Extension Design1259048 +Node: Old Extension Problems1260192 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11261710 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1261767 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11265131 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1265320 +Node: Extension Future Growth1267433 +Node: Notes summary1268269 +Node: Basic Concepts1269444 +Node: Basic High Level1270125 +Ref: figure-general-flow1270407 +Ref: figure-process-flow1271092 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11274393 +Node: Basic Data Typing1274578 +Node: Glossary1277906 +Node: Copying1309744 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1347287 +Node: Index1372407 End Tag Table |