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diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index b60ecf82..5deb6482 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -193,7 +193,8 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) field. * Command Line Field Separator:: Setting `FS' from the command-line. -* Full Line Fields:: Making the full line be a single field. +* Full Line Fields:: Making the full line be a single + field. * Field Splitting Summary:: Some final points and a summary table. * Constant Size:: Reading constant width data. * Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content @@ -583,6 +584,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) version of `awk'. * POSIX/GNU:: The extensions in `gawk' not in POSIX `awk'. +* Feature History:: The history of the features in `gawk'. * Common Extensions:: Common Extensions Summary. * Ranges and Locales:: How locales used to affect regexp ranges. @@ -1268,11 +1270,11 @@ acknowledgements: Dr. Nelson Beebe, Andreas Buening, Dr. Manuel Collado, Antonio Colombo, Stephen Davies, Scott Deifik, Akim Demaille, Darrel Hankerson, Michal Jaegermann, Ju"rgen Kahrs, Stepan Kasal, John Malmberg, Dave -Pitts, Chet Ramey, Pat Rankin, Andrew Schorr, Corinna Vinschen, Anders -Wallin, and Eli Zaretskii (in alphabetical order) make up the current -`gawk' "crack portability team." Without their hard work and help, -`gawk' would not be nearly the fine program it is today. It has been -and continues to be a pleasure working with this team of fine people. +Pitts, Chet Ramey, Pat Rankin, Andrew Schorr, Corinna Vinschen, and Eli +Zaretskii (in alphabetical order) make up the current `gawk' "crack +portability team." Without their hard work and help, `gawk' would not +be nearly the fine program it is today. It has been and continues to +be a pleasure working with this team of fine people. Notable code and documentation contributions were made by a number of people. *Note Contributors::, for the full list. @@ -1814,18 +1816,8 @@ and the first four months of the current year. Mar 24 75 70 495 Apr 21 70 74 514 - If you are reading this in GNU Emacs using Info, you can copy the -regions of text showing these sample files into your own test files. -This way you can try out the examples shown in the remainder of this -document. You do this by using the command `M-x write-region' to copy -text from the Info file into a file for use with `awk' (*Note -Miscellaneous File Operations: (emacs)Misc File Ops, for more -information). Using this information, create your own `BBS-list' and -`inventory-shipped' files and practice what you learn in this Info file. - - If you are using the stand-alone version of Info, see *note Extract -Program::, for an `awk' program that extracts these data files from -`gawk.texi', the (generated) Texinfo source file for this Info file. + The sample files are included in the `gawk' distribution, in the +directory `awklib/eg/data'. File: gawk.info, Node: Very Simple, Next: Two Rules, Prev: Sample Data Files, Up: Getting Started @@ -2236,7 +2228,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Invoking Gawk, Next: Regexp, Prev: Getting Started, U 2 Running `awk' and `gawk' ************************** -This major node covers how to run awk, both POSIX-standard and +This major node covers how to run `awk', both POSIX-standard and `gawk'-specific command-line options, and what `awk' and `gawk' do with non-option arguments. It then proceeds to cover how `gawk' searches for source files, reading standard input along with other files, @@ -2312,22 +2304,8 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `--file SOURCE-FILE' Read `awk' program source from SOURCE-FILE instead of in the first non-option argument. This option may be given multiple times; the - `awk' program consists of the concatenation the contents of each - specified SOURCE-FILE. - -`-i SOURCE-FILE' -`--include SOURCE-FILE' - Read `awk' source library from SOURCE-FILE. This option is - completely equivalent to using the `@include' directive inside - your program. This option is very similar to the `-f' option, but - there are two important differences. First, when `-i' is used, - the program source will not be loaded if it has been previously - loaded, whereas the `-f' will always load the file. Second, - because this option is intended to be used with code libraries, - `gawk' does not recognize such files as constituting main program - input. Thus, after processing an `-i' argument, `gawk' still - expects to find the main source code via the `-f' option or on the - command-line. + `awk' program consists of the concatenation of the contents of + each specified SOURCE-FILE. `-v VAR=VAL' `--assign VAR=VAL' @@ -2456,6 +2434,20 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: Print a "usage" message summarizing the short and long style options that `gawk' accepts and then exit. +`-i SOURCE-FILE' +`--include SOURCE-FILE' + Read `awk' source library from SOURCE-FILE. This option is + completely equivalent to using the `@include' directive inside + your program. This option is very similar to the `-f' option, but + there are two important differences. First, when `-i' is used, + the program source will not be loaded if it has been previously + loaded, whereas the `-f' will always load the file. Second, + because this option is intended to be used with code libraries, + `gawk' does not recognize such files as constituting main program + input. Thus, after processing an `-i' argument, `gawk' still + expects to find the main source code via the `-f' option or on the + command-line. + `-l LIB' `--load LIB' Load a shared library LIB. This searches for the library using the @@ -4091,18 +4083,23 @@ use for `RS' in this case: BEGIN { RS = "\0" } # whole file becomes one record? `gawk' in fact accepts this, and uses the NUL character for the -record separator. However, this usage is _not_ portable to other `awk' -implementations. +record separator. However, this usage is _not_ portable to most other +`awk' implementations. - All other `awk' implementations(1) store strings internally as -C-style strings. C strings use the NUL character as the string + Almost all other `awk' implementations(1) store strings internally +as C-style strings. C strings use the NUL character as the string terminator. In effect, this means that `RS = "\0"' is the same as `RS = ""'. (d.c.) + It happens that recent versions of `mawk' can use the NUL character +as a record separator. However, this is a special case: `mawk' does not +allow embedded NUL characters in strings. + The best way to treat a whole file as a single record is to simply read the file in, one record at a time, concatenating each record onto the end of the previous ones. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) At least that we know about. @@ -4763,14 +4760,15 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Constant Size, Next: Splitting By Content, Prev: Field 4.6 Reading Fixed-Width Data ============================ -(This minor node discusses an advanced feature of `awk'. If you are a -novice `awk' user, you might want to skip it on the first reading.) + NOTE: This minor node discusses an advanced feature of `gawk'. If + you are a novice `awk' user, you might want to skip it on the + first reading. -`gawk' provides a facility for dealing with fixed-width fields with no -distinctive field separator. For example, data of this nature arises -in the input for old Fortran programs where numbers are run together, -or in the output of programs that did not anticipate the use of their -output as input for other programs. + `gawk' provides a facility for dealing with fixed-width fields with +no distinctive field separator. For example, data of this nature +arises in the input for old Fortran programs where numbers are run +together, or in the output of programs that did not anticipate the use +of their output as input for other programs. An example of the latter is a table where all the columns are lined up by the use of a variable number of spaces and _empty fields are just @@ -4869,10 +4867,11 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Splitting By Content, Next: Multiple Line, Prev: Const 4.7 Defining Fields By Content ============================== -(This minor node discusses an advanced feature of `awk'. If you are a -novice `awk' user, you might want to skip it on the first reading.) + NOTE: This minor node discusses an advanced feature of `gawk'. If + you are a novice `awk' user, you might want to skip it on the + first reading. -Normally, when using `FS', `gawk' defines the fields as the parts of + Normally, when using `FS', `gawk' defines the fields as the parts of the record that occur in between each field separator. In other words, `FS' defines what a field _is not_, instead of what a field _is_. However, there are times when you really want to define the fields by @@ -7177,7 +7176,7 @@ decimal point when reading the `awk' program source code, and for command-line variable assignments (*note Other Arguments::). However, when interpreting input data, for `print' and `printf' output, and for number to string conversion, the local decimal point character is used. -(d.c.). Here are some examples indicating the difference in behavior, +(d.c.) Here are some examples indicating the difference in behavior, on a GNU/Linux system: $ export POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 Force POSIX behavior @@ -7904,7 +7903,6 @@ of error is very difficult to spot when scanning the source code. string comparison (true) `a = 2; b = " +2"' - `a == b' string comparison (false) @@ -13993,7 +13991,7 @@ corresponding character. Both functions are written very nicely in } } - Some explanation of the numbers used by `chr' is worthwhile. The + Some explanation of the numbers used by `chr()' is worthwhile. The most prominent character set in use today is ASCII.(1) Although an 8-bit byte can hold 256 distinct values (from 0 to 255), ASCII only defines characters that use the values from 0 to 127.(2) In the now @@ -16668,6 +16666,8 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Alarm Program, Next: Translate Program, Prev: Dupword Nothing cures insomnia like a ringing alarm clock. -- Arnold Robbins + Sleep is for web developers. -- Erik Quanstrom + The following program is a simple "alarm clock" program. You give it a time of day and an optional message. At the specified time, it prints the message on the standard output. In addition, you can give it @@ -21888,11 +21888,8 @@ that use them. allowing `gawk' to use them as it needs to. `typedef enum awk_bool {' - ` awk_false = 0,' - ` awk_true' - `} awk_bool_t;' A simple boolean type. @@ -24910,6 +24907,7 @@ you can find more information. `awk'. * POSIX/GNU:: The extensions in `gawk' not in POSIX `awk'. +* Feature History:: The history of the features in `gawk'. * Common Extensions:: Common Extensions Summary. * Ranges and Locales:: How locales used to affect regexp ranges. * Contributors:: The major contributors to `gawk'. @@ -25088,7 +25086,7 @@ in his version of `awk'. available in his `awk'. -File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX/GNU, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: BTL, Up: Language History +File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX/GNU, Next: Feature History, Prev: BTL, Up: Language History A.5 Extensions in `gawk' Not in POSIX `awk' =========================================== @@ -25245,9 +25243,391 @@ the current version of `gawk'. -File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Ranges and Locales, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History +File: gawk.info, Node: Feature History, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History + +A.6 History of `gawk' Features +============================== + +This minor node describes the features in `gawk' over and above those +in POSIX `awk', in the order they were added to `gawk'. + + Version 2.10 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * The `AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path search for + the `-f' command-line option (*note Options::). + + * The `IGNORECASE' variable and its effects (*note + Case-sensitivity::). + + * The `/dev/stdin', `/dev/stdout', `/dev/stderr' and `/dev/fd/N' + special file names (*note Special Files::). + + Version 2.13 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * The `FIELDWIDTHS' variable and its effects (*note Constant Size::). + + * The `systime()' and `strftime()' built-in functions for obtaining + and printing timestamps (*note Time Functions::). + + * Additional command-line options (*note Options::): + + - The `-W lint' option to provide error and portability checking + for both the source code and at runtime. + + - The `-W compat' option to turn off the GNU extensions. + + - The `-W posix' option for full POSIX compliance. + + Version 2.14 of `gawk' introduced the following feature: + + * The `next file' statement for skipping to the next data file + (*note Nextfile Statement::). + + Version 2.15 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * New variables (*note Built-in Variables::): + + - `ARGIND', which tracks the movement of `FILENAME' through + `ARGV'. + + - `ERRNO', which contains the system error message when + `getline' returns -1 or `close()' fails. + + * The `/dev/pid', `/dev/ppid', `/dev/pgrpid', and `/dev/user' + special file names. These have since been removed. + + * The ability to delete all of an array at once with `delete ARRAY' + (*note Delete::). + + * Command line option changes (*note Options::): + + - The ability to use GNU-style long-named options that start + with `--'. + + - The `--source' option for mixing command-line and library-file + source code. + + Version 3.0 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * New or changed variables: + + - `IGNORECASE' changed, now applying to string comparison as + well as regexp operations (*note Case-sensitivity::). + + - `RT', which contains the input text that matched `RS' (*note + Records::). + + * Full support for both POSIX and GNU regexps (*note Regexp::). + + * The `gensub()' function for more powerful text manipulation (*note + String Functions::). + + * The `strftime()' function acquired a default time format, allowing + it to be called with no arguments (*note Time Functions::). + + * The ability for `FS' and for the third argument to `split()' to be + null strings (*note Single Character Fields::). + + * The ability for `RS' to be a regexp (*note Records::). + + * The `next file' statement became `nextfile' (*note Nextfile + Statement::). + + * The `fflush()' function from the Bell Laboratories research + version of `awk' (*note I/O Functions::). + + * New command line options: + + - The `--lint-old' option to warn about constructs that are not + available in the original Version 7 Unix version of `awk' + (*note V7/SVR3.1::). + + - The `-m' option from the Bell Laboratories research version + of `awk' This was later removed. + + - The `--re-interval' option to provide interval expressions in + regexps (*note Regexp Operators::). + + - The `--traditional' option was added as a better name for + `--compat' (*note Options::). + + * The use of GNU Autoconf to control the configuration process + (*note Quick Installation::). + + * Amiga support. + + + Version 3.1 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * New variables (*note Built-in Variables::): + + - `BINMODE', for non-POSIX systems, which allows binary I/O for + input and/or output files (*note PC Using::). + + - `LINT', which dynamically controls lint warnings. + + - `PROCINFO', an array for providing process-related + information. + + - `TEXTDOMAIN', for setting an application's + internationalization text domain (*note + Internationalization::). + + * The ability to use octal and hexadecimal constants in `awk' + program source code (*note Nondecimal-numbers::). + + * The `|&' operator for two-way I/O to a coprocess (*note Two-way + I/O::). + + * The `/inet' special files for TCP/IP networking using `|&' (*note + TCP/IP Networking::). + + * The optional second argument to `close()' that allows closing one + end of a two-way pipe to a coprocess (*note Two-way I/O::). + + * The optional third argument to the `match()' function for + capturing text-matching subexpressions within a regexp (*note + String Functions::). + + * Positional specifiers in `printf' formats for making translations + easier (*note Printf Ordering::). + + * A number of new built-in functions: + + - The `asort()' and `asorti()' functions for sorting arrays + (*note Array Sorting::). + + - The `bindtextdomain()', `dcgettext()' and `dcngettext()' + functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::). + + - The `extension()' function and the ability to add new + built-in functions dynamically (*note Dynamic Extensions::). + + - The `mktime()' function for creating timestamps (*note Time + Functions::). + + - The `and()', `or()', `xor()', `compl()', `lshift()', + `rshift()', and `strtonum()' functions (*note Bitwise + Functions::). + + * The support for `next file' as two words was removed completely + (*note Nextfile Statement::). -A.6 Common Extensions Summary + * Additional commnd line options (*note Options::): + + - The `--dump-variables' option to print a list of all global + variables. + + - The `--exec' option, for use in CGI scripts. + + - The `--gen-po' command-line option and the use of a leading + underscore to mark strings that should be translated (*note + String Extraction::). + + - The `--non-decimal-data' option to allow non-decimal input + data (*note Nondecimal Data::). + + - The `--profile' option and `pgawk', the profiling version of + `gawk', for producing execution profiles of `awk' programs + (*note Profiling::). + + - The `--use-lc-numeric' option to force `gawk' to use the + locale's decimal point for parsing input data (*note + Conversion::). + + * The use of GNU Automake to help in standardizing the configuration + process (*note Quick Installation::). + + * The use of GNU `gettext' for `gawk''s own message output (*note + Gawk I18N::). + + * BeOS support. This was later removed. + + * Tandem support. This was later removed. + + * The Atari port became officially unsupported. + + * The source code changed to use ISO C standard-style function + definitions. + + * POSIX compliance for `sub()' and `gsub()' (*note Gory Details::). + + * The `length()' function was extended to accept an array argument + and return the number of elements in the array (*note String + Functions::). + + * The `strftime()' function acquired a third argument to enable + printing times as UTC (*note Time Functions::). + + Version 4.0 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * Variable additions: + + - `FPAT', which allows you to specify a regexp that matches the + fields, instead of matching the field separator (*note + Splitting By Content::). + + - If `PROCINFO["sorted_in"]' exists, `for(iggy in foo)' loops + sort the indices before looping over them. The value of this + element provides control over how the indices are sorted + before the loop traversal starts (*note Controlling + Scanning::). + + - `PROCINFO["strftime"]', which holds the default format for + `strftime()' (*note Time Functions::). + + * The special files `/dev/pid', `/dev/ppid', `/dev/pgrpid' and + `/dev/user' were removed. + + * Support for IPv6 was added via the `/inet6' special file. + `/inet4' forces IPv4 and `/inet' chooses the system default, which + is probably IPv4 (*note TCP/IP Networking::). + + * The use of `\s' and `\S' escape sequences in regular expressions + (*note GNU Regexp Operators::). + + * Interval expressions became part of default regular expressions + (*note Regexp Operators::). + + * POSIX character classes work even with `--traditional' (*note + Regexp Operators::). + + * `break' and `continue' became invalid outside a loop, even with + `--traditional' (*note Break Statement::, and also see *note + Continue Statement::). + + * `fflush()', `nextfile', and `delete ARRAY' are allowed if + `--posix' or `--traditional', since they are all now part of POSIX. + + * An optional third argument to `asort()' and `asorti()', specifying + how to sort (*note String Functions::). + + * The behavior of `fflush()' changed to match Brian Kernighan's `awk' + and for POSIX; now both `fflush()' and `fflush("")' flush all open + output redirections (*note I/O Functions::). + + * The `isarray()' function which distinguishes if an item is an array + or not, to make it possible to traverse multidimensional arrays + (*note Type Functions::). + + * The `patsplit()' function which gives the same capability as + `FPAT', for splitting (*note String Functions::). + + * An optional fourth argument to the `split()' function, which is an + array to hold the values of the separators (*note String + Functions::). + + * Arrays of arrays (*note Arrays of Arrays::). + + * The `BEGINFILE' and `ENDFILE' special patterns (*note + BEGINFILE/ENDFILE::). + + * Indirect function calls (*note Indirect Calls::). + + * `switch' / `case' are enabled by default (*note Switch + Statement::). + + * Command line option changes (*note Options::): + + - The `-b' and `--characters-as-bytes' options which prevent + `gawk' from treating input as a multibyte string. + + - The redundant `--compat', `--copyleft', and `--usage' long + options were removed. + + - The `--gen-po' option was finally renamed to the correct + `--gen-pot'. + + - The `--sandbox' option which disables certain features. + + - All long options acquired corresponding short options, for + use in `#!' scripts. + + * Directories named on the command line now produce a warning, not a + fatal error, unless `--posix' or `--traditional' are used (*note + Command line directories::). + + * The `gawk' internals were rewritten, bringing the `dgawk' debugger + and possibly improved performance (*note Debugger::). + + * Per the GNU Coding Standards, dynamic extensions must now define a + global symbol indicating that they are GPL-compatible (*note + Plugin License::). + + * In POSIX mode, string comparisons use `strcoll()' / `wcscoll()' + (*note POSIX String Comparison::). + + * The option for raw sockets was removed, since it was never + implemented (*note TCP/IP Networking::). + + * Ranges of the form `[d-h]' are treated as if they were in the C + locale, no matter what kind of regexp is being used, and even if + `--posix' (*note Ranges and Locales::). + + * Support was removed for the following systems: + + - Atari + + - Amiga + + - BeOS + + - Cray + + - MIPS RiscOS + + - MS-DOS with Microsoft Compiler + + - MS-Windows with Microsoft Compiler + + - NeXT + + - SunOS 3.x, Sun 386 (Road Runner) + + - Tandem (non-POSIX) + + - Prestandard VAX C compiler for VAX/VMS + + Version 4.1 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * Three new arrays: `SYMTAB', `FUNCTAB', and + `PROCINFO["identifiers"]' (*note Auto-set::). + + * The three executables `gawk', `pgawk', and `dgawk', were merged + into one, named just `gawk'. As a result the command line options + changed. + + * Command line option changes (*note Options::): + + - The `-D' option invokes the debugger. + + - The `-i' and `--include' options load `awk' library files. + + - The `-l' and `--load' options for load compiled dynamic + extensions. + + - The `-M' and `--bignum' options enable MPFR. + + - The `-o' only does pretty-printing. + + - The `-p' option is used for profiling. + + - The `-R' option was removed. + + * Support for high precision arithmetic with MPFR. (*note Gawk and + MPFR::). + + * The `and()', `or()' and `xor()' functions allow any number of + arguments, with a minimum of two (*note Bitwise Functions::). + + * The dynamic extension interface was completely redone (*note + Dynamic Extensions::). + + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Ranges and Locales, Prev: Feature History, Up: Language History + +A.7 Common Extensions Summary ============================= This minor node summarizes the common extensions supported by `gawk', @@ -25259,7 +25639,7 @@ Feature BWK Awk Mawk GNU Awk `\x' Escape sequence X X X `RS' as regexp X X `FS' as null string X X X -`/dev/stdin' special file X X +`/dev/stdin' special file X X X `/dev/stdout' special file X X X `/dev/stderr' special file X X X `**' and `**=' operators X X @@ -25267,7 +25647,7 @@ Feature BWK Awk Mawk GNU Awk `func' keyword X X `nextfile' statement X X X `delete' without subscript X X X -`length()' of an array X X +`length()' of an array X X X `BINMODE' variable X X Time related functions X X @@ -25278,7 +25658,7 @@ POSIX.) File: gawk.info, Node: Ranges and Locales, Next: Contributors, Prev: Common Extensions, Up: Language History -A.7 Regexp Ranges and Locales: A Long Sad Story +A.8 Regexp Ranges and Locales: A Long Sad Story =============================================== This minor node describes the confusing history of ranges within @@ -25384,7 +25764,7 @@ and its rationale File: gawk.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: Ranges and Locales, Up: Language History -A.8 Major Contributors to `gawk' +A.9 Major Contributors to `gawk' ================================ Always give credit where credit is due. -- Anonymous @@ -25484,6 +25864,8 @@ Info file, in approximate chronological order: * Patrick T.J. McPhee contributed the code for dynamic loading in Windows32 environments. (This is no longer supported) + * Anders Wallin helped keep the VMS port going for several years. + * John Haque made the following contributions: - The modifications to convert `gawk' into a byte-code @@ -26403,7 +26785,19 @@ directory tree, the program will be known as `GNV$GNU:[bin]gnv$gawk.exe' and the help file will be `GNV$GNU:[vms_help]gawk.hlp'. - Optionally, the help entry can be loaded into a VMS help library: + The PCSI kit also installs a `GNV$GNU:[vms_bin]gawk_verb.cld' file +which can be used to add `gawk' and `awk' as DCL commands. + + For just the current process you can use: + + $ set command gnv$gnu:[vms_bin]gawk_verb.cld + + Or the system manager can use `GNV$GNU:[vms_bin]gawk_verb.cld' to +add the `gawk' and `awk' to the system wide `DCLTABLES'. + + The DCL syntax is documented in the `gawk.hlp' file. + + Optionally, `gawk.hlp' entry can be loaded into a VMS help library: $ LIBRARY/HELP sys$help:helplib [.vms]gawk.hlp @@ -26504,8 +26898,10 @@ reorganized to supply individual PCSI packages for each component. See `https://sourceforge.net/p/gnv/wiki/InstallingGNVPackages/'. The normal build procedure for `gawk' produces a program that is -suitable for use with GNV. At this time work is being done to create -the procedures for building a PCSI kit to replace the older `gawk' port. +suitable for use with GNV. + + The `vms/gawk_build_steps.txt' in the source documents the procedure +for building a VMS PCSI kit that is compatible with GNV. File: gawk.info, Node: VMS Old Gawk, Prev: VMS GNV, Up: VMS Installation @@ -26595,7 +26991,7 @@ MS-DOS with DJGPP Scott Deifik, <scottd.mail@sbcglobal.net>. MS-Windows with MINGW Eli Zaretskii, <eliz@gnu.org>. OS/2 Andreas Buening, <andreas.buening@nexgo.de>. VMS Pat Rankin, <r.pat.rankin@gmail.com>, and John - Malmberg, <wb8tyw@gmail.com>. + Malmberg, <wb8tyw@qsl.net>. z/OS (OS/390) Dave Pitts, <dpitts@cozx.com>. If your bug is also reproducible under Unix, please send a copy of @@ -29614,14 +30010,13 @@ Index * - (hyphen), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) * - (hyphen), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * - (hyphen), -= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* - (hyphen), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 73) +* - (hyphen), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 59) * - (hyphen), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) -* --assign option: Options. (line 46) +* --assign option: Options. (line 32) * --bignum option: Options. (line 201) -* --c option: Options. (line 95) -* --characters-as-bytes option: Options. (line 82) -* --copyright option: Options. (line 102) -* --debug option: Options. (line 122) +* --characters-as-bytes option: Options. (line 68) +* --copyright option: Options. (line 88) +* --debug option: Options. (line 108) * --disable-extensions configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 9) * --disable-lint configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. @@ -29629,15 +30024,14 @@ Index * --disable-nls configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 30) * --dump-variables option <1>: Library Names. (line 45) -* --dump-variables option: Options. (line 107) -* --exec option: Options. (line 139) +* --dump-variables option: Options. (line 93) +* --exec option: Options. (line 125) * --field-separator option: Options. (line 21) * --file option: Options. (line 25) * --gen-pot option <1>: String Extraction. (line 6) -* --gen-pot option: Options. (line 161) -* --help option: Options. (line 168) -* --include option: Options. (line 32) -* --L option: Options. (line 288) +* --gen-pot option: Options. (line 147) +* --help option: Options. (line 154) +* --include option: Options. (line 159) * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 182) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) * --lint-old option: Options. (line 288) @@ -29659,19 +30053,20 @@ Index * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) * --sandbox option, output redirection with print, printf: Redirection. (line 6) -* --source option: Options. (line 131) -* --traditional option: Options. (line 95) +* --source option: Options. (line 117) +* --traditional option: Options. (line 81) * --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 266) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 215) * --version option: Options. (line 293) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 35) -* -b option: Options. (line 82) -* -C option: Options. (line 102) -* -D option: Options. (line 122) -* -d option: Options. (line 107) -* -E option: Options. (line 139) -* -e option: Options. (line 131) +* -b option: Options. (line 68) +* -C option: Options. (line 88) +* -c option: Options. (line 81) +* -D option: Options. (line 108) +* -d option: Options. (line 93) +* -E option: Options. (line 125) +* -e option: Options. (line 117) * -F option: Command Line Field Separator. (line 6) * -f option: Options. (line 25) @@ -29679,9 +30074,10 @@ Index * -f option: Long. (line 12) * -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 301) * -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 306) -* -g option: Options. (line 161) -* -h option: Options. (line 168) -* -i option: Options. (line 32) +* -g option: Options. (line 147) +* -h option: Options. (line 154) +* -i option: Options. (line 159) +* -L option: Options. (line 288) * -l option: Options. (line 173) * -M option: Options. (line 201) * -N option: Options. (line 215) @@ -29694,8 +30090,8 @@ Index * -S option: Options. (line 279) * -v option: Assignment Options. (line 12) * -V option: Options. (line 293) -* -v option: Options. (line 46) -* -W option: Options. (line 60) +* -v option: Options. (line 32) +* -W option: Options. (line 46) * . (period): Regexp Operators. (line 43) * .gmo files: Explaining gettext. (line 41) * .gmo files, converting from .po: I18N Example. (line 62) @@ -29824,7 +30220,7 @@ Index * Ada programming language: Glossary. (line 20) * adding, features to gawk: Adding Code. (line 6) * adding, fields: Changing Fields. (line 53) -* advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 9) +* advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 10) * advanced features, gawk: Advanced Features. (line 6) * advanced features, network connections, See Also networks, connections: Advanced Features. (line 6) @@ -29833,11 +30229,11 @@ Index * advanced features, processes, communicating with: Two-way I/O. (line 23) * advanced features, specifying field content: Splitting By Content. - (line 9) + (line 10) * Aho, Alfred <1>: Contributors. (line 11) * Aho, Alfred: History. (line 17) -* alarm clock example program: Alarm Program. (line 9) -* alarm.awk program: Alarm Program. (line 29) +* alarm clock example program: Alarm Program. (line 11) +* alarm.awk program: Alarm Program. (line 31) * algorithms: Basic High Level. (line 68) * Alpha (DEC): Manual History. (line 28) * amazing awk assembler (aaa): Glossary. (line 12) @@ -29935,7 +30331,7 @@ Index * asterisk (*), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * atan2() function: Numeric Functions. (line 11) * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 25) -* awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 122) +* awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108) * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 136) * awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 235) * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) @@ -29972,7 +30368,7 @@ Index * awk, POSIX and: Preface. (line 23) * awk, POSIX and, See Also POSIX awk: Preface. (line 23) * awk, regexp constants and: Comparison Operators. - (line 103) + (line 102) * awk, See Also gawk: Preface. (line 36) * awk, terms describing: This Manual. (line 6) * awk, uses for <1>: When. (line 6) @@ -29993,7 +30389,7 @@ Index * AWKPATH environment variable: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6) * awkprof.out file: Profiling. (line 6) * awksed.awk program: Simple Sed. (line 25) -* awkvars.out file: Options. (line 107) +* awkvars.out file: Options. (line 93) * b debugger command (alias for break): Breakpoint Control. (line 11) * backslash (\) <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 18) * backslash (\) <2>: Quoting. (line 31) @@ -30137,7 +30533,7 @@ Index * built-in functions: Functions. (line 6) * built-in functions, evaluation order: Calling Built-in. (line 30) * built-in variables: Built-in Variables. (line 6) -* built-in variables, -v option, setting with: Options. (line 54) +* built-in variables, -v option, setting with: Options. (line 40) * built-in variables, conveying information: Auto-set. (line 6) * built-in variables, user-modifiable: User-modified. (line 6) * Busybox Awk: Other Versions. (line 88) @@ -30160,7 +30556,7 @@ Index * case sensitivity, regexps and <1>: User-modified. (line 82) * case sensitivity, regexps and: Case-sensitivity. (line 6) * case sensitivity, string comparisons and: User-modified. (line 82) -* CGI, awk scripts for: Options. (line 139) +* CGI, awk scripts for: Options. (line 125) * character lists, See bracket expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 55) * character sets (machine character encodings) <1>: Glossary. (line 141) * character sets (machine character encodings): Ordinal Functions. @@ -30171,10 +30567,10 @@ Index * characters, transliterating: Translate Program. (line 6) * characters, values of as numbers: Ordinal Functions. (line 6) * Chassell, Robert J.: Acknowledgments. (line 33) -* chdir extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. +* chdir() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 12) * chem utility: Glossary. (line 151) -* chr extension function: Extension Sample Ord. +* chr() extension function: Extension Sample Ord. (line 15) * chr() user-defined function: Ordinal Functions. (line 16) * clear debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 36) @@ -30213,7 +30609,7 @@ Index (line 6) * command line, options <2>: Options. (line 6) * command line, options: Long. (line 12) -* command line, options, end of: Options. (line 68) +* command line, options, end of: Options. (line 54) * command line, variables, assigning on: Assignment Options. (line 6) * command-line options, processing: Getopt Function. (line 6) * command-line options, string extraction: String Extraction. (line 6) @@ -30240,14 +30636,14 @@ Index (line 9) * comparison expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 14) * comparison expressions, string vs. regexp: Comparison Operators. - (line 79) + (line 78) * compatibility mode (gawk), extensions: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * compatibility mode (gawk), file names: Special Caveats. (line 9) * compatibility mode (gawk), hexadecimal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 60) * compatibility mode (gawk), octal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 60) -* compatibility mode (gawk), specifying: Options. (line 95) +* compatibility mode (gawk), specifying: Options. (line 81) * compiled programs <1>: Glossary. (line 165) * compiled programs: Basic High Level. (line 15) * compiling gawk for Cygwin: Cygwin. (line 6) @@ -30352,7 +30748,7 @@ Index * dark corner, split() function: String Functions. (line 358) * dark corner, strings, storing: Records. (line 195) * dark corner, value of ARGV[0]: Auto-set. (line 35) -* data, fixed-width: Constant Size. (line 9) +* data, fixed-width: Constant Size. (line 10) * data-driven languages: Basic High Level. (line 85) * database, group, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * database, users, reading: Passwd Functions. (line 6) @@ -30740,7 +31136,7 @@ Index * fields, single-character: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * FIELDWIDTHS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 35) -* FIELDWIDTHS variable: Constant Size. (line 22) +* FIELDWIDTHS variable: Constant Size. (line 23) * file descriptors: Special FD. (line 6) * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 52) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) @@ -30761,10 +31157,10 @@ Index * files, /inet/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet4/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet6/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) -* files, as single records: Records. (line 200) +* files, as single records: Records. (line 204) * files, awk programs in: Long. (line 6) * files, awkprof.out: Profiling. (line 6) -* files, awkvars.out: Options. (line 107) +* files, awkvars.out: Options. (line 93) * files, closing: I/O Functions. (line 10) * files, descriptors, See file descriptors: Special FD. (line 6) * files, group: Group Functions. (line 6) @@ -30791,7 +31187,7 @@ Index * files, portable object template: Explaining gettext. (line 30) * files, portable object, converting to message object files: I18N Example. (line 62) -* files, portable object, generating: Options. (line 161) +* files, portable object, generating: Options. (line 147) * files, processing, ARGIND variable and: Auto-set. (line 47) * files, reading: Rewind Function. (line 6) * files, reading, multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 6) @@ -30803,7 +31199,7 @@ Index * finish debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 39) * Fish, Fred: Contributors. (line 50) -* fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 9) +* fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 10) * flag variables <1>: Tee Program. (line 20) * flag variables: Boolean Ops. (line 67) * floating-point numbers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic. @@ -30811,14 +31207,14 @@ Index * floating-point, numbers <1>: Unexpected Results. (line 6) * floating-point, numbers: General Arithmetic. (line 6) * floating-point, VAX/VMS: VMS Running. (line 51) -* fnmatch extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. +* fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 6) * FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 112) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) * FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 323) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) -* fork extension function: Extension Sample Fork. +* fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. (line 11) * format specifiers, mixing regular with positional specifiers: Printf Ordering. (line 57) @@ -30837,7 +31233,7 @@ Index * forward slash (/), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24) * FPAT variable <1>: User-modified. (line 45) * FPAT variable: Splitting By Content. - (line 26) + (line 27) * frame debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 25) * Free Documentation License (FDL): GNU Free Documentation License. (line 6) @@ -30860,7 +31256,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <1>: Glossary. (line 305) * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <2>: Getting. (line 10) * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) -* fts extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. +* fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 77) * FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 128) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) @@ -30942,12 +31338,12 @@ Index * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 77) * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 35) -* gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in: Constant Size. (line 22) +* gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in: Constant Size. (line 23) * gawk, file names in: Special Files. (line 6) * gawk, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 45) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. - (line 26) + (line 27) * gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 128) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) @@ -30994,7 +31390,7 @@ Index * gawk, RT variable in: Records. (line 117) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 36) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) -* gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) +* gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 88) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) * gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 283) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 162) @@ -31048,7 +31444,7 @@ Index * gettext library: Explaining gettext. (line 6) * gettext library, locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 80) * gettext() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 62) -* gettimeofday extension function: Extension Sample Time. +* gettimeofday() extension function: Extension Sample Time. (line 13) * GMP: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic. (line 6) @@ -31060,7 +31456,7 @@ Index * GNU Lesser General Public License: Glossary. (line 405) * GNU long options <1>: Options. (line 6) * GNU long options: Command Line. (line 13) -* GNU long options, printing list of: Options. (line 168) +* GNU long options, printing list of: Options. (line 154) * GNU Project <1>: Glossary. (line 323) * GNU Project: Manual History. (line 11) * GNU/Linux <1>: Glossary. (line 624) @@ -31068,7 +31464,7 @@ Index * GNU/Linux: Manual History. (line 28) * GPL (General Public License) <1>: Glossary. (line 314) * GPL (General Public License): Manual History. (line 11) -* GPL (General Public License), printing: Options. (line 102) +* GPL (General Public License), printing: Options. (line 88) * grcat program: Group Functions. (line 16) * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) @@ -31083,7 +31479,7 @@ Index (line 66) * Hankerson, Darrel <1>: Contributors. (line 60) * Hankerson, Darrel: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* Haque, John: Contributors. (line 103) +* Haque, John: Contributors. (line 105) * Hartholz, Elaine: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Hartholz, Marshall: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Hasegawa, Isamu: Contributors. (line 94) @@ -31099,7 +31495,7 @@ Index * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) * hyphen (-), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * hyphen (-), -= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* hyphen (-), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 73) +* hyphen (-), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 59) * hyphen (-), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) * i debugger command (alias for info): Debugger Info. (line 13) * id utility: Id Program. (line 6) @@ -31385,6 +31781,7 @@ Index (line 19) * next debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 43) +* next file statement: Feature History. (line 168) * next statement <1>: Next Statement. (line 6) * next statement: Boolean Ops. (line 85) * next statement, BEGIN/END patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 37) @@ -31491,17 +31888,17 @@ Index (line 6) * options, command-line <2>: Options. (line 6) * options, command-line: Long. (line 12) -* options, command-line, end of: Options. (line 68) +* options, command-line, end of: Options. (line 54) * options, command-line, invoking awk: Command Line. (line 6) * options, command-line, processing: Getopt Function. (line 6) * options, deprecated: Obsolete. (line 6) * options, long <1>: Options. (line 6) * options, long: Command Line. (line 13) -* options, printing list of: Options. (line 168) +* options, printing list of: Options. (line 154) * OR bitwise operation: Bitwise Functions. (line 6) * or Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * or() function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 49) -* ord extension function: Extension Sample Ord. +* ord() extension function: Extension Sample Ord. (line 12) * ord() user-defined function: Ordinal Functions. (line 16) * order of evaluation, concatenation: Concatenation. (line 41) @@ -31593,7 +31990,7 @@ Index * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 36) * portable object files, converting to message object files: I18N Example. (line 62) -* portable object files, generating: Options. (line 161) +* portable object files, generating: Options. (line 147) * portable object template files: Explaining gettext. (line 30) * porting gawk: New Ports. (line 6) * positional specifiers, printf statement <1>: Printf Ordering. @@ -31677,7 +32074,7 @@ Index * printf statement, sprintf() function and: Round Function. (line 6) * printf statement, syntax of: Basic Printf. (line 6) * printing: Printing. (line 6) -* printing, list of options: Options. (line 168) +* printing, list of options: Options. (line 154) * printing, mailing labels: Labels Program. (line 6) * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) @@ -31720,6 +32117,7 @@ Index * q debugger command (alias for quit): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) * QSE Awk: Other Versions. (line 130) +* Quanstrom, Erik: Alarm Program. (line 8) * question mark (?) regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 59) * question mark (?) regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111) @@ -31749,13 +32147,13 @@ Index * Rankin, Pat <2>: Contributors. (line 37) * Rankin, Pat <3>: Assignment Ops. (line 100) * Rankin, Pat: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* reada extension function: Extension Sample Read write array. +* reada() extension function: Extension Sample Read write array. (line 15) * readable data files, checking: File Checking. (line 6) * readable.awk program: File Checking. (line 11) * readdir extension: Extension Sample Readdir. (line 9) -* readfile extension function: Extension Sample Readfile. +* readfile() extension function: Extension Sample Readfile. (line 11) * readfile() user-defined function: Readfile Function. (line 30) * recipe for a programming language: History. (line 6) @@ -31770,14 +32168,14 @@ Index * records, printing: Print. (line 22) * records, splitting input into: Records. (line 6) * records, terminating: Records. (line 117) -* records, treating files as: Records. (line 200) +* records, treating files as: Records. (line 204) * recursive functions: Definition Syntax. (line 73) * redirection of input: Getline/File. (line 6) * redirection of output: Redirection. (line 6) * reference counting, sorting arrays: Array Sorting Functions. (line 77) * regexp constants <1>: Comparison Operators. - (line 103) + (line 102) * regexp constants <2>: Regexp Constants. (line 6) * regexp constants: Regexp Usage. (line 57) * regexp constants, /=.../, /= operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 147) @@ -31847,7 +32245,7 @@ Index * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 220) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) -* Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 130) +* Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 132) * Robbins, Arnold <4>: Alarm Program. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <5>: Passwd Functions. (line 90) * Robbins, Arnold <6>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39) @@ -31887,7 +32285,7 @@ Index (line 68) * sandbox mode: Options. (line 279) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) -* Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 126) +* Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 128) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -31999,9 +32397,9 @@ Index * single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * Skywalker, Luke: Undocumented. (line 6) -* sleep extension function: Extension Sample Time. +* sleep utility: Alarm Program. (line 111) +* sleep() extension function: Extension Sample Time. (line 23) -* sleep utility: Alarm Program. (line 109) * Solaris, POSIX-compliant awk: Other Versions. (line 96) * sort function, arrays, sorting: Array Sorting Functions. (line 6) @@ -32017,7 +32415,7 @@ Index * source code, jawk: Other Versions. (line 112) * source code, libmawk: Other Versions. (line 120) * source code, mawk: Other Versions. (line 44) -* source code, mixing: Options. (line 131) +* source code, mixing: Options. (line 117) * source code, pawk: Other Versions. (line 78) * source code, QSE Awk: Other Versions. (line 130) * source code, QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 134) @@ -32045,7 +32443,7 @@ Index * standard input <1>: Special FD. (line 6) * standard input: Read Terminal. (line 6) * standard output: Special FD. (line 6) -* stat extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. +* stat() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 18) * statements, compound, control statements and: Statements. (line 10) * statements, control, in actions: Statements. (line 6) @@ -32119,7 +32517,6 @@ Index * Texinfo <3>: Extract Program. (line 12) * Texinfo <4>: Dupword Program. (line 17) * Texinfo <5>: Library Functions. (line 33) -* Texinfo <6>: Sample Data Files. (line 66) * Texinfo: Conventions. (line 6) * Texinfo, chapter beginnings in files: Regexp Operators. (line 22) * Texinfo, extracting programs from source files: Extract Program. @@ -32139,7 +32536,7 @@ Index * tilde (~), ~ operator <5>: Computed Regexps. (line 6) * tilde (~), ~ operator <6>: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * tilde (~), ~ operator: Regexp Usage. (line 19) -* time, alarm clock example program: Alarm Program. (line 9) +* time, alarm clock example program: Alarm Program. (line 11) * time, localization and: Explaining gettext. (line 115) * time, managing: Getlocaltime Function. (line 6) @@ -32163,7 +32560,7 @@ Index (line 112) * troubleshooting, division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * troubleshooting, fatal errors, field widths, specifying: Constant Size. - (line 22) + (line 23) * troubleshooting, fatal errors, printf format strings: Format Modifiers. (line 159) * troubleshooting, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 60) @@ -32187,7 +32584,7 @@ Index * troubleshooting, substr() function: String Functions. (line 496) * troubleshooting, system() function: I/O Functions. (line 94) * troubleshooting, typographical errors, global variables: Options. - (line 112) + (line 98) * true, logical: Truth Values. (line 6) * Trueman, David <1>: Contributors. (line 30) * Trueman, David <2>: Acknowledgments. (line 47) @@ -32243,7 +32640,7 @@ Index * variables, assigning on command line: Assignment Options. (line 6) * variables, built-in <1>: Built-in Variables. (line 6) * variables, built-in: Using Variables. (line 20) -* variables, built-in, -v option, setting with: Options. (line 54) +* variables, built-in, -v option, setting with: Options. (line 40) * variables, built-in, conveying information: Auto-set. (line 6) * variables, flag: Boolean Ops. (line 67) * variables, getline command into, using <1>: Getline/Variable/Coprocess. @@ -32254,12 +32651,12 @@ Index (line 6) * variables, getline command into, using: Getline/Variable. (line 6) * variables, global, for library functions: Library Names. (line 11) -* variables, global, printing list of: Options. (line 107) +* variables, global, printing list of: Options. (line 93) * variables, initializing: Using Variables. (line 20) * variables, local: Variable Scope. (line 6) * variables, names of: Arrays. (line 18) * variables, private: Library Names. (line 11) -* variables, setting: Options. (line 46) +* variables, setting: Options. (line 32) * variables, shadowing: Definition Syntax. (line 61) * variables, types of: Assignment Ops. (line 40) * variables, types of, comparison expressions and: Typing and Comparison. @@ -32278,15 +32675,15 @@ Index * Vinschen, Corinna: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * w debugger command (alias for watch): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 67) -* w utility: Constant Size. (line 22) -* wait extension function: Extension Sample Fork. +* w utility: Constant Size. (line 23) +* wait() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. (line 22) -* waitpid extension function: Extension Sample Fork. +* waitpid() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. (line 18) * walk_array() user-defined function: Walking Arrays. (line 14) * Wall, Larry <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Wall, Larry: Array Intro. (line 6) -* Wallin, Anders: Acknowledgments. (line 60) +* Wallin, Anders: Contributors. (line 103) * warnings, issuing: Options. (line 182) * watch debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 67) @@ -32313,12 +32710,12 @@ Index * words, counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * words, duplicate, searching for: Dupword Program. (line 6) * words, usage counts, generating: Word Sorting. (line 6) -* writea extension function: Extension Sample Read write array. +* writea() extension function: Extension Sample Read write array. (line 9) * xgettext utility: String Extraction. (line 13) * XOR bitwise operation: Bitwise Functions. (line 6) * xor() function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 55) -* Yawitz, Efraim: Contributors. (line 124) +* Yawitz, Efraim: Contributors. (line 126) * Zaretskii, Eli <1>: Bugs. (line 70) * Zaretskii, Eli <2>: Contributors. (line 55) * Zaretskii, Eli: Acknowledgments. (line 60) @@ -32353,524 +32750,525 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1366 -Node: Foreword40737 -Node: Preface45082 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-148135 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-248231 -Node: History48463 -Node: Names50837 -Ref: Names-Footnote-152314 -Node: This Manual52386 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-158160 -Node: Conventions58260 -Node: Manual History60416 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163864 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263905 -Node: How To Contribute63979 -Node: Acknowledgments65123 -Node: Getting Started69332 -Node: Running gawk71711 -Node: One-shot72897 -Node: Read Terminal74122 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175772 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-276048 -Node: Long76219 -Node: Executable Scripts77595 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179428 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279530 -Node: Comments80077 -Node: Quoting82544 -Node: DOS Quoting87167 -Node: Sample Data Files87842 -Node: Very Simple90886 -Node: Two Rules95485 -Node: More Complex97632 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100562 -Node: Statements/Lines100647 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1105109 -Node: Other Features105374 -Node: When106302 -Node: Invoking Gawk108449 -Node: Command Line109910 -Node: Options110693 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1126085 -Node: Other Arguments126110 -Node: Naming Standard Input128768 -Node: Environment Variables129862 -Node: AWKPATH Variable130420 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1133178 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable133438 -Node: Other Environment Variables134156 -Node: Exit Status137119 -Node: Include Files137794 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries141363 -Node: Obsolete142727 -Node: Undocumented143424 -Node: Regexp143666 -Node: Regexp Usage145055 -Node: Escape Sequences147081 -Node: Regexp Operators152750 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1160130 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2160277 -Node: Bracket Expressions160375 -Ref: table-char-classes162265 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators164788 -Node: Case-sensitivity168511 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1171479 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2171714 -Node: Leftmost Longest171822 -Node: Computed Regexps173023 -Node: Reading Files176360 -Node: Records178362 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1187251 -Node: Fields187288 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1190321 -Node: Nonconstant Fields190407 -Node: Changing Fields192609 -Node: Field Separators198568 -Node: Default Field Splitting201270 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting202387 -Node: Single Character Fields205729 -Node: Command Line Field Separator206788 -Node: Full Line Fields210222 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210730 -Node: Field Splitting Summary210776 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213875 -Node: Constant Size213976 -Node: Splitting By Content218560 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1222286 -Node: Multiple Line222326 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1228173 -Node: Getline228352 -Node: Plain Getline230568 -Node: Getline/Variable232663 -Node: Getline/File233810 -Node: Getline/Variable/File235151 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236750 -Node: Getline/Pipe236837 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239536 -Node: Getline/Coprocess240643 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241895 -Node: Getline Notes242632 -Node: Getline Summary245419 -Ref: table-getline-variants245827 -Node: Read Timeout246739 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1250480 -Node: Command line directories250537 -Node: Printing251167 -Node: Print252798 -Node: Print Examples254135 -Node: Output Separators256919 -Node: OFMT258679 -Node: Printf260037 -Node: Basic Printf260943 -Node: Control Letters262482 -Node: Format Modifiers266294 -Node: Printf Examples272303 -Node: Redirection275018 -Node: Special Files281983 -Node: Special FD282516 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1286141 -Node: Special Network286215 -Node: Special Caveats287065 -Node: Close Files And Pipes287861 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1294844 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2294992 -Node: Expressions295142 -Node: Values296274 -Node: Constants296950 -Node: Scalar Constants297630 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1298489 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers298671 -Node: Regexp Constants301671 -Node: Using Constant Regexps302146 -Node: Variables305201 -Node: Using Variables305856 -Node: Assignment Options307580 -Node: Conversion309452 -Ref: table-locale-affects314953 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315577 -Node: All Operators315686 -Node: Arithmetic Ops316316 -Node: Concatenation318821 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321613 -Node: Assignment Ops321733 -Ref: table-assign-ops326721 -Node: Increment Ops328052 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions331486 -Node: Truth Values332569 -Node: Typing and Comparison333618 -Node: Variable Typing334411 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338308 -Node: Comparison Operators338430 -Ref: table-relational-ops338840 -Node: POSIX String Comparison342389 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343345 -Node: Boolean Ops343483 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347561 -Node: Conditional Exp347652 -Node: Function Calls349384 -Node: Precedence352978 -Node: Locales356647 -Node: Patterns and Actions357736 -Node: Pattern Overview358790 -Node: Regexp Patterns360459 -Node: Expression Patterns361002 -Node: Ranges364687 -Node: BEGIN/END367653 -Node: Using BEGIN/END368415 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1371146 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END371252 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373534 -Node: Empty376448 -Node: Using Shell Variables376764 -Node: Action Overview379049 -Node: Statements381406 -Node: If Statement383260 -Node: While Statement384759 -Node: Do Statement386803 -Node: For Statement387959 -Node: Switch Statement391111 -Node: Break Statement393208 -Node: Continue Statement395198 -Node: Next Statement396991 -Node: Nextfile Statement399381 -Node: Exit Statement402024 -Node: Built-in Variables404440 -Node: User-modified405535 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413893 -Node: Auto-set413955 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1427425 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427630 -Node: ARGC and ARGV427686 -Node: Arrays431537 -Node: Array Basics433042 -Node: Array Intro433868 -Node: Reference to Elements438185 -Node: Assigning Elements440455 -Node: Array Example440946 -Node: Scanning an Array442678 -Node: Controlling Scanning444992 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1450079 -Node: Delete450395 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1453160 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts453217 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts455400 -Node: Multidimensional457027 -Node: Multiscanning460120 -Node: Arrays of Arrays461709 -Node: Functions466349 -Node: Built-in467168 -Node: Calling Built-in468246 -Node: Numeric Functions470234 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1474066 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2474423 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3474471 -Node: String Functions474740 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497660 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497789 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3498037 -Node: Gory Details498124 -Ref: table-sub-escapes499803 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92501157 -Ref: table-sub-proposed502508 -Ref: table-posix-sub503862 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes505407 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506583 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506634 -Node: I/O Functions506785 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513770 -Node: Time Functions513917 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524850 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524918 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3525076 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4525187 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5525299 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6525526 -Node: Bitwise Functions525792 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops526354 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1530575 -Node: Type Functions530759 -Node: I18N Functions531910 -Node: User-defined533537 -Node: Definition Syntax534341 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1539251 -Node: Function Example539320 -Node: Function Caveats541914 -Node: Calling A Function542335 -Node: Variable Scope543450 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference546413 -Node: Return Statement549921 -Node: Dynamic Typing552902 -Node: Indirect Calls553833 -Node: Library Functions563518 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1567031 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2567174 -Node: Library Names567345 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570816 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2571036 -Node: General Functions571122 -Node: Strtonum Function572150 -Node: Assert Function575080 -Node: Round Function578406 -Node: Cliff Random Function579949 -Node: Ordinal Functions580965 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1584035 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2584287 -Node: Join Function584496 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1586267 -Node: Getlocaltime Function586467 -Node: Readfile Function590208 -Node: Data File Management592047 -Node: Filetrans Function592679 -Node: Rewind Function596748 -Node: File Checking598135 -Node: Empty Files599229 -Node: Ignoring Assigns601459 -Node: Getopt Function603012 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1614315 -Node: Passwd Functions614518 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1623493 -Node: Group Functions623581 -Node: Walking Arrays631665 -Node: Sample Programs633802 -Node: Running Examples634476 -Node: Clones635204 -Node: Cut Program636428 -Node: Egrep Program646273 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1654046 -Node: Id Program654156 -Node: Split Program657772 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1661291 -Node: Tee Program661419 -Node: Uniq Program664222 -Node: Wc Program671651 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1675917 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2676117 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs676209 -Node: Dupword Program677397 -Node: Alarm Program679428 -Node: Translate Program684181 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1688568 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2688816 -Node: Labels Program688950 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1692321 -Node: Word Sorting692405 -Node: History Sorting696289 -Node: Extract Program698128 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1705631 -Node: Simple Sed705759 -Node: Igawk Program708821 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1723978 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2724179 -Node: Anagram Program724317 -Node: Signature Program727385 -Node: Advanced Features728485 -Node: Nondecimal Data730371 -Node: Array Sorting731954 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal732651 -Node: Array Sorting Functions740935 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1744804 -Node: Two-way I/O744998 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1750430 -Node: TCP/IP Networking750500 -Node: Profiling753344 -Node: Internationalization760841 -Node: I18N and L10N762266 -Node: Explaining gettext762952 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1768020 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2768204 -Node: Programmer i18n768369 -Node: Translator i18n772571 -Node: String Extraction773364 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1774325 -Node: Printf Ordering774411 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1777195 -Node: I18N Portability777259 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1779708 -Node: I18N Example779771 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1782409 -Node: Gawk I18N782481 -Node: Debugger783102 -Node: Debugging784073 -Node: Debugging Concepts784506 -Node: Debugging Terms786362 -Node: Awk Debugging788959 -Node: Sample Debugging Session789851 -Node: Debugger Invocation790371 -Node: Finding The Bug791703 -Node: List of Debugger Commands798191 -Node: Breakpoint Control799525 -Node: Debugger Execution Control803189 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data806549 -Node: Execution Stack809905 -Node: Debugger Info811372 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands815354 -Node: Readline Support820530 -Node: Limitations821361 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic823613 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1825262 -Node: General Arithmetic825410 -Node: Floating Point Issues827130 -Node: String Conversion Precision828011 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1829716 -Node: Unexpected Results829825 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems831978 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1835803 -Node: Integer Programming835841 -Node: Floating-point Programming837580 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1843911 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-2844181 -Node: Floating-point Representation844445 -Node: Floating-point Context845610 -Ref: table-ieee-formats846449 -Node: Rounding Mode847833 -Ref: table-rounding-modes848312 -Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1851327 -Node: Gawk and MPFR851506 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats852761 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1855204 -Node: Setting Precision855520 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings856206 -Node: Setting Rounding Mode858351 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes858755 -Node: Floating-point Constants859942 -Node: Changing Precision861371 -Ref: Changing Precision-Footnote-1862768 -Node: Exact Arithmetic862942 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers866080 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1869098 -Node: Dynamic Extensions869245 -Node: Extension Intro870703 -Node: Plugin License871968 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline872653 -Ref: load-extension873070 -Ref: load-new-function874548 -Ref: call-new-function875543 -Node: Extension API Description877558 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction878771 -Node: General Data Types883637 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1889242 -Node: Requesting Values889541 -Ref: table-value-types-returned890272 -Node: Constructor Functions891226 -Node: Registration Functions894246 -Node: Extension Functions894931 -Node: Exit Callback Functions897156 -Node: Extension Version String898405 -Node: Input Parsers899055 -Node: Output Wrappers908812 -Node: Two-way processors913322 -Node: Printing Messages915530 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1916607 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'916759 -Node: Accessing Parameters917498 -Node: Symbol Table Access918728 -Node: Symbol table by name919240 -Node: Symbol table by cookie920987 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1925117 -Node: Cached values925180 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1928629 -Node: Array Manipulation928720 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1929818 -Node: Array Data Types929857 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1932560 -Node: Array Functions932652 -Node: Flattening Arrays936418 -Node: Creating Arrays943270 -Node: Extension API Variables947995 -Node: Extension Versioning948631 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables950532 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate951618 -Node: Finding Extensions955422 -Node: Extension Example955982 -Node: Internal File Description956712 -Node: Internal File Ops960803 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1972311 -Node: Using Internal File Ops972451 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-1974804 -Node: Extension Samples975070 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions976594 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch985079 -Node: Extension Sample Fork986805 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace988023 -Node: Extension Sample Ord989801 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir990637 -Node: Extension Sample Revout992169 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way992762 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array993452 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile995335 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests996153 -Node: Extension Sample Time996678 -Node: gawkextlib998042 -Node: Language History1000823 -Node: V7/SVR3.11002345 -Node: SVR41004665 -Node: POSIX1006107 -Node: BTL1007493 -Node: POSIX/GNU1008227 -Node: Common Extensions1013828 -Node: Ranges and Locales1015134 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11019752 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21019779 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31020039 -Node: Contributors1020260 -Node: Installation1025335 -Node: Gawk Distribution1026229 -Node: Getting1026713 -Node: Extracting1027539 -Node: Distribution contents1029231 -Node: Unix Installation1034936 -Node: Quick Installation1035553 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1037997 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1039733 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1042087 -Node: PC Installation1042545 -Node: PC Binary Installation1043844 -Node: PC Compiling1045692 -Node: PC Testing1048636 -Node: PC Using1049812 -Node: Cygwin1053997 -Node: MSYS1054997 -Node: VMS Installation1055511 -Node: VMS Compilation1056275 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11057890 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1057948 -Node: VMS Installation Details1059321 -Node: VMS Running1061155 -Node: VMS GNV1063989 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1064698 -Node: Bugs1065168 -Node: Other Versions1069088 -Node: Notes1075172 -Node: Compatibility Mode1075972 -Node: Additions1076755 -Node: Accessing The Source1077682 -Node: Adding Code1079122 -Node: New Ports1085167 -Node: Derived Files1089302 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11094623 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21094657 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31095257 -Node: Future Extensions1095355 -Node: Implementation Limitations1095938 -Node: Extension Design1097190 -Node: Old Extension Problems1098344 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11099852 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1099909 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11103274 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1103460 -Node: Extension Future Growth1105566 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1106402 -Node: Basic Concepts1108142 -Node: Basic High Level1108823 -Ref: figure-general-flow1109094 -Ref: figure-process-flow1109693 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11112922 -Node: Basic Data Typing1113107 -Node: Glossary1116462 -Node: Copying1141924 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1179481 -Node: Index1204618 +Node: Foreword40856 +Node: Preface45201 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-148254 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-248350 +Node: History48582 +Node: Names50956 +Ref: Names-Footnote-152433 +Node: This Manual52505 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-158279 +Node: Conventions58379 +Node: Manual History60535 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163983 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-264024 +Node: How To Contribute64098 +Node: Acknowledgments65242 +Node: Getting Started69436 +Node: Running gawk71815 +Node: One-shot73001 +Node: Read Terminal74226 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175876 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-276152 +Node: Long76323 +Node: Executable Scripts77699 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179532 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279634 +Node: Comments80181 +Node: Quoting82648 +Node: DOS Quoting87271 +Node: Sample Data Files87946 +Node: Very Simple90332 +Node: Two Rules94931 +Node: More Complex97078 +Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100008 +Node: Statements/Lines100093 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1104555 +Node: Other Features104820 +Node: When105748 +Node: Invoking Gawk107895 +Node: Command Line109358 +Node: Options110141 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1125536 +Node: Other Arguments125561 +Node: Naming Standard Input128219 +Node: Environment Variables129313 +Node: AWKPATH Variable129871 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1132629 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable132889 +Node: Other Environment Variables133607 +Node: Exit Status136570 +Node: Include Files137245 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries140814 +Node: Obsolete142178 +Node: Undocumented142875 +Node: Regexp143117 +Node: Regexp Usage144506 +Node: Escape Sequences146532 +Node: Regexp Operators152201 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1159581 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2159728 +Node: Bracket Expressions159826 +Ref: table-char-classes161716 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators164239 +Node: Case-sensitivity167962 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1170930 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2171165 +Node: Leftmost Longest171273 +Node: Computed Regexps172474 +Node: Reading Files175811 +Node: Records177813 +Ref: Records-Footnote-1186901 +Node: Fields186938 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1189971 +Node: Nonconstant Fields190057 +Node: Changing Fields192259 +Node: Field Separators198218 +Node: Default Field Splitting200920 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting202037 +Node: Single Character Fields205379 +Node: Command Line Field Separator206438 +Node: Full Line Fields209872 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210380 +Node: Field Splitting Summary210426 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213525 +Node: Constant Size213626 +Node: Splitting By Content218233 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221982 +Node: Multiple Line222022 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1227869 +Node: Getline228048 +Node: Plain Getline230264 +Node: Getline/Variable232359 +Node: Getline/File233506 +Node: Getline/Variable/File234847 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236446 +Node: Getline/Pipe236533 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239232 +Node: Getline/Coprocess240339 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241591 +Node: Getline Notes242328 +Node: Getline Summary245115 +Ref: table-getline-variants245523 +Node: Read Timeout246435 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1250176 +Node: Command line directories250233 +Node: Printing250863 +Node: Print252494 +Node: Print Examples253831 +Node: Output Separators256615 +Node: OFMT258375 +Node: Printf259733 +Node: Basic Printf260639 +Node: Control Letters262178 +Node: Format Modifiers265990 +Node: Printf Examples271999 +Node: Redirection274714 +Node: Special Files281679 +Node: Special FD282212 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1285837 +Node: Special Network285911 +Node: Special Caveats286761 +Node: Close Files And Pipes287557 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1294540 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2294688 +Node: Expressions294838 +Node: Values295970 +Node: Constants296646 +Node: Scalar Constants297326 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1298185 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers298367 +Node: Regexp Constants301367 +Node: Using Constant Regexps301842 +Node: Variables304897 +Node: Using Variables305552 +Node: Assignment Options307276 +Node: Conversion309148 +Ref: table-locale-affects314648 +Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315272 +Node: All Operators315381 +Node: Arithmetic Ops316011 +Node: Concatenation318516 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321308 +Node: Assignment Ops321428 +Ref: table-assign-ops326416 +Node: Increment Ops327747 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions331181 +Node: Truth Values332264 +Node: Typing and Comparison333313 +Node: Variable Typing334106 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338003 +Node: Comparison Operators338125 +Ref: table-relational-ops338535 +Node: POSIX String Comparison342083 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343039 +Node: Boolean Ops343177 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347255 +Node: Conditional Exp347346 +Node: Function Calls349078 +Node: Precedence352672 +Node: Locales356341 +Node: Patterns and Actions357430 +Node: Pattern Overview358484 +Node: Regexp Patterns360153 +Node: Expression Patterns360696 +Node: Ranges364381 +Node: BEGIN/END367347 +Node: Using BEGIN/END368109 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370840 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END370946 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373228 +Node: Empty376142 +Node: Using Shell Variables376458 +Node: Action Overview378743 +Node: Statements381100 +Node: If Statement382954 +Node: While Statement384453 +Node: Do Statement386497 +Node: For Statement387653 +Node: Switch Statement390805 +Node: Break Statement392902 +Node: Continue Statement394892 +Node: Next Statement396685 +Node: Nextfile Statement399075 +Node: Exit Statement401718 +Node: Built-in Variables404134 +Node: User-modified405229 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413587 +Node: Auto-set413649 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1427119 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427324 +Node: ARGC and ARGV427380 +Node: Arrays431231 +Node: Array Basics432736 +Node: Array Intro433562 +Node: Reference to Elements437879 +Node: Assigning Elements440149 +Node: Array Example440640 +Node: Scanning an Array442372 +Node: Controlling Scanning444686 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449773 +Node: Delete450089 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1452854 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts452911 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts455094 +Node: Multidimensional456721 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Implementation Limitations1109219 +Node: Extension Design1110471 +Node: Old Extension Problems1111625 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11113133 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1113190 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11116555 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1116741 +Node: Extension Future Growth1118847 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1119683 +Node: Basic Concepts1121423 +Node: Basic High Level1122104 +Ref: figure-general-flow1122375 +Ref: figure-process-flow1122974 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11126203 +Node: Basic Data Typing1126388 +Node: Glossary1129743 +Node: Copying1155205 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1192762 +Node: Index1217899 End Tag Table |