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diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 8e5e6b29..e501b297 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -798,6 +798,9 @@ module loads the C/C++ module as a dynamic plug-in. *note Dynamic Extensions::, has all the details, and as expected, many examples to help you learn the ins and outs. + I enjoy programming in AWK and had fun (re)reading this book. I +think you will too. + Michael Brennan Author of `mawk' October 2014 @@ -29692,13 +29695,11 @@ CHEM Brian Kernighan and Jon Bentley, and is available from `http://netlib.sandia.gov/netlib/typesetting/chem.gz'. -Cookie - A peculiar goodie, token, saying or remembrance produced by or - presented to a program. (With thanks to Professor Doug McIlroy.) - -Coprocess - A subordinate program with which two-way communications is - possible. +Comparison Expression + A relation that is either true or false, such as `a < b'. + Comparison expressions are used in `if', `while', `do', and `for' + statements, and in patterns to select which input records to + process. (*Note Typing and Comparison::.) Compiler A program that translates human-readable source code into @@ -29722,11 +29723,13 @@ Conditional Expression otherwise the value is EXPR3. In either case, only one of EXPR2 and EXPR3 is evaluated. (*Note Conditional Exp::.) -Comparison Expression - A relation that is either true or false, such as `a < b'. - Comparison expressions are used in `if', `while', `do', and `for' - statements, and in patterns to select which input records to - process. (*Note Typing and Comparison::.) +Cookie + A peculiar goodie, token, saying or remembrance produced by or + presented to a program. (With thanks to Professor Doug McIlroy.) + +Coprocess + A subordinate program with which two-way communications is + possible. Curly Braces See "Braces." @@ -29768,15 +29771,15 @@ Dynamic Regular Expression `"foo"', but it may also be an expression whose value can vary. (*Note Computed Regexps::.) +Empty String + See "Null String." + Environment A collection of strings, of the form `NAME=VAL', that each program has available to it. Users generally place values into the environment in order to provide information to various programs. Typical examples are the environment variables `HOME' and `PATH'. -Empty String - See "Null String." - Epoch The date used as the "beginning of time" for timestamps. Time values in most systems are represented as seconds since the epoch, @@ -29831,20 +29834,20 @@ Free Documentation License published and may be copied. (*Note GNU Free Documentation License::.) -Function - A specialized group of statements used to encapsulate general or - program-specific tasks. `awk' has a number of built-in functions, - and also allows you to define your own. (*Note Functions::.) - -FSF - See "Free Software Foundation." - Free Software Foundation A nonprofit organization dedicated to the production and distribution of freely distributable software. It was founded by Richard M. Stallman, the author of the original Emacs editor. GNU Emacs is the most widely used version of Emacs today. +FSF + See "Free Software Foundation." + +Function + A specialized group of statements used to encapsulate general or + program-specific tasks. `awk' has a number of built-in functions, + and also allows you to define your own. (*Note Functions::.) + `gawk' The GNU implementation of `awk'. @@ -29944,12 +29947,12 @@ Lesser General Public License archives or shared objects, and their source code may be distributed. -Linux - See "GNU/Linux." - LGPL See "Lesser General Public License." +Linux + See "GNU/Linux." + Localization The process of providing the data necessary for an internationalized program to work in a particular language. @@ -30088,13 +30091,13 @@ Search Path source files. In the shell, a list of directories to search for executable programs. +`sed' + See "Stream Editor." + Seed The initial value, or starting point, for a sequence of random numbers. -`sed' - See "Stream Editor." - Shell The command interpreter for Unix and POSIX-compliant systems. The shell works both interactively, and as a programming language for @@ -31999,7 +32002,7 @@ Index * Brennan, Michael <2>: Simple Sed. (line 25) * Brennan, Michael <3>: Delete. (line 56) * Brennan, Michael <4>: Acknowledgments. (line 78) -* Brennan, Michael <5>: Foreword4. (line 30) +* Brennan, Michael <5>: Foreword4. (line 33) * Brennan, Michael: Foreword3. (line 84) * Brian Kernighan's awk <1>: I/O Functions. (line 43) * Brian Kernighan's awk <2>: Gory Details. (line 19) @@ -32153,7 +32156,7 @@ Index * compatibility mode (gawk), octal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 60) * compatibility mode (gawk), specifying: Options. (line 81) -* compiled programs <1>: Glossary. (line 157) +* compiled programs <1>: Glossary. (line 155) * compiled programs: Basic High Level. (line 15) * compiling gawk for Cygwin: Cygwin. (line 6) * compiling gawk for MS-DOS and MS-Windows: PC Compiling. (line 13) @@ -32199,7 +32202,7 @@ Index * CONVFMT variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 29) * CONVFMT variable, and array subscripts: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 6) -* cookie: Glossary. (line 149) +* cookie: Glossary. (line 177) * coprocesses <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 25) * coprocesses: Redirection. (line 96) * coprocesses, closing: Close Files And Pipes. @@ -32816,7 +32819,7 @@ Index * frame debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 27) * Free Documentation License (FDL): GNU Free Documentation License. (line 7) -* Free Software Foundation (FSF) <1>: Glossary. (line 296) +* Free Software Foundation (FSF) <1>: Glossary. (line 288) * Free Software Foundation (FSF) <2>: Getting. (line 10) * Free Software Foundation (FSF): Manual History. (line 6) * FreeBSD: Glossary. (line 611) @@ -32833,7 +32836,7 @@ Index * FS, containing ^: Regexp Field Splitting. (line 59) * FS, in multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 41) -* FSF (Free Software Foundation) <1>: Glossary. (line 296) +* FSF (Free Software Foundation) <1>: Glossary. (line 288) * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <2>: Getting. (line 10) * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. @@ -33358,7 +33361,7 @@ Index * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) * mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 120) * maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 235) -* McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 149) +* McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 177) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) * message object files, converting from portable object files: I18N Example. @@ -34109,7 +34112,7 @@ Index * square root: Numeric Functions. (line 92) * srand: Numeric Functions. (line 96) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) -* Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 296) +* Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 288) * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 23) * Stallman, Richard <3>: Acknowledgments. (line 18) * Stallman, Richard: Manual History. 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Options115977 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1131781 +Ref: Options-Footnote-2132010 +Node: Other Arguments132035 +Node: Naming Standard Input134983 +Node: Environment Variables136076 +Node: AWKPATH Variable136634 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140047 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140092 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140352 +Node: Other Environment Variables141608 +Node: Exit Status145096 +Node: Include Files145772 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries149369 +Node: Obsolete150796 +Node: Undocumented151493 +Node: Invoking Summary151760 +Node: Regexp153424 +Node: Regexp Usage154878 +Node: Escape Sequences156915 +Node: Regexp Operators163156 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170582 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170729 +Node: Bracket Expressions170827 +Ref: table-char-classes172842 +Node: Leftmost Longest175766 +Node: Computed Regexps177068 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators180465 +Node: Case-sensitivity184138 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1187023 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187258 +Node: Regexp Summary187366 +Node: Reading Files188833 +Node: Records190927 +Node: awk split records191660 +Node: gawk split records196575 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201119 +Node: Fields201156 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203932 +Node: Nonconstant Fields204018 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206261 +Node: Changing Fields206465 +Node: Field Separators212394 +Node: Default Field Splitting215099 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting216216 +Node: Single Character Fields219566 +Node: Command Line Field Separator220625 +Node: Full Line Fields223837 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225354 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225400 +Node: Field Splitting Summary225501 +Node: Constant Size227575 +Node: Splitting By Content232164 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236158 +Node: Multiple Line236321 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242207 +Node: Getline242386 +Node: Plain Getline244598 +Node: Getline/Variable247238 +Node: Getline/File248386 +Node: Getline/Variable/File249770 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251373 +Node: Getline/Pipe251460 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254143 +Node: Getline/Coprocess255274 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256526 +Node: Getline Notes257265 +Node: Getline Summary260057 +Ref: table-getline-variants260469 +Node: Read Timeout261298 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265123 +Node: Command-line directories265181 +Node: Input Summary266086 +Node: Input Exercises269387 +Node: Printing270115 +Node: Print271892 +Node: Print Examples273349 +Node: Output Separators276128 +Node: OFMT278146 +Node: Printf279500 +Node: Basic Printf280285 +Node: Control Letters281855 +Node: Format Modifiers285838 +Node: Printf Examples291847 +Node: Redirection294333 +Node: Special FD301174 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304334 +Node: Special Files304408 +Node: Other Inherited Files305025 +Node: Special Network306025 +Node: Special Caveats306887 +Node: Close Files And Pipes307838 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1315020 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315168 +Node: Output Summary315318 +Node: Output Exercises316316 +Node: Expressions316996 +Node: Values318181 +Node: Constants318859 +Node: Scalar Constants319550 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320409 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers320659 +Node: Regexp Constants323677 +Node: Using Constant Regexps324202 +Node: Variables327345 +Node: Using Variables328000 +Node: Assignment Options329911 +Node: Conversion331786 +Node: Strings And Numbers332310 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335375 +Node: Locale influences conversions335484 +Ref: table-locale-affects338231 +Node: All Operators338819 +Node: Arithmetic Ops339449 +Node: Concatenation341954 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344773 +Node: Assignment Ops344879 +Ref: table-assign-ops349858 +Node: Increment Ops351130 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions354568 +Node: Truth Values355653 +Node: Typing and Comparison356702 +Node: Variable Typing357512 +Node: Comparison Operators361165 +Ref: table-relational-ops361575 +Node: POSIX String Comparison365070 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366142 +Node: Boolean Ops366280 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370759 +Node: Conditional Exp370850 +Node: Function Calls372577 +Node: Precedence376457 +Node: Locales380118 +Node: Expressions Summary381750 +Node: Patterns and Actions384310 +Node: Pattern Overview385430 +Node: Regexp Patterns387109 +Node: Expression Patterns387652 +Node: Ranges391362 +Node: BEGIN/END394468 +Node: Using BEGIN/END395229 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397963 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END398069 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400383 +Node: Empty403284 +Node: Using Shell Variables403601 +Node: Action Overview405874 +Node: Statements408200 +Node: If Statement410048 +Node: While Statement411543 +Node: Do Statement413572 +Node: For Statement414716 +Node: Switch Statement417873 +Node: Break Statement420255 +Node: Continue Statement422296 +Node: Next Statement424123 +Node: Nextfile Statement426504 +Node: Exit Statement429134 +Node: Built-in Variables431537 +Node: User-modified432670 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440351 +Node: Auto-set440413 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454105 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2454310 +Node: ARGC and ARGV454366 +Node: Pattern Action Summary458584 +Node: Arrays461011 +Node: Array Basics462340 +Node: Array Intro463184 +Ref: figure-array-elements465148 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1467674 +Node: Reference to Elements467802 +Node: Assigning Elements470254 +Node: Array Example470745 +Node: Scanning an Array472503 +Node: Controlling Scanning475519 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1480715 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts481031 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483216 +Node: Delete484833 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487576 +Node: Multidimensional487633 +Node: Multiscanning490730 +Node: Arrays of Arrays492319 +Node: Arrays Summary497078 +Node: Functions499170 +Node: Built-in500069 +Node: Calling Built-in501147 +Node: Numeric Functions503138 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1507957 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2508314 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3508362 +Node: String Functions508634 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1532109 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2532238 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3532486 +Node: Gory Details532573 +Ref: table-sub-escapes534354 +Ref: table-sub-proposed535874 +Ref: table-posix-sub537238 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes538774 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1539606 +Node: I/O Functions539757 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1546975 +Node: Time Functions547122 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1557610 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2557678 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3557836 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4557947 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5558059 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6558286 +Node: Bitwise Functions558552 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops559114 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1563423 +Node: Type Functions563592 +Node: I18N Functions564743 +Node: User-defined566388 +Node: Definition Syntax567193 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572600 +Node: Function Example572671 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1575590 +Node: Function Caveats575612 +Node: Calling A Function576130 +Node: Variable Scope577088 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference580076 +Node: Return Statement583571 +Node: Dynamic Typing586552 +Node: Indirect Calls587481 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1598783 +Node: Functions Summary598911 +Node: Library Functions601613 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1605222 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2605365 +Node: Library Names605536 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1608990 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2609213 +Node: General Functions609299 +Node: Strtonum Function610402 +Node: Assert Function613424 +Node: Round Function616748 +Node: Cliff Random Function618289 +Node: Ordinal Functions619305 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1622368 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2622620 +Node: Join Function622831 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1624600 +Node: Getlocaltime Function624800 +Node: Readfile Function628544 +Node: Shell Quoting630514 +Node: Data File Management631915 +Node: Filetrans Function632547 +Node: Rewind Function636603 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gettext-Footnote-1817410 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2817594 +Node: Programmer i18n817759 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1822625 +Node: Translator i18n822674 +Node: String Extraction823468 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1824599 +Node: Printf Ordering824685 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1827471 +Node: I18N Portability827535 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1829990 +Node: I18N Example830053 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1832856 +Node: Gawk I18N832928 +Node: I18N Summary833566 +Node: Debugger834905 +Node: Debugging835927 +Node: Debugging Concepts836368 +Node: Debugging Terms838221 +Node: Awk Debugging840793 +Node: Sample Debugging Session841687 +Node: Debugger Invocation842207 +Node: Finding The Bug843591 +Node: List of Debugger Commands850066 +Node: Breakpoint Control851399 +Node: Debugger Execution Control855095 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data858459 +Node: Execution Stack861837 +Node: Debugger Info863474 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands867491 +Node: Readline Support872520 +Node: Limitations873412 +Node: Debugging Summary875526 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic876694 +Node: Computer Arithmetic878110 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges881708 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1882567 +Node: Math Definitions882624 +Ref: table-ieee-formats885912 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1886516 +Node: MPFR features886621 +Node: FP Math Caution888292 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1889342 +Node: Inexactness of computations889711 +Node: Inexact representation890670 +Node: Comparing FP Values892027 +Node: Errors accumulate893109 +Node: Getting Accuracy894542 +Node: Try To Round897204 +Node: Setting precision898103 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings898787 +Node: Setting the rounding mode900576 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes900940 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1904395 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers904574 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1909473 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems909622 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1913495 +Node: Floating point summary913533 +Node: Dynamic Extensions915727 +Node: Extension Intro917279 +Node: Plugin License918545 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline919342 +Ref: figure-load-extension919770 +Ref: figure-register-new-function921250 +Ref: figure-call-new-function922254 +Node: Extension API Description924240 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction925690 +Node: General Data Types930514 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1936253 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions936552 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1939391 +Node: Constructor Functions939487 +Node: Registration Functions941221 +Node: Extension Functions941906 +Node: Exit Callback Functions944203 +Node: Extension Version String945451 +Node: Input Parsers946116 +Node: Output Wrappers955995 +Node: Two-way processors960510 +Node: Printing Messages962714 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1963790 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'963942 +Node: Requesting Values964682 +Ref: table-value-types-returned965410 +Node: Accessing Parameters966367 +Node: Symbol Table Access967598 +Node: Symbol table by name968112 +Node: Symbol table by cookie970093 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1974237 +Node: Cached values974300 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1977799 +Node: Array Manipulation977890 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1978988 +Node: Array Data Types979025 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1981680 +Node: Array Functions981772 +Node: Flattening Arrays985626 +Node: Creating Arrays992518 +Node: Extension API Variables997289 +Node: Extension Versioning997925 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables999826 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1000891 +Node: Finding Extensions1004700 +Node: Extension Example1005260 +Node: Internal File Description1006032 +Node: Internal File Ops1010099 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11021769 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1021909 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11024292 +Node: Extension Samples1024565 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1026091 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1033729 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1035220 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1036435 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1038110 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1038946 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1039822 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1040633 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1041223 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1041963 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1043903 +Node: Extension Sample Time1044998 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1046347 +Node: gawkextlib1046838 +Node: Extension summary1049496 +Node: Extension Exercises1053185 +Node: Language History1053907 +Node: V7/SVR3.11055563 +Node: SVR41057744 +Node: POSIX1059189 +Node: BTL1060578 +Node: POSIX/GNU1061312 +Node: Feature History1066936 +Node: Common Extensions1080034 +Node: Ranges and Locales1081358 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11085976 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21086003 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31086237 +Node: Contributors1086458 +Node: History summary1091999 +Node: Installation1093369 +Node: Gawk Distribution1094315 +Node: Getting1094799 +Node: Extracting1095622 +Node: Distribution contents1097257 +Node: Unix Installation1103322 +Node: Quick Installation1104005 +Node: Shell Startup Files1106416 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1107495 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1109234 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1111603 +Node: PC Installation1112061 +Node: PC Binary Installation1113380 +Node: PC Compiling1115228 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11118249 +Node: PC Testing1118358 +Node: PC Using1119534 +Node: Cygwin1123649 +Node: MSYS1124472 +Node: VMS Installation1124972 +Node: VMS Compilation1125764 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11126986 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1127044 +Node: VMS Installation Details1128728 +Node: VMS Running1130980 +Node: VMS GNV1133816 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1134550 +Node: Bugs1135020 +Node: Other Versions1138903 +Node: Installation summary1145331 +Node: Notes1146387 +Node: Compatibility Mode1147252 +Node: Additions1148034 +Node: Accessing The Source1148959 +Node: Adding Code1150395 +Node: New Ports1156560 +Node: Derived Files1161042 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11166517 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21166551 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31167147 +Node: Future Extensions1167261 +Node: Implementation Limitations1167867 +Node: Extension Design1169115 +Node: Old Extension Problems1170269 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11171786 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1171843 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11175203 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1175392 +Node: Extension Future Growth1177500 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1178336 +Node: Notes summary1180098 +Node: Basic Concepts1181284 +Node: Basic High Level1181965 +Ref: figure-general-flow1182237 +Ref: figure-process-flow1182836 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11186065 +Node: Basic Data Typing1186250 +Node: Glossary1189578 +Node: Copying1214736 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1252292 +Node: Index1277428 End Tag Table |