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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1281 |
1 files changed, 661 insertions, 620 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 8b5e572f..e6c9a5d4 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -2563,10 +2563,8 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: different file name for the output. No space is allowed between the `-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied. - NOTE: Due to the way `gawk' has evolved, with this option - your program is still executed. This will change in the next - major release such that `gawk' will only pretty-print the - program and not run it. + NOTE: In the past, this option would also execute your + program. This is no longer the case. `-O' `--optimize' @@ -2950,11 +2948,6 @@ change. The variables are: supposed to be differences, but occasionally theory and practice don't coordinate with each other.) -`GAWK_NO_PP_RUN' - If this variable exists, then when invoked with the - `--pretty-print' option, `gawk' skips running the program. This - variable will not survive into the next major release. - `GAWK_STACKSIZE' This specifies the amount by which `gawk' should grow its internal evaluation stack, when needed. @@ -10163,10 +10156,18 @@ Options::), they are not special. An associative array containing the values of the environment. The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of the particular environment variables. For - example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `"/home/arnold"'. Changing - this array does not affect the environment passed on to any - programs that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()' - function. (In a future version of `gawk', it may do so.) + example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'. + + For POSIX `awk', changing this array does not affect the + environment passed on to any programs that `awk' may spawn via + redirection or the `system()' function. + + However, beginning with version 4.2, if not in POSIX compatibility + mode, `gawk' does update its own environment when `ENVIRON' is + changed, thus changing the environment seen by programs that it + creates. You should therefore be especially careful if you modify + `ENVIRON["PATH"]"', which is the search path for finding + executable programs. Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for @@ -11679,6 +11680,21 @@ brackets ([ ]): `cos(X)' Return the cosine of X, with X in radians. +`div(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' + Perform integer division, similar to the standard C function of the + same name. First, truncate `numerator' and `denominator' towards + zero, creating integer values. Clear the `result' array, and then + set `result["quotient"]' to the result of `numerator / + denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set + `result["remainder"]' to the result of `numerator % denominator', + truncated towards zero to an integer. This function is primarily + intended for use with arbitrary length integers; it avoids + creating MPFR arbitrary precision floating-point values (*note + Arbitrary Precision Integers::). + + This function is a `gawk' extension. It is not available in + compatibility mode (*note Options::). + `exp(X)' Return the exponential of X (`e ^ X') or report an error if X is out of range. The range of values X can have depends on your @@ -19635,8 +19651,8 @@ by the `Ctrl-<\>' key. called this way, `gawk' "pretty prints" the program into `awkprof.out', without any execution counts. - NOTE: The `--pretty-print' option still runs your program. This - will change in the next major release. + NOTE: Once upon a time, the `--pretty-print' option would also run + your program. This is is no longer the case. File: gawk.info, Node: Advanced Features Summary, Prev: Profiling, Up: Advanced Features @@ -22081,6 +22097,29 @@ just use the following: gawk -M 'BEGIN { n = 13; print n % 2 }' + When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either `/' or +`%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point +value (unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In +order to do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision +integers, use the built-in `div()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). + + You can simulate the `div()' function in standard `awk' using this +user-defined function: + + # div --- do integer division + + function div(numerator, denominator, result, i) + { + split("", result) + + numerator = int(numerator) + denominator = int(denominator) + result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) + result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) + + return 0.0 + } + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) Weisstein, Eric W. `Sylvester's Sequence'. From MathWorld--A @@ -27005,7 +27044,9 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files `doc/igawk.1' The `troff' source for a manual page describing the `igawk' - program presented in *note Igawk Program::. + program presented in *note Igawk Program::. (Since `gawk' can do + its own `@include' processing, neither `igawk' nor `igawk.1' are + installed.) `doc/Makefile.in' The input file used during the configuration process to generate @@ -27047,11 +27088,10 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files contains a `Makefile.in' file, which `configure' uses to generate a `Makefile'. `Makefile.am' is used by GNU Automake to create `Makefile.in'. The library functions from *note Library - Functions::, and the `igawk' program from *note Igawk Program::, - are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' distribution. - They are installed as part of the installation process. The rest - of the programs in this Info file are available in appropriate - subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. + Functions::, are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' + distribution. They are installed as part of the installation + process. The rest of the programs in this Info file are available + in appropriate subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. `extension/*' The source code, manual pages, and infrastructure files for the @@ -30984,20 +31024,20 @@ Index * --include option: Options. (line 159) * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 185) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) -* --lint-old option: Options. (line 295) +* --lint-old option: Options. (line 293) * --load option: Options. (line 173) * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 211) * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data. (line 36) -* --optimize option: Options. (line 237) -* --posix option: Options. (line 254) -* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 273) +* --optimize option: Options. (line 235) +* --posix option: Options. (line 252) +* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 271) * --pretty-print option: Options. (line 224) * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 12) -* --profile option: Options. (line 242) -* --re-interval option: Options. (line 279) -* --sandbox option: Options. (line 286) +* --profile option: Options. (line 240) +* --re-interval option: Options. (line 277) +* --sandbox option: Options. (line 284) * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions. (line 97) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) @@ -31005,9 +31045,9 @@ Index (line 6) * --source option: Options. (line 117) * --traditional option: Options. (line 81) -* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 273) +* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 271) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 219) -* --version option: Options. (line 300) +* --version option: Options. (line 298) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 35) * -b option: Options. (line 68) @@ -31020,26 +31060,26 @@ Index * -f option: Options. (line 25) * -F option: Options. (line 21) * -f option: Long. (line 12) -* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 308) +* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 306) * -F option, command line: Command Line Field Separator. (line 6) -* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 313) +* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 311) * -g option: Options. (line 147) * -h option: Options. (line 154) * -i option: Options. (line 159) -* -L option: Options. (line 295) +* -L option: Options. (line 293) * -l option: Options. (line 173) * -M option: Options. (line 205) * -N option: Options. (line 219) * -n option: Options. (line 211) -* -O option: Options. (line 237) +* -O option: Options. (line 235) * -o option: Options. (line 224) -* -P option: Options. (line 254) -* -p option: Options. (line 242) -* -r option: Options. (line 279) -* -S option: Options. (line 286) +* -P option: Options. (line 252) +* -p option: Options. (line 240) +* -r option: Options. (line 277) +* -S option: Options. (line 284) * -v option: Assignment Options. (line 12) -* -V option: Options. (line 300) +* -V option: Options. (line 298) * -v option: Options. (line 32) * -W option: Options. (line 46) * . (period), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44) @@ -31312,7 +31352,7 @@ Index * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 24) * awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108) * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 137) -* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 242) +* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 240) * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6) * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12) @@ -31719,7 +31759,7 @@ Index * cosine: Numeric Functions. (line 15) * counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) -* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 355) +* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 353) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 44) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 73) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -31754,9 +31794,9 @@ Index * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 98) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 301) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 309) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -31902,7 +31942,7 @@ Index * debugger, read commands from a file: Debugger Info. (line 96) * debugging awk programs: Debugger. (line 6) * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) -* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 270) +* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 268) * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 71) @@ -31941,12 +31981,12 @@ Index (line 81) * differences in awk and gawk, command line directories: Command line directories. (line 6) -* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 37) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 115) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 123) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -31969,7 +32009,7 @@ Index (line 260) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 128) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 136) * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records. (line 124) @@ -31979,7 +32019,7 @@ Index (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 257) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 265) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -31987,7 +32027,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 77) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 261) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 269) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 152) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -32003,6 +32043,7 @@ Index * display debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 8) * display debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 57) +* div: Numeric Functions. (line 18) * division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * do-while statement: Do Statement. (line 6) * do-while statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19) @@ -32027,8 +32068,8 @@ Index * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) -* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 133) -* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 137) +* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 141) +* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 145) * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6) * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 24) * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54) @@ -32084,13 +32125,13 @@ Index (line 11) * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 24) * ERRNO variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * ERRNO variable, with close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 139) * ERRNO variable, with getline command: Getline. (line 19) * error handling: Special FD. (line 16) -* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 74) +* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 82) * error output: Special FD. (line 6) * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -32123,10 +32164,10 @@ Index * exit status, of VMS: VMS Running. (line 29) * exit the debugger: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expand utility: Very Simple. (line 69) * Expat XML parser library: gawkextlib. (line 35) -* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expressions: Expressions. (line 6) * expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 6) * expressions, assignment: Assignment Ops. (line 6) @@ -32144,7 +32185,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 224) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 232) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -32223,7 +32264,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 46) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 98) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -32291,9 +32332,9 @@ Index * flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 99) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 107) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 301) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 309) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -32330,7 +32371,7 @@ Index * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) -* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 266) +* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 264) * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 35) * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 68) * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -32343,7 +32384,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 61) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 115) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 123) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function definition example: Function Example. (line 6) @@ -32393,7 +32434,7 @@ Index * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 82) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) * gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 199) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 207) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 12) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 23) @@ -32414,13 +32455,13 @@ Index * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents. (line 6) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 74) +* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 82) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 139) * gawk, ERRNO variable in: Getline. (line 19) * gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 124) -* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 254) +* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 252) * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6) * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 71) @@ -32431,7 +32472,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 27) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 115) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 123) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -32462,7 +32503,7 @@ Index * gawk, OS/2 version of: PC Using. (line 16) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 117) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 128) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 136) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -32470,18 +32511,18 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 162) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 257) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 124) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 36) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 88) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 261) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 269) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 152) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 36) -* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 300) +* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 298) * gawk, VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 63) @@ -32563,7 +32604,7 @@ Index * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) -* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 172) +* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 180) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 139) * gsub: Using Constant Regexps. @@ -32662,7 +32703,7 @@ Index * installation, VMS: VMS Installation. (line 6) * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 89) -* int: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* int: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) @@ -32792,7 +32833,7 @@ Index * lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16) * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 185) * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. - (line 340) + (line 338) * lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 88) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 88) @@ -32806,14 +32847,14 @@ Index * loading, extensions: Options. (line 173) * local variables, in a function: Variable Scope. (line 6) * locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81) -* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 270) +* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 268) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 30) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 45) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 30) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 45) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -32854,7 +32895,7 @@ Index * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) * mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 124) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 213) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 221) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 149) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) @@ -32867,7 +32908,7 @@ Index * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) * metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 130) -* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 216) +* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 224) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -32890,7 +32931,7 @@ Index * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 67) -* newlines <2>: Options. (line 260) +* newlines <2>: Options. (line 258) * newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6) * newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) @@ -32919,7 +32960,7 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 112) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -32928,9 +32969,9 @@ Index * non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements. (line 23) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 123) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 131) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 301) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 309) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -33045,7 +33086,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 181) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 189) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 80) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33112,7 +33153,7 @@ Index * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 60) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) -* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 360) +* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 358) * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 510) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 37) @@ -33161,11 +33202,11 @@ Index * POSIX awk, regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 162) * POSIX awk, timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6) * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 55) -* POSIX mode: Options. (line 254) +* POSIX mode: Options. (line 252) * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 23) * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 340) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 338) * PREC variable: User-modified. (line 124) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 60) @@ -33208,24 +33249,24 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 175) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 178) +* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 183) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 186) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 23) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 128) +* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 136) * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 117) * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15) * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions. (line 161) -* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 234) +* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 242) * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 179) -* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 146) +* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 154) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programmers, attractiveness of: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. @@ -33270,12 +33311,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 34) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 49) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 34) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 64) + (line 49) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 79) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 65) @@ -33345,7 +33386,7 @@ Index (line 59) * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 70) -* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 279) +* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 277) * regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest. (line 6) * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6) @@ -33385,7 +33426,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 52) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 244) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 252) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 224) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) @@ -33403,7 +33444,7 @@ Index * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39) * Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 82) * Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 42) -* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * round() user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16) * rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6) * ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 128) @@ -33411,9 +33452,9 @@ Index * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 52) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 250) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 258) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 224) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 257) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 124) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15) @@ -33426,14 +33467,14 @@ Index (line 68) * sample debugging session: Sample Debugging Session. (line 6) -* sandbox mode: Options. (line 286) +* sandbox mode: Options. (line 284) * save debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 84) * scalar or array: Type Functions. (line 11) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133) -* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 284) +* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 292) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -33453,7 +33494,7 @@ Index * sed utility <2>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 64) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 79) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) @@ -33518,7 +33559,7 @@ Index (line 110) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Field Splitting Summary. (line 38) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 299) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 307) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 138) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. @@ -33555,8 +33596,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 75) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 75) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 90) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 90) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 33) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -33606,10 +33647,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 114) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 78) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 93) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 78) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 82) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 93) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 97) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 296) * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 23) @@ -33681,9 +33722,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 479) * substring: String Functions. (line 479) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 64) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 229) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 237) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 261) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 269) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system: I/O Functions. (line 75) @@ -33861,10 +33902,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 199) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 224) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 210) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 206) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 207) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 232) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 218) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 214) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9) @@ -33898,7 +33939,7 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) -* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 260) +* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 258) * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 34) * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 79) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 27) @@ -33992,511 +34033,511 @@ Node: Intro Summary109875 Node: Invoking Gawk110641 Node: Command Line112156 Node: Options112947 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1128776 -Node: Other Arguments128801 -Node: Naming Standard Input131463 -Node: Environment Variables132557 -Node: AWKPATH Variable133115 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1135987 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2136032 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable136292 -Node: Other Environment Variables137051 -Node: Exit Status140706 -Node: Include Files141381 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries144959 -Node: Obsolete146343 -Node: Undocumented147040 -Node: Invoking Summary147307 -Node: Regexp148887 -Node: Regexp Usage150337 -Node: Escape Sequences152370 -Node: Regexp Operators158037 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1165517 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2165664 -Node: Bracket Expressions165762 -Ref: table-char-classes167652 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators170592 -Node: Case-sensitivity174315 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1177207 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2177442 -Node: Leftmost Longest177550 -Node: Computed Regexps178751 -Node: Regexp Summary182123 -Node: Reading Files183594 -Node: Records185686 -Node: awk split records186429 -Node: gawk split records191287 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1195808 -Node: Fields195845 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1198809 -Node: Nonconstant Fields198895 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1201125 -Node: Changing Fields201327 -Node: Field Separators207281 -Node: Default Field Splitting209983 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting211100 -Node: Single Character Fields214441 -Node: Command Line Field Separator215500 -Node: Full Line Fields218842 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1219350 -Node: Field Splitting Summary219396 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1222495 -Node: Constant Size222596 -Node: Splitting By Content227203 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1230953 -Node: Multiple Line230993 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1236849 -Node: Getline237028 -Node: Plain Getline239244 -Node: Getline/Variable241339 -Node: Getline/File242486 -Node: Getline/Variable/File243870 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1245469 -Node: Getline/Pipe245556 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe248255 -Node: Getline/Coprocess249362 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess250614 -Node: Getline Notes251351 -Node: Getline Summary254155 -Ref: table-getline-variants254563 -Node: Read Timeout255475 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1259302 -Node: Command line directories259360 -Node: Input Summary260264 -Node: Input Exercises263401 -Node: Printing264134 -Node: Print265856 -Node: Print Examples267197 -Node: Output Separators269976 -Node: OFMT271992 -Node: Printf273350 -Node: Basic Printf274256 -Node: Control Letters275795 -Node: Format Modifiers279647 -Node: Printf Examples285674 -Node: Redirection288138 -Node: Special Files295110 -Node: Special FD295641 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1299265 -Node: Special Network299339 -Node: Special Caveats300189 -Node: Close Files And Pipes300985 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1308146 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2308294 -Node: Output Summary308444 -Node: Output exercises309441 -Node: Expressions310121 -Node: Values311306 -Node: Constants311982 -Node: Scalar Constants312662 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1313521 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers313771 -Node: Regexp Constants316771 -Node: Using Constant Regexps317246 -Node: Variables320316 -Node: Using Variables320971 -Node: Assignment Options322695 -Node: Conversion324570 -Node: Strings And Numbers325094 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1328156 -Node: Locale influences conversions328265 -Ref: table-locale-affects330982 -Node: All Operators331570 -Node: Arithmetic Ops332200 -Node: Concatenation334705 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1337501 -Node: Assignment Ops337621 -Ref: table-assign-ops342604 -Node: Increment Ops343921 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions347359 -Node: Truth Values348442 -Node: Typing and Comparison349491 -Node: Variable Typing350284 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1354184 -Node: Comparison Operators354306 -Ref: table-relational-ops354716 -Node: POSIX String Comparison358266 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1359350 -Node: Boolean Ops359488 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1363558 -Node: Conditional Exp363649 -Node: Function Calls365376 -Node: Precedence369256 -Node: Locales372925 -Node: Expressions Summary374556 -Node: Patterns and Actions377097 -Node: Pattern Overview378213 -Node: Regexp Patterns379890 -Node: Expression Patterns380433 -Node: Ranges384214 -Node: BEGIN/END387320 -Node: Using BEGIN/END388082 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1390818 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END390924 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE393209 -Node: Empty396140 -Node: Using Shell Variables396457 -Node: Action Overview398740 -Node: Statements401067 -Node: If Statement402915 -Node: While Statement404413 -Node: Do Statement406457 -Node: For Statement407613 -Node: Switch Statement410765 -Node: Break Statement412868 -Node: Continue Statement414923 -Node: Next Statement416716 -Node: Nextfile Statement419106 -Node: Exit Statement421761 -Node: Built-in Variables424165 -Node: User-modified425292 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1432981 -Node: Auto-set433043 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1445625 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2445830 -Node: ARGC and ARGV445886 -Node: Pattern Action Summary449740 -Node: Arrays451963 -Node: Array Basics453512 -Node: Array Intro454338 -Ref: figure-array-elements456311 -Node: Reference to Elements458718 -Node: Assigning Elements460991 -Node: Array Example461482 -Node: Scanning an Array463214 -Node: Controlling Scanning466229 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1471402 -Node: Delete471718 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1474483 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts474540 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts476723 -Node: Multidimensional478348 -Node: Multiscanning481441 -Node: Arrays of Arrays483030 -Node: Arrays Summary487693 -Node: Functions489798 -Node: Built-in490671 -Node: Calling Built-in491749 -Node: Numeric Functions493737 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1497571 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2497928 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3497976 -Node: String Functions498245 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1521256 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2521385 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3521633 -Node: Gory Details521720 -Ref: table-sub-escapes523389 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92524743 -Ref: table-sub-proposed526094 -Ref: table-posix-sub527448 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes528993 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1530169 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2530220 -Node: I/O Functions530371 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1537494 -Node: Time Functions537641 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1548105 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2548173 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3548331 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4548442 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5548554 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6548781 -Node: Bitwise Functions549047 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops549609 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1553854 -Node: Type Functions554038 -Node: I18N Functions555180 -Node: User-defined556825 -Node: Definition 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Management618165 -Node: Filetrans Function618797 -Node: Rewind Function622866 -Node: File Checking624253 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1625385 -Node: Empty Files625586 -Node: Ignoring Assigns627565 -Node: Getopt Function629119 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1640422 -Node: Passwd Functions640625 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1649604 -Node: Group Functions649692 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1657633 -Node: Walking Arrays657846 -Node: Library Functions Summary659449 -Node: Library exercises660837 -Node: Sample Programs662117 -Node: Running Examples662887 -Node: Clones663615 -Node: Cut Program664839 -Node: Egrep Program674707 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1682678 -Node: Id Program682788 -Node: Split Program686452 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1689990 -Node: Tee Program690118 -Node: Uniq Program692925 -Node: Wc Program700355 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1704620 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs704712 -Node: Dupword Program705925 -Node: Alarm Program707956 -Node: Translate Program712770 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1717161 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2717431 -Node: Labels Program717565 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1720936 -Node: Word Sorting721020 -Node: History Sorting725063 -Node: Extract Program726899 -Node: Simple Sed734435 -Node: Igawk Program737497 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1751808 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2752009 -Node: Anagram Program752147 -Node: Signature Program755215 -Node: Programs Summary756462 -Node: Programs Exercises757677 -Node: Advanced Features761328 -Node: Nondecimal Data763276 -Node: Array Sorting764853 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal765550 -Node: Array Sorting Functions773830 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1777737 -Node: Two-way I/O777931 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1783447 -Node: TCP/IP Networking783529 -Node: Profiling786373 -Node: Advanced Features Summary793915 -Node: Internationalization795779 -Node: I18N and L10N797259 -Node: Explaining gettext797945 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1803085 -Ref: Explaining 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Arithmetic861507 -Node: Computer Arithmetic862836 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1867223 -Node: Math Definitions867280 -Ref: table-ieee-formats870164 -Node: MPFR features870668 -Node: FP Math Caution872310 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1873351 -Node: Inexactness of computations873720 -Node: Inexact representation874668 -Node: Comparing FP Values876023 -Node: Errors accumulate876987 -Node: Getting Accuracy878420 -Node: Try To Round881079 -Node: Setting precision881978 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings882660 -Node: Setting the rounding mode884453 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes884817 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1888271 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers888450 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1891453 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems891602 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1895478 -Node: Floating point summary895516 -Node: Dynamic Extensions897733 -Node: Extension Intro899285 -Node: Plugin License900550 -Node: Extension Mechanism 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