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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 773 |
1 files changed, 348 insertions, 425 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 5684d7b7..0e03662b 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -12400,24 +12400,6 @@ brackets ([ ]): truncated toward zero. For example, 'int(3)' is 3, 'int(3.9)' is 3, 'int(-3.9)' is -3, and 'int(-3)' is -3 as well. -'intdiv(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' - Perform integer division, similar to the standard C 'div()' - function. First, truncate 'numerator' and 'denominator' towards - zero, creating integer values. Clear the 'result' array, and then - set 'result["quotient"]' to the result of 'numerator / - denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set - 'result["remainder"]' to the result of 'numerator % denominator', - truncated towards zero to an integer. Attempting division by zero - causes a fatal error. The function returns zero upon success, and - -1 upon error. - - This function is primarily intended for use with arbitrary length - integers; it avoids creating MPFR arbitrary precision - floating-point values (*note Arbitrary Precision Integers::). - - This function is a 'gawk' extension. It is not available in - compatibility mode (*note Options::). - 'log(X)' Return the natural logarithm of X, if X is positive; otherwise, return 'NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally, @@ -23215,59 +23197,7 @@ the following: When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either '/' or '%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point value -(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In order to -do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision integers, use -the built-in 'intdiv()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). - - You can simulate the 'intdiv()' function in standard 'awk' using this -user-defined function: - - # intdiv --- do integer division - - function intdiv(numerator, denominator, result) - { - split("", result) - - numerator = int(numerator) - denominator = int(denominator) - result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) - result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) - - return 0.0 - } - - The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses -'intdiv()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose -to set: - - # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi - - BEGIN { - digits = 100000 - two = 2 * 10 ^ digits - pi = two - for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { - d = m * 2 + 1 - x = pi * m - intdiv(x, d, result) - pi = result["quotient"] - pi = pi + two - } - print pi - } - - When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: - - It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's - Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take a - look at lines (23) - (25) here: - <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html>. - - The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works - from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP - calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory - devices with smallish word sizes. See - <http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899>. +(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -27579,9 +27509,6 @@ current version of 'gawk'. - The 'bindtextdomain()', 'dcgettext()', and 'dcngettext()' functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::) - - The 'intdiv()' function for doing integer division and - remainder (*note Numeric Functions::) - * Changes and/or additions in the command-line options: - The 'AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path @@ -28046,8 +27973,6 @@ POSIX 'awk', in the order they were added to 'gawk'. * The 'igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed when 'gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::. - * The 'intdiv()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::. - * The maximum number of hexadecimal digits in '\x' escapes is now two. *Note Escape Sequences::. @@ -34459,8 +34384,6 @@ Index * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90) * int: Numeric Functions. (line 24) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* intdiv: Numeric Functions. (line 29) -* intdiv <1>: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -34610,9 +34533,9 @@ Index * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -35076,12 +34999,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 52) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 34) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 52) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 82) + (line 34) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 64) @@ -35259,7 +35182,7 @@ Index * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22) * sed utility <1>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility <2>: Glossary. (line 16) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 82) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 9) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines. (line 90) @@ -35363,8 +35286,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 93) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 93) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 75) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 75) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -35414,10 +35337,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 116) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 96) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 96) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 100) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 78) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 82) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard: Manual History. (line 6) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Acknowledgments. (line 18) @@ -35982,341 +35905,341 @@ Node: Functions521910 Node: Built-in522948 Node: Calling Built-in524029 Node: Numeric Functions526025 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1530970 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2531327 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3531375 -Node: String Functions531647 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1555305 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2555433 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3555681 -Node: Gory Details555768 -Ref: table-sub-escapes557559 -Ref: table-sub-proposed559078 -Ref: table-posix-sub560441 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes561982 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1562805 -Node: I/O Functions562959 -Ref: table-system-return-values569541 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1571521 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2571669 -Node: Time Functions571789 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1582456 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2582524 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3582682 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4582793 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5582905 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6583132 -Node: Bitwise Functions583398 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops583992 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1590025 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2590198 -Node: Type Functions590389 -Node: I18N Functions593064 -Node: User-defined594715 -Node: Definition Syntax595520 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1601207 -Node: Function Example601278 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1604200 -Node: Function Caveats604222 -Node: Calling A Function604740 -Node: Variable Scope605698 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference608692 -Node: Return Statement612191 -Node: Dynamic Typing615170 -Node: Indirect Calls616100 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1626351 -Node: Functions Summary626479 -Node: Library Functions629184 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1632791 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2632934 -Node: Library Names633105 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1636565 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2636788 -Node: General Functions636874 -Node: Strtonum Function637977 -Node: Assert Function640999 -Node: Round Function644325 -Node: Cliff Random 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+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3793492 +Node: Anagram Program793607 +Node: Signature Program796669 +Node: Programs Summary797916 +Node: Programs Exercises799130 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1803259 +Node: Advanced Features803350 +Node: Nondecimal Data805340 +Node: Array Sorting806931 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal807631 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1815998 +Node: Array Sorting Functions816116 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1821207 +Node: Two-way I/O821403 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1827954 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2828141 +Node: TCP/IP Networking828223 +Node: Profiling831341 +Ref: Profiling-Footnote-1840013 +Node: Advanced Features Summary840336 +Node: Internationalization842180 +Node: I18N and L10N843660 +Node: Explaining gettext844347 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1850239 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2850424 +Node: Programmer i18n850589 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1855538 +Node: Translator i18n855587 +Node: String Extraction856381 +Ref: 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Outline952130 +Ref: figure-load-extension952569 +Ref: figure-register-new-function954134 +Ref: figure-call-new-function955226 +Node: Extension API Description957288 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction958930 +Node: General Data Types964264 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1971469 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions971768 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1974613 +Node: Constructor Functions974712 +Node: Registration Functions977711 +Node: Extension Functions978396 +Node: Exit Callback Functions983609 +Node: Extension Version String984859 +Node: Input Parsers985522 +Node: Output Wrappers998229 +Node: Two-way processors1002741 +Node: Printing Messages1005006 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11006177 +Node: Updating ERRNO1006330 +Node: Requesting Values1007069 +Ref: table-value-types-returned1007806 +Node: Accessing Parameters1008742 +Node: Symbol Table Access1009977 +Node: Symbol table by name1010489 +Node: Symbol table by cookie1012278 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11016463 +Node: Cached values1016527 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11020063 +Node: Array Manipulation1020154 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11021245 +Node: Array Data Types1021282 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11023940 +Node: Array Functions1024032 +Node: Flattening Arrays1028431 +Node: Creating Arrays1035372 +Node: Redirection API1040141 +Node: Extension API Variables1042983 +Node: Extension Versioning1043616 +Ref: gawk-api-version1044053 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1045781 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1046845 +Node: Changes from API V11050707 +Node: Finding Extensions1051367 +Node: Extension Example1051926 +Node: Internal File Description1052724 +Node: Internal File Ops1056804 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11068204 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1068344 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11070727 +Node: Extension Samples1071001 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1072530 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1080179 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1081666 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1082884 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1086094 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1086930 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1087819 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1088624 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1089213 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1089953 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1091895 +Node: Extension Sample Time1092990 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1094338 +Node: gawkextlib1094830 +Node: Extension summary1097277 +Node: Extension Exercises1100979 +Node: Language History1102477 +Node: V7/SVR3.11104133 +Node: SVR41106285 +Node: POSIX1107719 +Node: BTL1109098 +Node: POSIX/GNU1109827 +Node: Feature History1115605 +Node: Common Extensions1129970 +Node: Ranges and Locales1131253 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11135869 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21135896 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31136131 +Node: Contributors1136352 +Node: History summary1141912 +Node: Installation1143292 +Node: Gawk Distribution1144236 +Node: Getting1144720 +Node: Extracting1145681 +Node: Distribution contents1147319 +Node: Unix Installation1153661 +Node: Quick Installation1154343 +Node: Shell Startup Files1156757 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1157846 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1159835 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1162204 +Node: PC Installation1162664 +Node: PC Binary Installation1163502 +Node: PC Compiling1163937 +Node: PC Using1165054 +Node: Cygwin1168099 +Node: MSYS1168869 +Node: VMS Installation1169370 +Node: VMS Compilation1170161 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11171390 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1171448 +Node: VMS Installation Details1173133 +Node: VMS Running1175386 +Node: VMS GNV1179665 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1180400 +Node: Bugs1180871 +Node: Bug address1181534 +Node: Usenet1183931 +Node: Maintainers1184708 +Node: Other Versions1186084 +Node: Installation summary1192668 +Node: Notes1193703 +Node: Compatibility Mode1194568 +Node: Additions1195350 +Node: Accessing The Source1196275 +Node: Adding Code1197710 +Node: New Ports1203928 +Node: Derived Files1208416 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11213901 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21213936 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31214534 +Node: Future Extensions1214648 +Node: Implementation Limitations1215306 +Node: Extension Design1216489 +Node: Old Extension Problems1217643 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11219161 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1219218 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11222582 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1222771 +Node: Extension Future Growth1224884 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1225720 +Node: Notes summary1227483 +Node: Basic Concepts1228665 +Node: Basic High Level1229346 +Ref: figure-general-flow1229628 +Ref: figure-process-flow1230313 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11233614 +Node: Basic Data Typing1233799 +Node: Glossary1237127 +Node: Copying1269074 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1306613 +Node: Index1331731 End Tag Table |