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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1594 |
1 files changed, 874 insertions, 720 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index fe080ce1..bac9b228 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -615,6 +615,7 @@ entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". * Unix Installation:: Installing `gawk' under various versions of Unix. * Quick Installation:: Compiling `gawk' under Unix. +* Shell Startup Files:: Shell convenience functions. * Additional Configuration Options:: Other compile-time options. * Configuration Philosophy:: How it's all supposed to work. * Non-Unix Installation:: Installation on Other Operating @@ -2631,10 +2632,8 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: different file name for the output. No space is allowed between the `-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied. - NOTE: Due to the way `gawk' has evolved, with this option - your program is still executed. This will change in the next - major release such that `gawk' will only pretty-print the - program and not run it. + NOTE: In the past, this option would also execute your + program. This is no longer the case. `-O' `--optimize' @@ -2934,6 +2933,9 @@ Since `.' is included at the beginning, `gawk' searches first in the current directory and then in `/usr/local/share/awk'. In practice, this means that you will rarely need to change the value of `AWKPATH'. + *Note Shell Startup Files::, for information on functions that help +to manipulate the `AWKPATH' variable. + `gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path value from within an `awk' program. @@ -2973,6 +2975,9 @@ empty value, `gawk' uses a default path; this is typically `/usr/local/lib/gawk', although it can vary depending upon how `gawk' was built. + *Note Shell Startup Files::, for information on functions that help +to manipulate the `AWKLIBPATH' variable. + `gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into `ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path value from within an `awk' program. @@ -3044,13 +3049,6 @@ change. The variables are: supposed to be differences, but occasionally theory and practice don't coordinate with each other.) -`GAWK_NO_PP_RUN' - When `gawk' is invoked with the `--pretty-print' option, it will - not run the program if this environment variable exists. - - CAUTION: This variable will not survive into the next major - release. - `GAWK_STACKSIZE' This specifies the amount by which `gawk' should grow its internal evaluation stack, when needed. @@ -3442,15 +3440,18 @@ sequences apply to both string constants and regexp constants: `\xHH...' The hexadecimal value HH, where HH stands for a sequence of - hexadecimal digits (`0'-`9', and either `A'-`F' or `a'-`f'). Like - the same construct in ISO C, the escape sequence continues until - the first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. (c.e.) However, using - more than two hexadecimal digits produces undefined results. (The - `\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX `awk'.) - - CAUTION: The next major release of `gawk' will change, such - that a maximum of two hexadecimal digits following the `\x' - will be used. + hexadecimal digits (`0'-`9', and either `A'-`F' or `a'-`f'). A + maximum of two digts are allowed after the `\x'. Any further + hexadecimal digits are treated as simple letters or numbers. + (c.e.) (The `\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX awk.) + + CAUTION: In ISO C, the escape sequence continues until the + first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. For many years, `gawk' + would continue incorporating hexadecimal digits into the + value until a non-hexadecimal digit or the end of the string + was encountered. However, using more than two hexadecimal + digits produced undefined results. As of version *FIXME:* + 4.3.0, only two digits are processed. `\/' A literal slash (necessary for regexp constants only). This @@ -10319,10 +10320,24 @@ Options::), they are not special: An associative array containing the values of the environment. The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of the particular environment variables. For - example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `"/home/arnold"'. Changing - this array does not affect the environment passed on to any - programs that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()' - function. (In a future version of `gawk', it may do so.) + example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'. + + For POSIX `awk', changing this array does not affect the + environment passed on to any programs that `awk' may spawn via + redirection or the `system()' function. + + However, beginning with version 4.2, if not in POSIX compatibility + mode, `gawk' does update its own environment when `ENVIRON' is + changed, thus changing the environment seen by programs that it + creates. You should therefore be especially careful if you modify + `ENVIRON["PATH"]"', which is the search path for finding + executable programs. + + This can also affect the running `gawk' program, since some of the + built-in functions may pay attention to certain environment + variables. The most notable instance of this is `mktime()' (*note + Time Functions::), which pays attention the value of the `TZ' + environment variable on many systems. Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for @@ -11874,6 +11889,21 @@ brackets ([ ]): `cos(X)' Return the cosine of X, with X in radians. +`div(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' + Perform integer division, similar to the standard C function of the + same name. First, truncate `numerator' and `denominator' towards + zero, creating integer values. Clear the `result' array, and then + set `result["quotient"]' to the result of `numerator / + denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set + `result["remainder"]' to the result of `numerator % denominator', + truncated towards zero to an integer. This function is primarily + intended for use with arbitrary length integers; it avoids + creating MPFR arbitrary precision floating-point values (*note + Arbitrary Precision Integers::). + + This function is a `gawk' extension. It is not available in + compatibility mode (*note Options::). + `exp(X)' Return the exponential of X (`e ^ X') or report an error if X is out of range. The range of values X can have depends on your @@ -19863,8 +19893,7 @@ output. They are as follows: you typed when you wrote it. This is because `gawk' creates the profiled version by "pretty printing" its internal representation of the program. The advantage to this is that `gawk' can produce a -standard representation. The disadvantage is that all source-code -comments are lost. Also, things such as: +standard representation. Also, things such as: /foo/ @@ -19923,8 +19952,24 @@ by the `Ctrl-<\>' key. called this way, `gawk' "pretty prints" the program into `awkprof.out', without any execution counts. - NOTE: The `--pretty-print' option still runs your program. This - will change in the next major release. + NOTE: Once upon a time, the `--pretty-print' option would also run + your program. This is is no longer the case. + + There is a significant difference between the output created when +profiling, and that created when pretty-printing. Pretty-printed output +preserves the original comments that were in the program, although their +placement may not correspond exactly to their original locations in the +source code. + + However, as a deliberate design decision, profiling output _omits_ +the original program's comments. This allows you to focus on the +execution count data and helps you avoid the temptation to use the +profiler for pretty-printing. + + Additionally, pretty-printed output does not have the leading +indentation that the profiling output does. This makes it easy to +pretty-print your code once development is completed, and then use the +result as the final version of your program. File: gawk.info, Node: Advanced Features Summary, Prev: Profiling, Up: Advanced Features @@ -22411,6 +22456,62 @@ the following: gawk -M 'BEGIN { n = 13; print n % 2 }' + When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either `/' or +`%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point +value (unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In +order to do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision +integers, use the built-in `div()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). + + You can simulate the `div()' function in standard `awk' using this +user-defined function: + + # div --- do integer division + + function div(numerator, denominator, result) + { + split("", result) + + numerator = int(numerator) + denominator = int(denominator) + result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) + result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) + + return 0.0 + } + + The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses +`div()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose to +set: + + # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi + + BEGIN { + digits = 100000 + two = 2 * 10 ^ digits + pi = two + for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { + d = m * 2 + 1 + x = pi * m + div(x, d, result) + pi = result["quotient"] + pi = pi + two + } + print pi + } + + When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: + + It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's + Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take + a look at lines (23) - (25) here: + `http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.htm'. + + The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works + from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP + calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory + devices with smallish word sizes. See + `http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899'. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) Weisstein, Eric W. `Sylvester's Sequence'. From MathWorld--A @@ -26439,6 +26540,8 @@ the current version of `gawk'. - Ultrix + * Support for MirBSD was removed at `gawk' version 4.2. + File: gawk.info, Node: Feature History, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History @@ -27341,7 +27444,9 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files `doc/igawk.1' The `troff' source for a manual page describing the `igawk' - program presented in *note Igawk Program::. + program presented in *note Igawk Program::. (Since `gawk' can do + its own `@include' processing, neither `igawk' nor `igawk.1' are + installed.) `doc/Makefile.in' The input file used during the configuration process to generate @@ -27383,17 +27488,23 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files contains a `Makefile.in' file, which `configure' uses to generate a `Makefile'. `Makefile.am' is used by GNU Automake to create `Makefile.in'. The library functions from *note Library - Functions::, and the `igawk' program from *note Igawk Program::, - are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' distribution. - They are installed as part of the installation process. The rest - of the programs in this Info file are available in appropriate - subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. + Functions::, are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' + distribution. They are installed as part of the installation + process. The rest of the programs in this Info file are available + in appropriate subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. `extension/*' The source code, manual pages, and infrastructure files for the sample extensions included with `gawk'. *Note Dynamic Extensions::, for more information. +`extras/*' + Additional non-essential files. Currently, this directory + contains some shell startup files to be installed in + `/etc/profile.d' to aid in manipulating the `AWKPATH' and + `AWKLIBPATH' environment variables. *Note Shell Startup Files::, + for more information. + `posix/*' Files needed for building `gawk' on POSIX-compliant systems. @@ -27424,11 +27535,12 @@ configure `gawk' for your system yourself. * Menu: * Quick Installation:: Compiling `gawk' under Unix. +* Shell Startup Files:: Shell convenience functions. * Additional Configuration Options:: Other compile-time options. * Configuration Philosophy:: How it's all supposed to work. -File: gawk.info, Node: Quick Installation, Next: Additional Configuration Options, Up: Unix Installation +File: gawk.info, Node: Quick Installation, Next: Shell Startup Files, Up: Unix Installation B.2.1 Compiling `gawk' for Unix-Like Systems -------------------------------------------- @@ -27484,9 +27596,43 @@ will be asked for your password, and you will have to have been set up previously as a user who is allowed to run the `sudo' command. -File: gawk.info, Node: Additional Configuration Options, Next: Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Quick Installation, Up: Unix Installation +File: gawk.info, Node: Shell Startup Files, Next: Additional Configuration Options, Prev: Quick Installation, Up: Unix Installation + +B.2.2 Shell Startup Files +------------------------- + +The distribution contains shell startup files `gawk.sh' and `gawk.csh' +containing functions to aid in manipulating the `AWKPATH' and +`AWKLIBPATH' environment variables. On a Fedora system, these files +should be installed in `/etc/profile.d'; on other platforms, the +appropriate location may be different. + +`gawkpath_default' + Reset the `AWKPATH' environment variable to its default value. + +`gawkpath_prepend' + Add the argument to the front of the `AWKPATH' environment + variable. + +`gawkpath_append' + Add the argument to the end of the `AWKPATH' environment variable. + +`gawklibpath_default' + Reset the `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable to its default value. + +`gawklibpath_prepend' + Add the argument to the front of the `AWKLIBPATH' environment + variable. + +`gawklibpath_append' + Add the argument to the end of the `AWKLIBPATH' environment + variable. + + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Additional Configuration Options, Next: Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Shell Startup Files, Up: Unix Installation -B.2.2 Additional Configuration Options +B.2.3 Additional Configuration Options -------------------------------------- There are several additional options you may use on the `configure' @@ -27528,7 +27674,7 @@ supplied by `configure'. File: gawk.info, Node: Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Additional Configuration Options, Up: Unix Installation -B.2.3 The Configuration Process +B.2.4 The Configuration Process ------------------------------- This minor node is of interest only if you know something about using @@ -31333,20 +31479,20 @@ Index * --include option: Options. (line 159) * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 185) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) -* --lint-old option: Options. (line 297) +* --lint-old option: Options. (line 295) * --load option: Options. (line 173) * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 211) * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) -* --optimize option: Options. (line 238) -* --posix option: Options. (line 256) -* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 275) +* --optimize option: Options. (line 236) +* --posix option: Options. (line 254) +* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 273) * --pretty-print option: Options. (line 225) * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 12) -* --profile option: Options. (line 244) -* --re-interval option: Options. (line 281) -* --sandbox option: Options. (line 288) +* --profile option: Options. (line 242) +* --re-interval option: Options. (line 279) +* --sandbox option: Options. (line 286) * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions. (line 128) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) @@ -31354,9 +31500,9 @@ Index (line 6) * --source option: Options. (line 117) * --traditional option: Options. (line 81) -* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 275) +* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 273) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 220) -* --version option: Options. (line 302) +* --version option: Options. (line 300) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 35) * -b option: Options. (line 68) @@ -31364,32 +31510,32 @@ Index * -c option: Options. (line 81) * -D option: Options. (line 108) * -d option: Options. (line 93) -* -e option: Options. (line 338) +* -e option: Options. (line 336) * -E option: Options. (line 125) * -e option: Options. (line 117) * -f option: Options. (line 25) * -F option: Options. (line 21) * -f option: Long. (line 12) -* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 310) +* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 308) * -F option, command-line: Command Line Field Separator. (line 6) -* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 315) +* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 313) * -g option: Options. (line 147) * -h option: Options. (line 154) * -i option: Options. (line 159) -* -L option: Options. (line 297) +* -L option: Options. (line 295) * -l option: Options. (line 173) * -M option: Options. (line 205) * -N option: Options. (line 220) * -n option: Options. (line 211) -* -O option: Options. (line 238) +* -O option: Options. (line 236) * -o option: Options. (line 225) -* -P option: Options. (line 256) -* -p option: Options. (line 244) -* -r option: Options. (line 281) -* -S option: Options. (line 288) +* -P option: Options. (line 254) +* -p option: Options. (line 242) +* -r option: Options. (line 279) +* -S option: Options. (line 286) * -v option: Assignment Options. (line 12) -* -V option: Options. (line 302) +* -V option: Options. (line 300) * -v option: Options. (line 32) * -W option: Options. (line 46) * . (period), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44) @@ -31451,10 +31597,10 @@ Index (line 8) * [] (square brackets), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) * \ (backslash): Comments. (line 50) -* \ (backslash), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82) +* \ (backslash), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85) * \ (backslash), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* \ (backslash), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73) +* \ (backslash), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76) * \ (backslash), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 30) * \ (backslash), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. @@ -31494,7 +31640,7 @@ Index * \ (backslash), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) * \ (backslash), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6) * \ (backslash), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * \ (backslash), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 29) * \ (backslash), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) * \ (backslash), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18) @@ -31662,7 +31808,7 @@ Index * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 24) * awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108) * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 137) -* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 244) +* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 242) * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6) * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12) @@ -31720,10 +31866,10 @@ Index * awkvars.out file: Options. (line 93) * b debugger command (alias for break): Breakpoint Control. (line 11) * backslash (\): Comments. (line 50) -* backslash (\), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82) +* backslash (\), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85) * backslash (\), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* backslash (\), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73) +* backslash (\), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76) * backslash (\), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 30) * backslash (\), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. @@ -31763,7 +31909,7 @@ Index * backslash (\), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) * backslash (\), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6) * backslash (\), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * backslash (\), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 29) * backslash (\), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) * backslash (\), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18) @@ -31869,7 +32015,7 @@ Index (line 67) * Brian Kernighan's awk <12>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 82) -* Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 109) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 112) * Brian Kernighan's awk: When. (line 21) * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions: BTL. (line 6) * Brian Kernighan's awk, source code: Other Versions. (line 13) @@ -32063,7 +32209,7 @@ Index * cosine: Numeric Functions. (line 15) * counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) -* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 356) +* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 354) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 25) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 74) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -32094,12 +32240,12 @@ Index * dark corner, CONVFMT variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 40) * dark corner, escape sequences: Other Arguments. (line 38) * dark corner, escape sequences, for metacharacters: Escape Sequences. - (line 140) + (line 143) * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Full Line Fields. (line 22) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 314) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 328) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -32249,7 +32395,7 @@ Index * debugger, read commands from a file: Debugger Info. (line 96) * debugging awk programs: Debugger. (line 6) * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) -* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 272) +* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 270) * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -32288,12 +32434,12 @@ Index (line 81) * differences in awk and gawk, command-line directories: Command-line directories. (line 6) -* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 88) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 19) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 37) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 116) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 130) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -32316,7 +32462,7 @@ Index (line 263) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 130) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records. (line 125) @@ -32326,7 +32472,7 @@ Index (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 265) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 279) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -32334,7 +32480,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 77) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 269) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 283) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 151) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -32350,6 +32496,7 @@ Index * display debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 8) * display debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 57) +* div: Numeric Functions. (line 18) * division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * do-while statement: Do Statement. (line 6) * do-while statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19) @@ -32370,12 +32517,12 @@ Index * dump debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 9) * dupword.awk program: Dupword Program. (line 31) -* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) +* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178) * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) -* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 135) -* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 139) +* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 149) +* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 153) * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6) * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54) @@ -32430,13 +32577,13 @@ Index (line 11) * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * ERRNO variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 88) * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * ERRNO variable, with close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 141) * ERRNO variable, with getline command: Getline. (line 19) * error handling: Special FD. (line 19) -* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 74) +* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 88) * error output: Special FD. (line 6) * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -32469,10 +32616,10 @@ Index * exit status, of VMS: VMS Running. (line 28) * exit the debugger: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expand utility: Very Simple. (line 72) * Expat XML parser library: gawkextlib. (line 33) -* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expressions: Expressions. (line 6) * expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 6) * expressions, assignment: Assignment Ops. (line 6) @@ -32490,7 +32637,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 232) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 246) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -32571,7 +32718,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 48) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -32639,9 +32786,9 @@ Index * flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 100) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 114) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 314) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -32678,7 +32825,7 @@ Index * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) -* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 268) +* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 266) * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 35) * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 63) * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -32691,7 +32838,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 61) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 116) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 130) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect, @-notation for: Indirect Calls. (line 47) @@ -32740,8 +32887,8 @@ Index (line 44) * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) -* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 207) +* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 221) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21) @@ -32759,13 +32906,13 @@ Index * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents. (line 6) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 74) +* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 88) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 141) * gawk, ERRNO variable in: Getline. (line 19) -* gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 117) -* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 256) +* gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 120) +* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 254) * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6) * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 71) @@ -32776,7 +32923,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 25) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 116) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 130) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -32808,7 +32955,7 @@ Index * gawk, predefined variables and: Built-in Variables. (line 14) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 130) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 144) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -32816,23 +32963,29 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 125) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 269) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 283) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 151) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) -* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 302) +* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 300) * gawk, VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 63) * gawkextlib: gawkextlib. (line 6) * gawkextlib project: gawkextlib. (line 6) +* gawklibpath_append shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 29) +* gawklibpath_default shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 22) +* gawklibpath_prepend shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 25) +* gawkpath_append shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 19) +* gawkpath_default shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 12) +* gawkpath_prepend shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 15) * General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 305) * General Public License, See GPL: Manual History. (line 11) * generate time values: Time Functions. (line 25) @@ -32909,7 +33062,7 @@ Index * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) -* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 180) +* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 194) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 140) * gsub: Using Constant Regexps. @@ -32931,7 +33084,7 @@ Index * history expansion, in debugger: Readline Support. (line 6) * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25) * Hughes, Phil: Acknowledgments. (line 43) -* HUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 211) +* HUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210) * hyphen (-), - operator: Precedence. (line 52) * hyphen (-), -- operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) @@ -33010,8 +33163,8 @@ Index * installation, VMS: VMS Installation. (line 6) * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 89) -* int: Numeric Functions. (line 23) -* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* int: Numeric Functions. (line 38) +* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -33067,7 +33220,7 @@ Index * Kernighan, Brian <9>: Acknowledgments. (line 78) * Kernighan, Brian <10>: Conventions. (line 38) * Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17) -* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6) * Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 34) * l debugger command (alias for list): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. @@ -33139,7 +33292,7 @@ Index * lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16) * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 185) * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. - (line 341) + (line 339) * lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 85) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 88) @@ -33155,14 +33308,14 @@ Index * loading, extensions: Options. (line 173) * local variables, in a function: Variable Scope. (line 6) * locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81) -* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 272) +* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 270) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 28) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 43) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 28) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 43) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33203,8 +33356,8 @@ Index * mawk utility <2>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47) * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) -* mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 117) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 221) +* mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 120) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 235) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 149) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) @@ -33216,8 +33369,8 @@ Index (line 54) * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) -* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 136) -* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 224) +* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 139) +* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 238) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -33237,7 +33390,7 @@ Index * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 69) -* newlines <2>: Options. (line 262) +* newlines <2>: Options. (line 260) * newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6) * newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) @@ -33266,7 +33419,7 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 105) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -33275,9 +33428,9 @@ Index * non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements. (line 23) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 125) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 139) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 314) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -33391,7 +33544,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 189) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 203) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33433,14 +33586,14 @@ Index * plus sign (+), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82) * plus sign (+), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 105) * pointers to functions: Indirect Calls. (line 6) -* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 100) +* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 103) * portability, #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 33) * portability, ** operator and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * portability, **= operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 143) * portability, ARGV variable: Executable Scripts. (line 59) * portability, backslash continuation and: Statements/Lines. (line 30) * portability, backslash in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * portability, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes. (line 81) * portability, data files as single record: gawk split records. @@ -33458,7 +33611,7 @@ Index * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 60) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) -* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 361) +* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 359) * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 512) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 37) @@ -33479,7 +33632,7 @@ Index * POSIX awk, < operator and: Getline/File. (line 26) * POSIX awk, arithmetic operators and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 30) * POSIX awk, backslashes in string constants: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * POSIX awk, BEGIN/END patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16) * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and, character classes: Bracket Expressions. @@ -33506,11 +33659,11 @@ Index * POSIX awk, regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 161) * POSIX awk, timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6) * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 55) -* POSIX mode: Options. (line 256) +* POSIX mode: Options. (line 254) * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 21) * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 341) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 339) * PREC variable: User-modified. (line 123) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 60) @@ -33557,24 +33710,24 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 183) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 186) +* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 197) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 200) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 130) +* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15) * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions. (line 154) -* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 242) +* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 256) * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) -* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 179) -* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 148) +* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 178) +* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 162) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) @@ -33609,7 +33762,7 @@ Index * QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 139) * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) * quoting in gawk command lines: Long. (line 26) * quoting in gawk command lines, tricks for: Quoting. (line 91) * quoting, for small awk programs: Comments. (line 27) @@ -33618,12 +33771,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 33) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 48) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 33) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 63) + (line 48) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 65) @@ -33692,7 +33845,7 @@ Index (line 59) * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 70) -* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 281) +* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 279) * regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest. (line 6) * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6) @@ -33732,7 +33885,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 252) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 266) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -33750,7 +33903,7 @@ Index * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39) * Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 42) -* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * round() user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16) * rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6) * ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 127) @@ -33758,9 +33911,9 @@ Index * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 258) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 272) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 125) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15) @@ -33773,14 +33926,14 @@ Index (line 68) * sample debugging session: Sample Debugging Session. (line 6) -* sandbox mode: Options. (line 288) +* sandbox mode: Options. (line 286) * save debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 84) * scalar or array: Type Functions. (line 11) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133) -* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 297) +* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 311) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -33799,7 +33952,7 @@ Index * sed utility <1>: Glossary. (line 16) * sed utility <2>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 63) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) @@ -33860,14 +34013,14 @@ Index * sidebar, A Constant's Base Does Not Affect Its Value: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 64) * sidebar, Backslash Before Regular Characters: Escape Sequences. - (line 103) + (line 106) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields. (line 14) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 312) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 326) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 138) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. - (line 134) + (line 137) * sidebar, FS and IGNORECASE: Field Splitting Summary. (line 38) * sidebar, Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering: I/O Functions. @@ -33889,19 +34042,19 @@ Index (line 57) * sidebar, Using close()'s Return Value: Close Files And Pipes. (line 131) -* SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 211) -* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* signals, HUP/SIGHUP, for profiling: Profiling. (line 211) -* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1, for profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210) +* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* signals, HUP/SIGHUP, for profiling: Profiling. (line 210) +* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1, for profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * signature program: Signature Program. (line 6) -* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 74) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 74) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 89) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 89) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -33951,10 +34104,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 113) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 77) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 92) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 77) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 81) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 92) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 96) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 296) * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 23) @@ -34025,9 +34178,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 481) * substring: String Functions. (line 481) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 68) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 237) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 251) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 269) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 283) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system: I/O Functions. (line 106) @@ -34094,7 +34247,7 @@ Index (line 37) * troubleshooting, awk uses FS not IFS: Field Separators. (line 30) * troubleshooting, backslash before nonspecial character: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * troubleshooting, division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * troubleshooting, fatal errors, field widths, specifying: Constant Size. (line 22) @@ -34150,7 +34303,7 @@ Index * uniq.awk program: Uniq Program. (line 65) * Unix: Glossary. (line 611) * Unix awk, backslashes in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. - (line 117) + (line 120) * Unix awk, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes. (line 133) * Unix awk, password files, field separators and: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -34170,7 +34323,7 @@ Index * user-modifiable variables: User-modified. (line 6) * users, information about, printing: Id Program. (line 6) * users, information about, retrieving: Passwd Functions. (line 16) -* USR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* USR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * values, numeric: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * values, string: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * variable assignments and input files: Other Arguments. (line 26) @@ -34204,10 +34357,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 207) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 232) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 218) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 214) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 221) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 246) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 232) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 228) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9) @@ -34244,7 +34397,7 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) -* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 262) +* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 260) * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 34) * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 79) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 27) @@ -34297,559 +34450,560 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1204 -Node: Foreword342156 -Node: Foreword446598 -Node: Preface48031 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-150902 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-251009 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-351242 -Node: History51384 -Node: Names53730 -Ref: Names-Footnote-154824 -Node: This Manual54970 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161457 -Node: Conventions61557 -Node: Manual History63895 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-166877 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-266918 -Node: How To Contribute66992 -Node: Acknowledgments68121 -Node: Getting Started72926 -Node: Running gawk75359 -Node: One-shot76549 -Node: Read Terminal77797 -Node: Long79824 -Node: Executable Scripts81340 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184129 -Node: Comments84232 -Node: Quoting86714 -Node: DOS Quoting92238 -Node: Sample Data Files92913 -Node: Very Simple95508 -Node: Two Rules100406 -Node: More Complex102292 -Node: Statements/Lines105154 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109609 -Node: Other Features109874 -Node: When110805 -Ref: When-Footnote-1112559 -Node: Intro Summary112624 -Node: Invoking Gawk113507 -Node: Command Line115021 -Node: Options115819 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1131752 -Ref: Options-Footnote-2131981 -Node: Other Arguments132006 -Node: Naming Standard Input134954 -Node: Environment Variables136047 -Node: AWKPATH Variable136605 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1139908 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2139953 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140213 -Node: Other Environment Variables141356 -Node: Exit Status145084 -Node: Include Files145760 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries149357 -Node: Obsolete150784 -Node: Undocumented151481 -Node: Invoking Summary151748 -Node: Regexp153412 -Node: Regexp Usage154866 -Node: Escape Sequences156903 -Node: Regexp Operators162914 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170340 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170487 -Node: Bracket Expressions170585 -Ref: table-char-classes172600 -Node: Leftmost Longest175524 -Node: Computed Regexps176826 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators180223 -Node: Case-sensitivity183896 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1186781 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187016 -Node: Regexp Summary187124 -Node: Reading Files188591 -Node: Records190685 -Node: awk split records191418 -Node: gawk split records196333 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1200877 -Node: Fields200914 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203690 -Node: Nonconstant Fields203776 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206019 -Node: Changing Fields206223 -Node: Field Separators212152 -Node: Default Field Splitting214857 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting215974 -Node: Single Character Fields219324 -Node: Command Line Field Separator220383 -Node: Full Line Fields223595 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225112 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225158 -Node: Field Splitting Summary225259 -Node: Constant Size227333 -Node: Splitting By Content231922 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1235916 -Node: Multiple Line236079 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1241965 -Node: Getline242144 -Node: Plain Getline244356 -Node: Getline/Variable246996 -Node: Getline/File248144 -Node: Getline/Variable/File249528 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251131 -Node: Getline/Pipe251218 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe253901 -Node: Getline/Coprocess255032 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256284 -Node: Getline Notes257023 -Node: Getline Summary259815 -Ref: table-getline-variants260227 -Node: Read Timeout261056 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1264881 -Node: Command-line directories264939 -Node: Input Summary265844 -Node: Input Exercises269145 -Node: Printing269873 -Node: Print271650 -Node: Print Examples273107 -Node: Output Separators275886 -Node: OFMT277904 -Node: Printf279258 -Node: Basic Printf280043 -Node: Control Letters281613 -Node: Format Modifiers285596 -Node: Printf Examples291605 -Node: Redirection294091 -Node: Special FD300932 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304092 -Node: Special Files304166 -Node: Other Inherited Files304783 -Node: Special Network305783 -Node: Special Caveats306645 -Node: Close Files And Pipes307596 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1314778 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2314926 -Node: Output Summary315076 -Node: Output Exercises316074 -Node: Expressions316754 -Node: Values317939 -Node: Constants318617 -Node: Scalar Constants319308 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320167 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers320417 -Node: Regexp Constants323435 -Node: Using Constant Regexps323960 -Node: Variables327103 -Node: Using Variables327758 -Node: Assignment Options329669 -Node: Conversion331544 -Node: Strings And Numbers332068 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335133 -Node: Locale influences conversions335242 -Ref: table-locale-affects337989 -Node: All Operators338577 -Node: Arithmetic Ops339207 -Node: Concatenation341712 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344531 -Node: Assignment Ops344637 -Ref: table-assign-ops349616 -Node: Increment Ops350888 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions354326 -Node: Truth Values355411 -Node: Typing and Comparison356460 -Node: Variable Typing357270 -Node: Comparison Operators360923 -Ref: table-relational-ops361333 -Node: POSIX String Comparison364828 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1365900 -Node: Boolean Ops366038 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370517 -Node: Conditional Exp370608 -Node: Function Calls372335 -Node: Precedence376215 -Node: Locales379876 -Node: Expressions Summary381508 -Node: Patterns and Actions384068 -Node: Pattern Overview385188 -Node: Regexp Patterns386867 -Node: Expression Patterns387410 -Node: Ranges391120 -Node: BEGIN/END394226 -Node: Using BEGIN/END394987 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397721 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END397827 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400141 -Node: Empty403042 -Node: Using Shell Variables403359 -Node: Action Overview405632 -Node: Statements407958 -Node: If Statement409806 -Node: While Statement411301 -Node: Do Statement413330 -Node: For Statement414474 -Node: Switch Statement417631 -Node: Break Statement420013 -Node: Continue Statement422054 -Node: Next Statement423881 -Node: Nextfile Statement426262 -Node: Exit Statement428892 -Node: Built-in Variables431295 -Node: User-modified432428 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440109 -Node: Auto-set440171 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1453206 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2453411 -Node: ARGC and ARGV453467 -Node: Pattern Action Summary457685 -Node: Arrays460112 -Node: Array Basics461441 -Node: Array Intro462285 -Ref: figure-array-elements464249 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1466775 -Node: Reference to Elements466903 -Node: Assigning Elements469355 -Node: Array Example469846 -Node: Scanning an Array471604 -Node: Controlling Scanning474620 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1479816 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts480132 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts482317 -Node: Delete483934 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1486677 -Node: Multidimensional486734 -Node: Multiscanning489831 -Node: Arrays of Arrays491420 -Node: Arrays Summary496179 -Node: Functions498271 -Node: Built-in499170 -Node: Calling Built-in500248 -Node: Numeric Functions502239 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1506256 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2506613 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3506661 -Node: String Functions506933 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1530408 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2530537 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3530785 -Node: Gory Details530872 -Ref: table-sub-escapes532653 -Ref: table-sub-proposed534173 -Ref: table-posix-sub535537 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes537073 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1537905 -Node: I/O Functions538056 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1545274 -Node: Time Functions545421 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1555909 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2555977 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3556135 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4556246 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5556358 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6556585 -Node: Bitwise Functions556851 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops557413 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1561722 -Node: Type Functions561891 -Node: I18N Functions563042 -Node: User-defined564687 -Node: Definition Syntax565492 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1570899 -Node: Function Example570970 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1573889 -Node: Function Caveats573911 -Node: Calling A Function574429 -Node: Variable Scope575387 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference578375 -Node: Return Statement581870 -Node: Dynamic Typing584851 -Node: Indirect Calls585780 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1597082 -Node: Functions Summary597210 -Node: Library Functions599912 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1603521 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2603664 -Node: Library Names603835 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1607289 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2607512 -Node: General Functions607598 -Node: Strtonum Function608701 -Node: Assert Function611723 -Node: Round Function615047 -Node: Cliff Random Function616588 -Node: Ordinal Functions617604 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1620667 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2620919 -Node: Join Function621130 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1622899 -Node: Getlocaltime Function623099 -Node: Readfile Function626843 -Node: Shell Quoting628813 -Node: Data File Management630214 -Node: Filetrans Function630846 -Node: Rewind Function634902 -Node: File Checking636289 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1637621 -Node: Empty Files637822 -Node: Ignoring Assigns639801 -Node: Getopt Function641352 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1652814 -Node: Passwd Functions653014 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1661851 -Node: Group Functions661939 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1669833 -Node: Walking Arrays670046 -Node: Library Functions Summary671649 -Node: Library Exercises673050 -Node: Sample Programs674330 -Node: Running Examples675100 -Node: Clones675828 -Node: Cut Program677052 -Node: Egrep Program686771 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1694269 -Node: Id Program694379 -Node: Split Program698024 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1701472 -Node: Tee Program701600 -Node: Uniq Program704389 -Node: Wc Program711808 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1716058 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs716152 -Node: Dupword Program717365 -Node: Alarm Program719396 -Node: Translate Program724200 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1728765 -Node: Labels Program729035 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1732386 -Node: Word Sorting732470 -Node: History Sorting736541 -Node: Extract Program738377 -Node: Simple Sed745902 -Node: Igawk Program748970 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1763294 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2763495 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3763617 -Node: Anagram Program763732 -Node: Signature Program766789 -Node: Programs Summary768036 -Node: Programs Exercises769229 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1773360 -Node: Advanced Features773451 -Node: Nondecimal Data775399 -Node: Array Sorting776989 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal777686 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1786019 -Node: Array Sorting Functions786137 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1790026 -Node: Two-way I/O790222 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1795167 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2795353 -Node: TCP/IP Networking795435 -Node: Profiling798308 -Node: Advanced Features Summary805855 -Node: Internationalization807788 -Node: I18N and L10N809268 -Node: Explaining gettext809954 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1814979 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2815163 -Node: Programmer i18n815328 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1820194 -Node: Translator i18n820243 -Node: String Extraction821037 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1822168 -Node: Printf Ordering822254 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1825040 -Node: I18N Portability825104 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1827559 -Node: I18N Example827622 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1830425 -Node: Gawk I18N830497 -Node: I18N Summary831135 -Node: Debugger832474 -Node: Debugging833496 -Node: Debugging Concepts833937 -Node: Debugging Terms835790 -Node: Awk Debugging838362 -Node: Sample Debugging Session839256 -Node: Debugger Invocation839776 -Node: Finding The Bug841160 -Node: List of Debugger Commands847635 -Node: Breakpoint Control848968 -Node: Debugger Execution Control852664 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data856028 -Node: Execution Stack859406 -Node: Debugger Info861043 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands865060 -Node: Readline Support870089 -Node: Limitations870981 -Node: Debugging Summary873095 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic874263 -Node: Computer Arithmetic875679 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges879277 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1880136 -Node: Math Definitions880193 -Ref: table-ieee-formats883481 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1884085 -Node: MPFR features884190 -Node: FP Math Caution885861 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1886911 -Node: Inexactness of computations887280 -Node: Inexact representation888239 -Node: Comparing FP Values889596 -Node: Errors accumulate890678 -Node: Getting Accuracy892111 -Node: Try To Round894773 -Node: Setting precision895672 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings896356 -Node: Setting the rounding mode898145 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes898509 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1901964 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers902143 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1905129 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems905278 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1909151 -Node: Floating point summary909189 -Node: Dynamic Extensions911383 -Node: Extension Intro912935 -Node: Plugin License914201 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline914998 -Ref: figure-load-extension915426 -Ref: figure-register-new-function916906 -Ref: figure-call-new-function917910 -Node: Extension API Description919896 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction921346 -Node: General Data Types926170 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1931909 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions932208 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1935047 -Node: Constructor Functions935143 -Node: Registration Functions936877 -Node: Extension Functions937562 -Node: Exit Callback Functions939859 -Node: Extension Version String941107 -Node: Input Parsers941772 -Node: Output Wrappers951651 -Node: Two-way processors956166 -Node: Printing Messages958370 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1959446 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'959598 -Node: Requesting Values960338 -Ref: table-value-types-returned961066 -Node: Accessing Parameters962023 -Node: Symbol Table Access963254 -Node: Symbol table by name963768 -Node: Symbol table by cookie965749 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1969893 -Node: Cached values969956 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1973455 -Node: Array Manipulation973546 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1974644 -Node: Array Data Types974681 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1977336 -Node: Array Functions977428 -Node: Flattening Arrays981282 -Node: Creating Arrays988174 -Node: Extension API Variables992945 -Node: Extension Versioning993581 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables995482 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate996547 -Node: Finding Extensions1000356 -Node: Extension Example1000916 -Node: Internal File Description1001688 -Node: Internal File Ops1005755 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11017425 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1017565 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11019948 -Node: Extension Samples1020221 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1021747 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1029385 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1030876 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1032091 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1033766 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1034602 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1035478 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1036289 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1036879 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1037619 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1039559 -Node: Extension Sample Time1040654 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1042003 -Node: gawkextlib1042494 -Node: Extension summary1045152 -Node: Extension Exercises1048841 -Node: Language History1049563 -Node: V7/SVR3.11051219 -Node: SVR41053400 -Node: POSIX1054845 -Node: BTL1056234 -Node: POSIX/GNU1056968 -Node: Feature History1062532 -Node: Common Extensions1075630 -Node: Ranges and Locales1076954 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11081572 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21081599 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31081833 -Node: Contributors1082054 -Node: History summary1087595 -Node: Installation1088965 -Node: Gawk Distribution1089911 -Node: Getting1090395 -Node: Extracting1091218 -Node: Distribution contents1092853 -Node: Unix Installation1098570 -Node: Quick Installation1099187 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1101611 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1103349 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1105718 -Node: PC Installation1106176 -Node: PC Binary Installation1107495 -Node: PC Compiling1109343 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11112364 -Node: PC Testing1112473 -Node: PC Using1113649 -Node: Cygwin1117764 -Node: MSYS1118587 -Node: VMS Installation1119087 -Node: VMS Compilation1119879 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11121101 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1121159 -Node: VMS Installation Details1122843 -Node: VMS Running1125095 -Node: VMS GNV1127931 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1128665 -Node: Bugs1129135 -Node: Other Versions1133018 -Node: Installation summary1139446 -Node: Notes1140502 -Node: Compatibility Mode1141367 -Node: Additions1142149 -Node: Accessing The Source1143074 -Node: Adding Code1144510 -Node: New Ports1150675 -Node: Derived Files1155157 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11160632 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21160666 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31161262 -Node: Future Extensions1161376 -Node: Implementation Limitations1161982 -Node: Extension Design1163230 -Node: Old Extension Problems1164384 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11165901 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1165958 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11169318 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1169507 -Node: Extension Future Growth1171615 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1172451 -Node: Notes summary1174213 -Node: Basic Concepts1175399 -Node: Basic High Level1176080 -Ref: figure-general-flow1176352 -Ref: figure-process-flow1176951 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11180180 -Node: Basic Data Typing1180365 -Node: Glossary1183693 -Node: Copying1208851 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1246407 -Node: Index1271543 +Node: Foreword342225 +Node: Foreword446667 +Node: Preface48100 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-150971 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-251078 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-351311 +Node: History51453 +Node: Names53799 +Ref: Names-Footnote-154893 +Node: This Manual55039 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161526 +Node: Conventions61626 +Node: Manual History63964 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-166946 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-266987 +Node: How To Contribute67061 +Node: Acknowledgments68190 +Node: Getting Started72995 +Node: Running gawk75428 +Node: One-shot76618 +Node: Read Terminal77866 +Node: Long79893 +Node: Executable Scripts81409 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184198 +Node: Comments84301 +Node: Quoting86783 +Node: DOS Quoting92307 +Node: Sample Data Files92982 +Node: Very Simple95577 +Node: Two Rules100475 +Node: More Complex102361 +Node: Statements/Lines105223 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109678 +Node: Other Features109943 +Node: When110874 +Ref: When-Footnote-1112628 +Node: Intro Summary112693 +Node: Invoking Gawk113576 +Node: Command Line115090 +Node: Options115888 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1131692 +Ref: Options-Footnote-2131921 +Node: Other Arguments131946 +Node: Naming Standard Input134894 +Node: Environment Variables135987 +Node: AWKPATH Variable136545 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1139958 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140003 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140263 +Node: Other Environment Variables141519 +Node: Exit Status145007 +Node: Include Files145683 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries149280 +Node: Obsolete150707 +Node: Undocumented151404 +Node: Invoking Summary151671 +Node: Regexp153335 +Node: Regexp Usage154789 +Node: Escape Sequences156826 +Node: Regexp Operators163067 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170493 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170640 +Node: Bracket Expressions170738 +Ref: table-char-classes172753 +Node: Leftmost Longest175677 +Node: Computed Regexps176979 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators180376 +Node: Case-sensitivity184049 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1186934 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187169 +Node: Regexp Summary187277 +Node: Reading Files188744 +Node: Records190838 +Node: awk split records191571 +Node: gawk split records196486 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201030 +Node: Fields201067 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203843 +Node: Nonconstant Fields203929 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206172 +Node: Changing Fields206376 +Node: Field Separators212305 +Node: Default Field Splitting215010 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting216127 +Node: Single Character Fields219477 +Node: Command Line Field Separator220536 +Node: Full Line Fields223748 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225265 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225311 +Node: Field Splitting Summary225412 +Node: Constant Size227486 +Node: Splitting By Content232075 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236069 +Node: Multiple Line236232 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242118 +Node: Getline242297 +Node: Plain Getline244509 +Node: Getline/Variable247149 +Node: Getline/File248297 +Node: Getline/Variable/File249681 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251284 +Node: Getline/Pipe251371 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254054 +Node: Getline/Coprocess255185 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256437 +Node: Getline Notes257176 +Node: Getline Summary259968 +Ref: table-getline-variants260380 +Node: Read Timeout261209 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265034 +Node: Command-line directories265092 +Node: Input Summary265997 +Node: Input Exercises269298 +Node: Printing270026 +Node: Print271803 +Node: Print Examples273260 +Node: Output Separators276039 +Node: OFMT278057 +Node: Printf279411 +Node: Basic Printf280196 +Node: Control Letters281766 +Node: Format Modifiers285749 +Node: Printf Examples291758 +Node: Redirection294244 +Node: Special FD301085 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304245 +Node: Special Files304319 +Node: Other Inherited Files304936 +Node: Special Network305936 +Node: Special Caveats306798 +Node: Close Files And Pipes307749 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1314931 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315079 +Node: Output Summary315229 +Node: Output Exercises316227 +Node: Expressions316907 +Node: Values318092 +Node: Constants318770 +Node: Scalar Constants319461 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320320 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers320570 +Node: Regexp Constants323588 +Node: Using Constant Regexps324113 +Node: Variables327256 +Node: Using Variables327911 +Node: Assignment Options329822 +Node: Conversion331697 +Node: Strings And Numbers332221 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335286 +Node: Locale influences conversions335395 +Ref: table-locale-affects338142 +Node: All Operators338730 +Node: Arithmetic Ops339360 +Node: Concatenation341865 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344684 +Node: Assignment Ops344790 +Ref: table-assign-ops349769 +Node: Increment Ops351041 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions354479 +Node: Truth Values355564 +Node: Typing and Comparison356613 +Node: Variable Typing357423 +Node: Comparison Operators361076 +Ref: table-relational-ops361486 +Node: POSIX String Comparison364981 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366053 +Node: Boolean Ops366191 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370670 +Node: Conditional Exp370761 +Node: Function Calls372488 +Node: Precedence376368 +Node: Locales380029 +Node: Expressions Summary381661 +Node: Patterns and Actions384221 +Node: Pattern Overview385341 +Node: Regexp Patterns387020 +Node: Expression Patterns387563 +Node: Ranges391273 +Node: BEGIN/END394379 +Node: Using BEGIN/END395140 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397874 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END397980 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400294 +Node: Empty403195 +Node: Using Shell Variables403512 +Node: Action Overview405785 +Node: Statements408111 +Node: If Statement409959 +Node: While Statement411454 +Node: Do Statement413483 +Node: For Statement414627 +Node: Switch Statement417784 +Node: Break Statement420166 +Node: Continue Statement422207 +Node: Next Statement424034 +Node: Nextfile Statement426415 +Node: Exit Statement429045 +Node: Built-in Variables431448 +Node: User-modified432581 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440262 +Node: Auto-set440324 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454016 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2454221 +Node: ARGC and ARGV454277 +Node: Pattern Action Summary458495 +Node: Arrays460922 +Node: Array Basics462251 +Node: Array Intro463095 +Ref: figure-array-elements465059 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1467585 +Node: Reference to Elements467713 +Node: Assigning Elements470165 +Node: Array Example470656 +Node: Scanning an Array472414 +Node: Controlling Scanning475430 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1480626 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts480942 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483127 +Node: Delete484744 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487487 +Node: Multidimensional487544 +Node: Multiscanning490641 +Node: Arrays of Arrays492230 +Node: Arrays Summary496989 +Node: Functions499081 +Node: Built-in499980 +Node: Calling Built-in501058 +Node: Numeric Functions503049 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1507868 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2508225 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3508273 +Node: String Functions508545 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1532020 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2532149 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3532397 +Node: Gory Details532484 +Ref: table-sub-escapes534265 +Ref: table-sub-proposed535785 +Ref: table-posix-sub537149 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes538685 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1539517 +Node: I/O Functions539668 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1546886 +Node: Time Functions547033 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1557521 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2557589 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3557747 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4557858 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5557970 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6558197 +Node: Bitwise Functions558463 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops559025 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1563334 +Node: Type Functions563503 +Node: I18N Functions564654 +Node: User-defined566299 +Node: Definition Syntax567104 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572511 +Node: Function Example572582 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1575501 +Node: Function 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