diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1620 |
1 files changed, 900 insertions, 720 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index bf573a8a..d1cb9215 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -615,6 +615,7 @@ entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". * Unix Installation:: Installing `gawk' under various versions of Unix. * Quick Installation:: Compiling `gawk' under Unix. +* Shell Startup Files:: Shell convenience functions. * Additional Configuration Options:: Other compile-time options. * Configuration Philosophy:: How it's all supposed to work. * Non-Unix Installation:: Installation on Other Operating @@ -2634,10 +2635,8 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: different file name for the output. No space is allowed between the `-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied. - NOTE: Due to the way `gawk' has evolved, with this option - your program still executes. This will change in the next - major release, such that `gawk' will only pretty-print the - program and not run it. + NOTE: In the past, this option would also execute your + program. This is no longer the case. `-O' `--optimize' @@ -2937,6 +2936,9 @@ Since `.' is included at the beginning, `gawk' searches first in the current directory and then in `/usr/local/share/awk'. In practice, this means that you will rarely need to change the value of `AWKPATH'. + *Note Shell Startup Files::, for information on functions that help +to manipulate the `AWKPATH' variable. + `gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path value from within an `awk' program. @@ -2976,6 +2978,9 @@ empty value, `gawk' uses a default path; this is typically `/usr/local/lib/gawk', although it can vary depending upon how `gawk' was built. + *Note Shell Startup Files::, for information on functions that help +to manipulate the `AWKLIBPATH' variable. + `gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into `ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path value from within an `awk' program. @@ -3047,13 +3052,6 @@ change. The variables are: supposed to be differences, but occasionally theory and practice don't coordinate with each other.) -`GAWK_NO_PP_RUN' - When `gawk' is invoked with the `--pretty-print' option, it will - not run the program if this environment variable exists. - - CAUTION: This variable will not survive into the next major - release. - `GAWK_STACKSIZE' This specifies the amount by which `gawk' should grow its internal evaluation stack, when needed. @@ -3445,15 +3443,18 @@ sequences apply to both string constants and regexp constants: `\xHH...' The hexadecimal value HH, where HH stands for a sequence of - hexadecimal digits (`0'-`9', and either `A'-`F' or `a'-`f'). Like - the same construct in ISO C, the escape sequence continues until - the first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. (c.e.) However, using - more than two hexadecimal digits produces undefined results. (The - `\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX `awk'.) - - CAUTION: The next major release of `gawk' will change, such - that a maximum of two hexadecimal digits following the `\x' - will be used. + hexadecimal digits (`0'-`9', and either `A'-`F' or `a'-`f'). A + maximum of two digts are allowed after the `\x'. Any further + hexadecimal digits are treated as simple letters or numbers. + (c.e.) (The `\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX awk.) + + CAUTION: In ISO C, the escape sequence continues until the + first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. For many years, `gawk' + would continue incorporating hexadecimal digits into the + value until a non-hexadecimal digit or the end of the string + was encountered. However, using more than two hexadecimal + digits produced undefined results. As of version 4.2, only + two digits are processed. `\/' A literal slash (necessary for regexp constants only). This @@ -10327,10 +10328,24 @@ Options::), they are not special: An associative array containing the values of the environment. The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of the particular environment variables. For - example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `"/home/arnold"'. Changing - this array does not affect the environment passed on to any - programs that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()' - function. (In a future version of `gawk', it may do so.) + example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'. + + For POSIX `awk', changing this array does not affect the + environment passed on to any programs that `awk' may spawn via + redirection or the `system()' function. + + However, beginning with version 4.2, if not in POSIX compatibility + mode, `gawk' does update its own environment when `ENVIRON' is + changed, thus changing the environment seen by programs that it + creates. You should therefore be especially careful if you modify + `ENVIRON["PATH"]"', which is the search path for finding + executable programs. + + This can also affect the running `gawk' program, since some of the + built-in functions may pay attention to certain environment + variables. The most notable instance of this is `mktime()' (*note + Time Functions::), which pays attention the value of the `TZ' + environment variable on many systems. Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for @@ -11895,6 +11910,21 @@ brackets ([ ]): `cos(X)' Return the cosine of X, with X in radians. +`div(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' + Perform integer division, similar to the standard C function of the + same name. First, truncate `numerator' and `denominator' towards + zero, creating integer values. Clear the `result' array, and then + set `result["quotient"]' to the result of `numerator / + denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set + `result["remainder"]' to the result of `numerator % denominator', + truncated towards zero to an integer. This function is primarily + intended for use with arbitrary length integers; it avoids + creating MPFR arbitrary precision floating-point values (*note + Arbitrary Precision Integers::). + + This function is a `gawk' extension. It is not available in + compatibility mode (*note Options::). + `exp(X)' Return the exponential of X (`e ^ X') or report an error if X is out of range. The range of values X can have depends on your @@ -19898,8 +19928,7 @@ output. They are as follows: you typed when you wrote it. This is because `gawk' creates the profiled version by "pretty-printing" its internal representation of the program. The advantage to this is that `gawk' can produce a -standard representation. The disadvantage is that all source code -comments are lost. Also, things such as: +standard representation. Also, things such as: /foo/ @@ -19958,8 +19987,24 @@ the `Ctrl-\' key. called this way, `gawk' "pretty-prints" the program into `awkprof.out', without any execution counts. - NOTE: The `--pretty-print' option still runs your program. This - will change in the next major release. + NOTE: Once upon a time, the `--pretty-print' option would also run + your program. This is is no longer the case. + + There is a significant difference between the output created when +profiling, and that created when pretty-printing. Pretty-printed output +preserves the original comments that were in the program, although their +placement may not correspond exactly to their original locations in the +source code. + + However, as a deliberate design decision, profiling output _omits_ +the original program's comments. This allows you to focus on the +execution count data and helps you avoid the temptation to use the +profiler for pretty-printing. + + Additionally, pretty-printed output does not have the leading +indentation that the profiling output does. This makes it easy to +pretty-print your code once development is completed, and then use the +result as the final version of your program. File: gawk.info, Node: Advanced Features Summary, Prev: Profiling, Up: Advanced Features @@ -22440,6 +22485,62 @@ the following: gawk -M 'BEGIN { n = 13; print n % 2 }' + When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either `/' or +`%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point +value (unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In +order to do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision +integers, use the built-in `div()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). + + You can simulate the `div()' function in standard `awk' using this +user-defined function: + + # div --- do integer division + + function div(numerator, denominator, result) + { + split("", result) + + numerator = int(numerator) + denominator = int(denominator) + result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) + result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) + + return 0.0 + } + + The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses +`div()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose to +set: + + # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi + + BEGIN { + digits = 100000 + two = 2 * 10 ^ digits + pi = two + for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { + d = m * 2 + 1 + x = pi * m + div(x, d, result) + pi = result["quotient"] + pi = pi + two + } + print pi + } + + When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: + + It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's + Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take + a look at lines (23) - (25) here: + `http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html'. + + The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works + from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP + calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory + devices with smallish word sizes. See + `http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899'. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) Weisstein, Eric W. `Sylvester's Sequence'. From MathWorld--A @@ -26416,6 +26517,9 @@ the current version of `gawk'. - The `bindtextdomain()', `dcgettext()' and `dcngettext()' functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::). + - The `div()' function for doing integer division and remainder + (*note Numeric Functions::). + * Changes and/or additions in the command-line options: - The `AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path @@ -26470,6 +26574,11 @@ the current version of `gawk'. - Ultrix + * Support for the following systems was removed from the code for + `gawk' version 4.2: + + - MirBSD + File: gawk.info, Node: Feature History, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History @@ -26855,6 +26964,26 @@ in POSIX `awk', in the order they were added to `gawk'. * The dynamic extension interface was completely redone (*note Dynamic Extensions::). + * Support for Ultrix was removed. + + + Version 4.2 introduced the following changes: + + * Changes to `ENVIRON' are reflected into `gawk''s environment and + that of programs that it runs. *Note Auto-set::. + + * The `--pretty-print' option no longer runs the `awk' program too. + *Note Options::. + + * The `igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed + when `gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::. + + * The `div()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::. + + * The maximum number of hexdecimal digits in `\x' escapes is now two. + *Note Escape Sequences::. + + * Support for MirBSD was removed. File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Ranges and Locales, Prev: Feature History, Up: Language History @@ -27372,7 +27501,9 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files `doc/igawk.1' The `troff' source for a manual page describing the `igawk' - program presented in *note Igawk Program::. + program presented in *note Igawk Program::. (Since `gawk' can do + its own `@include' processing, neither `igawk' nor `igawk.1' are + installed.) `doc/Makefile.in' The input file used during the configuration process to generate @@ -27414,17 +27545,23 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files contains a `Makefile.in' file, which `configure' uses to generate a `Makefile'. `Makefile.am' is used by GNU Automake to create `Makefile.in'. The library functions from *note Library - Functions::, and the `igawk' program from *note Igawk Program::, - are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' distribution. - They are installed as part of the installation process. The rest - of the programs in this Info file are available in appropriate - subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. + Functions::, are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' + distribution. They are installed as part of the installation + process. The rest of the programs in this Info file are available + in appropriate subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. `extension/*' The source code, manual pages, and infrastructure files for the sample extensions included with `gawk'. *Note Dynamic Extensions::, for more information. +`extras/*' + Additional non-essential files. Currently, this directory + contains some shell startup files to be installed in + `/etc/profile.d' to aid in manipulating the `AWKPATH' and + `AWKLIBPATH' environment variables. *Note Shell Startup Files::, + for more information. + `posix/*' Files needed for building `gawk' on POSIX-compliant systems. @@ -27455,11 +27592,12 @@ configure `gawk' for your system yourself. * Menu: * Quick Installation:: Compiling `gawk' under Unix. +* Shell Startup Files:: Shell convenience functions. * Additional Configuration Options:: Other compile-time options. * Configuration Philosophy:: How it's all supposed to work. -File: gawk.info, Node: Quick Installation, Next: Additional Configuration Options, Up: Unix Installation +File: gawk.info, Node: Quick Installation, Next: Shell Startup Files, Up: Unix Installation B.2.1 Compiling `gawk' for Unix-Like Systems -------------------------------------------- @@ -27515,9 +27653,43 @@ will be asked for your password, and you will have to have been set up previously as a user who is allowed to run the `sudo' command. -File: gawk.info, Node: Additional Configuration Options, Next: Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Quick Installation, Up: Unix Installation +File: gawk.info, Node: Shell Startup Files, Next: Additional Configuration Options, Prev: Quick Installation, Up: Unix Installation -B.2.2 Additional Configuration Options +B.2.2 Shell Startup Files +------------------------- + +The distribution contains shell startup files `gawk.sh' and `gawk.csh' +containing functions to aid in manipulating the `AWKPATH' and +`AWKLIBPATH' environment variables. On a Fedora system, these files +should be installed in `/etc/profile.d'; on other platforms, the +appropriate location may be different. + +`gawkpath_default' + Reset the `AWKPATH' environment variable to its default value. + +`gawkpath_prepend' + Add the argument to the front of the `AWKPATH' environment + variable. + +`gawkpath_append' + Add the argument to the end of the `AWKPATH' environment variable. + +`gawklibpath_default' + Reset the `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable to its default value. + +`gawklibpath_prepend' + Add the argument to the front of the `AWKLIBPATH' environment + variable. + +`gawklibpath_append' + Add the argument to the end of the `AWKLIBPATH' environment + variable. + + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Additional Configuration Options, Next: Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Shell Startup Files, Up: Unix Installation + +B.2.3 Additional Configuration Options -------------------------------------- There are several additional options you may use on the `configure' @@ -27559,7 +27731,7 @@ supplied by `configure'. File: gawk.info, Node: Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Additional Configuration Options, Up: Unix Installation -B.2.3 The Configuration Process +B.2.4 The Configuration Process ------------------------------- This minor node is of interest only if you know something about using @@ -31511,20 +31683,20 @@ Index * --include option: Options. (line 159) * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 185) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) -* --lint-old option: Options. (line 297) +* --lint-old option: Options. (line 295) * --load option: Options. (line 173) * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 211) * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) -* --optimize option: Options. (line 238) -* --posix option: Options. (line 256) -* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 275) +* --optimize option: Options. (line 236) +* --posix option: Options. (line 254) +* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 273) * --pretty-print option: Options. (line 225) * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 12) -* --profile option: Options. (line 244) -* --re-interval option: Options. (line 281) -* --sandbox option: Options. (line 288) +* --profile option: Options. (line 242) +* --re-interval option: Options. (line 279) +* --sandbox option: Options. (line 286) * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions. (line 129) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) @@ -31532,9 +31704,9 @@ Index (line 6) * --source option: Options. (line 117) * --traditional option: Options. (line 81) -* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 275) +* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 273) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 220) -* --version option: Options. (line 302) +* --version option: Options. (line 300) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 35) * -b option: Options. (line 68) @@ -31542,32 +31714,32 @@ Index * -c option: Options. (line 81) * -D option: Options. (line 108) * -d option: Options. (line 93) -* -e option: Options. (line 338) +* -e option: Options. (line 336) * -E option: Options. (line 125) * -e option: Options. (line 117) * -f option: Options. (line 25) * -F option: Options. (line 21) * -f option: Long. (line 12) -* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 310) +* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 308) * -F option, command-line: Command Line Field Separator. (line 6) -* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 315) +* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 313) * -g option: Options. (line 147) * -h option: Options. (line 154) * -i option: Options. (line 159) -* -L option: Options. (line 297) +* -L option: Options. (line 295) * -l option: Options. (line 173) * -M option: Options. (line 205) * -N option: Options. (line 220) * -n option: Options. (line 211) -* -O option: Options. (line 238) +* -O option: Options. (line 236) * -o option: Options. (line 225) -* -P option: Options. (line 256) -* -p option: Options. (line 244) -* -r option: Options. (line 281) -* -S option: Options. (line 288) +* -P option: Options. (line 254) +* -p option: Options. (line 242) +* -r option: Options. (line 279) +* -S option: Options. (line 286) * -v option: Assignment Options. (line 12) -* -V option: Options. (line 302) +* -V option: Options. (line 300) * -v option: Options. (line 32) * -W option: Options. (line 46) * . (period), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44) @@ -31629,10 +31801,10 @@ Index (line 8) * [] (square brackets), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) * \ (backslash): Comments. (line 50) -* \ (backslash), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82) +* \ (backslash), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85) * \ (backslash), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* \ (backslash), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73) +* \ (backslash), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76) * \ (backslash), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 30) * \ (backslash), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. @@ -31672,7 +31844,7 @@ Index * \ (backslash), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) * \ (backslash), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6) * \ (backslash), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * \ (backslash), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30) * \ (backslash), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) * \ (backslash), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18) @@ -31840,7 +32012,7 @@ Index * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 24) * awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108) * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 137) -* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 244) +* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 242) * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6) * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12) @@ -31898,10 +32070,10 @@ Index * awkvars.out file: Options. (line 93) * b debugger command (alias for break): Breakpoint Control. (line 11) * backslash (\): Comments. (line 50) -* backslash (\), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82) +* backslash (\), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85) * backslash (\), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* backslash (\), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73) +* backslash (\), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76) * backslash (\), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 30) * backslash (\), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. @@ -31941,7 +32113,7 @@ Index * backslash (\), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) * backslash (\), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6) * backslash (\), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * backslash (\), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30) * backslash (\), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) * backslash (\), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18) @@ -32047,7 +32219,7 @@ Index (line 67) * Brian Kernighan's awk <12>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 82) -* Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 109) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 112) * Brian Kernighan's awk: When. (line 21) * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions: BTL. (line 6) * Brian Kernighan's awk, source code: Other Versions. (line 13) @@ -32241,7 +32413,7 @@ Index * cosine: Numeric Functions. (line 15) * counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) -* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 356) +* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 354) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 25) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 74) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -32272,12 +32444,12 @@ Index * dark corner, CONVFMT variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 40) * dark corner, escape sequences: Other Arguments. (line 38) * dark corner, escape sequences, for metacharacters: Escape Sequences. - (line 140) + (line 143) * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Full Line Fields. (line 22) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 314) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 328) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -32427,7 +32599,7 @@ Index * debugger, read commands from a file: Debugger Info. (line 97) * debugging awk programs: Debugger. (line 6) * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) -* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 272) +* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 270) * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -32466,12 +32638,12 @@ Index (line 81) * differences in awk and gawk, command-line directories: Command-line directories. (line 6) -* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 88) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 19) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 37) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 116) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 130) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -32494,7 +32666,7 @@ Index (line 263) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 130) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records. (line 125) @@ -32504,7 +32676,7 @@ Index (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 265) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 279) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -32512,7 +32684,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 77) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 269) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 283) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 152) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -32528,6 +32700,7 @@ Index * display debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 8) * display debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 57) +* div: Numeric Functions. (line 18) * division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * do-while statement: Do Statement. (line 6) * do-while statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19) @@ -32548,12 +32721,12 @@ Index * dump debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 9) * dupword.awk program: Dupword Program. (line 31) -* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) +* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178) * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) -* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 135) -* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 139) +* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 149) +* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 153) * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6) * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54) @@ -32608,13 +32781,13 @@ Index (line 11) * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * ERRNO variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 88) * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * ERRNO variable, with close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 141) * ERRNO variable, with getline command: Getline. (line 19) * error handling: Special FD. (line 19) -* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 74) +* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 88) * error output: Special FD. (line 6) * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -32647,10 +32820,10 @@ Index * exit status, of VMS: VMS Running. (line 28) * exit the debugger: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expand utility: Very Simple. (line 73) * Expat XML parser library: gawkextlib. (line 33) -* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expressions: Expressions. (line 6) * expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 6) * expressions, assignment: Assignment Ops. (line 6) @@ -32668,7 +32841,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 232) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 246) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -32749,7 +32922,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 48) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -32817,9 +32990,9 @@ Index * flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 100) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 114) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 314) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -32856,7 +33029,7 @@ Index * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) -* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 268) +* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 266) * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 35) * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 63) * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -32869,7 +33042,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 61) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 116) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 130) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect, @-notation for: Indirect Calls. (line 47) @@ -32918,8 +33091,8 @@ Index (line 44) * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) -* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 207) +* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 221) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21) @@ -32937,13 +33110,13 @@ Index * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents. (line 6) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 74) +* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 88) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 141) * gawk, ERRNO variable in: Getline. (line 19) -* gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 117) -* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 256) +* gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 120) +* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 254) * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6) * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 71) @@ -32954,7 +33127,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 25) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 116) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 130) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -32986,7 +33159,7 @@ Index * gawk, predefined variables and: Built-in Variables. (line 14) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 130) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 144) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -32994,23 +33167,29 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 125) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 269) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 283) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 152) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) -* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 302) +* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 300) * gawk, VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 63) * gawkextlib: gawkextlib. (line 6) * gawkextlib project: gawkextlib. (line 6) +* gawklibpath_append shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 29) +* gawklibpath_default shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 22) +* gawklibpath_prepend shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 25) +* gawkpath_append shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 19) +* gawkpath_default shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 12) +* gawkpath_prepend shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 15) * General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 399) * General Public License, See GPL: Manual History. (line 11) * generate time values: Time Functions. (line 25) @@ -33087,7 +33266,7 @@ Index * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) -* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 180) +* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 194) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 140) * gsub: Using Constant Regexps. @@ -33109,7 +33288,7 @@ Index * history expansion, in debugger: Readline Support. (line 6) * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25) * Hughes, Phil: Acknowledgments. (line 43) -* HUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 211) +* HUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210) * hyphen (-), - operator: Precedence. (line 52) * hyphen (-), -- operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) @@ -33188,8 +33367,8 @@ Index * installation, VMS: VMS Installation. (line 6) * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90) -* int: Numeric Functions. (line 23) -* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* int: Numeric Functions. (line 38) +* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -33245,7 +33424,7 @@ Index * Kernighan, Brian <9>: Acknowledgments. (line 78) * Kernighan, Brian <10>: Conventions. (line 38) * Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17) -* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6) * Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 34) * l debugger command (alias for list): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. @@ -33317,7 +33496,7 @@ Index * lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16) * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 185) * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. - (line 341) + (line 339) * lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 85) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 88) @@ -33333,14 +33512,14 @@ Index * loading, extensions: Options. (line 173) * local variables, in a function: Variable Scope. (line 6) * locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81) -* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 272) +* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 270) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 28) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 43) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 28) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 43) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33381,8 +33560,8 @@ Index * mawk utility <2>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47) * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) -* mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 117) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 221) +* mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 120) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 235) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 258) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) @@ -33394,8 +33573,8 @@ Index (line 54) * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) -* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 136) -* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 224) +* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 139) +* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 238) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -33415,7 +33594,7 @@ Index * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 69) -* newlines <2>: Options. (line 262) +* newlines <2>: Options. (line 260) * newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6) * newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) @@ -33444,7 +33623,7 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 105) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -33453,9 +33632,9 @@ Index * non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements. (line 23) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 125) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 139) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 314) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -33569,7 +33748,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 189) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 203) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33611,14 +33790,14 @@ Index * plus sign (+), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82) * plus sign (+), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 105) * pointers to functions: Indirect Calls. (line 6) -* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 100) +* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 103) * portability, #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 33) * portability, ** operator and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * portability, **= operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 143) * portability, ARGV variable: Executable Scripts. (line 59) * portability, backslash continuation and: Statements/Lines. (line 30) * portability, backslash in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * portability, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes. (line 81) * portability, data files as single record: gawk split records. @@ -33636,7 +33815,7 @@ Index * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 60) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) -* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 361) +* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 359) * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 513) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 37) @@ -33657,7 +33836,7 @@ Index * POSIX awk, < operator and: Getline/File. (line 26) * POSIX awk, arithmetic operators and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 30) * POSIX awk, backslashes in string constants: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * POSIX awk, BEGIN/END patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16) * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and, character classes: Bracket Expressions. @@ -33684,11 +33863,11 @@ Index * POSIX awk, regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 161) * POSIX awk, timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6) * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 55) -* POSIX mode: Options. (line 256) +* POSIX mode: Options. (line 254) * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 21) * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 341) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 339) * PREC variable: User-modified. (line 124) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 60) @@ -33735,24 +33914,24 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 183) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 186) +* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 197) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 200) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 130) +* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15) * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions. (line 154) -* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 242) +* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 256) * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) -* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 179) -* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 148) +* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 178) +* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 162) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) @@ -33787,7 +33966,7 @@ Index * QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 139) * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) * quoting in gawk command lines: Long. (line 26) * quoting in gawk command lines, tricks for: Quoting. (line 91) * quoting, for small awk programs: Comments. (line 27) @@ -33796,12 +33975,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 33) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 48) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 33) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 63) + (line 48) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 65) @@ -33870,7 +34049,7 @@ Index (line 60) * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 70) -* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 281) +* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 279) * regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest. (line 6) * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6) @@ -33910,7 +34089,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 252) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 266) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -33928,7 +34107,7 @@ Index * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39) * Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 42) -* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * round() user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16) * rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6) * ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 128) @@ -33936,9 +34115,9 @@ Index * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 258) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 272) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 125) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15) @@ -33951,14 +34130,14 @@ Index (line 68) * sample debugging session: Sample Debugging Session. (line 6) -* sandbox mode: Options. (line 288) +* sandbox mode: Options. (line 286) * save debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 85) * scalar or array: Type Functions. (line 11) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133) -* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 297) +* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 311) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -33977,7 +34156,7 @@ Index * sed utility <1>: Glossary. (line 16) * sed utility <2>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 63) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) @@ -34038,14 +34217,14 @@ Index * sidebar, A Constant's Base Does Not Affect Its Value: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 64) * sidebar, Backslash Before Regular Characters: Escape Sequences. - (line 103) + (line 106) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields. (line 14) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 312) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 326) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 139) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. - (line 134) + (line 137) * sidebar, FS and IGNORECASE: Field Splitting Summary. (line 38) * sidebar, Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering: I/O Functions. @@ -34067,19 +34246,19 @@ Index (line 58) * sidebar, Using close()'s Return Value: Close Files And Pipes. (line 131) -* SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 211) -* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* signals, HUP/SIGHUP, for profiling: Profiling. (line 211) -* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1, for profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210) +* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* signals, HUP/SIGHUP, for profiling: Profiling. (line 210) +* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1, for profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * signature program: Signature Program. (line 6) -* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) -* SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213) +* SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 74) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 74) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 89) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 89) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -34129,10 +34308,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 114) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 77) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 92) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 77) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 81) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 92) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 96) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 375) * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 23) @@ -34203,9 +34382,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 482) * substring: String Functions. (line 482) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 68) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 237) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 251) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 269) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 283) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system: I/O Functions. (line 107) @@ -34272,7 +34451,7 @@ Index (line 37) * troubleshooting, awk uses FS not IFS: Field Separators. (line 30) * troubleshooting, backslash before nonspecial character: Escape Sequences. - (line 105) + (line 108) * troubleshooting, division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * troubleshooting, fatal errors, field widths, specifying: Constant Size. (line 22) @@ -34328,7 +34507,7 @@ Index * uniq.awk program: Uniq Program. (line 65) * Unix: Glossary. (line 753) * Unix awk, backslashes in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. - (line 117) + (line 120) * Unix awk, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes. (line 133) * Unix awk, password files, field separators and: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -34348,7 +34527,7 @@ Index * user-modifiable variables: User-modified. (line 6) * users, information about, printing: Id Program. (line 6) * users, information about, retrieving: Passwd Functions. (line 16) -* USR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) +* USR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187) * values, numeric: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * values, string: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * variable assignments and input files: Other Arguments. (line 26) @@ -34382,10 +34561,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 207) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 232) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 218) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 214) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 221) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 246) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 232) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 228) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9) @@ -34422,7 +34601,7 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) -* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 262) +* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 260) * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 34) * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 79) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 27) @@ -34475,559 +34654,560 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1204 -Node: Foreword342156 -Node: Foreword446600 -Node: Preface48131 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-151002 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-251109 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-351342 -Node: History51484 -Node: Names53835 -Ref: Names-Footnote-154928 -Node: This Manual55074 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161574 -Node: Conventions61674 -Node: Manual History64011 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-167004 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-267045 -Node: How To Contribute67119 -Node: Acknowledgments68248 -Node: Getting Started73065 -Node: Running gawk75504 -Node: One-shot76694 -Node: Read Terminal77958 -Node: Long79989 -Node: Executable Scripts81502 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184291 -Node: Comments84394 -Node: Quoting86876 -Node: DOS Quoting92394 -Node: Sample Data Files93069 -Node: Very Simple95664 -Node: Two Rules100563 -Node: More Complex102449 -Node: Statements/Lines105311 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109766 -Node: Other Features110031 -Node: When110967 -Ref: When-Footnote-1112721 -Node: Intro Summary112786 -Node: Invoking Gawk113670 -Node: Command Line115184 -Node: Options115982 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1131904 -Ref: Options-Footnote-2132133 -Node: Other Arguments132158 -Node: Naming Standard Input135106 -Node: Environment Variables136199 -Node: AWKPATH Variable136757 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140054 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140099 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140359 -Node: Other Environment Variables141502 -Node: Exit Status145260 -Node: Include Files145936 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries149525 -Node: Obsolete150952 -Node: Undocumented151644 -Node: Invoking Summary151911 -Node: Regexp153574 -Node: Regexp Usage155028 -Node: Escape Sequences157065 -Node: Regexp Operators163075 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170485 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170632 -Node: Bracket Expressions170730 -Ref: table-char-classes172745 -Node: Leftmost Longest175687 -Node: Computed Regexps176989 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators180418 -Node: Case-sensitivity184090 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1186975 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187210 -Node: Regexp Summary187318 -Node: Reading Files188785 -Node: Records190878 -Node: awk split records191611 -Node: gawk split records196540 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201079 -Node: Fields201116 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203894 -Node: Nonconstant Fields203980 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206218 -Node: Changing Fields206421 -Node: Field Separators212352 -Node: Default Field Splitting215056 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting216173 -Node: Single Character Fields219523 -Node: Command Line Field Separator220582 -Node: Full Line Fields223799 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225320 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225366 -Node: Field Splitting Summary225467 -Node: Constant Size227541 -Node: Splitting By Content232124 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236089 -Node: Multiple Line236252 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242133 -Node: Getline242312 -Node: Plain Getline244519 -Node: Getline/Variable247159 -Node: Getline/File248308 -Node: Getline/Variable/File249693 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251296 -Node: Getline/Pipe251383 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254061 -Node: Getline/Coprocess255192 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256456 -Node: Getline Notes257195 -Node: Getline Summary259989 -Ref: table-getline-variants260401 -Node: Read Timeout261230 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265067 -Node: Command-line directories265125 -Node: Input Summary266030 -Node: Input Exercises269415 -Node: Printing270143 -Node: Print271920 -Node: Print Examples273377 -Node: Output Separators276156 -Node: OFMT278174 -Node: Printf279529 -Node: Basic Printf280314 -Node: Control Letters281886 -Node: Format Modifiers285871 -Node: Printf Examples291881 -Node: Redirection294367 -Node: Special FD301205 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304371 -Node: Special Files304445 -Node: Other Inherited Files305062 -Node: Special Network306062 -Node: Special Caveats306924 -Node: Close Files And Pipes307873 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1315064 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315212 -Node: Output Summary315362 -Node: Output Exercises316360 -Node: Expressions317040 -Node: Values318229 -Node: Constants318906 -Node: Scalar Constants319597 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320459 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers320709 -Node: Regexp Constants323719 -Node: Using Constant Regexps324245 -Node: Variables327408 -Node: Using Variables328065 -Node: Assignment Options329976 -Node: Conversion331851 -Node: Strings And Numbers332375 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335440 -Node: Locale influences conversions335549 -Ref: table-locale-affects338295 -Node: All Operators338887 -Node: Arithmetic Ops339516 -Node: Concatenation342021 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344840 -Node: Assignment Ops344947 -Ref: table-assign-ops349926 -Node: Increment Ops351236 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions354667 -Node: Truth Values355750 -Node: Typing and Comparison356799 -Node: Variable Typing357615 -Node: Comparison Operators361282 -Ref: table-relational-ops361692 -Node: POSIX String Comparison365187 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366259 -Node: Boolean Ops366398 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370876 -Node: Conditional Exp370967 -Node: Function Calls372705 -Node: Precedence376585 -Node: Locales380245 -Node: Expressions Summary381877 -Node: Patterns and Actions384448 -Node: Pattern Overview385568 -Node: Regexp Patterns387247 -Node: Expression Patterns387790 -Node: Ranges391570 -Node: BEGIN/END394677 -Node: Using BEGIN/END395438 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1398174 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END398280 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400595 -Node: Empty403492 -Node: Using Shell Variables403809 -Node: Action Overview406082 -Node: Statements408408 -Node: If Statement410256 -Node: While Statement411751 -Node: Do Statement413779 -Node: For Statement414927 -Node: Switch Statement418085 -Node: Break Statement420467 -Node: Continue Statement422508 -Node: Next Statement424335 -Node: Nextfile Statement426716 -Node: Exit Statement429344 -Node: Built-in Variables431755 -Node: User-modified432888 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440591 -Node: Auto-set440653 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1453705 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2453910 -Node: ARGC and ARGV453966 -Node: Pattern Action Summary458184 -Node: Arrays460617 -Node: Array Basics461946 -Node: Array Intro462790 -Ref: figure-array-elements464724 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1467344 -Node: Reference to Elements467472 -Node: Assigning Elements469934 -Node: Array Example470425 -Node: Scanning an Array472184 -Node: Controlling Scanning475204 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1480598 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts480914 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483099 -Node: Delete484716 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487465 -Node: Multidimensional487522 -Node: Multiscanning490619 -Node: Arrays of Arrays492208 -Node: Arrays Summary496962 -Node: Functions499053 -Node: Built-in500092 -Node: Calling Built-in501170 -Node: Numeric Functions503165 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1507181 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2507538 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3507586 -Node: String Functions507858 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1531359 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2531488 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3531736 -Node: Gory Details531823 -Ref: table-sub-escapes533604 -Ref: table-sub-proposed535119 -Ref: table-posix-sub536481 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes538018 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1538851 -Node: I/O Functions539002 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1546238 -Node: Time Functions546385 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1556894 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2556962 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3557120 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4557231 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5557343 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6557570 -Node: Bitwise Functions557836 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops558398 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1562726 -Node: Type Functions562898 -Node: I18N Functions564050 -Node: User-defined565697 -Node: Definition Syntax566502 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572161 -Node: Function Example572232 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1575153 -Node: Function Caveats575175 -Node: Calling A Function575693 -Node: Variable Scope576651 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference579644 -Node: Return Statement583141 -Node: Dynamic Typing586120 -Node: Indirect Calls587049 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1598355 -Node: Functions Summary598483 -Node: Library Functions601185 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1604793 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2604936 -Node: Library Names605107 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1608565 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2608788 -Node: General Functions608874 -Node: Strtonum Function609977 -Node: Assert Function612999 -Node: Round Function616323 -Node: Cliff Random Function617864 -Node: Ordinal Functions618880 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1621943 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2622195 -Node: Join Function622406 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1624176 -Node: Getlocaltime Function624376 -Node: Readfile Function628120 -Node: Shell Quoting630092 -Node: Data File Management631493 -Node: Filetrans Function632125 -Node: Rewind Function636221 -Node: File Checking637607 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1638940 -Node: Empty Files639141 -Node: Ignoring Assigns641120 -Node: Getopt Function642670 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1654134 -Node: Passwd Functions654334 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1663174 -Node: Group Functions663262 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1671159 -Node: Walking Arrays671364 -Node: Library Functions Summary672964 -Node: Library Exercises674368 -Node: Sample Programs675648 -Node: Running Examples676418 -Node: Clones677146 -Node: Cut Program678370 -Node: Egrep Program688090 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1695593 -Node: Id Program695703 -Node: Split Program699379 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1702833 -Node: Tee Program702961 -Node: Uniq Program705750 -Node: Wc Program713169 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1717419 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs717513 -Node: Dupword Program718726 -Node: Alarm Program720757 -Node: Translate Program725562 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1730125 -Node: Labels Program730395 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1733746 -Node: Word Sorting733830 -Node: History Sorting737900 -Node: Extract Program739735 -Node: Simple Sed747259 -Node: Igawk Program750329 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1764655 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2764856 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3764978 -Node: Anagram Program765093 -Node: Signature Program768154 -Node: Programs Summary769401 -Node: Programs Exercises770622 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1774753 -Node: Advanced Features774844 -Node: Nondecimal Data776826 -Node: Array Sorting778416 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal779116 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1787482 -Node: Array Sorting Functions787600 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1791486 -Node: Two-way I/O791682 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1796627 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2796813 -Node: TCP/IP Networking796895 -Node: Profiling799767 -Node: Advanced Features Summary807308 -Node: Internationalization809241 -Node: I18N and L10N810721 -Node: Explaining gettext811407 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1816432 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2816616 -Node: Programmer i18n816781 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1821657 -Node: Translator i18n821706 -Node: String Extraction822500 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1823631 -Node: Printf Ordering823717 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1826503 -Node: I18N Portability826567 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1829023 -Node: I18N Example829086 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1831889 -Node: Gawk I18N831961 -Node: I18N Summary832605 -Node: Debugger833945 -Node: Debugging834967 -Node: Debugging Concepts835408 -Node: Debugging Terms837218 -Node: Awk Debugging839790 -Node: Sample Debugging Session840696 -Node: Debugger Invocation841230 -Node: Finding The Bug842615 -Node: List of Debugger Commands849094 -Node: Breakpoint Control850426 -Node: Debugger Execution Control854103 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data857462 -Node: Execution Stack860838 -Node: Debugger Info862473 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands866518 -Node: Readline Support871519 -Node: Limitations872413 -Node: Debugging Summary874528 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic875702 -Node: Computer Arithmetic877118 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges880717 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1881241 -Node: Math Definitions881298 -Ref: table-ieee-formats884593 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1885197 -Node: MPFR features885302 -Node: FP Math Caution886973 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1888023 -Node: Inexactness of computations888392 -Node: Inexact representation889351 -Node: Comparing FP Values890709 -Node: Errors accumulate891791 -Node: Getting Accuracy893223 -Node: Try To Round895927 -Node: Setting precision896826 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings897510 -Node: Setting the rounding mode899339 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes899703 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1903155 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers903334 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1906318 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems906467 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1910346 -Node: Floating point summary910384 -Node: Dynamic Extensions912580 -Node: Extension Intro914132 -Node: Plugin License915397 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline916194 -Ref: figure-load-extension916622 -Ref: figure-register-new-function918102 -Ref: figure-call-new-function919106 -Node: Extension API Description921093 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction922543 -Node: General Data Types927364 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1933171 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions933470 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1936309 -Node: Constructor Functions936405 -Node: Registration Functions938139 -Node: Extension Functions938824 -Node: Exit Callback Functions941121 -Node: Extension Version String942369 -Node: Input Parsers943034 -Node: Output Wrappers952913 -Node: Two-way processors957428 -Node: Printing Messages959632 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1960708 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'960860 -Node: Requesting Values961600 -Ref: table-value-types-returned962328 -Node: Accessing Parameters963285 -Node: Symbol Table Access964516 -Node: Symbol table by name965030 -Node: Symbol table by cookie967011 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1971155 -Node: Cached values971218 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1974717 -Node: Array Manipulation974808 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1975906 -Node: Array Data Types975943 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1978598 -Node: Array Functions978690 -Node: Flattening Arrays982544 -Node: Creating Arrays989436 -Node: Extension API Variables994207 -Node: Extension Versioning994843 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables996744 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate997809 -Node: Finding Extensions1001618 -Node: Extension Example1002178 -Node: Internal File Description1002950 -Node: Internal File Ops1007017 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11018687 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1018827 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11021210 -Node: Extension Samples1021483 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1023009 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1030647 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1032138 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1033353 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1035028 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1035864 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1036740 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1037551 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1038141 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1038881 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1040821 -Node: Extension Sample Time1041916 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1043265 -Node: gawkextlib1043756 -Node: Extension summary1046414 -Node: Extension Exercises1050103 -Node: Language History1050825 -Node: V7/SVR3.11052481 -Node: SVR41054662 -Node: POSIX1056107 -Node: BTL1057496 -Node: POSIX/GNU1058230 -Node: Feature History1063794 -Node: Common Extensions1076892 -Node: Ranges and Locales1078216 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11082834 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21082861 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31083095 -Node: Contributors1083316 -Node: History summary1088857 -Node: Installation1090227 -Node: Gawk Distribution1091173 -Node: Getting1091657 -Node: Extracting1092480 -Node: Distribution contents1094115 -Node: Unix Installation1099832 -Node: Quick Installation1100449 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1102873 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1104611 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1106980 -Node: PC Installation1107438 -Node: PC Binary Installation1108757 -Node: PC Compiling1110605 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11113626 -Node: PC Testing1113735 -Node: PC Using1114911 -Node: Cygwin1119026 -Node: MSYS1119849 -Node: VMS Installation1120349 -Node: VMS Compilation1121141 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11122363 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1122421 -Node: VMS Installation Details1124105 -Node: VMS Running1126357 -Node: VMS GNV1129193 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1129927 -Node: Bugs1130397 -Node: Other Versions1134280 -Node: Installation summary1140704 -Node: Notes1141760 -Node: Compatibility Mode1142625 -Node: Additions1143407 -Node: Accessing The Source1144332 -Node: Adding Code1145767 -Node: New Ports1151924 -Node: Derived Files1156406 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11161881 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21161915 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31162511 -Node: Future Extensions1162625 -Node: Implementation Limitations1163231 -Node: Extension Design1164479 -Node: Old Extension Problems1165633 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11167150 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1167207 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11170567 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1170756 -Node: Extension Future Growth1172864 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1173700 -Node: Notes summary1175462 -Node: Basic Concepts1176648 -Node: Basic High Level1177329 -Ref: figure-general-flow1177601 -Ref: figure-process-flow1178200 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11181429 -Node: Basic Data Typing1181614 -Node: Glossary1184942 -Node: Copying1216871 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1254427 -Node: Index1279563 +Node: Foreword342225 +Node: Foreword446669 +Node: Preface48200 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-151071 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-251178 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-351411 +Node: History51553 +Node: Names53904 +Ref: Names-Footnote-154997 +Node: This Manual55143 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161643 +Node: Conventions61743 +Node: Manual History64080 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-167073 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-267114 +Node: How To Contribute67188 +Node: Acknowledgments68317 +Node: Getting Started73134 +Node: Running gawk75573 +Node: One-shot76763 +Node: Read Terminal78027 +Node: Long80058 +Node: Executable Scripts81571 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184360 +Node: Comments84463 +Node: Quoting86945 +Node: DOS Quoting92463 +Node: Sample Data Files93138 +Node: Very Simple95733 +Node: Two Rules100632 +Node: More Complex102518 +Node: Statements/Lines105380 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109835 +Node: Other Features110100 +Node: When111036 +Ref: When-Footnote-1112790 +Node: Intro Summary112855 +Node: Invoking Gawk113739 +Node: Command Line115253 +Node: Options116051 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1131846 +Ref: Options-Footnote-2132075 +Node: Other Arguments132100 +Node: Naming Standard Input135048 +Node: Environment Variables136141 +Node: AWKPATH Variable136699 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140106 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140151 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140411 +Node: Other Environment Variables141667 +Node: Exit Status145185 +Node: Include Files145861 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries149450 +Node: Obsolete150877 +Node: Undocumented151569 +Node: Invoking Summary151836 +Node: Regexp153499 +Node: Regexp Usage154953 +Node: Escape Sequences156990 +Node: Regexp Operators163219 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170629 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170776 +Node: Bracket Expressions170874 +Ref: table-char-classes172889 +Node: Leftmost Longest175831 +Node: Computed Regexps177133 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators180562 +Node: Case-sensitivity184234 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1187119 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187354 +Node: Regexp Summary187462 +Node: Reading Files188929 +Node: Records191022 +Node: awk split records191755 +Node: gawk split records196684 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201223 +Node: Fields201260 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1204038 +Node: Nonconstant Fields204124 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206362 +Node: Changing Fields206565 +Node: Field Separators212496 +Node: Default Field Splitting215200 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting216317 +Node: Single Character Fields219667 +Node: Command Line Field Separator220726 +Node: Full Line Fields223943 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225464 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225510 +Node: Field Splitting Summary225611 +Node: Constant Size227685 +Node: Splitting By Content232268 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236233 +Node: Multiple Line236396 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242277 +Node: Getline242456 +Node: Plain Getline244663 +Node: Getline/Variable247303 +Node: Getline/File248452 +Node: Getline/Variable/File249837 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251440 +Node: Getline/Pipe251527 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254205 +Node: Getline/Coprocess255336 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256600 +Node: Getline Notes257339 +Node: Getline Summary260133 +Ref: table-getline-variants260545 +Node: Read Timeout261374 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265211 +Node: Command-line directories265269 +Node: Input Summary266174 +Node: Input Exercises269559 +Node: Printing270287 +Node: Print272064 +Node: Print Examples273521 +Node: Output Separators276300 +Node: OFMT278318 +Node: Printf279673 +Node: Basic Printf280458 +Node: Control Letters282030 +Node: Format Modifiers286015 +Node: Printf Examples292025 +Node: Redirection294511 +Node: Special FD301349 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304515 +Node: Special Files304589 +Node: Other Inherited Files305206 +Node: Special Network306206 +Node: Special Caveats307068 +Node: Close Files And Pipes308017 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1315208 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315356 +Node: Output Summary315506 +Node: Output Exercises316504 +Node: Expressions317184 +Node: Values318373 +Node: Constants319050 +Node: Scalar Constants319741 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320603 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers320853 +Node: Regexp Constants323863 +Node: Using Constant Regexps324389 +Node: Variables327552 +Node: Using Variables328209 +Node: Assignment Options330120 +Node: Conversion331995 +Node: Strings And Numbers332519 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335584 +Node: Locale influences conversions335693 +Ref: table-locale-affects338439 +Node: All Operators339031 +Node: Arithmetic Ops339660 +Node: Concatenation342165 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344984 +Node: Assignment Ops345091 +Ref: table-assign-ops350070 +Node: Increment Ops351380 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions354811 +Node: Truth Values355894 +Node: Typing and Comparison356943 +Node: Variable Typing357759 +Node: Comparison Operators361426 +Ref: table-relational-ops361836 +Node: POSIX String Comparison365331 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366403 +Node: Boolean Ops366542 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1371020 +Node: Conditional Exp371111 +Node: Function Calls372849 +Node: Precedence376729 +Node: Locales380389 +Node: Expressions Summary382021 +Node: Patterns and Actions384592 +Node: Pattern Overview385712 +Node: Regexp Patterns387391 +Node: Expression Patterns387934 +Node: Ranges391714 +Node: BEGIN/END394821 +Node: Using BEGIN/END395582 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1398318 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END398424 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400739 +Node: Empty403636 +Node: Using Shell Variables403953 +Node: Action Overview406226 +Node: Statements408552 +Node: If Statement410400 +Node: While Statement411895 +Node: Do Statement413923 +Node: For Statement415071 +Node: Switch Statement418229 +Node: Break Statement420611 +Node: Continue Statement422652 +Node: Next Statement424479 +Node: Nextfile Statement426860 +Node: Exit Statement429488 +Node: Built-in Variables431899 +Node: User-modified433032 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440735 +Node: Auto-set440797 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454506 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2454711 +Node: ARGC and ARGV454767 +Node: Pattern Action Summary458985 +Node: Arrays461418 +Node: Array Basics462747 +Node: Array Intro463591 +Ref: figure-array-elements465525 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1468145 +Node: Reference to Elements468273 +Node: Assigning Elements470735 +Node: Array Example471226 +Node: Scanning an Array472985 +Node: Controlling Scanning476005 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1481399 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts481715 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483900 +Node: Delete485517 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1488266 +Node: Multidimensional488323 +Node: Multiscanning491420 +Node: Arrays of Arrays493009 +Node: Arrays Summary497763 +Node: Functions499854 +Node: Built-in500893 +Node: Calling Built-in501971 +Node: Numeric Functions503966 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1508784 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2509141 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3509189 +Node: String Functions509461 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1532962 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2533091 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3533339 +Node: Gory Details533426 +Ref: table-sub-escapes535207 +Ref: table-sub-proposed536722 +Ref: table-posix-sub538084 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes539621 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1540454 +Node: I/O Functions540605 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1547841 +Node: Time Functions547988 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1558497 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2558565 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3558723 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4558834 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5558946 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6559173 +Node: Bitwise Functions559439 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops560001 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1564329 +Node: Type Functions564501 +Node: I18N Functions565653 +Node: User-defined567300 +Node: Definition Syntax568105 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1573764 +Node: Function Example573835 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1576756 +Node: Function Caveats576778 +Node: Calling A Function577296 +Node: Variable Scope578254 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference581247 +Node: Return Statement584744 +Node: Dynamic Typing587723 +Node: Indirect Calls588652 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1599958 +Node: Functions Summary600086 +Node: Library Functions602788 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1606396 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2606539 +Node: Library Names606710 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1610168 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2610391 +Node: General Functions610477 +Node: Strtonum Function611580 +Node: Assert Function614602 +Node: Round Function617926 +Node: Cliff Random Function619467 +Node: Ordinal Functions620483 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1623546 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2623798 +Node: Join Function624009 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1625779 +Node: Getlocaltime Function625979 +Node: Readfile Function629723 +Node: Shell Quoting631695 +Node: Data File Management633096 +Node: Filetrans Function633728 +Node: Rewind Function637824 +Node: File Checking639210 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1640543 +Node: Empty Files640744 +Node: Ignoring Assigns642723 +Node: Getopt Function644273 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1655737 +Node: Passwd Functions655937 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1664777 +Node: Group Functions664865 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1672762 +Node: Walking Arrays672967 +Node: Library Functions Summary674567 +Node: Library Exercises675971 +Node: Sample Programs677251 +Node: Running Examples678021 +Node: Clones678749 +Node: Cut Program679973 +Node: Egrep Program689693 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1697196 +Node: Id Program697306 +Node: Split Program700982 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1704436 +Node: Tee Program704564 +Node: Uniq Program707353 +Node: Wc Program714772 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1719022 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs719116 +Node: Dupword Program720329 +Node: Alarm Program722360 +Node: Translate Program727165 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1731728 +Node: Labels Program731998 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1735349 +Node: Word Sorting735433 +Node: History Sorting739503 +Node: Extract Program741338 +Node: Simple Sed748862 +Node: Igawk Program751932 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1766258 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2766459 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3766581 +Node: Anagram Program766696 +Node: Signature Program769757 +Node: Programs Summary771004 +Node: Programs Exercises772225 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1776356 +Node: Advanced Features776447 +Node: Nondecimal Data778429 +Node: Array Sorting780019 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal780719 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1789085 +Node: Array Sorting Functions789203 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1793089 +Node: Two-way I/O793285 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1798230 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2798416 +Node: TCP/IP Networking798498 +Node: Profiling801370 +Node: Advanced Features Summary809641 +Node: Internationalization811574 +Node: I18N and L10N813054 +Node: Explaining gettext813740 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1818765 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2818949 +Node: Programmer i18n819114 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1823990 +Node: Translator i18n824039 +Node: String Extraction824833 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1825964 +Node: Printf Ordering826050 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1828836 +Node: I18N Portability828900 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1831356 +Node: I18N Example831419 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1834222 +Node: Gawk I18N834294 +Node: I18N Summary834938 +Node: Debugger836278 +Node: Debugging837300 +Node: Debugging Concepts837741 +Node: Debugging Terms839551 +Node: Awk Debugging842123 +Node: Sample Debugging Session843029 +Node: Debugger Invocation843563 +Node: Finding The Bug844948 +Node: List of Debugger Commands851427 +Node: Breakpoint Control852759 +Node: Debugger Execution Control856436 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data859795 +Node: Execution Stack863171 +Node: Debugger Info864806 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands868851 +Node: Readline Support873852 +Node: Limitations874746 +Node: Debugging Summary876861 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic878035 +Node: Computer Arithmetic879451 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges883050 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1883574 +Node: Math Definitions883631 +Ref: table-ieee-formats886926 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1887530 +Node: MPFR features887635 +Node: FP Math Caution889306 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1890356 +Node: Inexactness of computations890725 +Node: Inexact representation891684 +Node: Comparing FP Values893042 +Node: Errors accumulate894124 +Node: Getting Accuracy895556 +Node: Try To Round898260 +Node: Setting precision899159 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings899843 +Node: Setting the rounding mode901672 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes902036 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1905488 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers905667 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1910565 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems910714 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1914593 +Node: Floating point summary914631 +Node: Dynamic Extensions916827 +Node: Extension Intro918379 +Node: Plugin License919644 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline920441 +Ref: figure-load-extension920869 +Ref: figure-register-new-function922349 +Ref: figure-call-new-function923353 +Node: Extension API Description925340 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction926790 +Node: General Data Types931611 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1937418 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions937717 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1940556 +Node: Constructor Functions940652 +Node: Registration Functions942386 +Node: Extension Functions943071 +Node: Exit Callback Functions945368 +Node: Extension Version String946616 +Node: Input Parsers947281 +Node: Output Wrappers957160 +Node: Two-way processors961675 +Node: Printing Messages963879 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1964955 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'965107 +Node: Requesting Values965847 +Ref: table-value-types-returned966575 +Node: Accessing Parameters967532 +Node: Symbol Table Access968763 +Node: Symbol table by name969277 +Node: Symbol table by cookie971258 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1975402 +Node: Cached values975465 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1978964 +Node: Array Manipulation979055 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1980153 +Node: Array Data Types980190 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1982845 +Node: Array Functions982937 +Node: Flattening Arrays986791 +Node: Creating Arrays993683 +Node: Extension API Variables998454 +Node: Extension Versioning999090 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1000991 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1002056 +Node: Finding Extensions1005865 +Node: Extension Example1006425 +Node: Internal File Description1007197 +Node: Internal File Ops1011264 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11022934 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1023074 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11025457 +Node: Extension Samples1025730 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1027256 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1034894 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1036385 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1037600 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1039275 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1040111 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1040987 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1041798 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1042388 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1043128 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1045068 +Node: Extension Sample Time1046163 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1047512 +Node: gawkextlib1048003 +Node: Extension summary1050661 +Node: Extension Exercises1054350 +Node: Language History1055072 +Node: V7/SVR3.11056728 +Node: SVR41058909 +Node: POSIX1060354 +Node: BTL1061743 +Node: POSIX/GNU1062477 +Node: Feature History1068266 +Node: Common Extensions1081992 +Node: Ranges and Locales1083316 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11087934 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21087961 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31088195 +Node: Contributors1088416 +Node: History summary1093957 +Node: Installation1095327 +Node: Gawk Distribution1096273 +Node: Getting1096757 +Node: Extracting1097580 +Node: Distribution contents1099215 +Node: Unix Installation1105280 +Node: Quick Installation1105963 +Node: Shell Startup Files1108374 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1109453 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1111192 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1113561 +Node: PC Installation1114019 +Node: PC Binary Installation1115338 +Node: PC Compiling1117186 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11120207 +Node: PC Testing1120316 +Node: PC Using1121492 +Node: Cygwin1125607 +Node: MSYS1126430 +Node: VMS Installation1126930 +Node: VMS Compilation1127722 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11128944 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1129002 +Node: VMS Installation Details1130686 +Node: VMS Running1132938 +Node: VMS GNV1135774 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1136508 +Node: Bugs1136978 +Node: Other Versions1140861 +Node: Installation summary1147285 +Node: Notes1148341 +Node: Compatibility Mode1149206 +Node: Additions1149988 +Node: Accessing The Source1150913 +Node: Adding Code1152348 +Node: New Ports1158505 +Node: Derived Files1162987 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11168462 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21168496 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31169092 +Node: Future Extensions1169206 +Node: Implementation Limitations1169812 +Node: Extension Design1171060 +Node: Old Extension Problems1172214 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11173731 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1173788 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11177148 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1177337 +Node: Extension Future Growth1179445 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1180281 +Node: Notes summary1182043 +Node: Basic Concepts1183229 +Node: Basic High Level1183910 +Ref: figure-general-flow1184182 +Ref: figure-process-flow1184781 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11188010 +Node: Basic Data Typing1188195 +Node: Glossary1191523 +Node: Copying1223452 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1261008 +Node: Index1286144 End Tag Table |