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diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index a67eafbb..06d2dbb9 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -9409,24 +9409,23 @@ with a pound sign (`#'). words; separate pairs of words by a single space. One word controls sort direction, `ascending' or `descending'; another controls the sort key, `index' or `value'; and the remaining - one, which is only valid for sorting by index, is comparison - mode, `string' or `number'. When two or three words are - present, they may be specified in any order, so `ascending - index string' and `string ascending index' are equivalent. - Also, each word may be truncated, so `asc index str' and `a i - s' are also equivalent. Note that a separating space is - required even when the words have been shortened down to one - letter each. + one affects comparison mode, `string' or `number'. When two + or three words are present, they may be specified in any + order, so `ascending index string' and `string ascending + index' are equivalent. Also, each word may be truncated, so + `asc index str' and `a i s' are also equivalent. Note that a + separating space is required even when the words have been + shortened down to one letter each. You can omit direction and/or key type and/or comparison mode. Provided that at least one is present, the missing parts of a sort specification default to `ascending', - `index', and (for indices only) `string', respectively. An - empty string, `""', is the same as `unsorted' and will cause - `for (index in array) ...' to process the indices in - arbitrary order. Another thing to note is that the array - sorting takes place at the time the `for' loop is about to - start executing, so changing the value of + `index', and `string', respectively. An empty string, `""', + is the same as `ascending index string', and a value of + `unsorted' will cause `for (index in array) ...' to process + the indices in arbitrary order. Another thing to note is + that the array sorting takes place at the time the `for' loop + is about to start executing, so changing the value of `PROCINFO["sorted_in"]' during loop execution does not have any effect on the order in which any remaining array elements get processed. *Note Scanning an Array::, for more @@ -9972,11 +9971,14 @@ are available: process. Any index with non-numeric value will end up positioned as if it were zero. -`ascending value' - Order by element values rather than by indices. Comparisons are - done as numeric when both values being compared are numeric, or - done as strings when either or both aren't numeric (*note Variable - Typing::). Subarrays, if present, come out last. +`ascending value string' + Order by element values rather than by indices. Scalar values are + compared as strings. Subarrays, if present, come out last. + +`ascending value number' + Order by values but force scalar values to be treated as numbers + for the purpose of comparison. If there are subarrays, those + appear at the end of the sorted list. `descending index string' Reverse order from the most basic sort. @@ -9984,22 +9986,31 @@ are available: `descending index number' Numeric indices ordered from high to low. -`descending value' - Element values ordered from high to low. Subarrays, if present, - come out first. +`descending value string' + Element values, treated as strings, ordered from high to low. + Subarrays, if present, come out first. + +`descending value number' + Element values, treated as numbers, ordered from high to low. + Subarrays, if present, come out first. `unsorted' Array elements are processed in arbitrary order, the normal `awk' - behavior. + behavior. You can also get the normal behavior by just deleting + the `"sorted_in"' item from the `PROCINFO' array, if it previously + had a value assigned to it. The array traversal order is determined before the `for' loop starts -to run. Changing `PROCINFO["sorted_in"]' in the looop body will not +to run. Changing `PROCINFO["sorted_in"]' in the loop body will not affect the loop. Portions of the sort specification string may be truncated or omitted. The default is `ascending' for direction, `index' for sort -key type, and (when sorting by index only) `string' for comparison mode. -For example: +key type, and `string' for comparison mode. This implies that one can +simply assign the empty string, "", instead of "ascending index string" +to `PROCINFO["sorted_in"]' for the same effect. + + For example: $ gawk 'BEGIN { > a[4] = 4 @@ -10025,11 +10036,6 @@ value, regardless of what the subarray itself contains, and all subarrays are treated as being equal to each other. Their order relative to each other is determined by their index strings. - Sorting by array element values (for values other than subarrays) -always uses basic `awk' comparison mode: if both values happen to be -numbers then they're compared as numbers, otherwise they're compared as -strings. - When string comparisons are made during a sort, either for element values where one or both aren't numbers or for element indices handled as strings, the value of `IGNORECASE' (*note Built-in Variables::) @@ -10365,8 +10371,7 @@ For example: After the call to `asort()', the array `data' is indexed from 1 to some number N, the total number of elements in `data'. (This count is `asort()''s return value.) `data[1]' <= `data[2]' <= `data[3]', and so -on. The comparison of array elements is done using `gawk''s usual -comparison rules (*note Typing and Comparison::). +on. The array elements are compared as strings. An important side effect of calling `asort()' is that _the array's original indices are irrevocably lost_. As this isn't always @@ -10381,6 +10386,19 @@ desirable, `asort()' accepts a second argument: and then sorts `dest', destroying its indices. However, the `source' array is not affected. + `asort()' and `asorti()' accept a third string argument to control +the comparison rule for the array elements, and the direction of the +sorted results. The valid comparison modes are `string' and `number', +and the direction can be either `ascending' or `descending'. Either +mode or direction, or both, can be omitted in which case the defaults, +`string' or `ascending' is assumed for the comparison mode and the +direction, respectively. Seperate comparison mode from direction with +a single space, and they can appear in any order. To compare the +elements as numbers, and to reverse the elements of the `dest' array, +the call to asort in the above example can be replaced with: + + asort(source, dest, "descending number") + Often, what's needed is to sort on the values of the _indices_ instead of the values of the elements. To do that, use the `asorti()' function. The interface is identical to that of `asort()', except that @@ -10403,7 +10421,8 @@ result array: Sorting the array by replacing the indices provides maximal flexibility. To traverse the elements in decreasing order, use a loop that goes from N down to 1, either over the elements or over the -indices. +indices. This is an alternative to specifying `descending' for the +sorting order using the optional third argument. Copying array indices and elements isn't expensive in terms of memory. Internally, `gawk' maintains "reference counts" to data. For @@ -10411,12 +10430,10 @@ example, when `asort()' copies the first array to the second one, there is only one copy of the original array elements' data, even though both arrays use the values. - We said previously that comparisons are done using `gawk''s "usual -comparison rules." Because `IGNORECASE' affects string comparisons, -the value of `IGNORECASE' also affects sorting for both `asort()' and -`asorti()'. Note also that the locale's sorting order does _not_ come -into play; comparisons are based on character values only.(1) Caveat -Emptor. + Because `IGNORECASE' affects string comparisons, the value of +`IGNORECASE' also affects sorting for both `asort()' and `asorti()'. +Note also that the locale's sorting order does _not_ come into play; +comparisons are based on character values only.(1) Caveat Emptor. ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -10780,15 +10797,26 @@ pound sign (`#'): `&' with `sub()', `gsub()', and `gensub()'. -`asort(SOURCE [, DEST]) #' +`asort(SOURCE [, DEST [, HOW ] ]) #' Return the number of elements in the array SOURCE. `gawk' sorts - the contents of SOURCE using the normal rules for comparing values - (in particular, `IGNORECASE' affects the sorting) and replaces the - indices of the sorted values of SOURCE with sequential integers - starting with one. If the optional array DEST is specified, then - SOURCE is duplicated into DEST. DEST is then sorted, leaving the - indices of SOURCE unchanged. For example, if the contents of `a' - are as follows: + the contents of SOURCE and replaces the indices of the sorted + values of SOURCE with sequential integers starting with one. If + the optional array DEST is specified, then SOURCE is duplicated + into DEST. DEST is then sorted, leaving the indices of SOURCE + unchanged. The optional third argument HOW is a string which + controls the rule for comparing values, and the sort direction. A + single space is required between the comparison mode, `string' or + `number', and the direction specification, `ascending' or + `descending'. You can omit direction and/or mode in which case it + will default to `ascending' and `string', respectively. An empty + string "" is the same as the default `"ascending string"' for the + value of HOW. If the `source' array contains subarrays as values, + they will come out last(first) in the `dest' array for + `ascending'(`descending') order specification. The value of + `IGNORECASE' affects the sorting. *Note Scanning an Array::, for + more information. + + For example, if the contents of `a' are as follows: a["last"] = "de" a["first"] = "sac" @@ -10804,16 +10832,20 @@ pound sign (`#'): a[2] = "de" a[3] = "sac" + In order to reverse the direction of the sorted results in the + above example, `asort()' can be called with three arguments as + follows: + + asort(a, a, "descending") + The `asort()' function is described in more detail in *note Array Sorting::. `asort()' is a `gawk' extension; it is not available in compatibility mode (*note Options::). -`asorti(SOURCE [, DEST]) #' +`asorti(SOURCE [, DEST [, HOW ] ]) #' Return the number of elements in the array SOURCE. It works similarly to `asort()', however, the _indices_ are sorted, instead - of the values. As array indices are always strings, the - comparison performed is always a string comparison. (Here too, - `IGNORECASE' affects the sorting.) + of the values. (Here too, `IGNORECASE' affects the sorting.) The `asorti()' function is described in more detail in *note Array Sorting::. `asorti()' is a `gawk' extension; it is not available @@ -24444,7 +24476,7 @@ Index (line 67) * advanced features, data files as single record: Records. (line 175) * advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 9) -* advanced features, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 230) +* advanced features, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 229) * advanced features, gawk: Advanced Features. (line 6) * advanced features, gawk, network programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) @@ -24518,7 +24550,7 @@ Index * arrays, names of: Arrays. (line 18) * arrays, scanning: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * arrays, sorting: Array Sorting. (line 6) -* arrays, sorting, IGNORECASE variable and: Array Sorting. (line 68) +* arrays, sorting, IGNORECASE variable and: Array Sorting. (line 81) * arrays, sparse: Array Intro. (line 71) * arrays, subscripts: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 6) @@ -24531,7 +24563,7 @@ Index * asort() function (gawk) <1>: String Functions. (line 29) * asort() function (gawk): Array Sorting. (line 6) * asort() function (gawk), arrays, sorting: Array Sorting. (line 6) -* asorti() function (gawk): String Functions. (line 57) +* asorti() function (gawk): String Functions. (line 74) * assert() function (C library): Assert Function. (line 6) * assert() user-defined function: Assert Function. (line 28) * assertions: Assert Function. (line 6) @@ -24775,7 +24807,7 @@ Index * caret (^), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 16) * case keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * case sensitivity, array indices and: Array Intro. (line 92) -* case sensitivity, converting case: String Functions. (line 504) +* case sensitivity, converting case: String Functions. (line 519) * case sensitivity, example programs: Library Functions. (line 42) * case sensitivity, gawk: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * case sensitivity, regexps and <1>: User-modified. (line 82) @@ -24850,7 +24882,7 @@ Index * common extensions, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 25) * common extensions, func keyword: Definition Syntax. (line 83) * common extensions, length() applied to an array: String Functions. - (line 178) + (line 193) * common extensions, nextfile statement: Nextfile Statement. (line 6) * common extensions, RS as a regexp: Records. (line 115) * common extensions, single character fields: Single Character Fields. @@ -24892,7 +24924,7 @@ Index * constants, types of: Constants. (line 6) * continue statement: Continue Statement. (line 6) * control statements: Statements. (line 6) -* converting, case: String Functions. (line 504) +* converting, case: String Functions. (line 519) * converting, dates to timestamps: Time Functions. (line 74) * converting, during subscripting: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) @@ -24944,13 +24976,13 @@ Index (line 47) * dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 92) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 230) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 229) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) * dark corner, input files: Records. (line 98) * dark corner, invoking awk: Command Line. (line 16) -* dark corner, length() function: String Functions. (line 164) +* dark corner, length() function: String Functions. (line 179) * dark corner, multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 35) * dark corner, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * dark corner, OFMT variable: OFMT. (line 27) @@ -24960,7 +24992,7 @@ Index (line 148) * dark corner, regexp constants, as arguments to user-defined functions: Using Constant Regexps. (line 43) -* dark corner, split() function: String Functions. (line 343) +* dark corner, split() function: String Functions. (line 358) * dark corner, strings, storing: Records. (line 191) * dark corner, value of ARGV[0]: Auto-set. (line 35) * data, fixed-width: Constant Size. (line 9) @@ -25091,7 +25123,7 @@ Index * deleting elements in arrays: Delete. (line 6) * deleting entire arrays: Delete. (line 39) * dgawk: Debugger. (line 6) -* differences between gawk and awk: String Functions. (line 178) +* differences between gawk and awk: String Functions. (line 193) * differences in awk and gawk, ARGC/ARGV variables: ARGC and ARGV. (line 88) * differences in awk and gawk, ARGIND variable: Auto-set. (line 40) @@ -25131,7 +25163,7 @@ Index (line 34) * differences in awk and gawk, LINT variable: User-modified. (line 98) * differences in awk and gawk, match() function: String Functions. - (line 241) + (line 256) * differences in awk and gawk, next/nextfile statements: Nextfile Statement. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. @@ -25143,15 +25175,15 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, regular expressions: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: Records. (line 167) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 219) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 218) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. - (line 331) + (line 346) * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: Records. (line 187) * differences in awk and gawk, strtonum() function (gawk): String Functions. - (line 386) + (line 401) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 153) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -25299,7 +25331,7 @@ Index * extensions, common, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 25) * extensions, common, func keyword: Definition Syntax. (line 83) * extensions, common, length() applied to an array: String Functions. - (line 178) + (line 193) * extensions, common, nextfile statement: Nextfile Statement. (line 6) * extensions, common, RS as a regexp: Records. (line 115) * extensions, common, single character fields: Single Character Fields. @@ -25424,7 +25456,7 @@ Index * floating-point, numbers, AWKNUM internal type: Internals. (line 19) * FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 102) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 230) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 229) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, in arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 24) * force_number() internal function: Internals. (line 27) @@ -25561,7 +25593,7 @@ Index * gawk, functions, adding: Dynamic Extensions. (line 10) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: String Functions. (line 29) -* gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <2>: Array Sorting. (line 68) +* gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <2>: Array Sorting. (line 81) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <3>: Array Intro. (line 92) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <4>: User-modified. (line 82) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) @@ -25596,7 +25628,7 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 157) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 219) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 218) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * gawk, RT variable in <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -25614,7 +25646,7 @@ Index (line 63) * General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 306) * General Public License, See GPL: Manual History. (line 11) -* gensub() function (gawk) <1>: String Functions. (line 68) +* gensub() function (gawk) <1>: String Functions. (line 83) * gensub() function (gawk): Using Constant Regexps. (line 43) * gensub() function (gawk), escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -25683,10 +25715,10 @@ Index * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) -* gsub() function <1>: String Functions. (line 121) +* gsub() function <1>: String Functions. (line 136) * gsub() function: Using Constant Regexps. (line 43) -* gsub() function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 444) +* gsub() function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 459) * gsub() function, escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6) * h debugger command (alias for help): Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 68) @@ -25720,11 +25752,11 @@ Index * igawk.sh program: Igawk Program. (line 124) * ignore debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 86) * IGNORECASE variable <1>: String Functions. (line 29) -* IGNORECASE variable <2>: Array Sorting. (line 68) +* IGNORECASE variable <2>: Array Sorting. (line 81) * IGNORECASE variable <3>: Array Intro. (line 92) * IGNORECASE variable <4>: User-modified. (line 82) * IGNORECASE variable: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) -* IGNORECASE variable, array sorting and: Array Sorting. (line 68) +* IGNORECASE variable, array sorting and: Array Sorting. (line 81) * IGNORECASE variable, array subscripts and: Array Intro. (line 92) * IGNORECASE variable, in example programs: Library Functions. (line 42) @@ -25741,7 +25773,7 @@ Index * in operator, arrays and: Reference to Elements. (line 37) * increment operators: Increment Ops. (line 6) -* index() function: String Functions. (line 137) +* index() function: String Functions. (line 152) * indexing arrays: Array Intro. (line 50) * indirect function calls: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * info debugger command: Dgawk Info. (line 12) @@ -25877,7 +25909,7 @@ Index (line 11) * left shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * leftmost longest match: Multiple Line. (line 26) -* length() function: String Functions. (line 148) +* length() function: String Functions. (line 163) * Lesser General Public License (LGPL): Glossary. (line 385) * LGPL (Lesser General Public License): Glossary. (line 385) * libmawk: Other Versions. (line 104) @@ -25961,9 +25993,9 @@ Index (line 6) * marked strings, extracting: String Extraction. (line 6) * Marx, Groucho: Increment Ops. (line 61) -* match() function: String Functions. (line 188) +* match() function: String Functions. (line 203) * match() function, RSTART/RLENGTH variables: String Functions. - (line 205) + (line 220) * matching, expressions, See comparison expressions: Typing and Comparison. (line 9) * matching, leftmost longest: Multiple Line. (line 26) @@ -26038,7 +26070,7 @@ Index * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 118) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 230) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 229) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 50) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -26162,7 +26194,7 @@ Index * parentheses (): Regexp Operators. (line 79) * parentheses (), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 141) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) -* patsplit() function: String Functions. (line 275) +* patsplit() function: String Functions. (line 290) * patterns: Patterns and Actions. (line 6) * patterns, comparison expressions as: Expression Patterns. (line 14) @@ -26220,7 +26252,7 @@ Index * portability, gawk: New Ports. (line 6) * portability, gettext library and: Explaining gettext. (line 10) * portability, internationalization and: I18N Portability. (line 6) -* portability, length() function: String Functions. (line 157) +* portability, length() function: String Functions. (line 172) * portability, new awk vs. old awk: Conversion. (line 55) * portability, next statement in user-defined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 91) @@ -26228,7 +26260,7 @@ Index * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 61) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) * portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 305) -* portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 494) +* portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 509) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 36) * portable object files, converting to message object files: I18N Example. @@ -26264,7 +26296,7 @@ Index * POSIX awk, field separators and: Fields. (line 6) * POSIX awk, FS variable and: User-modified. (line 66) * POSIX awk, function keyword in: Definition Syntax. (line 83) -* POSIX awk, functions and, length(): String Functions. (line 157) +* POSIX awk, functions and, length(): String Functions. (line 172) * POSIX awk, GNU long options and: Options. (line 15) * POSIX awk, interval expressions in: Regexp Operators. (line 135) * POSIX awk, next/nextfile statements and: Next Statement. (line 45) @@ -26402,7 +26434,7 @@ Index * recursive functions: Definition Syntax. (line 73) * redirection of input: Getline/File. (line 6) * redirection of output: Redirection. (line 6) -* reference counting, sorting arrays: Array Sorting. (line 62) +* reference counting, sorting arrays: Array Sorting. (line 75) * regexp constants <1>: Comparison Operators. (line 103) * regexp constants <2>: Regexp Constants. (line 6) @@ -26468,8 +26500,8 @@ Index * right angle bracket (>), >> operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 50) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 74) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 206) -* RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 205) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 205) +* RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 220) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) * Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 106) @@ -26493,9 +26525,9 @@ Index * RS variable: Records. (line 20) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift() function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 51) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 212) -* RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 205) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 219) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 211) +* RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 220) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 218) * RT variable <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * RT variable <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -26521,7 +26553,7 @@ Index * search paths, for source files <2>: PC Using. (line 11) * search paths, for source files <3>: Igawk Program. (line 364) * search paths, for source files: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6) -* searching: String Functions. (line 137) +* searching: String Functions. (line 152) * searching, files for regular expressions: Egrep Program. (line 6) * searching, for words: Dupword Program. (line 6) * sed utility <1>: Glossary. (line 12) @@ -26560,7 +26592,7 @@ Index * side effects: Concatenation. (line 42) * side effects, array indexing: Reference to Elements. (line 42) -* side effects, asort() function: Array Sorting. (line 25) +* side effects, asort() function: Array Sorting. (line 24) * side effects, assignment expressions: Assignment Ops. (line 23) * side effects, Boolean operators: Boolean Ops. (line 30) * side effects, conditional expressions: Conditional Exp. (line 22) @@ -26612,10 +26644,10 @@ Index * sparse arrays: Array Intro. (line 71) * Spencer, Henry: Glossary. (line 12) * split utility: Split Program. (line 6) -* split() function: String Functions. (line 297) +* split() function: String Functions. (line 312) * split() function, array elements, deleting: Delete. (line 57) * split.awk program: Split Program. (line 30) -* sprintf() function <1>: String Functions. (line 362) +* sprintf() function <1>: String Functions. (line 377) * sprintf() function: OFMT. (line 15) * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 124) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. @@ -26664,14 +26696,14 @@ Index * strings, null: Regexp Field Splitting. (line 43) * strings, numeric: Variable Typing. (line 6) -* strings, splitting: String Functions. (line 317) -* strtonum() function (gawk): String Functions. (line 369) +* strings, splitting: String Functions. (line 332) +* strtonum() function (gawk): String Functions. (line 384) * strtonum() function (gawk), --non-decimal-data option and: Nondecimal Data. (line 36) -* sub() function <1>: String Functions. (line 390) +* sub() function <1>: String Functions. (line 405) * sub() function: Using Constant Regexps. (line 43) -* sub() function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 444) +* sub() function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 459) * sub() function, escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6) * subscript separators: User-modified. (line 147) * subscripts in arrays, multidimensional: Multi-dimensional. (line 10) @@ -26684,7 +26716,7 @@ Index * SUBSEP variable: User-modified. (line 147) * SUBSEP variable, multidimensional arrays: Multi-dimensional. (line 16) -* substr() function: String Functions. (line 463) +* substr() function: String Functions. (line 478) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 55) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. @@ -26735,8 +26767,8 @@ Index * timestamps, converting dates to: Time Functions. (line 74) * timestamps, formatted: Gettimeofday Function. (line 6) -* tolower() function: String Functions. (line 505) -* toupper() function: String Functions. (line 511) +* tolower() function: String Functions. (line 520) +* toupper() function: String Functions. (line 526) * tr utility: Translate Program. (line 6) * trace debugger command: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 110) @@ -26759,9 +26791,9 @@ Index * troubleshooting, gawk, fatal errors, function arguments: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * troubleshooting, getline function: File Checking. (line 25) -* troubleshooting, gsub()/sub() functions: String Functions. (line 454) -* troubleshooting, match() function: String Functions. (line 270) -* troubleshooting, patsplit() function: String Functions. (line 293) +* troubleshooting, gsub()/sub() functions: String Functions. (line 469) +* troubleshooting, match() function: String Functions. (line 285) +* troubleshooting, patsplit() function: String Functions. (line 308) * troubleshooting, print statement, omitting commas: Print Examples. (line 31) * troubleshooting, printing: Redirection. (line 118) @@ -26770,7 +26802,7 @@ Index * troubleshooting, regexp constants vs. string constants: Computed Regexps. (line 38) * troubleshooting, string concatenation: Concatenation. (line 27) -* troubleshooting, substr() function: String Functions. (line 481) +* troubleshooting, substr() function: String Functions. (line 496) * troubleshooting, system() function: I/O Functions. (line 85) * troubleshooting, typographical errors, global variables: Options. (line 94) @@ -27122,225 +27154,225 @@ Node: Built-in Variables383628 Node: User-modified384723 Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1392749 Node: Auto-set392811 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1403553 -Node: ARGC and ARGV403758 -Node: Arrays407609 -Node: Array Basics409180 -Node: Array Intro409891 -Node: Reference to Elements414209 -Node: Assigning Elements416479 -Node: Array Example416970 -Node: Scanning an Array418702 -Node: Controlling Scanning421078 -Node: Delete424416 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1426851 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts426908 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts429091 -Node: Multi-dimensional430719 -Node: Multi-scanning433810 -Node: Array Sorting435394 -Ref: Array Sorting-Footnote-1438488 -Node: Arrays of Arrays438682 -Node: Functions443255 -Node: Built-in444077 -Node: Calling Built-in445155 -Node: Numeric Functions447143 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1450908 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2451265 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3451313 -Node: String Functions451582 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1474084 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2474213 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3474461 -Node: Gory Details474548 -Ref: table-sub-escapes476227 -Ref: table-posix-sub477541 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes478454 -Node: I/O Functions479625 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1486280 -Node: Time Functions486427 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1497319 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2497387 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3497545 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4497656 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5497768 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6497995 -Node: Bitwise Functions498261 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops498819 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1502979 -Node: Type Functions503163 -Node: I18N Functions503633 -Node: User-defined505260 -Node: Definition Syntax506064 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1510974 -Node: Function Example511043 -Node: Function Caveats513637 -Node: Calling A Function514058 -Node: Variable Scope515173 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference517148 -Node: Return Statement520588 -Node: Dynamic Typing523569 -Node: Indirect Calls524304 -Node: Internationalization533989 -Node: I18N and L10N535415 -Node: Explaining gettext536101 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1541167 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2541351 -Node: Programmer i18n541516 -Node: Translator i18n545716 -Node: String Extraction546509 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1547470 -Node: Printf Ordering547556 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1550340 -Node: I18N Portability550404 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1552853 -Node: I18N Example552916 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1555551 -Node: Gawk I18N555623 -Node: Advanced Features556240 -Node: Nondecimal Data557559 -Node: Two-way I/O559140 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1564574 -Node: TCP/IP Networking564644 -Node: Profiling567488 -Node: Library Functions574962 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1577969 -Node: Library Names578140 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1581611 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2581831 -Node: General Functions581917 -Node: Strtonum Function582870 -Node: Assert Function585800 -Node: Round Function589126 -Node: Cliff Random Function590669 -Node: Ordinal Functions591685 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1594755 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2595007 -Node: Join Function595216 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1596987 -Node: Gettimeofday Function597187 -Node: Data File Management600902 -Node: Filetrans Function601534 -Node: Rewind Function605673 -Node: File Checking607060 -Node: Empty Files608154 -Node: Ignoring Assigns610384 -Node: Getopt Function611937 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1623241 -Node: Passwd Functions623444 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1632419 -Node: Group Functions632507 -Node: Walking Arrays640591 -Node: Sample Programs642160 -Node: Running Examples642825 -Node: Clones643553 -Node: Cut Program644777 -Node: Egrep Program654622 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1662395 -Node: Id Program662505 -Node: Split Program666121 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1669640 -Node: Tee Program669768 -Node: Uniq Program672571 -Node: Wc Program680000 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1684266 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2684466 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs684558 -Node: Dupword Program685746 -Node: Alarm Program687777 -Node: Translate Program692526 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1696913 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2697141 -Node: Labels Program697275 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1700646 -Node: Word Sorting700730 -Node: History Sorting704614 -Node: Extract Program706453 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1713936 -Node: Simple Sed714064 -Node: Igawk Program717126 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1732159 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2732360 -Node: Anagram Program732498 -Node: Signature Program735566 -Node: Debugger736666 -Node: Debugging737577 -Node: Debugging Concepts737990 -Node: Debugging Terms739846 -Node: Awk Debugging742468 -Node: Sample dgawk session743360 -Node: dgawk invocation743852 -Node: Finding The Bug745034 -Node: List of Debugger Commands751520 -Node: Breakpoint Control752831 -Node: Dgawk Execution Control756467 -Node: Viewing And 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Running826545 -Node: VMS Old Gawk828152 -Node: Bugs828626 -Node: Other Versions832536 -Node: Notes837815 -Node: Compatibility Mode838507 -Node: Additions839290 -Node: Accessing The Source840102 -Node: Adding Code841527 -Node: New Ports847494 -Node: Dynamic Extensions851607 -Node: Internals852983 -Node: Plugin License862086 -Node: Sample Library862720 -Node: Internal File Description863406 -Node: Internal File Ops867121 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1871902 -Node: Using Internal File Ops872042 -Node: Future Extensions874419 -Node: Basic Concepts876923 -Node: Basic High Level877680 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-1881715 -Node: Basic Data Typing881900 -Node: Floating Point Issues886425 -Node: String Conversion Precision887508 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1889202 -Node: Unexpected Results889311 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems891137 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1894839 -Node: Glossary894877 -Node: Copying919020 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License956577 -Node: Index981714 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1403524 +Node: ARGC and ARGV403729 +Node: Arrays407580 +Node: Array Basics409151 +Node: Array Intro409862 +Node: Reference to Elements414180 +Node: Assigning Elements416450 +Node: Array Example416941 +Node: Scanning an Array418673 +Node: Controlling Scanning421049 +Node: Delete424695 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1427130 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts427187 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts429370 +Node: Multi-dimensional430998 +Node: Multi-scanning434089 +Node: Array Sorting435673 +Ref: Array Sorting-Footnote-1439452 +Node: Arrays of Arrays439646 +Node: Functions444219 +Node: Built-in445041 +Node: Calling Built-in446119 +Node: Numeric Functions448107 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1451872 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2452229 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3452277 +Node: String Functions452546 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1475818 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2475947 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3476195 +Node: Gory Details476282 +Ref: table-sub-escapes477961 +Ref: table-posix-sub479275 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes480188 +Node: I/O Functions481359 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1488014 +Node: Time Functions488161 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1499053 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2499121 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3499279 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4499390 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5499502 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6499729 +Node: Bitwise Functions499995 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops500553 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1504713 +Node: Type Functions504897 +Node: I18N Functions505367 +Node: User-defined506994 +Node: Definition Syntax507798 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1512708 +Node: Function Example512777 +Node: Function Caveats515371 +Node: Calling A Function515792 +Node: Variable Scope516907 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference518882 +Node: Return Statement522322 +Node: Dynamic Typing525303 +Node: Indirect Calls526038 +Node: Internationalization535723 +Node: I18N and L10N537149 +Node: Explaining gettext537835 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1542901 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2543085 +Node: Programmer i18n543250 +Node: Translator i18n547450 +Node: String Extraction548243 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1549204 +Node: Printf Ordering549290 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1552074 +Node: I18N Portability552138 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1554587 +Node: I18N Example554650 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1557285 +Node: Gawk I18N557357 +Node: Advanced Features557974 +Node: Nondecimal Data559293 +Node: Two-way I/O560874 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1566308 +Node: TCP/IP Networking566378 +Node: Profiling569222 +Node: Library Functions576696 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1579703 +Node: Library Names579874 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1583345 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2583565 +Node: General Functions583651 +Node: Strtonum Function584604 +Node: Assert Function587534 +Node: Round Function590860 +Node: Cliff Random Function592403 +Node: Ordinal Functions593419 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1596489 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2596741 +Node: Join Function596950 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1598721 +Node: Gettimeofday Function598921 +Node: Data File Management602636 +Node: Filetrans Function603268 +Node: Rewind Function607407 +Node: File Checking608794 +Node: Empty Files609888 +Node: Ignoring Assigns612118 +Node: Getopt Function613671 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1624975 +Node: Passwd Functions625178 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1634153 +Node: Group Functions634241 +Node: Walking Arrays642325 +Node: Sample Programs643894 +Node: Running Examples644559 +Node: Clones645287 +Node: Cut Program646511 +Node: Egrep Program656356 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1664129 +Node: Id Program664239 +Node: Split Program667855 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1671374 +Node: Tee Program671502 +Node: Uniq Program674305 +Node: Wc Program681734 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1686000 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2686200 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs686292 +Node: Dupword Program687480 +Node: Alarm Program689511 +Node: Translate Program694260 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1698647 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2698875 +Node: Labels Program699009 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1702380 +Node: Word Sorting702464 +Node: History Sorting706348 +Node: Extract Program708187 +Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1715670 +Node: Simple Sed715798 +Node: Igawk Program718860 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1733893 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2734094 +Node: Anagram Program734232 +Node: Signature Program737300 +Node: Debugger738400 +Node: Debugging739311 +Node: Debugging Concepts739724 +Node: Debugging Terms741580 +Node: Awk Debugging744202 +Node: Sample dgawk session745094 +Node: dgawk invocation745586 +Node: Finding The Bug746768 +Node: List of Debugger Commands753254 +Node: Breakpoint Control754565 +Node: Dgawk Execution Control758201 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data761552 +Node: Dgawk Stack764889 +Node: Dgawk Info766349 +Node: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands770297 +Node: Readline Support775725 +Node: Dgawk Limitations776563 +Node: Language History778752 +Node: V7/SVR3.1780190 +Node: SVR4782511 +Node: POSIX783953 +Node: BTL784961 +Node: POSIX/GNU785695 +Node: Common Extensions790796 +Node: Contributors791897 +Node: Installation796036 +Node: Gawk Distribution796930 +Node: Getting797414 +Node: Extracting798240 +Node: Distribution contents799932 +Node: Unix Installation805154 +Node: Quick Installation805771 +Node: Additional Configuration Options807733 +Node: Configuration Philosophy809210 +Node: Non-Unix Installation811552 +Node: PC Installation812010 +Node: PC Binary Installation813309 +Node: PC Compiling815157 +Node: PC Testing818101 +Node: PC Using819277 +Node: Cygwin823462 +Node: MSYS824462 +Node: VMS Installation824976 +Node: VMS Compilation825579 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-1826586 +Node: VMS Installation Details826644 +Node: VMS Running828279 +Node: VMS Old Gawk829886 +Node: Bugs830360 +Node: Other Versions834270 +Node: Notes839549 +Node: Compatibility Mode840241 +Node: Additions841024 +Node: Accessing The Source841836 +Node: Adding Code843261 +Node: New Ports849228 +Node: Dynamic Extensions853341 +Node: Internals854717 +Node: Plugin License863820 +Node: Sample Library864454 +Node: Internal File Description865140 +Node: Internal File Ops868855 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1873636 +Node: Using Internal File Ops873776 +Node: Future Extensions876153 +Node: Basic Concepts878657 +Node: Basic High Level879414 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-1883449 +Node: Basic Data Typing883634 +Node: Floating Point Issues888159 +Node: String Conversion Precision889242 +Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1890936 +Node: Unexpected Results891045 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems892871 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1896573 +Node: Glossary896611 +Node: Copying920754 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License958311 +Node: Index983448 End Tag Table |