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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1044 |
1 files changed, 550 insertions, 494 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 1766ab94..fd3a5b8a 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -4136,6 +4136,54 @@ that you can define a variable to be a number or a string: str = "hi" String variable re = /foo/ Wrong! re is the result of $0 ~ /foo/ + For a number of more advanced use cases (described later on in this +Info file), it would be nice to have regexp constants that are "strongly +typed"; in other words, that denote a regexp useful for matching, and +not an expression. + + 'gawk' provides this feature. A strongly typed regexp constant looks +almost like a regular regexp constant, except that it is preceded by an +'@' sign: + + re = @/foo/ Regexp variable + + Strongly typed regexp constants _cannot_ be used eveywhere that a +regular regexp constant can, because this would make the language even +more confusing. Instead, you may use them only in certain contexts: + + * On the righthand side of the '~' and '!~' operators: 'some_var ~ + @/foo/' (*note Regexp Usage::). + + * In the 'case' part of a 'switch' statement (*note Switch + Statement::). + + * As an argument to one of the built-in functions that accept regexp + constants: 'gensub()', 'gsub()', 'match()', 'patsplit()', + 'split()', and 'sub()' (*note String Functions::). + + * As a parameter in a call to a user-defined function (*note + User-defined::). + + * On the righthand side of an assignment to a variable: 'some_var = + @/foo/'. In this case, the type of 'some_var' is regexp. + Additionally, 'some_var' can be used with '~' and '!~', passed to + one of the built-in functions listed above, or passed as a + parameter to a user-defined function. + + You may use the 'typeof()' built-in function (*note Type Functions::) +to determine if a variable or function parameter is a regexp variable. + + The true power of this feature comes from the ability to create +variables that have regexp type. Such variables can be passed on to +user-defined functions, without the confusing aspects of computed +regular expressions created from strings or string constants. They may +also be passed through indirect function calls (*note Indirect Calls::) +onto the built-in functions that accept regexp constants. + + When used in numeric conversions, strongly typed regexp variables +convert to zero. When used in string conversions, they convert to the +string value of the original regexp text. + File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Regexp @@ -4173,6 +4221,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Reg sensitivity of regexp matching. In other 'awk' versions, use 'tolower()' or 'toupper()'. + * Strongly typed regexp constants ('@/.../') enable certain advanced + use cases to be described later on in the Info file. + File: gawk.info, Node: Reading Files, Next: Printing, Prev: Regexp, Up: Top @@ -13550,6 +13601,10 @@ contexts. '"array"' X is an array. + '"regexp"' + X is a strongly typed regexp (*note Strong Regexp + Constants::). + '"number"' X is a number. @@ -13596,7 +13651,8 @@ parameter is an array or not. turning it into a scalar. The 'typeof()' function is general; it allows you to determine if a -variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array. +variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array, or a strongly +typed regexp. 'isarray()' is deprecated; you should use 'typeof()' instead. You should replace any existing uses of 'isarray(var)' in your code with @@ -35330,498 +35386,498 @@ Node: Case-sensitivity185993 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1188889 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2189124 Node: Strong Regexp Constants189232 -Node: Regexp Summary190021 -Node: Reading Files191496 -Node: Records193659 -Node: awk split records194392 -Node: gawk split records199323 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1203863 -Node: Fields203900 -Node: Nonconstant Fields206641 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1208877 -Node: Changing Fields209081 -Node: Field Separators215009 -Node: Default Field Splitting217707 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting218825 -Node: Single Character Fields222178 -Node: Command Line Field Separator223238 -Node: Full Line Fields226456 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1227978 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2228024 -Node: Field Splitting Summary228125 -Node: Constant Size230199 -Node: Splitting By Content234777 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1238748 -Node: Multiple Line238911 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1244793 -Node: Getline244972 -Node: Plain Getline247439 -Node: Getline/Variable250078 -Node: Getline/File251227 -Node: Getline/Variable/File252613 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1254216 -Node: Getline/Pipe254304 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe257009 -Node: Getline/Coprocess258142 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess259407 -Node: Getline Notes260147 -Node: Getline Summary262942 -Ref: table-getline-variants263364 -Node: Read Timeout264112 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1268018 -Node: Retrying Input268076 -Node: Command-line directories269275 -Node: Input Summary270181 -Node: Input Exercises273353 -Node: Printing274081 -Node: Print275915 -Node: Print Examples277372 -Node: Output Separators280152 -Node: OFMT282169 -Node: Printf283525 -Node: Basic Printf284310 -Node: Control Letters285884 -Node: Format Modifiers289872 -Node: Printf Examples295887 -Node: Redirection298373 -Node: Special FD305214 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1308382 -Node: Special Files308456 -Node: Other Inherited Files309073 -Node: Special Network310074 -Node: Special Caveats310934 -Node: Close Files And Pipes311883 -Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values318790 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1319573 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2319721 -Node: Nonfatal319873 -Node: Output Summary322198 -Node: Output Exercises323420 -Node: Expressions324099 -Node: Values325287 -Node: Constants325965 -Node: Scalar Constants326656 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1327520 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers327770 -Node: Regexp Constants330783 -Node: Using Constant Regexps331309 -Node: Variables334472 -Node: Using Variables335129 -Node: Assignment Options337039 -Node: Conversion338912 -Node: Strings And Numbers339436 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1342499 -Node: Locale influences conversions342608 -Ref: table-locale-affects345366 -Node: All Operators345984 -Node: Arithmetic Ops346613 -Node: Concatenation349119 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1351966 -Node: Assignment Ops352073 -Ref: table-assign-ops357064 -Node: Increment Ops358377 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions361837 -Node: Truth Values362911 -Node: Typing and Comparison363959 -Node: Variable Typing364779 -Node: Comparison Operators368403 -Ref: table-relational-ops368822 -Node: POSIX String Comparison372317 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1373391 -Node: Boolean Ops373530 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1378012 -Node: Conditional Exp378104 -Node: Function Calls379840 -Node: Precedence383717 -Node: Locales387376 -Node: Expressions Summary389008 -Node: Patterns and Actions391581 -Node: Pattern Overview392701 -Node: Regexp Patterns394378 -Node: Expression Patterns394920 -Node: Ranges398701 -Node: BEGIN/END401809 -Node: Using BEGIN/END402570 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1405306 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END405412 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE407726 -Node: Empty410633 -Node: Using Shell Variables410950 -Node: Action Overview413224 -Node: Statements415549 -Node: If Statement417397 -Node: While Statement418892 -Node: Do Statement420920 -Node: For Statement422068 -Node: Switch Statement425226 -Node: Break Statement427612 -Node: Continue Statement429704 -Node: Next Statement431531 -Node: Nextfile Statement433914 -Node: Exit Statement436566 -Node: Built-in Variables438969 -Node: User-modified440102 -Node: Auto-set447688 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1462341 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2462547 -Node: ARGC and ARGV462603 -Node: Pattern Action Summary466816 -Node: Arrays469246 -Node: Array Basics470575 -Node: Array Intro471419 -Ref: figure-array-elements473394 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1476098 -Node: Reference to Elements476226 -Node: Assigning Elements478690 -Node: Array Example479181 -Node: Scanning an Array480940 -Node: Controlling Scanning483962 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1489361 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts489677 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts491861 -Node: Delete493480 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1496232 -Node: Multidimensional496289 -Node: Multiscanning499384 -Node: Arrays of Arrays500975 -Node: Arrays Summary505742 -Node: Functions507835 -Node: Built-in508873 -Node: Calling Built-in509954 -Node: Numeric Functions511950 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1516783 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2517140 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3517188 -Node: String Functions517460 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1540964 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2541092 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3541340 -Node: Gory Details541427 -Ref: table-sub-escapes543218 -Ref: table-sub-proposed544737 -Ref: table-posix-sub546100 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes547641 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1548464 -Node: I/O Functions548618 -Ref: table-system-return-values555200 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1557180 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2557328 -Node: Time Functions557448 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1567953 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2568021 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3568179 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4568290 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5568402 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6568629 -Node: Bitwise Functions568895 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops569489 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1573827 -Node: Type Functions574000 -Node: I18N Functions576532 -Node: User-defined578183 -Node: Definition Syntax578988 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1584675 -Node: Function Example584746 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1587668 -Node: Function Caveats587690 -Node: Calling A Function588208 -Node: Variable Scope589166 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference592160 -Node: Return Statement595659 -Node: Dynamic Typing598638 -Node: Indirect Calls599568 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1609819 -Node: Functions Summary609947 -Node: Library Functions612652 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1616259 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2616402 -Node: Library Names616573 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1620033 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2620256 -Node: General Functions620342 -Node: Strtonum Function621445 -Node: Assert Function624467 -Node: Round Function627793 -Node: Cliff Random Function629334 -Node: Ordinal Functions630350 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1633413 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2633665 -Node: Join Function633875 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1635645 -Node: Getlocaltime Function635845 -Node: Readfile Function639587 -Node: Shell Quoting641559 -Node: Data File Management642960 -Node: Filetrans Function643592 -Node: Rewind Function647688 -Node: File Checking649594 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1650928 -Node: Empty Files651129 -Node: Ignoring Assigns653108 -Node: Getopt Function654658 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1666127 -Node: Passwd Functions666327 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1675166 -Node: Group Functions675254 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1683151 -Node: Walking Arrays683358 -Node: Library Functions Summary686366 -Node: Library Exercises687772 -Node: Sample Programs688237 -Node: Running Examples689007 -Node: Clones689735 -Node: Cut Program690959 -Node: Egrep Program700888 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1708400 -Node: Id Program708510 -Node: Split Program712190 -Ref: Split 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Sample Debugging Session858696 -Node: Debugger Invocation859230 -Node: Finding The Bug860616 -Node: List of Debugger Commands867094 -Node: Breakpoint Control868427 -Node: Debugger Execution Control872121 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data875483 -Node: Execution Stack878857 -Node: Debugger Info880494 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands884565 -Node: Readline Support889653 -Node: Limitations890549 -Ref: Limitations-Footnote-1894780 -Node: Debugging Summary894831 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic896110 -Node: Computer Arithmetic897526 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges901117 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1901839 -Node: Math Definitions901896 -Ref: table-ieee-formats905210 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1905813 -Node: MPFR features905918 -Node: FP Math Caution907635 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1908707 -Node: Inexactness of computations909076 -Node: Inexact representation910036 -Node: Comparing FP Values911396 -Node: Errors accumulate912478 -Node: Getting Accuracy913911 -Node: Try To 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Control Letters288168 +Node: Format Modifiers292156 +Node: Printf Examples298171 +Node: Redirection300657 +Node: Special FD307498 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1310666 +Node: Special Files310740 +Node: Other Inherited Files311357 +Node: Special Network312358 +Node: Special Caveats313218 +Node: Close Files And Pipes314167 +Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values321074 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1321857 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2322005 +Node: Nonfatal322157 +Node: Output Summary324482 +Node: Output Exercises325704 +Node: Expressions326383 +Node: Values327571 +Node: Constants328249 +Node: Scalar Constants328940 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1329804 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers330054 +Node: Regexp Constants333067 +Node: Using Constant Regexps333593 +Node: Variables336756 +Node: Using Variables337413 +Node: Assignment Options339323 +Node: Conversion341196 +Node: Strings And Numbers341720 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1344783 +Node: Locale influences conversions344892 +Ref: 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Inexactness of computations911489 +Node: Inexact representation912449 +Node: Comparing FP Values913809 +Node: Errors accumulate914891 +Node: Getting Accuracy916324 +Node: Try To Round919034 +Node: Setting precision919933 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings920630 +Node: Setting the rounding mode922460 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes922834 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1926242 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers926421 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1931338 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems931487 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1935369 +Node: Floating point summary935407 +Node: Dynamic Extensions937597 +Node: Extension Intro939150 +Node: Plugin License940416 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline941213 +Ref: figure-load-extension941652 +Ref: figure-register-new-function943217 +Ref: figure-call-new-function944309 +Node: Extension API Description946371 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction947903 +Node: General Data Types952762 +Ref: General 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PC Binary Installation1143421 +Node: PC Compiling1145273 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11148067 +Node: PC Testing1148176 +Node: PC Using1149356 +Ref: PC Using-Footnote-11153509 +Node: Cygwin1153582 +Node: MSYS1154352 +Node: VMS Installation1154853 +Node: VMS Compilation1155644 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11156873 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1156931 +Node: VMS Installation Details1158616 +Node: VMS Running1160869 +Node: VMS GNV1165148 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1165883 +Node: Bugs1166354 +Node: Other Versions1170669 +Node: Installation summary1177253 +Node: Notes1178304 +Node: Compatibility Mode1179169 +Node: Additions1179951 +Node: Accessing The Source1180876 +Node: Adding Code1182311 +Node: New Ports1188530 +Node: Derived Files1193018 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11198503 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21198538 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31199136 +Node: Future Extensions1199250 +Node: Implementation Limitations1199908 +Node: Extension Design1201091 +Node: Old Extension Problems1202245 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11203763 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1203820 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11207184 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1207373 +Node: Extension Future Growth1209486 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1210322 +Node: Notes summary1212085 +Node: Basic Concepts1213267 +Node: Basic High Level1213948 +Ref: figure-general-flow1214230 +Ref: figure-process-flow1214915 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11218216 +Node: Basic Data Typing1218401 +Node: Glossary1221729 +Node: Copying1253676 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1291215 +Node: Index1316333 End Tag Table |