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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1441 |
1 files changed, 914 insertions, 527 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 1c596811..db547191 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -193,7 +193,8 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) field. * Command Line Field Separator:: Setting `FS' from the command-line. -* Full Line Fields:: Making the full line be a single field. +* Full Line Fields:: Making the full line be a single + field. * Field Splitting Summary:: Some final points and a summary table. * Constant Size:: Reading constant width data. * Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content @@ -583,6 +584,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) version of `awk'. * POSIX/GNU:: The extensions in `gawk' not in POSIX `awk'. +* Feature History:: The history of the features in `gawk'. * Common Extensions:: Common Extensions Summary. * Ranges and Locales:: How locales used to affect regexp ranges. @@ -24910,6 +24912,7 @@ you can find more information. `awk'. * POSIX/GNU:: The extensions in `gawk' not in POSIX `awk'. +* Feature History:: The history of the features in `gawk'. * Common Extensions:: Common Extensions Summary. * Ranges and Locales:: How locales used to affect regexp ranges. * Contributors:: The major contributors to `gawk'. @@ -25088,7 +25091,7 @@ in his version of `awk'. available in his `awk'. -File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX/GNU, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: BTL, Up: Language History +File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX/GNU, Next: Feature History, Prev: BTL, Up: Language History A.5 Extensions in `gawk' Not in POSIX `awk' =========================================== @@ -25245,9 +25248,391 @@ the current version of `gawk'. -File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Ranges and Locales, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History +File: gawk.info, Node: Feature History, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History + +A.6 History of `gawk' Features +============================== + +This minor node describes the features in `gawk' over and above those +in POSIX `awk', in the order they were added to `gawk'. + + Version 2.10 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * The `AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path search for + the `-f' command-line option (*note Options::). + + * The `IGNORECASE' variable and its effects (*note + Case-sensitivity::). + + * The `/dev/stdin', `/dev/stdout', `/dev/stderr' and `/dev/fd/N' + special file names (*note Special Files::). + + Version 2.13 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * The `FIELDWIDTHS' variable and its effects (*note Constant Size::). + + * The `systime()' and `strftime()' built-in functions for obtaining + and printing timestamps (*note Time Functions::). + + * Additional command-line options (*note Options::): + + - The `-W lint' option to provide error and portability checking + for both the source code and at runtime. + + - The `-W compat' option to turn off the GNU extensions. + + - The `-W posix' option for full POSIX compliance. + + Version 2.14 of `gawk' introduced the following feature: + + * The `next file' statement for skipping to the next data file + (*note Nextfile Statement::). + + Version 2.15 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * New variables (*note Built-in Variables::): + + - `ARGIND', which tracks the movement of `FILENAME' through + `ARGV'. + + - `ERRNO', which contains the system error message when + `getline' returns -1 or `close()' fails. + + * The `/dev/pid', `/dev/ppid', `/dev/pgrpid', and `/dev/user' + special file names. These have since been removed. + + * The ability to delete all of an array at once with `delete ARRAY' + (*note Delete::). + + * Command line option changes (*note Options::): + + - The ability to use GNU-style long-named options that start + with `--'. + + - The `--source' option for mixing command-line and library-file + source code. + + Version 3.0 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * New or changed variables: + + - `IGNORECASE' changed, now applying to string comparison as + well as regexp operations (*note Case-sensitivity::). + + - `RT', which contains the input text that matched `RS' (*note + Records::). + + * Full support for both POSIX and GNU regexps (*note Regexp::). + + * The `gensub()' function for more powerful text manipulation (*note + String Functions::). + + * The `strftime()' function acquired a default time format, allowing + it to be called with no arguments (*note Time Functions::). + + * The ability for `FS' and for the third argument to `split()' to be + null strings (*note Single Character Fields::). + + * The ability for `RS' to be a regexp (*note Records::). + + * The `next file' statement became `nextfile' (*note Nextfile + Statement::). + + * The `fflush()' function from the Bell Laboratories research + version of `awk' (*note I/O Functions::). + + * New command line options: + + - The `--lint-old' option to warn about constructs that are not + available in the original Version 7 Unix version of `awk' + (*note V7/SVR3.1::). + + - The `-m' option from the Bell Laboratories research version + of `awk' This was later removed. + + - The `--re-interval' option to provide interval expressions in + regexps (*note Regexp Operators::). + + - The `--traditional' option was added as a better name for + `--compat' (*note Options::). + + * The use of GNU Autoconf to control the configuration process + (*note Quick Installation::). + + * Amiga support. + + + Version 3.1 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * New variables (*note Built-in Variables::): + + - `BINMODE', for non-POSIX systems, which allows binary I/O for + input and/or output files (*note PC Using::). + + - `LINT', which dynamically controls lint warnings. + + - `PROCINFO', an array for providing process-related + information. + + - `TEXTDOMAIN', for setting an application's + internationalization text domain (*note + Internationalization::). + + * The ability to use octal and hexadecimal constants in `awk' + program source code (*note Nondecimal-numbers::). + + * The `|&' operator for two-way I/O to a coprocess (*note Two-way + I/O::). + + * The `/inet' special files for TCP/IP networking using `|&' (*note + TCP/IP Networking::). + + * The optional second argument to `close()' that allows closing one + end of a two-way pipe to a coprocess (*note Two-way I/O::). + + * The optional third argument to the `match()' function for + capturing text-matching subexpressions within a regexp (*note + String Functions::). + + * Positional specifiers in `printf' formats for making translations + easier (*note Printf Ordering::). + + * A number of new built-in functions: + + - The `asort()' and `asorti()' functions for sorting arrays + (*note Array Sorting::). + + - The `bindtextdomain()', `dcgettext()' and `dcngettext()' + functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::). + + - The `extension()' function and the ability to add new + built-in functions dynamically (*note Dynamic Extensions::). + + - The `mktime()' function for creating timestamps (*note Time + Functions::). + + - The `and()', `or()', `xor()', `compl()', `lshift()', + `rshift()', and `strtonum()' functions (*note Bitwise + Functions::). + + * The support for `next file' as two words was removed completely + (*note Nextfile Statement::). + + * Additional commnd line options (*note Options::): + + - The `--dump-variables' option to print a list of all global + variables. + + - The `--exec' option, for use in CGI scripts. + + - The `--gen-po' command-line option and the use of a leading + underscore to mark strings that should be translated (*note + String Extraction::). + + - The `--non-decimal-data' option to allow non-decimal input + data (*note Nondecimal Data::). + + - The `--profile' option and `pgawk', the profiling version of + `gawk', for producing execution profiles of `awk' programs + (*note Profiling::). + + - The `--use-lc-numeric' option to force `gawk' to use the + locale's decimal point for parsing input data (*note + Conversion::). + + * The use of GNU Automake to help in standardizing the configuration + process (*note Quick Installation::). + + * The use of GNU `gettext' for `gawk''s own message output (*note + Gawk I18N::). + + * BeOS support. This was later removed. + + * Tandem support. This was later removed. + + * The Atari port became officially unsupported. + + * The source code changed to use ISO C standard-style function + definitions. + + * POSIX compliance for `sub()' and `gsub()' (*note Gory Details::). + + * The `length()' function was extended to accept an array argument + and return the number of elements in the array (*note String + Functions::). + + * The `strftime()' function acquired a third argument to enable + printing times as UTC (*note Time Functions::). + + Version 4.0 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * Variable additions: + + - `FPAT', which allows you to specify a regexp that matches the + fields, instead of matching the field separator (*note + Splitting By Content::). + + - If `PROCINFO["sorted_in"]' exists, `for(iggy in foo)' loops + sort the indices before looping over them. The value of this + element provides control over how the indices are sorted + before the loop traversal starts (*note Controlling + Scanning::). + + - `PROCINFO["strftime"]', which holds the default format for + `strftime()' (*note Time Functions::). + + * The special files `/dev/pid', `/dev/ppid', `/dev/pgrpid' and + `/dev/user' were removed. + + * Support for IPv6 was added via the `/inet6' special file. + `/inet4' forces IPv4 and `/inet' chooses the system default, which + is probably IPv4 (*note TCP/IP Networking::). + + * The use of `\s' and `\S' escape sequences in regular expressions + (*note GNU Regexp Operators::). + + * Interval expressions became part of default regular expressions + (*note Regexp Operators::). + + * POSIX character classes work even with `--traditional' (*note + Regexp Operators::). + + * `break' and `continue' became invalid outside a loop, even with + `--traditional' (*note Break Statement::, and also see *note + Continue Statement::). + + * `fflush()', `nextfile', and `delete ARRAY' are allowed if + `--posix' or `--traditional', since they are all now part of POSIX. + + * An optional third argument to `asort()' and `asorti()', specifying + how to sort (*note String Functions::). + + * The behavior of `fflush()' changed to match Brian Kernighan's `awk' + and for POSIX; now both `fflush()' and `fflush("")' flush all open + output redirections (*note I/O Functions::). + + * The `isarray()' function which distinguishes if an item is an array + or not, to make it possible to traverse multidimensional arrays + (*note Type Functions::). + + * The `patsplit()' function which gives the same capability as + `FPAT', for splitting (*note String Functions::). + + * An optional fourth argument to the `split()' function, which is an + array to hold the values of the separators (*note String + Functions::). + + * Arrays of arrays (*note Arrays of Arrays::). + + * The `BEGINFILE' and `ENDFILE' special patterns (*note + BEGINFILE/ENDFILE::). + + * Indirect function calls (*note Indirect Calls::). + + * `switch' / `case' are enabled by default (*note Switch + Statement::). + + * Command line option changes (*note Options::): + + - The `-b' and `--characters-as-bytes' options which prevent + `gawk' from treating input as a multibyte string. + + - The redundant `--compat', `--copyleft', and `--usage' long + options were removed. + + - The `--gen-po' option was finally renamed to the correct + `--gen-pot'. + + - The `--sandbox' option which disables certain features. + + - All long options acquired corresponding short options, for + use in `#!' scripts. + + * Directories named on the command line now produce a warning, not a + fatal error, unless `--posix' or `--traditional' are used (*note + Command line directories::). + + * The `gawk' internals were rewritten, bringing the `dgawk' debugger + and possibly improved performance (*note Debugger::). + + * Per the GNU Coding Standards, dynamic extensions must now define a + global symbol indicating that they are GPL-compatible (*note + Plugin License::). + + * In POSIX mode, string comparisons use `strcoll()' / `wcscoll()' + (*note POSIX String Comparison::). + + * The option for raw sockets was removed, since it was never + implemented (*note TCP/IP Networking::). + + * Ranges of the form `[d-h]' are treated as if they were in the C + locale, no matter what kind of regexp is being used, and even if + `--posix' (*note Ranges and Locales::). + + * Support was removed for the following systems: + + - Atari + + - Amiga + + - BeOS + + - Cray + + - MIPS RiscOS + + - MS-DOS with Microsoft Compiler + + - MS-Windows with Microsoft Compiler + + - NeXT + + - SunOS 3.x, Sun 386 (Road Runner) + + - Tandem (non-POSIX) + + - Prestandard VAX C compiler for VAX/VMS + + Version 4.1 of `gawk' introduced the following features: + + * Three new arrays: `SYMTAB', `FUNCTAB', and + `PROCINFO["identifiers"]' (*note Auto-set::). + + * The three executables `gawk', `pgawk', and `dgawk', were merged + into one, named just `gawk'. As a result the command line options + changed. + + * Command line option changes (*note Options::): + + - The `-D' option invokes the debugger. + + - The `-i' and `--include' options load `awk' library files. + + - The `-l' and `--load' options for load compiled dynamic + extensions. + + - The `-M' and `--bignum' options enable MPFR. + + - The `-o' only does pretty-printing. + + - The `-p' option is used for profiling. + + - The `-R' option was removed. + + * Support for high precision arithmetic with MPFR. (*note Gawk and + MPFR::). + + * The `and()', `or()' and `xor()' functions allow any number of + arguments, with a minimum of two (*note Bitwise Functions::). + + * The dynamic extension interface was completely redone (*note + Dynamic Extensions::). + + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Ranges and Locales, Prev: Feature History, Up: Language History -A.6 Common Extensions Summary +A.7 Common Extensions Summary ============================= This minor node summarizes the common extensions supported by `gawk', @@ -25259,7 +25644,7 @@ Feature BWK Awk Mawk GNU Awk `\x' Escape sequence X X X `RS' as regexp X X `FS' as null string X X X -`/dev/stdin' special file X X +`/dev/stdin' special file X X X `/dev/stdout' special file X X X `/dev/stderr' special file X X X `**' and `**=' operators X X @@ -25267,7 +25652,7 @@ Feature BWK Awk Mawk GNU Awk `func' keyword X X `nextfile' statement X X X `delete' without subscript X X X -`length()' of an array X X +`length()' of an array X X X `BINMODE' variable X X Time related functions X X @@ -25278,7 +25663,7 @@ POSIX.) File: gawk.info, Node: Ranges and Locales, Next: Contributors, Prev: Common Extensions, Up: Language History -A.7 Regexp Ranges and Locales: A Long Sad Story +A.8 Regexp Ranges and Locales: A Long Sad Story =============================================== This minor node describes the confusing history of ranges within @@ -25384,7 +25769,7 @@ and its rationale File: gawk.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: Ranges and Locales, Up: Language History -A.8 Major Contributors to `gawk' +A.9 Major Contributors to `gawk' ================================ Always give credit where credit is due. -- Anonymous @@ -31399,6 +31784,7 @@ Index (line 19) * next debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 43) +* next file statement: Feature History. (line 168) * next statement <1>: Next Statement. (line 6) * next statement: Boolean Ops. (line 85) * next statement, BEGIN/END patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 37) @@ -32367,524 +32753,525 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1366 -Node: Foreword40737 -Node: Preface45082 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-148135 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-248231 -Node: History48463 -Node: Names50837 -Ref: Names-Footnote-152314 -Node: This Manual52386 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-158160 -Node: Conventions58260 -Node: Manual History60416 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163864 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263905 -Node: How To Contribute63979 -Node: Acknowledgments65123 -Node: Getting Started69332 -Node: Running gawk71711 -Node: One-shot72897 -Node: Read Terminal74122 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175772 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-276048 -Node: Long76219 -Node: Executable Scripts77595 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179428 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279530 -Node: Comments80077 -Node: Quoting82544 -Node: DOS Quoting87167 -Node: Sample Data Files87842 -Node: Very Simple90886 -Node: Two Rules95485 -Node: More Complex97632 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100562 -Node: Statements/Lines100647 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1105109 -Node: Other Features105374 -Node: When106302 -Node: Invoking Gawk108449 -Node: Command Line109910 -Node: Options110693 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1126085 -Node: Other Arguments126110 -Node: Naming Standard Input128768 -Node: Environment Variables129862 -Node: AWKPATH Variable130420 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1133178 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable133438 -Node: Other Environment Variables134156 -Node: Exit Status137119 -Node: Include Files137794 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries141363 -Node: Obsolete142727 -Node: Undocumented143424 -Node: Regexp143666 -Node: Regexp Usage145055 -Node: Escape Sequences147081 -Node: Regexp Operators152750 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1160130 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2160277 -Node: Bracket Expressions160375 -Ref: table-char-classes162265 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators164788 -Node: Case-sensitivity168511 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1171479 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2171714 -Node: Leftmost Longest171822 -Node: Computed Regexps173023 -Node: Reading Files176360 -Node: Records178362 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1187251 -Node: Fields187288 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1190321 -Node: Nonconstant Fields190407 -Node: Changing Fields192609 -Node: Field Separators198568 -Node: Default Field Splitting201270 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting202387 -Node: Single Character Fields205729 -Node: Command Line Field Separator206788 -Node: Full Line Fields210222 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210730 -Node: Field Splitting Summary210776 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213875 -Node: Constant Size213976 -Node: Splitting By Content218560 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1222286 -Node: Multiple Line222326 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1228173 -Node: Getline228352 -Node: Plain Getline230568 -Node: Getline/Variable232663 -Node: Getline/File233810 -Node: Getline/Variable/File235151 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236750 -Node: Getline/Pipe236837 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239536 -Node: Getline/Coprocess240643 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241895 -Node: Getline Notes242632 -Node: Getline Summary245419 -Ref: table-getline-variants245827 -Node: Read Timeout246739 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1250480 -Node: Command line directories250537 -Node: Printing251167 -Node: Print252798 -Node: Print Examples254135 -Node: Output Separators256919 -Node: OFMT258679 -Node: Printf260037 -Node: Basic Printf260943 -Node: Control Letters262482 -Node: Format Modifiers266294 -Node: Printf Examples272303 -Node: Redirection275018 -Node: Special Files281983 -Node: Special FD282516 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1286141 -Node: Special Network286215 -Node: Special Caveats287065 -Node: Close Files And Pipes287861 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1294844 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2294992 -Node: Expressions295142 -Node: Values296274 -Node: Constants296950 -Node: Scalar Constants297630 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1298489 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers298671 -Node: Regexp Constants301671 -Node: Using Constant Regexps302146 -Node: Variables305201 -Node: Using Variables305856 -Node: Assignment Options307580 -Node: Conversion309452 -Ref: table-locale-affects314953 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315577 -Node: All Operators315686 -Node: Arithmetic Ops316316 -Node: Concatenation318821 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321613 -Node: Assignment Ops321733 -Ref: table-assign-ops326721 -Node: Increment Ops328052 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions331486 -Node: Truth Values332569 -Node: Typing and Comparison333618 -Node: Variable Typing334411 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338308 -Node: Comparison Operators338430 -Ref: table-relational-ops338840 -Node: POSIX String Comparison342389 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343345 -Node: Boolean Ops343483 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347561 -Node: Conditional Exp347652 -Node: Function Calls349384 -Node: Precedence352978 -Node: Locales356647 -Node: Patterns and Actions357736 -Node: Pattern Overview358790 -Node: Regexp Patterns360459 -Node: Expression Patterns361002 -Node: Ranges364687 -Node: BEGIN/END367653 -Node: Using BEGIN/END368415 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1371146 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END371252 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373534 -Node: Empty376448 -Node: Using Shell Variables376764 -Node: Action Overview379049 -Node: Statements381406 -Node: If Statement383260 -Node: While Statement384759 -Node: Do Statement386803 -Node: For Statement387959 -Node: Switch Statement391111 -Node: Break Statement393208 -Node: Continue Statement395198 -Node: Next Statement396991 -Node: Nextfile Statement399381 -Node: Exit Statement402024 -Node: Built-in Variables404440 -Node: User-modified405535 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413893 -Node: Auto-set413955 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1427425 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427630 -Node: ARGC and ARGV427686 -Node: Arrays431537 -Node: Array Basics433042 -Node: Array Intro433868 -Node: Reference to Elements438185 -Node: Assigning Elements440455 -Node: Array Example440946 -Node: Scanning an Array442678 -Node: Controlling Scanning444992 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1450079 -Node: Delete450395 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1453160 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts453217 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts455400 -Node: Multidimensional457027 -Node: Multiscanning460120 -Node: Arrays of Arrays461709 -Node: Functions466349 -Node: Built-in467168 -Node: Calling Built-in468246 -Node: Numeric Functions470234 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1474066 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2474423 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3474471 -Node: String Functions474740 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497660 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497789 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3498037 -Node: Gory Details498124 -Ref: table-sub-escapes499803 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92501157 -Ref: table-sub-proposed502508 -Ref: table-posix-sub503862 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes505407 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506583 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506634 -Node: I/O Functions506785 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513770 -Node: Time Functions513917 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524850 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524918 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3525076 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4525187 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5525299 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6525526 -Node: Bitwise Functions525792 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops526354 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1530575 -Node: Type Functions530759 -Node: I18N Functions531910 -Node: User-defined533537 -Node: Definition Syntax534341 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1539251 -Node: Function Example539320 -Node: Function Caveats541914 -Node: Calling A Function542335 -Node: Variable Scope543450 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference546413 -Node: Return Statement549921 -Node: Dynamic Typing552902 -Node: Indirect Calls553833 -Node: Library Functions563518 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1567031 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2567174 -Node: Library Names567345 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570816 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2571036 -Node: General Functions571122 -Node: Strtonum Function572150 -Node: Assert Function575080 -Node: Round Function578406 -Node: Cliff Random Function579949 -Node: Ordinal Functions580965 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1584035 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2584287 -Node: Join Function584496 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1586267 -Node: Getlocaltime Function586467 -Node: Readfile Function590208 -Node: Data File Management592047 -Node: Filetrans Function592679 -Node: Rewind Function596748 -Node: File Checking598135 -Node: Empty Files599229 -Node: Ignoring Assigns601459 -Node: Getopt Function603012 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1614315 -Node: Passwd Functions614518 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1623493 -Node: Group Functions623581 -Node: Walking Arrays631665 -Node: Sample Programs633802 -Node: Running Examples634476 -Node: Clones635204 -Node: Cut Program636428 -Node: Egrep Program646273 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1654046 -Node: Id Program654156 -Node: Split Program657772 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1661291 -Node: Tee Program661419 -Node: Uniq Program664222 -Node: Wc Program671651 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1675917 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2676117 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs676209 -Node: Dupword Program677397 -Node: Alarm Program679428 -Node: Translate Program684181 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1688568 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2688816 -Node: Labels Program688950 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1692321 -Node: Word Sorting692405 -Node: History Sorting696289 -Node: Extract Program698128 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1705631 -Node: Simple Sed705759 -Node: Igawk Program708821 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1723978 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2724179 -Node: Anagram Program724317 -Node: Signature Program727385 -Node: Advanced Features728485 -Node: Nondecimal Data730371 -Node: Array Sorting731954 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal732651 -Node: Array Sorting Functions740935 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1744804 -Node: Two-way I/O744998 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1750430 -Node: TCP/IP Networking750500 -Node: Profiling753344 -Node: Internationalization760841 -Node: I18N and L10N762266 -Node: Explaining gettext762952 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1768020 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2768204 -Node: Programmer i18n768369 -Node: Translator i18n772571 -Node: String Extraction773364 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1774325 -Node: Printf Ordering774411 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1777195 -Node: I18N Portability777259 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1779708 -Node: I18N Example779771 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1782409 -Node: Gawk I18N782481 -Node: Debugger783102 -Node: Debugging784073 -Node: Debugging Concepts784506 -Node: Debugging Terms786362 -Node: Awk Debugging788959 -Node: Sample Debugging Session789851 -Node: Debugger Invocation790371 -Node: Finding The Bug791703 -Node: List of Debugger Commands798191 -Node: Breakpoint Control799525 -Node: Debugger Execution Control803189 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data806549 -Node: Execution Stack809905 -Node: Debugger Info811372 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands815354 -Node: Readline Support820530 -Node: Limitations821361 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic823613 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1825262 -Node: General Arithmetic825410 -Node: Floating Point Issues827130 -Node: String Conversion Precision828011 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1829716 -Node: Unexpected Results829825 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems831978 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1835803 -Node: Integer Programming835841 -Node: Floating-point Programming837580 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1843911 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-2844181 -Node: Floating-point Representation844445 -Node: Floating-point Context845610 -Ref: table-ieee-formats846449 -Node: Rounding Mode847833 -Ref: table-rounding-modes848312 -Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1851327 -Node: Gawk and MPFR851506 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats852761 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1855204 -Node: 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