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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1046 |
1 files changed, 551 insertions, 495 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 973af87c..c39afa4f 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -4136,6 +4136,54 @@ that you can define a variable to be a number or a string: str = "hi" String variable re = /foo/ Wrong! re is the result of $0 ~ /foo/ + For a number of more advanced use cases (described later on in this +Info file), it would be nice to have regexp constants that are "strongly +typed"; in other words, that denote a regexp useful for matching, and +not an expression. + + 'gawk' provides this feature. A strongly typed regexp constant looks +almost like a regular regexp constant, except that it is preceded by an +'@' sign: + + re = @/foo/ Regexp variable + + Strongly typed regexp constants _cannot_ be used eveywhere that a +regular regexp constant can, because this would make the language even +more confusing. Instead, you may use them only in certain contexts: + + * On the righthand side of the '~' and '!~' operators: 'some_var ~ + @/foo/' (*note Regexp Usage::). + + * In the 'case' part of a 'switch' statement (*note Switch + Statement::). + + * As an argument to one of the built-in functions that accept regexp + constants: 'gensub()', 'gsub()', 'match()', 'patsplit()', + 'split()', and 'sub()' (*note String Functions::). + + * As a parameter in a call to a user-defined function (*note + User-defined::). + + * On the righthand side of an assignment to a variable: 'some_var = + @/foo/'. In this case, the type of 'some_var' is regexp. + Additionally, 'some_var' can be used with '~' and '!~', passed to + one of the built-in functions listed above, or passed as a + parameter to a user-defined function. + + You may use the 'typeof()' built-in function (*note Type Functions::) +to determine if a variable or function parameter is a regexp variable. + + The true power of this feature comes from the ability to create +variables that have regexp type. Such variables can be passed on to +user-defined functions, without the confusing aspects of computed +regular expressions created from strings or string constants. They may +also be passed through indirect function calls (*note Indirect Calls::) +onto the built-in functions that accept regexp constants. + + When used in numeric conversions, strongly typed regexp variables +convert to zero. When used in string conversions, they convert to the +string value of the original regexp text. + File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Regexp @@ -4173,6 +4221,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Reg sensitivity of regexp matching. In other 'awk' versions, use 'tolower()' or 'toupper()'. + * Strongly typed regexp constants ('@/.../') enable certain advanced + use cases to be described later on in the Info file. + File: gawk.info, Node: Reading Files, Next: Printing, Prev: Regexp, Up: Top @@ -13567,6 +13618,10 @@ contexts. '"array"' X is an array. + '"regexp"' + X is a strongly typed regexp (*note Strong Regexp + Constants::). + '"number"' X is a number. @@ -13613,7 +13668,8 @@ parameter is an array or not. turning it into a scalar. The 'typeof()' function is general; it allows you to determine if a -variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array. +variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array, or a strongly +typed regexp. 'isarray()' is deprecated; you should use 'typeof()' instead. You should replace any existing uses of 'isarray(var)' in your code with @@ -35347,499 +35403,499 @@ Node: Case-sensitivity185993 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1188889 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2189124 Node: Strong Regexp Constants189232 -Node: Regexp Summary190021 -Node: Reading Files191496 -Node: Records193659 -Node: awk split records194392 -Node: gawk split records199323 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1203863 -Node: Fields203900 -Node: Nonconstant Fields206641 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1208877 -Node: Changing Fields209081 -Node: Field Separators215009 -Node: Default Field Splitting217707 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting218825 -Node: Single Character Fields222178 -Node: Command Line Field Separator223238 -Node: Full Line Fields226456 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1227978 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2228024 -Node: Field Splitting Summary228125 -Node: Constant Size230199 -Node: Splitting By Content234777 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1238748 -Node: Multiple Line238911 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1244793 -Node: Getline244972 -Node: Plain Getline247439 -Node: Getline/Variable250078 -Node: Getline/File251227 -Node: Getline/Variable/File252613 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1254216 -Node: Getline/Pipe254304 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe257009 -Node: Getline/Coprocess258142 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess259407 -Node: Getline Notes260147 -Node: Getline Summary262942 -Ref: table-getline-variants263364 -Node: Read Timeout264112 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1268018 -Node: Retrying Input268076 -Node: Command-line directories269275 -Node: Input Summary270181 -Node: Input Exercises273353 -Node: Printing274081 -Node: Print275915 -Node: Print Examples277372 -Node: Output Separators280152 -Node: OFMT282169 -Node: Printf283525 -Node: Basic Printf284310 -Node: Control Letters285884 -Node: Format Modifiers289872 -Node: Printf Examples295887 -Node: Redirection298373 -Node: Special FD305214 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1308382 -Node: Special Files308456 -Node: Other Inherited Files309073 -Node: Special Network310074 -Node: Special Caveats310934 -Node: Close Files And Pipes311883 -Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values318790 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1319573 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2319721 -Node: Nonfatal319873 -Node: Output Summary322198 -Node: Output Exercises323420 -Node: Expressions324099 -Node: Values325287 -Node: Constants325965 -Node: Scalar Constants326656 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1327520 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers327770 -Node: Regexp Constants330783 -Node: Using Constant Regexps331309 -Node: Variables334472 -Node: Using Variables335129 -Node: Assignment Options337039 -Node: Conversion338912 -Node: Strings And Numbers339436 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1342499 -Node: Locale influences conversions342608 -Ref: table-locale-affects345366 -Node: All Operators345984 -Node: Arithmetic Ops346613 -Node: Concatenation349119 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1351966 -Node: Assignment Ops352073 -Ref: table-assign-ops357064 -Node: Increment Ops358377 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions361837 -Node: Truth Values362911 -Node: Typing and Comparison363959 -Node: Variable Typing364779 -Node: Comparison Operators368403 -Ref: table-relational-ops368822 -Node: POSIX String Comparison372317 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1374012 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2374151 -Node: Boolean Ops374235 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1378717 -Node: Conditional Exp378809 -Node: Function Calls380545 -Node: Precedence384422 -Node: Locales388081 -Node: Expressions Summary389713 -Node: Patterns and Actions392286 -Node: Pattern Overview393406 -Node: Regexp Patterns395083 -Node: Expression Patterns395625 -Node: Ranges399406 -Node: BEGIN/END402514 -Node: Using BEGIN/END403275 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1406011 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END406117 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE408431 -Node: Empty411338 -Node: Using Shell Variables411655 -Node: Action Overview413929 -Node: Statements416254 -Node: If 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Function630039 -Node: Ordinal Functions631055 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1634118 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2634370 -Node: Join Function634580 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1636350 -Node: Getlocaltime Function636550 -Node: Readfile Function640292 -Node: Shell Quoting642264 -Node: Data File Management643665 -Node: Filetrans Function644297 -Node: Rewind Function648393 -Node: File Checking650299 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1651633 -Node: Empty Files651834 -Node: Ignoring Assigns653813 -Node: Getopt Function655363 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1666832 -Node: Passwd Functions667032 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1675871 -Node: Group Functions675959 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1683856 -Node: Walking Arrays684063 -Node: Library Functions Summary687071 -Node: Library Exercises688477 -Node: Sample Programs688942 -Node: Running Examples689712 -Node: Clones690440 -Node: Cut Program691664 -Node: Egrep Program701593 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1709105 -Node: Id Program709215 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Definitions-Footnote-1908931 +Node: MPFR features909036 +Node: FP Math Caution910753 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1911825 +Node: Inexactness of computations912194 +Node: Inexact representation913154 +Node: Comparing FP Values914514 +Node: Errors accumulate915596 +Node: Getting Accuracy917029 +Node: Try To Round919739 +Node: Setting precision920638 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings921335 +Node: Setting the rounding mode923165 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes923539 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1926947 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers927126 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1932043 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems932192 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1936074 +Node: Floating point summary936112 +Node: Dynamic Extensions938302 +Node: Extension Intro939855 +Node: Plugin License941121 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline941918 +Ref: figure-load-extension942357 +Ref: figure-register-new-function943922 +Ref: figure-call-new-function945014 +Node: Extension API Description947076 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction948608 +Node: General Data Types953467 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1959422 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions959721 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1962566 +Node: Constructor Functions962665 +Node: Registration Functions964410 +Node: Extension Functions965095 +Node: Exit Callback Functions967718 +Node: Extension Version String968968 +Node: Input Parsers969631 +Node: Output Wrappers979513 +Node: Two-way processors984025 +Node: Printing Messages986290 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1987461 +Node: Updating ERRNO987614 +Node: Requesting Values988353 +Ref: table-value-types-returned989090 +Node: Accessing Parameters989973 +Node: Symbol Table Access991208 +Node: Symbol table by name991720 +Node: Symbol table by cookie993741 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1997893 +Node: Cached values997957 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11001464 +Node: Array Manipulation1001555 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11002646 +Node: Array Data Types1002683 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11005341 +Node: Array Functions1005433 +Node: Flattening Arrays1009291 +Node: Creating Arrays1016199 +Node: Redirection API1020968 +Node: Extension API Variables1023799 +Node: Extension Versioning1024432 +Ref: gawk-api-version1024869 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1026625 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1027689 +Node: Finding Extensions1031503 +Node: Extension Example1032062 +Node: Internal File Description1032860 +Node: Internal File Ops1036940 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11048702 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1048842 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11051225 +Node: Extension Samples1051499 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1053028 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1060677 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1062164 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1063382 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1066592 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1067428 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1068317 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1069122 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1069711 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1070451 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1072393 +Node: Extension Sample Time1073488 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1074836 +Node: gawkextlib1075328 +Node: Extension summary1077775 +Node: Extension Exercises1081477 +Node: Language History1082975 +Node: V7/SVR3.11084631 +Node: SVR41086783 +Node: POSIX1088217 +Node: BTL1089596 +Node: POSIX/GNU1090325 +Node: Feature History1096187 +Node: Common Extensions1110557 +Node: Ranges and Locales1111840 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11116456 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21116483 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31116718 +Node: Contributors1116939 +Node: History summary1122499 +Node: Installation1123879 +Node: Gawk Distribution1124823 +Node: Getting1125307 +Node: Extracting1126268 +Node: Distribution contents1127906 +Node: Unix Installation1134000 +Node: Quick Installation1134682 +Node: Shell Startup Files1137096 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1138174 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1139979 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1142348 +Node: PC Installation1142806 +Node: PC Binary Installation1144126 +Node: PC Compiling1145978 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11148772 +Node: PC Testing1148881 +Node: PC Using1150061 +Ref: PC Using-Footnote-11154214 +Node: Cygwin1154287 +Node: MSYS1155057 +Node: VMS Installation1155558 +Node: VMS Compilation1156349 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11157578 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1157636 +Node: VMS Installation Details1159321 +Node: VMS Running1161574 +Node: VMS GNV1165853 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1166588 +Node: Bugs1167059 +Node: Other Versions1171374 +Node: Installation summary1177958 +Node: Notes1179009 +Node: Compatibility Mode1179874 +Node: Additions1180656 +Node: Accessing The Source1181581 +Node: Adding Code1183016 +Node: New Ports1189235 +Node: Derived Files1193723 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11199208 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21199243 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31199841 +Node: Future Extensions1199955 +Node: Implementation Limitations1200613 +Node: Extension Design1201796 +Node: Old Extension Problems1202950 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11204468 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1204525 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11207889 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1208078 +Node: Extension Future Growth1210191 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1211027 +Node: Notes summary1212790 +Node: Basic Concepts1213972 +Node: Basic High Level1214653 +Ref: figure-general-flow1214935 +Ref: figure-process-flow1215620 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11218921 +Node: Basic Data Typing1219106 +Node: Glossary1222434 +Node: Copying1254381 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1291920 +Node: Index1317038 End Tag Table |