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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 889 |
1 files changed, 451 insertions, 438 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index a946b129..650044e6 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -7282,11 +7282,23 @@ there is a system problem closing the file or process. In these cases, 'gawk' sets the predefined variable 'ERRNO' to a string describing the problem. - In 'gawk', when closing a pipe or coprocess (input or output), the -return value is the exit status of the command.(2) Otherwise, it is the -return value from the system's 'close()' or 'fclose()' C functions when -closing input or output files, respectively. This value is zero if the -close succeeds, or -1 if it fails. + In 'gawk', starting with version 4.2, when closing a pipe or +coprocess (input or output), the return value is the exit status of the +command, as described in *note Table 5.1: +table-close-pipe-return-values.(2) Otherwise, it is the return value +from the system's 'close()' or 'fclose()' C functions when closing input +or output files, respectively. This value is zero if the close +succeeds, or -1 if it fails. + +Situation Return value from 'close()' +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Normal exit of command Command's exit status +Death by signal of command 256 + number of murderous signal +Death by signal of command 512 + number of murderous signal +with core dump +Some kind of error -1 + +Table 5.1: Return values from 'close()' of a pipe The POSIX standard is very vague; it says that 'close()' returns zero on success and a nonzero value otherwise. In general, different @@ -7300,9 +7312,9 @@ Options::), 'gawk' just returns zero when closing a pipe. is called a "zombie," and cleaning up after it is referred to as "reaping." - (2) This is a full 16-bit value as returned by the 'wait()' system -call. See the system manual pages for information on how to decode this -value. + (2) Prior to version 4.2, the return value from closing a pipe or +co-process was the full 16-bit exit value as defined by the 'wait()' +system call. File: gawk.info, Node: Nonfatal, Next: Output Summary, Prev: Close Files And Pipes, Up: Printing @@ -35432,435 +35444,436 @@ Node: Other Inherited Files311355 Node: Special Network312356 Node: Special Caveats313216 Node: Close Files And Pipes314165 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1321352 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2321500 -Node: Nonfatal321651 -Node: Output Summary323976 -Node: Output Exercises325198 -Node: Expressions325877 -Node: Values327065 -Node: Constants327743 -Node: Scalar Constants328434 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1329298 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers329548 -Node: Regexp Constants332561 -Node: Using Constant Regexps333087 -Node: Variables336250 -Node: Using Variables336907 -Node: Assignment Options338817 -Node: Conversion340690 -Node: Strings And Numbers341214 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1344277 -Node: Locale influences conversions344386 -Ref: table-locale-affects347144 -Node: All Operators347762 -Node: Arithmetic Ops348391 -Node: Concatenation350897 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1353744 -Node: Assignment Ops353851 -Ref: table-assign-ops358842 -Node: Increment Ops360155 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions363615 -Node: Truth Values364689 -Node: Typing and Comparison365737 -Node: Variable Typing366557 -Node: Comparison Operators370181 -Ref: table-relational-ops370600 -Node: POSIX String Comparison374095 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1375169 -Node: Boolean Ops375308 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1379790 -Node: Conditional Exp379882 -Node: Function Calls381618 -Node: Precedence385495 -Node: Locales389154 -Node: Expressions Summary390786 -Node: Patterns and Actions393359 -Node: Pattern Overview394479 -Node: Regexp Patterns396156 -Node: Expression Patterns396698 -Node: Ranges400479 -Node: BEGIN/END403587 -Node: Using BEGIN/END404348 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1407084 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END407190 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE409504 -Node: Empty412411 -Node: Using Shell Variables412728 -Node: Action Overview415002 -Node: Statements417327 -Node: If Statement419175 -Node: While Statement420670 -Node: Do Statement422698 -Node: For Statement423846 -Node: Switch Statement427004 -Node: Break Statement429390 -Node: Continue Statement431482 -Node: Next Statement433309 -Node: Nextfile Statement435692 -Node: Exit Statement438344 -Node: Built-in Variables440747 -Node: User-modified441880 -Node: Auto-set449466 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1464119 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2464325 -Node: ARGC and ARGV464381 -Node: Pattern Action Summary468594 -Node: Arrays471024 -Node: Array Basics472353 -Node: Array Intro473197 -Ref: figure-array-elements475172 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1477876 -Node: Reference to Elements478004 -Node: Assigning Elements480468 -Node: Array Example480959 -Node: Scanning an Array482718 -Node: Controlling Scanning485740 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1491139 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts491455 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts493639 -Node: Delete495258 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1498010 -Node: Multidimensional498067 -Node: Multiscanning501162 -Node: Arrays of Arrays502753 -Node: Arrays Summary507520 -Node: Functions509613 -Node: Built-in510651 -Node: Calling Built-in511732 -Node: Numeric Functions513728 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1518561 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2518918 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3518966 -Node: String Functions519238 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1542742 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2542870 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3543118 -Node: Gory Details543205 -Ref: table-sub-escapes544996 -Ref: table-sub-proposed546515 -Ref: table-posix-sub547878 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes549419 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1550242 -Node: I/O Functions550396 -Ref: table-system-return-values556978 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1558958 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2559106 -Node: Time Functions559226 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1569731 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2569799 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3569957 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4570068 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5570180 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6570407 -Node: Bitwise Functions570673 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops571267 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1575605 -Node: Type Functions575778 -Node: I18N Functions578439 -Node: User-defined580090 -Node: Definition Syntax580895 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1586582 -Node: Function Example586653 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1589575 -Node: Function Caveats589597 -Node: Calling A Function590115 -Node: Variable Scope591073 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference594067 -Node: Return Statement597566 -Node: Dynamic Typing600545 -Node: Indirect Calls601475 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1611726 -Node: Functions Summary611854 -Node: Library Functions614559 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1618166 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2618309 -Node: Library Names618480 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1621940 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2622163 -Node: General Functions622249 -Node: Strtonum Function623352 -Node: Assert Function626374 -Node: Round Function629700 -Node: Cliff Random Function631241 -Node: Ordinal Functions632257 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1635320 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2635572 -Node: Join Function635782 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1637552 -Node: Getlocaltime Function637752 -Node: Readfile Function641494 -Node: Shell Quoting643466 -Node: Data File Management644867 -Node: Filetrans Function645499 -Node: Rewind Function649595 -Node: File Checking651500 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1652834 -Node: Empty Files653035 -Node: Ignoring Assigns655014 -Node: Getopt Function656564 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1668033 -Node: Passwd Functions668233 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1677072 -Node: Group Functions677160 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1685057 -Node: Walking Arrays685264 -Node: Library Functions Summary688272 -Node: Library Exercises689678 -Node: Sample Programs690143 -Node: Running Examples690913 -Node: Clones691641 -Node: Cut Program692865 -Node: Egrep Program702794 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1710306 -Node: Id Program710416 -Node: Split Program714096 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1717555 -Node: Tee Program717684 -Node: Uniq Program720474 -Node: Wc Program727900 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1732155 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs732249 -Node: Dupword Program733462 -Node: Alarm Program735492 -Node: Translate Program740347 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1744912 -Node: Labels Program745182 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1748533 -Node: Word Sorting748617 -Node: History Sorting752689 -Node: Extract Program754524 -Node: Simple Sed762053 -Node: Igawk Program765127 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1779458 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2779660 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3779782 -Node: Anagram Program779897 -Node: Signature Program782959 -Node: Programs Summary784206 -Node: Programs Exercises785420 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1789549 -Node: Advanced Features789640 -Node: Nondecimal Data791630 -Node: Array Sorting793221 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal793921 -Ref: 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Debugging Concepts855312 -Node: Debugging Terms857121 -Node: Awk Debugging859696 -Node: Sample Debugging Session860602 -Node: Debugger Invocation861136 -Node: Finding The Bug862522 -Node: List of Debugger Commands869000 -Node: Breakpoint Control870333 -Node: Debugger Execution Control874027 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data877389 -Node: Execution Stack880763 -Node: Debugger Info882400 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands886471 -Node: Readline Support891559 -Node: Limitations892455 -Ref: Limitations-Footnote-1896686 -Node: Debugging Summary896737 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic898016 -Node: Computer Arithmetic899432 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges903023 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1903745 -Node: Math Definitions903802 -Ref: table-ieee-formats907116 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1907719 -Node: MPFR features907824 -Node: FP Math Caution909541 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1910613 -Node: Inexactness of computations910982 -Node: Inexact representation911942 -Node: Comparing FP 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Assignment Options339321 +Node: Conversion341194 +Node: Strings And Numbers341718 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1344781 +Node: Locale influences conversions344890 +Ref: table-locale-affects347648 +Node: All Operators348266 +Node: Arithmetic Ops348895 +Node: Concatenation351401 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1354248 +Node: Assignment Ops354355 +Ref: table-assign-ops359346 +Node: Increment Ops360659 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions364119 +Node: Truth Values365193 +Node: Typing and Comparison366241 +Node: Variable Typing367061 +Node: Comparison Operators370685 +Ref: table-relational-ops371104 +Node: POSIX String Comparison374599 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1375673 +Node: Boolean Ops375812 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1380294 +Node: Conditional Exp380386 +Node: Function Calls382122 +Node: Precedence385999 +Node: Locales389658 +Node: Expressions Summary391290 +Node: Patterns and Actions393863 +Node: Pattern Overview394983 +Node: Regexp Patterns396660 +Node: Expression 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Math Definitions904306 +Ref: table-ieee-formats907620 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1908223 +Node: MPFR features908328 +Node: FP Math Caution910045 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1911117 +Node: Inexactness of computations911486 +Node: Inexact representation912446 +Node: Comparing FP Values913806 +Node: Errors accumulate914888 +Node: Getting Accuracy916321 +Node: Try To Round919031 +Node: Setting precision919930 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings920627 +Node: Setting the rounding mode922457 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes922831 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1926239 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers926418 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1931335 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems931484 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1935366 +Node: Floating point summary935404 +Node: Dynamic Extensions937594 +Node: Extension Intro939147 +Node: Plugin License940413 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline941210 +Ref: figure-load-extension941649 +Ref: figure-register-new-function943214 +Ref: figure-call-new-function944306 +Node: Extension API Description946368 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction947900 +Node: General Data Types952759 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1958714 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions959013 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1961858 +Node: Constructor Functions961957 +Node: Registration Functions963702 +Node: Extension Functions964387 +Node: Exit Callback Functions967010 +Node: Extension Version String968260 +Node: Input Parsers968923 +Node: Output Wrappers978805 +Node: Two-way processors983317 +Node: Printing Messages985582 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1986753 +Node: Updating ERRNO986906 +Node: Requesting Values987645 +Ref: table-value-types-returned988382 +Node: Accessing Parameters989265 +Node: Symbol Table Access990500 +Node: Symbol table by name991012 +Node: Symbol table by cookie993033 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1997185 +Node: Cached values997249 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11000756 +Node: Array Manipulation1000847 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11001938 +Node: Array Data Types1001975 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11004633 +Node: Array Functions1004725 +Node: Flattening Arrays1008583 +Node: Creating Arrays1015491 +Node: Redirection API1020260 +Node: Extension API Variables1023091 +Node: Extension Versioning1023724 +Ref: gawk-api-version1024161 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1025917 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1026981 +Node: Finding Extensions1030795 +Node: Extension Example1031354 +Node: Internal File Description1032152 +Node: Internal File Ops1036232 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11047994 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1048134 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11050517 +Node: Extension Samples1050791 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1052320 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1059969 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1061456 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1062674 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1065884 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1066720 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1067609 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1068414 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1069003 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1069743 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1071685 +Node: Extension Sample Time1072780 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1074128 +Node: gawkextlib1074620 +Node: Extension summary1077067 +Node: Extension Exercises1080769 +Node: Language History1082266 +Node: V7/SVR3.11083922 +Node: SVR41086074 +Node: POSIX1087508 +Node: BTL1088887 +Node: POSIX/GNU1089616 +Node: Feature History1095478 +Node: Common Extensions1109848 +Node: Ranges and Locales1111131 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11115747 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21115774 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31116009 +Node: Contributors1116230 +Node: History summary1121799 +Node: Installation1123179 +Node: Gawk Distribution1124123 +Node: Getting1124607 +Node: Extracting1125568 +Node: Distribution contents1127206 +Node: Unix Installation1133300 +Node: Quick Installation1133982 +Node: Shell Startup Files1136396 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1137474 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1139279 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1141648 +Node: PC Installation1142106 +Node: PC Binary Installation1143426 +Node: PC Compiling1145278 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11148302 +Node: PC Testing1148411 +Node: PC Using1149591 +Node: Cygwin1153705 +Node: MSYS1154475 +Node: VMS Installation1154976 +Node: VMS Compilation1155767 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11156996 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1157054 +Node: VMS Installation Details1158739 +Node: VMS Running1160992 +Node: VMS GNV1165271 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1166006 +Node: Bugs1166477 +Node: Other Versions1170674 +Node: Installation summary1177258 +Node: Notes1178316 +Node: Compatibility Mode1179181 +Node: Additions1179963 +Node: Accessing The Source1180888 +Node: Adding Code1182323 +Node: New Ports1188542 +Node: Derived Files1193030 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11198515 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21198550 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31199148 +Node: Future Extensions1199262 +Node: Implementation Limitations1199920 +Node: Extension Design1201103 +Node: Old Extension Problems1202257 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11203775 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1203832 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11207196 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1207385 +Node: Extension Future Growth1209498 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1210334 +Node: Notes summary1212097 +Node: Basic Concepts1213279 +Node: Basic High Level1213960 +Ref: figure-general-flow1214242 +Ref: figure-process-flow1214927 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11218228 +Node: Basic Data Typing1218413 +Node: Glossary1221741 +Node: Copying1253687 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1291226 +Node: Index1316344 End Tag Table |