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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 576 |
1 files changed, 545 insertions, 31 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 99a3c693..09f30433 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -11914,7 +11914,7 @@ parameters are enclosed in square brackets ([ ]): `fflush([FILENAME])' Flush any buffered output associated with FILENAME, which is either a file opened for writing or a shell command for - redirecting output to a pipe or coprocess. (c.e.). + redirecting output to a pipe or coprocess. Many utility programs "buffer" their output; i.e., they save information to write to a disk file or the screen in memory until @@ -11927,30 +11927,31 @@ parameters are enclosed in square brackets ([ ]): function--`gawk' also buffers its output and the `fflush()' function forces `gawk' to flush its buffers. - `fflush()' was added to Brian Kernighan's version of `awk' in - 1994; it is not part of the POSIX standard and is not available if - `--posix' has been specified on the command line (*note Options::). + `fflush()' was added to Brian Kernighan's version of `awk' in 1994. + For over two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard. As + of December, 2012, it was accepted for inclusion into the POSIX + standard. See the Austin Group website + (http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=634). - `gawk' extends the `fflush()' function, as follows: If there is no - argument, or if the argument is the null string (`""'), `gawk' - flushes the buffers for _all_ open output files and pipes. Brian - Kernighan's `awk' also works this way. + POSIX standardizes `fflush()' as follows: If there is no argument, + or if the argument is the null string (`""'), then `awk' flushes + the buffers for _all_ open output files and pipes. - NOTE: Prior to version *FIXME: VERSION*, `gawk' would flush - only the standard output if there was no argument, and flush - all output files and pipes if the argument was the null - string. This was changed in order to be compatible with Brian + NOTE: Prior to version 4.0.2, `gawk' would flush only the + standard output if there was no argument, and flush all + output files and pipes if the argument was the null string. + This was changed in order to be compatible with Brian Kernighan's `awk', in the hope that standardizing this - feature in POSIX would then be easier. + feature in POSIX would then be easier (which indeed helped). - You can use `fflush("/dev/stdout")' if you wish to flush only - the standard output. + With `gawk', you can use `fflush("/dev/stdout")' if you wish + to flush only the standard output. `fflush()' returns zero if the buffer is successfully flushed; - otherwise, it returns -1. In the case where all buffers are - flushed, the return value is zero only if all buffers were flushed - successfully. Otherwise, it is -1, and `gawk' warns about the - problem FILENAME. + otherwise, it returns non-zero (`gawk' returns -1). In the case + where all buffers are flushed, the return value is zero only if + all buffers were flushed successfully. Otherwise, it is -1, and + `gawk' warns about the problem FILENAME. `gawk' also issues a warning message if you attempt to flush a file or pipe that was opened for reading (such as with `getline'), @@ -12027,7 +12028,7 @@ Advanced Notes: Controlling Output Buffering with `system()' The `fflush()' function provides explicit control over output buffering for individual files and pipes. However, its use is not portable to -many other `awk' implementations. An alternative method to flush output +many older `awk' implementations. An alternative method to flush output buffers is to call `system()' with a null string as its argument: system("") # flush output @@ -25004,7 +25005,8 @@ in his version of `awk'. Definition Syntax::). * The `fflush()' built-in function for flushing buffered output - (*note I/O Functions::). + (*note I/O Functions::). As of December 2012, this function is + now standardized by POSIX. *Note Common Extensions::, for a full list of the extensions @@ -25188,7 +25190,6 @@ Feature BWK Awk Mawk GNU Awk `nextfile' statement X X X `delete' without subscript X X X `length()' of an array X X -`fflush()' function X X X `BINMODE' variable X X @@ -29170,7 +29171,7 @@ Index * --re-interval option: Options. (line 272) * --sandbox option: Options. (line 279) * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions. - (line 93) + (line 94) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) * --sandbox option, output redirection with print, printf: Redirection. (line 6) @@ -29339,7 +29340,7 @@ Index * Ada programming language: Glossary. (line 20) * adding, features to gawk: Adding Code. (line 6) * adding, fields: Changing Fields. (line 53) -* advanced features, buffering: I/O Functions. (line 106) +* advanced features, buffering: I/O Functions. (line 107) * advanced features, close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 131) * advanced features, constants, values of: Nondecimal-numbers. @@ -29652,8 +29653,8 @@ Index * Buening, Andreas <2>: Contributors. (line 92) * Buening, Andreas: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * buffering, input/output <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 70) -* buffering, input/output: I/O Functions. (line 138) -* buffering, interactive vs. noninteractive: I/O Functions. (line 106) +* buffering, input/output: I/O Functions. (line 139) +* buffering, interactive vs. noninteractive: I/O Functions. (line 107) * buffers, flushing: I/O Functions. (line 29) * buffers, operators for: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 48) @@ -30450,7 +30451,6 @@ Index * gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 247) * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6) * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) -* gawk, fflush() function in: I/O Functions. (line 44) * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 77) * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 35) * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in: Constant Size. (line 22) @@ -30682,7 +30682,7 @@ Index (line 6) * integers: General Arithmetic. (line 6) * integers, unsigned: General Arithmetic. (line 15) -* interacting with other programs: I/O Functions. (line 71) +* interacting with other programs: I/O Functions. (line 72) * internationalization <1>: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * internationalization: I18N Functions. (line 6) * internationalization, localization <1>: Internationalization. @@ -31566,7 +31566,7 @@ Index * SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 254) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) -* system() function: I/O Functions. (line 71) +* system() function: I/O Functions. (line 72) * systime() function (gawk): Time Functions. (line 64) * t debugger command (alias for tbreak): Breakpoint Control. (line 90) * tbreak debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 90) @@ -31632,7 +31632,7 @@ Index (line 22) * troubleshooting, fatal errors, printf format strings: Format Modifiers. (line 159) -* troubleshooting, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 59) +* troubleshooting, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 60) * troubleshooting, function call syntax: Function Calls. (line 28) * troubleshooting, gawk: Compatibility Mode. (line 6) * troubleshooting, gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) @@ -31651,7 +31651,7 @@ Index (line 38) * troubleshooting, string concatenation: Concatenation. (line 27) * troubleshooting, substr() function: String Functions. (line 499) -* troubleshooting, system() function: I/O Functions. (line 93) +* troubleshooting, system() function: I/O Functions. (line 94) * troubleshooting, typographical errors, global variables: Options. (line 112) * true, logical: Truth Values. (line 6) @@ -31814,6 +31814,7 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1352 +<<<<<<< HEAD Node: Foreword40217 Node: Preface44562 Ref: Preface-Footnote-147615 @@ -32326,5 +32327,518 @@ Node: Glossary1097324 Node: Copying1122635 Node: GNU Free Documentation License1160192 Node: Index1185329 +======= +Node: Foreword40138 +Node: Preface44483 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-147536 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-247642 +Node: History47874 +Node: Names50265 +Ref: Names-Footnote-151742 +Node: This Manual51814 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-157720 +Node: Conventions57820 +Node: Manual History59954 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163224 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263265 +Node: How To Contribute63339 +Node: Acknowledgments64483 +Node: Getting Started68979 +Node: Running gawk71358 +Node: One-shot72544 +Node: Read Terminal73769 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175419 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-275695 +Node: Long75866 +Node: Executable Scripts77242 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179111 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279213 +Node: Comments79760 +Node: Quoting82227 +Node: DOS Quoting86850 +Node: Sample Data Files87525 +Node: Very Simple90557 +Node: Two Rules95156 +Node: More Complex97303 +Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100233 +Node: Statements/Lines100318 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1104780 +Node: Other Features105045 +Node: When105973 +Node: Invoking Gawk108120 +Node: Command Line109581 +Node: Options110364 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1125762 +Node: Other Arguments125787 +Node: Naming Standard Input128445 +Node: Environment Variables129539 +Node: AWKPATH Variable130097 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1132855 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable133115 +Node: Other Environment Variables133712 +Node: Exit Status136207 +Node: Include Files136882 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries140451 +Node: Obsolete141676 +Node: Undocumented142373 +Node: Regexp142616 +Node: Regexp Usage144005 +Node: Escape Sequences146031 +Node: Regexp Operators151794 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1159174 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2159321 +Node: Bracket Expressions159419 +Ref: table-char-classes161309 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators163832 +Node: Case-sensitivity167555 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1170523 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2170758 +Node: Leftmost Longest170866 +Node: Computed Regexps172067 +Node: Reading Files175477 +Node: Records177480 +Ref: Records-Footnote-1186404 +Node: Fields186441 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1189474 +Node: Nonconstant Fields189560 +Node: Changing Fields191762 +Node: Field Separators197743 +Node: Default Field Splitting200372 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting201489 +Node: Single Character Fields204831 +Node: Command Line Field Separator205890 +Node: Field Splitting Summary209331 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1212523 +Node: Constant Size212624 +Node: Splitting By Content217208 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1220934 +Node: Multiple Line220974 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1226821 +Node: Getline227000 +Node: Plain Getline229216 +Node: Getline/Variable231305 +Node: Getline/File232446 +Node: Getline/Variable/File233768 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1235367 +Node: Getline/Pipe235454 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe238014 +Node: Getline/Coprocess239121 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess240364 +Node: Getline Notes241078 +Node: Getline Summary243865 +Ref: table-getline-variants244273 +Node: Read Timeout245131 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1248876 +Node: Command line directories248933 +Node: Printing249563 +Node: Print251194 +Node: Print Examples252531 +Node: Output Separators255315 +Node: OFMT257075 +Node: Printf258433 +Node: Basic Printf259339 +Node: Control Letters260878 +Node: Format Modifiers264690 +Node: Printf Examples270699 +Node: Redirection273414 +Node: Special Files280398 +Node: Special FD280931 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1284556 +Node: Special Network284630 +Node: Special Caveats285480 +Node: Close Files And Pipes286276 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1293299 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2293447 +Node: Expressions293597 +Node: Values294729 +Node: Constants295405 +Node: Scalar Constants296085 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1296944 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers297126 +Node: Regexp Constants300185 +Node: Using Constant Regexps300660 +Node: Variables303715 +Node: Using Variables304370 +Node: Assignment Options306094 +Node: Conversion307966 +Ref: table-locale-affects313342 +Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1313966 +Node: All Operators314075 +Node: Arithmetic Ops314705 +Node: Concatenation317210 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1320003 +Node: Assignment Ops320123 +Ref: table-assign-ops325111 +Node: Increment Ops326519 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions329989 +Node: Truth Values331072 +Node: Typing and Comparison332121 +Node: Variable Typing332910 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1336807 +Node: Comparison Operators336929 +Ref: table-relational-ops337339 +Node: POSIX String Comparison340888 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1341844 +Node: Boolean Ops341982 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1346060 +Node: Conditional Exp346151 +Node: Function Calls347883 +Node: Precedence351477 +Node: Locales355146 +Node: Patterns and Actions356235 +Node: Pattern Overview357289 +Node: Regexp Patterns358958 +Node: Expression Patterns359501 +Node: Ranges363186 +Node: BEGIN/END366152 +Node: Using BEGIN/END366914 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1369645 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END369751 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE372033 +Node: Empty374937 +Node: Using Shell Variables375253 +Node: Action Overview377538 +Node: Statements379895 +Node: If Statement381749 +Node: While Statement383248 +Node: Do Statement385292 +Node: For Statement386448 +Node: Switch Statement389600 +Node: Break Statement391697 +Node: Continue Statement393687 +Node: Next Statement395480 +Node: Nextfile Statement397870 +Node: Exit Statement400511 +Node: Built-in Variables402927 +Node: User-modified404022 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1412377 +Node: Auto-set412439 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1424790 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2424995 +Node: ARGC and ARGV425051 +Node: Arrays428902 +Node: Array Basics430407 +Node: Array Intro431233 +Node: Reference to Elements435551 +Node: Assigning Elements437821 +Node: Array Example438312 +Node: Scanning an Array440044 +Node: Controlling Scanning442358 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1447291 +Node: Delete447607 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1450372 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts450429 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts452612 +Node: Multi-dimensional454240 +Node: Multi-scanning457334 +Node: Arrays of Arrays458925 +Node: Functions463570 +Node: Built-in464389 +Node: Calling Built-in465467 +Node: Numeric Functions467455 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1471287 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2471644 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3471692 +Node: String Functions471961 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1495458 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2495587 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3495835 +Node: Gory Details495922 +Ref: table-sub-escapes497601 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92498955 +Ref: table-sub-proposed500306 +Ref: table-posix-sub501660 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes503205 +Ref: 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+Node: General Data Types885517 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1891119 +Node: Requesting Values891418 +Ref: table-value-types-returned892149 +Node: Constructor Functions893103 +Node: Registration Functions896099 +Node: Extension Functions896784 +Node: Exit Callback Functions898616 +Node: Extension Version String899859 +Node: Input Parsers900509 +Node: Output Wrappers909096 +Node: Two-way processors913512 +Node: Printing Messages915642 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1916719 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'916871 +Node: Accessing Parameters917610 +Node: Symbol Table Access918840 +Node: Symbol table by name919352 +Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-1921522 +Node: Symbol table by cookie921602 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1925731 +Node: Cached values925794 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1929237 +Node: Array Manipulation929328 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1930426 +Node: Array Data Types930465 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1933168 +Node: Array Functions933260 +Node: Flattening 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Gawk1055521 +Node: Bugs1055995 +Node: Other Versions1059847 +Node: Notes1065162 +Node: Compatibility Mode1065821 +Node: Additions1066604 +Node: Accessing The Source1067531 +Node: Adding Code1069134 +Node: New Ports1075176 +Node: Derived Files1079311 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11084619 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21084653 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31085253 +Node: Future Extensions1085351 +Node: Implementation Limitations1085932 +Node: Basic Concepts1087159 +Node: Basic High Level1087840 +Ref: figure-general-flow1088111 +Ref: figure-process-flow1088710 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11091939 +Node: Basic Data Typing1092124 +Node: Glossary1095479 +Node: Copying1120790 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1158347 +Node: Index1183484 +>>>>>>> master End Tag Table |