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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1256 |
1 files changed, 653 insertions, 603 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index e501b297..02b59b92 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". `getline'. * Getline Summary:: Summary of `getline' Variants. * Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout. +* Retrying I/O:: Retrying I/O after certain errors. * Command-line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on the command line. * Input Summary:: Input summary. @@ -4168,6 +4169,7 @@ have to be named on the `awk' command line (*note Getline::). * Getline:: Reading files under explicit program control using the `getline' function. * Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout. +* Retrying I/O:: Retrying I/O after certain errors. * Command-line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on the command line. * Input Summary:: Input summary. @@ -5439,7 +5441,11 @@ how `awk' works. encounters the end of the file. If there is some error in getting a record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then `getline' returns -1. In this case, `gawk' sets the variable `ERRNO' to a string -describing the error that occurred. +describing the error that occurred. If the `errno' variable indicates +that the I/O operation may be retried, and `PROCINFO["input", "RETRY"]' +is set, then -2 will be returned instead of -1, and further calls to +`getline' may be attemped. *Note Retrying I/O::, for further +information about this feature. In the following examples, COMMAND stands for a string value that represents a shell command. @@ -5876,7 +5882,7 @@ VAR Table 4.1: `getline' variants and what they set -File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Command-line directories, Prev: Getline, Up: Reading Files +File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Retrying I/O, Prev: Getline, Up: Reading Files 4.10 Reading Input with a Timeout ================================= @@ -5955,7 +5961,8 @@ a per command or connection basis. `gawk' considers a timeout event to be an error even though the attempt to read from the underlying device may succeed in a later attempt. This is a limitation, and it also means that you cannot use -this to multiplex input from two or more sources. +this to multiplex input from two or more sources. *Note Retrying +I/O::, for a way to enable later I/O attempts to succeed. Assigning a timeout value prevents read operations from blocking indefinitely. But bear in mind that there are other ways `gawk' can @@ -5970,9 +5977,36 @@ writing. (1) This assumes that standard input is the keyboard. -File: gawk.info, Node: Command-line directories, Next: Input Summary, Prev: Read Timeout, Up: Reading Files +File: gawk.info, Node: Retrying I/O, Next: Command-line directories, Prev: Read Timeout, Up: Reading Files -4.11 Directories on the Command Line +4.11 Retrying I/O on Certain Input Errors +========================================= + +This minor node describes a feature that is specific to `gawk'. + + When `gawk' encounters an error while reading input, it will by +default return -1 from getline, and subsequent attempts to read from +that file will result in an end-of-file indication. However, you may +optionally instruct `gawk' to allow I/O to be retried when certain +errors are encountered by setting setting a special element in the +`PROCINFO' array (*note Auto-set::): + + PROCINFO["input_name", "RETRY"] + + When set, this causes `gawk' to check the value of the system +`errno' variable when an I/O error occurs. If `errno' indicates a +subsequent I/O attempt may succeed, `getline' will instead return -2 and +further calls to `getline' may succeed. This applies to `errno' values +EAGAIN, EWOULDBLOCK, EINTR, or ETIMEDOUT. + + This feature is useful in conjunction with `PROCINFO["input_name", +"READ_TIMEOUT"]' or situations where a file descriptor has been +configured to behave in a non-blocking fashion. + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Command-line directories, Next: Input Summary, Prev: Retrying I/O, Up: Reading Files + +4.12 Directories on the Command Line ==================================== According to the POSIX standard, files named on the `awk' command line @@ -5995,7 +6029,7 @@ usable data from an `awk' program. File: gawk.info, Node: Input Summary, Next: Input Exercises, Prev: Command-line directories, Up: Reading Files -4.12 Summary +4.13 Summary ============ * Input is split into records based on the value of `RS'. The @@ -6068,7 +6102,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Input Summary, Next: Input Exercises, Prev: Command-li File: gawk.info, Node: Input Exercises, Prev: Input Summary, Up: Reading Files -4.13 Exercises +4.14 Exercises ============== 1. Using the `FIELDWIDTHS' variable (*note Constant Size::), write a @@ -10363,6 +10397,11 @@ Options::), they are not special: `getline' returning -1. You are, of course, free to clear it yourself before doing an I/O operation. + If the value of `ERRNO' corresponds to a system error in the C + `errno' variable, then `PROCINFO["errno"]' will be set to the value + of `errno'. For non-system errors, `PROCINFO["errno"]' will be + zero. + `FILENAME' The name of the current input file. When no data files are listed on the command line, `awk' reads from the standard input and @@ -10411,6 +10450,10 @@ Options::), they are not special: `PROCINFO["egid"]' The value of the `getegid()' system call. + `PROCINFO["errno"]' + The value of the C `errno' variable when `ERRNO' is set to + the associated error message. + `PROCINFO["euid"]' The value of the `geteuid()' system call. @@ -10521,6 +10564,10 @@ Options::), they are not special: open input file, pipe, or coprocess. *Note Read Timeout::, for more information. + * It may be used to indicate that I/O may be retried when it + fails due to certain errors. *Note Retrying I/O::, for more + information. + * It may be used to cause coprocesses to communicate over pseudo-ttys instead of through two-way pipes; this is discussed further in *note Two-way I/O::. @@ -32246,9 +32293,9 @@ Index (line 143) * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Full Line Fields. (line 22) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 328) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 341) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -32442,7 +32489,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 37) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 130) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 135) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -32465,7 +32512,7 @@ Index (line 263) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 149) * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records. (line 125) @@ -32473,9 +32520,10 @@ Index (line 43) * differences in awk and gawk, regular expressions: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) +* differences in awk and gawk, retrying I/O: Retrying I/O. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 279) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 292) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -32483,7 +32531,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 77) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 283) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 296) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 151) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -32524,8 +32572,8 @@ Index * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) -* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 149) -* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 153) +* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 154) +* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 162) * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6) * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54) @@ -32640,7 +32688,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 246) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 255) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -32721,7 +32769,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 48) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -32789,9 +32837,9 @@ Index * flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 114) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 341) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -32841,7 +32889,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 61) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 130) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 135) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect, @-notation for: Indirect Calls. (line 47) @@ -32891,7 +32939,7 @@ Index * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) * gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 221) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 230) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21) @@ -32926,7 +32974,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 25) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 130) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 135) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -32958,7 +33006,7 @@ Index * gawk, predefined variables and: Built-in Variables. (line 14) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 144) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 149) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -32966,14 +33014,14 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 292) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 125) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 283) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 296) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 151) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) @@ -33065,7 +33113,7 @@ Index * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) -* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 194) +* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 203) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 140) * gsub: Using Constant Regexps. @@ -33360,7 +33408,7 @@ Index * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) * mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 120) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 235) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 244) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 177) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) @@ -33373,7 +33421,7 @@ Index * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) * metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 139) -* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 238) +* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 247) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -33422,7 +33470,7 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 124) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -33431,9 +33479,9 @@ Index * non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements. (line 23) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 139) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 144) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 341) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -33547,7 +33595,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 203) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 212) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33713,24 +33761,24 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 197) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 200) +* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 206) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 209) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) +* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 149) * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15) * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions. (line 154) -* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 256) +* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 265) * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 178) -* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 162) +* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 171) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) @@ -33865,6 +33913,7 @@ Index * relational operators, See comparison operators: Typing and Comparison. (line 9) * replace in string: String Functions. (line 408) +* retrying I/O: Retrying I/O. (line 6) * return debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 54) * return statement, user-defined functions: Return Statement. (line 6) @@ -33888,7 +33937,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 266) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 279) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -33914,9 +33963,9 @@ Index * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 272) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 285) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 292) * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 125) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15) @@ -33936,7 +33985,7 @@ Index * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133) -* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 311) +* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 324) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -34019,7 +34068,7 @@ Index (line 106) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields. (line 14) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 326) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 339) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 138) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. @@ -34181,9 +34230,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 481) * substring: String Functions. (line 481) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 68) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 251) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 260) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 283) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 296) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system: I/O Functions. (line 106) @@ -34360,10 +34409,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 221) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 246) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 232) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 228) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 230) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 255) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 241) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 237) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9) @@ -34453,560 +34502,561 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1204 -Node: Foreword342225 -Node: Foreword446667 -Node: Preface48189 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-151060 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-251167 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-351400 -Node: History51542 -Node: Names53888 -Ref: Names-Footnote-154982 -Node: This Manual55128 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161615 -Node: Conventions61715 -Node: Manual History64053 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-167035 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-267076 -Node: How To Contribute67150 -Node: Acknowledgments68279 -Node: Getting Started73084 -Node: Running gawk75517 -Node: One-shot76707 -Node: Read Terminal77955 -Node: Long79982 -Node: Executable Scripts81498 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184287 -Node: Comments84390 -Node: Quoting86872 -Node: DOS Quoting92396 -Node: Sample Data Files93071 -Node: Very Simple95666 -Node: Two Rules100564 -Node: More Complex102450 -Node: Statements/Lines105312 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109767 -Node: Other Features110032 -Node: When110963 -Ref: When-Footnote-1112717 -Node: Intro Summary112782 -Node: Invoking Gawk113665 -Node: Command Line115179 -Node: Options115977 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1131781 -Ref: Options-Footnote-2132010 -Node: Other Arguments132035 -Node: Naming Standard Input134983 -Node: Environment Variables136076 -Node: AWKPATH Variable136634 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140047 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140092 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140352 -Node: Other Environment Variables141608 -Node: Exit Status145096 -Node: Include Files145772 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries149369 -Node: Obsolete150796 -Node: Undocumented151493 -Node: Invoking Summary151760 -Node: Regexp153424 -Node: Regexp Usage154878 -Node: Escape Sequences156915 -Node: Regexp Operators163156 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170582 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170729 -Node: Bracket Expressions170827 -Ref: table-char-classes172842 -Node: Leftmost Longest175766 -Node: Computed Regexps177068 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators180465 -Node: Case-sensitivity184138 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1187023 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187258 -Node: Regexp Summary187366 -Node: Reading Files188833 -Node: Records190927 -Node: awk split records191660 -Node: gawk split records196575 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201119 -Node: Fields201156 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203932 -Node: Nonconstant Fields204018 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206261 -Node: Changing Fields206465 -Node: Field Separators212394 -Node: Default Field Splitting215099 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting216216 -Node: Single Character Fields219566 -Node: Command Line Field Separator220625 -Node: Full Line Fields223837 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225354 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225400 -Node: Field Splitting Summary225501 -Node: Constant Size227575 -Node: Splitting By Content232164 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236158 -Node: Multiple Line236321 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242207 -Node: Getline242386 -Node: Plain Getline244598 -Node: Getline/Variable247238 -Node: Getline/File248386 -Node: Getline/Variable/File249770 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251373 -Node: Getline/Pipe251460 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254143 -Node: Getline/Coprocess255274 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256526 -Node: Getline Notes257265 -Node: Getline Summary260057 -Ref: table-getline-variants260469 -Node: Read Timeout261298 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265123 -Node: Command-line directories265181 -Node: Input Summary266086 -Node: Input Exercises269387 -Node: Printing270115 -Node: Print271892 -Node: Print Examples273349 -Node: Output Separators276128 -Node: OFMT278146 -Node: Printf279500 -Node: Basic Printf280285 -Node: Control Letters281855 -Node: Format Modifiers285838 -Node: Printf Examples291847 -Node: Redirection294333 -Node: Special FD301174 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304334 -Node: Special Files304408 -Node: Other Inherited Files305025 -Node: Special Network306025 -Node: Special Caveats306887 -Node: Close Files And Pipes307838 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1315020 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315168 -Node: Output Summary315318 -Node: Output Exercises316316 -Node: Expressions316996 -Node: Values318181 -Node: Constants318859 -Node: Scalar Constants319550 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320409 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers320659 -Node: Regexp Constants323677 -Node: Using Constant Regexps324202 -Node: Variables327345 -Node: Using Variables328000 -Node: Assignment Options329911 -Node: Conversion331786 -Node: Strings And Numbers332310 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335375 -Node: Locale influences conversions335484 -Ref: table-locale-affects338231 -Node: All Operators338819 -Node: Arithmetic Ops339449 -Node: Concatenation341954 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344773 -Node: Assignment Ops344879 -Ref: table-assign-ops349858 -Node: Increment Ops351130 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions354568 -Node: Truth Values355653 -Node: Typing and Comparison356702 -Node: Variable Typing357512 -Node: Comparison Operators361165 -Ref: table-relational-ops361575 -Node: POSIX String Comparison365070 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366142 -Node: Boolean Ops366280 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370759 -Node: Conditional Exp370850 -Node: Function Calls372577 -Node: Precedence376457 -Node: Locales380118 -Node: Expressions Summary381750 -Node: Patterns and Actions384310 -Node: Pattern Overview385430 -Node: Regexp Patterns387109 -Node: Expression Patterns387652 -Node: Ranges391362 -Node: BEGIN/END394468 -Node: Using BEGIN/END395229 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397963 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END398069 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400383 -Node: Empty403284 -Node: Using Shell Variables403601 -Node: Action Overview405874 -Node: Statements408200 -Node: If Statement410048 -Node: While Statement411543 -Node: Do Statement413572 -Node: For Statement414716 -Node: Switch Statement417873 -Node: Break Statement420255 -Node: Continue Statement422296 -Node: Next Statement424123 -Node: Nextfile Statement426504 -Node: 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summary1091999 -Node: Installation1093369 -Node: Gawk Distribution1094315 -Node: Getting1094799 -Node: Extracting1095622 -Node: Distribution contents1097257 -Node: Unix Installation1103322 -Node: Quick Installation1104005 -Node: Shell Startup Files1106416 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1107495 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1109234 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1111603 -Node: PC Installation1112061 -Node: PC Binary Installation1113380 -Node: PC Compiling1115228 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11118249 -Node: PC Testing1118358 -Node: PC Using1119534 -Node: Cygwin1123649 -Node: MSYS1124472 -Node: VMS Installation1124972 -Node: VMS Compilation1125764 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11126986 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1127044 -Node: VMS Installation Details1128728 -Node: VMS Running1130980 -Node: VMS GNV1133816 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1134550 -Node: Bugs1135020 -Node: Other Versions1138903 -Node: Installation summary1145331 -Node: Notes1146387 -Node: Compatibility Mode1147252 -Node: 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Foreword342300 +Node: Foreword446742 +Node: Preface48264 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-151135 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-251242 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-351475 +Node: History51617 +Node: Names53963 +Ref: Names-Footnote-155057 +Node: This Manual55203 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161690 +Node: Conventions61790 +Node: Manual History64128 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-167110 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-267151 +Node: How To Contribute67225 +Node: Acknowledgments68354 +Node: Getting Started73159 +Node: Running gawk75592 +Node: One-shot76782 +Node: Read Terminal78030 +Node: Long80057 +Node: Executable Scripts81573 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184362 +Node: Comments84465 +Node: Quoting86947 +Node: DOS Quoting92471 +Node: Sample Data Files93146 +Node: Very Simple95741 +Node: Two Rules100639 +Node: More Complex102525 +Node: Statements/Lines105387 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109842 +Node: Other Features110107 +Node: When111038 +Ref: When-Footnote-1112792 +Node: Intro Summary112857 +Node: Invoking 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+Node: I18N and L10N813876 +Node: Explaining gettext814562 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1819587 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2819771 +Node: Programmer i18n819936 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1824802 +Node: Translator i18n824851 +Node: String Extraction825645 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1826776 +Node: Printf Ordering826862 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1829648 +Node: I18N Portability829712 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1832167 +Node: I18N Example832230 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1835033 +Node: Gawk I18N835105 +Node: I18N Summary835743 +Node: Debugger837082 +Node: Debugging838104 +Node: Debugging Concepts838545 +Node: Debugging Terms840398 +Node: Awk Debugging842970 +Node: Sample Debugging Session843864 +Node: Debugger Invocation844384 +Node: Finding The Bug845768 +Node: List of Debugger Commands852243 +Node: Breakpoint Control853576 +Node: Debugger Execution Control857272 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data860636 +Node: Execution Stack864014 +Node: Debugger Info865651 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands869668 +Node: Readline Support874697 +Node: Limitations875589 +Node: Debugging Summary877703 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic878871 +Node: Computer Arithmetic880287 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges883885 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1884744 +Node: Math Definitions884801 +Ref: table-ieee-formats888089 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1888693 +Node: MPFR features888798 +Node: FP Math Caution890469 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1891519 +Node: Inexactness of computations891888 +Node: Inexact representation892847 +Node: Comparing FP Values894204 +Node: Errors accumulate895286 +Node: Getting Accuracy896719 +Node: Try To Round899381 +Node: Setting precision900280 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings900964 +Node: Setting the rounding mode902753 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes903117 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1906572 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers906751 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1911650 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems911799 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1915672 +Node: Floating point summary915710 +Node: Dynamic Extensions917904 +Node: Extension Intro919456 +Node: Plugin License920722 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline921519 +Ref: figure-load-extension921947 +Ref: figure-register-new-function923427 +Ref: figure-call-new-function924431 +Node: Extension API Description926417 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction927867 +Node: General Data Types932691 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1938430 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions938729 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1941568 +Node: Constructor Functions941664 +Node: Registration Functions943398 +Node: Extension Functions944083 +Node: Exit Callback Functions946380 +Node: Extension Version String947628 +Node: Input Parsers948293 +Node: Output Wrappers958172 +Node: Two-way processors962687 +Node: Printing Messages964891 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1965967 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'966119 +Node: Requesting Values966859 +Ref: table-value-types-returned967587 +Node: Accessing Parameters968544 +Node: Symbol Table Access969775 +Node: Symbol table by name970289 +Node: Symbol table by cookie972270 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1976414 +Node: Cached values976477 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1979976 +Node: Array Manipulation980067 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1981165 +Node: Array Data Types981202 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1983857 +Node: Array Functions983949 +Node: Flattening Arrays987803 +Node: Creating Arrays994695 +Node: Extension API Variables999466 +Node: Extension Versioning1000102 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1002003 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1003068 +Node: Finding Extensions1006877 +Node: Extension Example1007437 +Node: Internal File Description1008209 +Node: Internal File Ops1012276 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11023946 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1024086 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11026469 +Node: Extension Samples1026742 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1028268 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1035906 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1037397 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1038612 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1040287 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1041123 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1041999 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1042810 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1043400 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1044140 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1046080 +Node: Extension Sample Time1047175 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1048524 +Node: gawkextlib1049015 +Node: Extension summary1051673 +Node: Extension Exercises1055362 +Node: Language History1056084 +Node: V7/SVR3.11057740 +Node: SVR41059921 +Node: POSIX1061366 +Node: BTL1062755 +Node: POSIX/GNU1063489 +Node: Feature History1069113 +Node: Common Extensions1082211 +Node: Ranges and Locales1083535 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11088153 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21088180 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31088414 +Node: Contributors1088635 +Node: History summary1094176 +Node: Installation1095546 +Node: Gawk Distribution1096492 +Node: Getting1096976 +Node: Extracting1097799 +Node: Distribution contents1099434 +Node: Unix Installation1105499 +Node: Quick Installation1106182 +Node: Shell Startup Files1108593 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1109672 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1111411 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1113780 +Node: PC Installation1114238 +Node: PC Binary Installation1115557 +Node: PC Compiling1117405 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11120426 +Node: PC Testing1120535 +Node: PC Using1121711 +Node: Cygwin1125826 +Node: MSYS1126649 +Node: VMS Installation1127149 +Node: VMS Compilation1127941 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11129163 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1129221 +Node: VMS Installation Details1130905 +Node: VMS Running1133157 +Node: VMS GNV1135993 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1136727 +Node: Bugs1137197 +Node: Other Versions1141080 +Node: Installation summary1147508 +Node: Notes1148564 +Node: Compatibility Mode1149429 +Node: Additions1150211 +Node: Accessing The Source1151136 +Node: Adding Code1152572 +Node: New Ports1158737 +Node: Derived Files1163219 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11168694 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21168728 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31169324 +Node: Future Extensions1169438 +Node: Implementation Limitations1170044 +Node: Extension Design1171292 +Node: Old Extension Problems1172446 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11173963 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1174020 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11177380 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1177569 +Node: Extension Future Growth1179677 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1180513 +Node: Notes summary1182275 +Node: Basic Concepts1183461 +Node: Basic High Level1184142 +Ref: figure-general-flow1184414 +Ref: figure-process-flow1185013 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11188242 +Node: Basic Data Typing1188427 +Node: Glossary1191755 +Node: Copying1216913 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1254469 +Node: Index1279605 End Tag Table |