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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1024 |
1 files changed, 515 insertions, 509 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index f0318e20..6b107344 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -5451,11 +5451,11 @@ how `awk' works. encounters the end of the file. If there is some error in getting a record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then `getline' returns -1. In this case, `gawk' sets the variable `ERRNO' to a string -describing the error that occurred. If the `errno' variable indicates -that the I/O operation may be retried, and `PROCINFO["input", "RETRY"]' -is set, then -2 will be returned instead of -1, and further calls to -`getline' may be attemped. *Note Retrying Input::, for further -information about this feature. +describing the error that occurred. If `ERRNO' indicates that the I/O +operation may be retried, and `PROCINFO["input", "RETRY"]' is set, then +-2 will be returned instead of -1, and further calls to `getline' may +be attemped. *Note Retrying Input::, for further information about +this feature. In the following examples, COMMAND stands for a string value that represents a shell command. @@ -5995,22 +5995,22 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Retrying Input, Next: Command-line directories, Prev: This minor node describes a feature that is specific to `gawk'. - When `gawk' encounters an error while reading input, it will by -default return -1 from getline, and subsequent attempts to read from -that file will result in an end-of-file indication. However, you may -optionally instruct `gawk' to allow I/O to be retried when certain -errors are encountered by setting setting a special element in the -`PROCINFO' array (*note Auto-set::): + When `gawk' encounters an error while reading input, by default +`getline' returns -1, and subsequent attempts to read from that file +result in an end-of-file indication. However, you may optionally +instruct `gawk' to allow I/O to be retried when certain errors are +encountered by setting setting a special element in the `PROCINFO' +array (*note Auto-set::): - PROCINFO["input_name", "RETRY"] + PROCINFO["INPUT_NAME", "RETRY"] = 1 - When set, this causes `gawk' to check the value of the system + When this element exists, `gawk' checks the value of the system `errno' variable when an I/O error occurs. If `errno' indicates a -subsequent I/O attempt may succeed, `getline' will instead return -2 and +subsequent I/O attempt may succeed, `getline' instead returns -2 and further calls to `getline' may succeed. This applies to `errno' values -EAGAIN, EWOULDBLOCK, EINTR, or ETIMEDOUT. +`EAGAIN', `EWOULDBLOCK', `EINTR', or `ETIMEDOUT'. - This feature is useful in conjunction with `PROCINFO["input_name", + This feature is useful in conjunction with `PROCINFO["INPUT_NAME", "READ_TIMEOUT"]' or situations where a file descriptor has been configured to behave in a non-blocking fashion. @@ -24796,49 +24796,55 @@ redirections. ` const awk_input_buf_t **ibufp,' ` const awk_output_buf_t **obufp);' Look up a file in `gawk''s internal redirection table. If `name' - is NULL or `name_len' is 0, it returns data for the currently open - input file corresponding to `FILENAME' (and it will not access the - `filetype' argument, so that may be undefined). If the file is - not already open, it tries to open it. The `filetype' argument - must be NUL-terminated and should be one of: - `>' + is `NULL' or `name_len' is zero, return data for the currently + open input file corresponding to `FILENAME'. (This does not + access the `filetype' argument, so that may be undefined). If the + file is not already open, attempt to open it. The `filetype' + argument must be zero-terminated and should be one of: + + `">"' A file opened for output. - `>>' + `">>"' A file opened for append. - `<' + `"<"' A file opened for input. - `|>' + `"|>"' A pipe opened for output. - `|<' + `"|<"' A pipe opened for input. - `|&' + `"|&"' A two-way coprocess. - On error, a `false' value is returned. Otherwise, the return - status is `true', and additional information about the redirection - is returned in the `ibufp' and `obufp' pointers. For input - redirections, the `*ibufp' value should be non-NULL, and `*obufp' - should be NULL. For output redirections, the `*obufp' value - should be non-NULL, and `*ibufp' should be NULL. For two-way - coprocesses, both values should be non-NULL. In the usual case, - the extension is interested in `(*ibufp)->fd' and/or - `fileno((*obufp)->fp)'. If the file is not already open, and the - fd argument is non-negative, `gawk' will use that file descriptor - instead of opening the file in the usual way. If the fd is - non-negative, but the file exists already, `gawk' ignores the fd + + On error, return a `false' value. Otherwise, return `true', and + return additional information about the redirection in the `ibufp' + and `obufp' pointers. For input redirections, the `*ibufp' value + should be non-`NULL', and `*obufp' should be `NULL'. For output + redirections, the `*obufp' value should be non-`NULL', and `*ibufp' + should be `NULL'. For two-way coprocesses, both values should be + non-`NULL'. + + In the usual case, the extension is interested in `(*ibufp)->fd' + and/or `fileno((*obufp)->fp)'. If the file is not already open, + and the `fd' argument is non-negative, `gawk' will use that file + descriptor instead of opening the file in the usual way. If `fd' + is non-negative, but the file exists already, `gawk' ignores `fd' and returns the existing file. It is the caller's responsibility - to notice that neither the fd in the returned `awk_input_buf_t' - nor the fd in the returned `awk_output_buf_t' matches the - requested value. Note that supplying a file descriptor is - currently NOT supported for pipes. It should work for input, - output, append, and two-way (coprocess) sockets. If `filetype' is - two-way, we assume that it is a socket! Note that in the two-way - case, the input and output file descriptors may differ. To check - for success, one must check whether either matches. + to notice that neither the `fd' in the returned `awk_input_buf_t' + nor the `fd' in the returned `awk_output_buf_t' matches the + requested value. + + Note that supplying a file descriptor is currently _not_ supported + for pipes. However, supplying a file descriptor should work for + input, output, append, and two-way (coprocess) sockets. If + `filetype' is two-way, `gawk' assumes that it is a socket! Note + that in the two-way case, the input and output file descriptors + may differ. To check for success, you must check whether either + matches. It is anticipated that this API function will be used to implement I/O multiplexing and a socket library. @@ -34975,467 +34981,467 @@ Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236687 Node: Multiple Line236850 Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242731 Node: Getline242910 -Node: Plain Getline245389 -Node: Getline/Variable248029 -Node: Getline/File249178 -Node: Getline/Variable/File250563 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1252166 -Node: Getline/Pipe252253 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254931 -Node: Getline/Coprocess256062 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess257326 -Node: Getline Notes258065 -Node: Getline Summary260859 -Ref: table-getline-variants261271 -Node: Read Timeout262100 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1266003 -Node: Retrying Input266061 -Node: Command-line directories267256 -Node: Input Summary268163 -Node: Input Exercises271548 -Node: Printing272276 -Node: Print274111 -Node: Print Examples275568 -Node: Output Separators278347 -Node: OFMT280365 -Node: Printf281720 -Node: Basic Printf282505 -Node: Control Letters284077 -Node: Format Modifiers288062 -Node: Printf Examples294068 -Node: Redirection296554 -Node: Special FD303392 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1306558 -Node: Special Files306632 -Node: Other Inherited Files307249 -Node: Special Network308249 -Node: Special Caveats309111 -Node: Close Files And Pipes310060 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1317245 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2317393 -Node: Nonfatal317543 -Node: Output Summary319868 -Node: Output Exercises321089 -Node: Expressions321769 -Node: Values322958 -Node: Constants323635 -Node: Scalar Constants324326 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1325188 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers325438 -Node: Regexp Constants328448 -Node: Using Constant Regexps328974 -Node: Variables332137 -Node: Using Variables332794 -Node: Assignment Options334705 -Node: Conversion336580 -Node: Strings And Numbers337104 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1340169 -Node: Locale influences conversions340278 -Ref: table-locale-affects343024 -Node: All Operators343616 -Node: Arithmetic Ops344245 -Node: Concatenation346750 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1349569 -Node: Assignment Ops349676 -Ref: table-assign-ops354655 -Node: Increment Ops355965 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions359396 -Node: Truth Values360479 -Node: Typing and Comparison361528 -Node: Variable Typing362344 -Node: Comparison Operators366011 -Ref: table-relational-ops366421 -Node: POSIX String Comparison369916 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1370988 -Node: Boolean Ops371127 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1375605 -Node: Conditional Exp375696 -Node: Function Calls377434 -Node: Precedence381314 -Node: Locales384974 -Node: Expressions Summary386606 -Node: Patterns and Actions389177 -Node: Pattern Overview390297 -Node: Regexp Patterns391976 -Node: Expression Patterns392519 -Node: Ranges396299 -Node: BEGIN/END399406 -Node: Using BEGIN/END400167 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1402903 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END403009 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE405324 -Node: Empty408221 -Node: Using Shell Variables408538 -Node: Action Overview410811 -Node: Statements413137 -Node: If Statement414985 -Node: While Statement416480 -Node: Do Statement418508 -Node: For Statement419656 -Node: Switch Statement422814 -Node: Break Statement425196 -Node: Continue Statement427289 -Node: Next Statement429116 -Node: Nextfile Statement431497 -Node: Exit Statement434125 -Node: Built-in Variables436536 -Node: User-modified437669 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1445303 -Node: Auto-set445365 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1459598 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2459803 -Node: ARGC and ARGV459859 -Node: Pattern Action Summary464077 -Node: Arrays466510 -Node: Array Basics467839 -Node: Array Intro468683 -Ref: figure-array-elements470620 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1473243 -Node: Reference to Elements473371 -Node: Assigning Elements475833 -Node: Array Example476324 -Node: Scanning an Array478083 -Node: Controlling Scanning481106 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1486500 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts486816 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts489001 -Node: Delete490618 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1493367 -Node: Multidimensional493424 -Node: Multiscanning496521 -Node: Arrays of Arrays498110 -Node: Arrays Summary502864 -Node: Functions504955 -Node: Built-in505994 -Node: Calling Built-in507072 -Node: Numeric Functions509067 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1513885 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2514242 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3514290 -Node: String Functions514562 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1538063 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2538192 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3538440 -Node: Gory Details538527 -Ref: table-sub-escapes540308 -Ref: table-sub-proposed541823 -Ref: table-posix-sub543185 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes544722 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1545555 -Node: I/O Functions545706 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1552942 -Node: Time Functions553089 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1563598 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2563666 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3563824 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4563935 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5564047 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6564274 -Node: Bitwise Functions564540 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops565102 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1569430 -Node: Type Functions569602 -Node: I18N Functions570754 -Node: User-defined572401 -Node: Definition Syntax573206 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1578865 -Node: Function Example578936 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1581857 -Node: Function Caveats581879 -Node: Calling A Function582397 -Node: Variable Scope583355 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference586348 -Node: Return Statement589845 -Node: Dynamic Typing592824 -Node: Indirect Calls593753 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1603618 -Node: Functions Summary603746 -Node: Library Functions606448 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1610056 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2610199 -Node: Library Names610370 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1613828 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2614051 -Node: General Functions614137 -Node: Strtonum Function615240 -Node: Assert Function618262 -Node: Round Function621586 -Node: Cliff Random Function623127 -Node: Ordinal Functions624143 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1627206 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2627458 -Node: Join Function627669 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1629439 -Node: Getlocaltime Function629639 -Node: Readfile Function633383 -Node: Shell Quoting635355 -Node: Data File Management636756 -Node: Filetrans Function637388 -Node: Rewind Function641484 -Node: File Checking642870 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1644203 -Node: Empty Files644404 -Node: Ignoring Assigns646383 -Node: Getopt Function647933 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1659397 -Node: Passwd Functions659597 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1668437 -Node: Group Functions668525 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1676422 -Node: Walking Arrays676627 -Node: Library Functions Summary679633 -Node: Library Exercises681035 -Node: Sample Programs682315 -Node: Running Examples683085 -Node: Clones683813 -Node: Cut Program685037 -Node: Egrep Program694757 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1702260 -Node: Id Program702370 -Node: Split Program706046 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1709500 -Node: Tee Program709628 -Node: Uniq Program712417 -Node: Wc Program719836 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1724086 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs724180 -Node: Dupword Program725393 -Node: Alarm Program727424 -Node: Translate Program732229 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1736792 -Node: Labels Program737062 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1740413 -Node: Word Sorting740497 -Node: History Sorting744567 -Node: Extract Program746402 -Node: Simple Sed753926 -Node: Igawk Program756996 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1771322 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2771523 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3771645 -Node: Anagram Program771760 -Node: Signature Program774821 -Node: Programs Summary776068 -Node: Programs Exercises777289 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1781420 -Node: Advanced Features781511 -Node: Nondecimal Data783493 -Node: Array Sorting785083 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal785783 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1794149 -Node: Array Sorting Functions794267 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1798153 -Node: Two-way I/O798349 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1803294 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2803480 -Node: TCP/IP Networking803562 -Node: Profiling806434 -Node: Advanced Features Summary814705 -Node: Internationalization816638 -Node: I18N and L10N818118 -Node: Explaining gettext818804 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1823829 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2824013 -Node: Programmer i18n824178 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1829054 -Node: Translator i18n829103 -Node: String Extraction829897 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1831028 -Node: Printf Ordering831114 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1833900 -Node: I18N Portability833964 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1836420 -Node: I18N Example836483 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1839286 -Node: Gawk I18N839358 -Node: I18N Summary840002 -Node: Debugger841342 -Node: Debugging842364 -Node: Debugging Concepts842805 -Node: Debugging Terms844615 -Node: Awk Debugging847187 -Node: Sample Debugging Session848093 -Node: Debugger Invocation848627 -Node: Finding The Bug850012 -Node: List of Debugger Commands856491 -Node: Breakpoint Control857823 -Node: Debugger Execution Control861500 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data864859 -Node: Execution Stack868235 -Node: Debugger Info869870 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands873915 -Node: Readline Support878916 -Node: Limitations879810 -Node: Debugging Summary881925 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic883099 -Node: Computer Arithmetic884515 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges888092 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1888616 -Node: Math Definitions888673 -Ref: table-ieee-formats891968 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1892572 -Node: MPFR features892677 -Node: FP Math Caution894348 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1895398 -Node: Inexactness of computations895767 -Node: Inexact representation896726 -Node: Comparing FP Values898084 -Node: Errors accumulate899166 -Node: Getting Accuracy900598 -Node: Try To Round903302 -Node: Setting precision904201 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings904885 -Node: Setting the rounding mode906714 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes907078 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1910530 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers910709 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1915607 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems915756 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1919635 -Node: Floating point summary919673 -Node: Dynamic Extensions921860 -Node: Extension Intro923412 -Node: Plugin License924677 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline925474 -Ref: figure-load-extension925902 -Ref: figure-register-new-function927382 -Ref: figure-call-new-function928386 -Node: Extension API Description930373 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction931907 -Node: General Data Types936776 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1942676 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions942975 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1945814 -Node: Constructor Functions945913 -Node: Registration Functions947652 -Node: Extension Functions948337 -Node: Exit Callback Functions950634 -Node: Extension Version String951882 -Node: Input Parsers952545 -Node: Output Wrappers962420 -Node: Two-way processors966933 -Node: Printing Messages969196 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1970272 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'970424 -Node: Requesting Values971164 -Ref: table-value-types-returned971891 -Node: Accessing Parameters972848 -Node: Symbol Table Access974082 -Node: Symbol table by name974596 -Node: Symbol table by cookie976616 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1980761 -Node: Cached values980824 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1984320 -Node: Array Manipulation984411 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1985501 -Node: Array Data Types985538 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1988193 -Node: Array Functions988285 -Node: Flattening Arrays992144 -Node: Creating Arrays999046 -Node: Redirection API1003817 -Node: Extension API Variables1006588 -Node: Extension Versioning1007221 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables1009112 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate1010177 -Node: Finding Extensions1013986 -Node: Extension Example1014546 -Node: Internal File Description1015318 -Node: Internal File Ops1019385 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11031136 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1031276 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11033659 -Node: Extension Samples1033932 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1035460 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1043141 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1044629 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1045844 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1047930 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1048766 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1049643 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1050454 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1051043 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1051783 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1053723 -Node: Extension Sample Time1054818 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1056166 -Node: gawkextlib1056657 -Node: Extension summary1059335 -Node: Extension Exercises1063024 -Node: Language History1064520 -Node: V7/SVR3.11066176 -Node: SVR41068329 -Node: POSIX1069763 -Node: BTL1071144 -Node: POSIX/GNU1071875 -Node: Feature History1077711 -Node: Common Extensions1091505 -Node: Ranges and Locales1092877 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11097496 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21097523 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31097758 -Node: Contributors1097979 -Node: History summary1103519 -Node: Installation1104898 -Node: Gawk Distribution1105844 -Node: Getting1106328 -Node: Extracting1107151 -Node: Distribution contents1108788 -Node: Unix Installation1114890 -Node: Quick Installation1115573 -Node: Shell Startup Files1117984 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1119063 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1120867 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1123236 -Node: PC Installation1123694 -Node: PC Binary Installation1125014 -Node: PC Compiling1126862 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11129883 -Node: PC Testing1129992 -Node: PC Using1131168 -Node: Cygwin1135283 -Node: MSYS1136053 -Node: VMS Installation1136554 -Node: VMS Compilation1137346 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11138575 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1138633 -Node: VMS Installation Details1140317 -Node: VMS Running1142568 -Node: VMS GNV1145408 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1146143 -Node: Bugs1146613 -Node: Other Versions1150502 -Node: Installation summary1156936 -Node: Notes1157995 -Node: Compatibility Mode1158860 -Node: Additions1159642 -Node: Accessing The Source1160567 -Node: Adding Code1162002 -Node: New Ports1168159 -Node: Derived Files1172641 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11178116 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21178150 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31178746 -Node: Future Extensions1178860 -Node: Implementation Limitations1179466 -Node: Extension Design1180714 -Node: Old Extension Problems1181868 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11183385 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1183442 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11186802 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1186991 -Node: Extension Future Growth1189099 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1189935 -Node: Notes summary1191697 -Node: Basic Concepts1192883 -Node: Basic High Level1193564 -Ref: figure-general-flow1193836 -Ref: figure-process-flow1194435 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11197664 -Node: Basic Data Typing1197849 -Node: Glossary1201177 -Node: Copying1233106 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1270662 -Node: Index1295798 +Node: Plain Getline245376 +Node: Getline/Variable248016 +Node: Getline/File249165 +Node: Getline/Variable/File250550 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1252153 +Node: Getline/Pipe252240 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254918 +Node: Getline/Coprocess256049 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess257313 +Node: Getline Notes258052 +Node: Getline Summary260846 +Ref: table-getline-variants261258 +Node: Read Timeout262087 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265990 +Node: Retrying Input266048 +Node: Command-line directories267238 +Node: Input Summary268145 +Node: Input Exercises271530 +Node: Printing272258 +Node: Print274093 +Node: Print Examples275550 +Node: Output Separators278329 +Node: OFMT280347 +Node: Printf281702 +Node: Basic Printf282487 +Node: Control Letters284059 +Node: Format Modifiers288044 +Node: Printf Examples294050 +Node: Redirection296536 +Node: Special FD303374 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1306540 +Node: Special Files306614 +Node: Other Inherited Files307231 +Node: Special Network308231 +Node: Special Caveats309093 +Node: Close Files And Pipes310042 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1317227 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2317375 +Node: Nonfatal317525 +Node: Output Summary319850 +Node: Output Exercises321071 +Node: Expressions321751 +Node: Values322940 +Node: Constants323617 +Node: Scalar Constants324308 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1325170 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers325420 +Node: Regexp Constants328430 +Node: Using Constant Regexps328956 +Node: Variables332119 +Node: Using Variables332776 +Node: Assignment Options334687 +Node: Conversion336562 +Node: Strings And Numbers337086 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1340151 +Node: Locale influences conversions340260 +Ref: table-locale-affects343006 +Node: All Operators343598 +Node: Arithmetic Ops344227 +Node: Concatenation346732 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1349551 +Node: Assignment Ops349658 +Ref: table-assign-ops354637 +Node: Increment Ops355947 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions359378 +Node: Truth Values360461 +Node: Typing and Comparison361510 +Node: Variable Typing362326 +Node: Comparison Operators365993 +Ref: table-relational-ops366403 +Node: POSIX String Comparison369898 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1370970 +Node: Boolean Ops371109 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1375587 +Node: Conditional Exp375678 +Node: Function Calls377416 +Node: Precedence381296 +Node: Locales384956 +Node: Expressions Summary386588 +Node: Patterns and Actions389159 +Node: Pattern Overview390279 +Node: Regexp Patterns391958 +Node: Expression Patterns392501 +Node: Ranges396281 +Node: BEGIN/END399388 +Node: Using 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Scanning an Array478065 +Node: Controlling Scanning481088 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1486482 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts486798 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts488983 +Node: Delete490600 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1493349 +Node: Multidimensional493406 +Node: Multiscanning496503 +Node: Arrays of Arrays498092 +Node: Arrays Summary502846 +Node: Functions504937 +Node: Built-in505976 +Node: Calling Built-in507054 +Node: Numeric Functions509049 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1513867 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2514224 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3514272 +Node: String Functions514544 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1538045 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2538174 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3538422 +Node: Gory Details538509 +Ref: table-sub-escapes540290 +Ref: table-sub-proposed541805 +Ref: table-posix-sub543167 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes544704 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1545537 +Node: I/O Functions545688 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1552924 +Node: Time Functions553071 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