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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 773 |
1 files changed, 348 insertions, 425 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 41b10fda..6a339595 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -12400,24 +12400,6 @@ brackets ([ ]): truncated toward zero. For example, 'int(3)' is 3, 'int(3.9)' is 3, 'int(-3.9)' is -3, and 'int(-3)' is -3 as well. -'intdiv(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' - Perform integer division, similar to the standard C 'div()' - function. First, truncate 'numerator' and 'denominator' towards - zero, creating integer values. Clear the 'result' array, and then - set 'result["quotient"]' to the result of 'numerator / - denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set - 'result["remainder"]' to the result of 'numerator % denominator', - truncated towards zero to an integer. Attempting division by zero - causes a fatal error. The function returns zero upon success, and - -1 upon error. - - This function is primarily intended for use with arbitrary length - integers; it avoids creating MPFR arbitrary precision - floating-point values (*note Arbitrary Precision Integers::). - - This function is a 'gawk' extension. It is not available in - compatibility mode (*note Options::). - 'log(X)' Return the natural logarithm of X, if X is positive; otherwise, return 'NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally, @@ -23223,59 +23205,7 @@ the following: When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either '/' or '%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point value -(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In order to -do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision integers, use -the built-in 'intdiv()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). - - You can simulate the 'intdiv()' function in standard 'awk' using this -user-defined function: - - # intdiv --- do integer division - - function intdiv(numerator, denominator, result) - { - split("", result) - - numerator = int(numerator) - denominator = int(denominator) - result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) - result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) - - return 0.0 - } - - The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses -'intdiv()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose -to set: - - # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi - - BEGIN { - digits = 100000 - two = 2 * 10 ^ digits - pi = two - for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { - d = m * 2 + 1 - x = pi * m - intdiv(x, d, result) - pi = result["quotient"] - pi = pi + two - } - print pi - } - - When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: - - It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's - Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take a - look at lines (23) - (25) here: - <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html>. - - The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works - from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP - calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory - devices with smallish word sizes. See - <http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899>. +(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -27594,9 +27524,6 @@ current version of 'gawk'. - The 'bindtextdomain()', 'dcgettext()', and 'dcngettext()' functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::) - - The 'intdiv()' function for doing integer division and - remainder (*note Numeric Functions::) - * Changes and/or additions in the command-line options: - The 'AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path @@ -28061,8 +27988,6 @@ POSIX 'awk', in the order they were added to 'gawk'. * The 'igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed when 'gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::. - * The 'intdiv()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::. - * The maximum number of hexadecimal digits in '\x' escapes is now two. *Note Escape Sequences::. @@ -34474,8 +34399,6 @@ Index * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90) * int: Numeric Functions. (line 24) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* intdiv: Numeric Functions. (line 29) -* intdiv <1>: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -34625,9 +34548,9 @@ Index * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -35091,12 +35014,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 52) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 34) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 52) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 82) + (line 34) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 64) @@ -35274,7 +35197,7 @@ Index * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22) * sed utility <1>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility <2>: Glossary. (line 16) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 82) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 9) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines. (line 90) @@ -35378,8 +35301,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 93) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 93) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 75) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 75) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -35429,10 +35352,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 116) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 96) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 96) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 100) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 78) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 82) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard: Manual History. (line 6) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Acknowledgments. (line 18) @@ -35997,341 +35920,341 @@ Node: Functions521911 Node: Built-in522949 Node: Calling Built-in524030 Node: Numeric Functions526026 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1530971 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2531328 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3531376 -Node: String Functions531648 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1555306 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2555434 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3555682 -Node: Gory Details555769 -Ref: table-sub-escapes557560 -Ref: table-sub-proposed559079 -Ref: table-posix-sub560442 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes561983 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1562806 -Node: I/O Functions562960 -Ref: table-system-return-values569542 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1571522 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2571670 -Node: Time Functions571790 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1582457 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2582525 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3582683 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4582794 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5582906 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6583133 -Node: Bitwise Functions583399 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops583993 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1590026 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2590199 -Node: Type Functions590390 -Node: I18N Functions593307 -Node: User-defined594958 -Node: Definition Syntax595763 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1601450 -Node: Function Example601521 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1604443 -Node: Function Caveats604465 -Node: Calling A Function604983 -Node: Variable Scope605941 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference608935 -Node: Return Statement612434 -Node: Dynamic Typing615413 -Node: Indirect Calls616343 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1626594 -Node: Functions Summary626722 -Node: Library Functions629427 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1633034 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2633177 -Node: Library Names633348 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1636808 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2637031 -Node: General Functions637117 -Node: Strtonum Function638220 -Node: Assert Function641242 -Node: Round Function644568 -Node: Cliff Random 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+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3793739 +Node: Anagram Program793854 +Node: Signature Program796916 +Node: Programs Summary798163 +Node: Programs Exercises799377 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1803506 +Node: Advanced Features803597 +Node: Nondecimal Data805587 +Node: Array Sorting807178 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal807878 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1816245 +Node: Array Sorting Functions816363 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1821454 +Node: Two-way I/O821650 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1828201 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2828388 +Node: TCP/IP Networking828470 +Node: Profiling831588 +Ref: Profiling-Footnote-1840260 +Node: Advanced Features Summary840583 +Node: Internationalization842427 +Node: I18N and L10N843907 +Node: Explaining gettext844594 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1850486 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2850671 +Node: Programmer i18n850836 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1855785 +Node: Translator i18n855834 +Node: String Extraction856628 +Ref: 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cookie-Footnote-11017017 +Node: Cached values1017081 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11020617 +Node: Array Manipulation1020708 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11021799 +Node: Array Data Types1021836 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11024494 +Node: Array Functions1024586 +Node: Flattening Arrays1028985 +Node: Creating Arrays1035926 +Node: Redirection API1040695 +Node: Extension API Variables1043537 +Node: Extension Versioning1044170 +Ref: gawk-api-version1044607 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1046335 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1047399 +Node: Changes from API V11051261 +Node: Finding Extensions1051921 +Node: Extension Example1052480 +Node: Internal File Description1053278 +Node: Internal File Ops1057358 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11068758 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1068898 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11071281 +Node: Extension Samples1071555 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1073084 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1080733 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1082220 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1083438 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1086655 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1087491 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1088380 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1089185 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1089774 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1090514 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1092456 +Node: Extension Sample Time1093551 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1094899 +Node: gawkextlib1095391 +Node: Extension summary1097838 +Node: Extension Exercises1101540 +Node: Language History1103038 +Node: V7/SVR3.11104694 +Node: SVR41106846 +Node: POSIX1108280 +Node: BTL1109659 +Node: POSIX/GNU1110388 +Node: Feature History1116166 +Node: Common Extensions1130531 +Node: Ranges and Locales1131814 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11136430 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21136457 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31136692 +Node: Contributors1136913 +Node: History summary1142473 +Node: Installation1143853 +Node: Gawk Distribution1144797 +Node: Getting1145281 +Node: Extracting1146242 +Node: Distribution contents1147880 +Node: Unix Installation1154222 +Node: Quick Installation1154904 +Node: Shell Startup Files1157318 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1158407 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1160396 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1162765 +Node: PC Installation1163225 +Node: PC Binary Installation1164063 +Node: PC Compiling1164498 +Node: PC Using1165615 +Node: Cygwin1168660 +Node: MSYS1169430 +Node: VMS Installation1169931 +Node: VMS Compilation1170722 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11171951 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1172009 +Node: VMS Installation Details1173694 +Node: VMS Running1175947 +Node: VMS GNV1180226 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1180961 +Node: Bugs1181432 +Node: Bug address1182095 +Node: Usenet1184492 +Node: Maintainers1185269 +Node: Other Versions1186645 +Node: Installation summary1193229 +Node: Notes1194264 +Node: Compatibility Mode1195129 +Node: Additions1195911 +Node: Accessing The Source1196836 +Node: Adding Code1198271 +Node: New Ports1204489 +Node: Derived Files1208977 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11214462 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21214497 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31215095 +Node: Future Extensions1215209 +Node: Implementation Limitations1215867 +Node: Extension Design1217050 +Node: Old Extension Problems1218204 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11219722 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1219779 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11223143 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1223332 +Node: Extension Future Growth1225445 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1226281 +Node: Notes summary1228044 +Node: Basic Concepts1229226 +Node: Basic High Level1229907 +Ref: figure-general-flow1230189 +Ref: figure-process-flow1230874 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11234175 +Node: Basic Data Typing1234360 +Node: Glossary1237688 +Node: Copying1269635 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1307174 +Node: Index1332292 End Tag Table |