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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 850 |
1 files changed, 445 insertions, 405 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 273f8a7a..c3565d3c 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -8559,6 +8559,10 @@ worked around; range patterns do not combine with other patterns: error--> gawk: cmd. line:1: (/1/,/2/) || /Yes/ error--> gawk: cmd. line:1: ^ syntax error + As a minor point of interest, although it is poor style, POSIX +allows you to put a newline after the comma in a range pattern. +(d.c.) + File: gawk.info, Node: BEGIN/END, Next: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE, Prev: Ranges, Up: Pattern Overview @@ -9379,12 +9383,12 @@ listed in `ARGV'. standard. See the Austin Group website (http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=607). - The current version of the Brian Kernighan's `awk' (*note Other -Versions::) also supports `nextfile'. However, it doesn't allow the -`nextfile' statement inside function bodies (*note User-defined::). -`gawk' does; a `nextfile' inside a function body reads the next record -and starts processing it with the first rule in the program, just as -any other `nextfile' statement. + The current version of the Brian Kernighan's `awk', and `mawk' +(*note Other Versions::) also support `nextfile'. However, they don't +allow the `nextfile' statement inside function bodies (*note +User-defined::). `gawk' does; a `nextfile' inside a function body +reads the next record and starts processing it with the first rule in +the program, just as any other `nextfile' statement. File: gawk.info, Node: Exit Statement, Prev: Nextfile Statement, Up: Statements @@ -29973,11 +29977,11 @@ Index * # (number sign), #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 6) * # (number sign), commenting: Comments. (line 6) -* $ (dollar sign): Regexp Operators. (line 35) * $ (dollar sign), $ field operator <1>: Precedence. (line 43) * $ (dollar sign), $ field operator: Fields. (line 19) * $ (dollar sign), incrementing fields and arrays: Increment Ops. (line 30) +* $ (dollar sign), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 35) * % (percent sign), % operator: Precedence. (line 55) * % (percent sign), %= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * % (percent sign), %= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) @@ -30004,12 +30008,12 @@ Index * * (asterisk), **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * * (asterisk), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * * (asterisk), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* + (plus sign): Regexp Operators. (line 102) * + (plus sign), + operator: Precedence. (line 52) * + (plus sign), ++ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) * + (plus sign), ++ operator: Increment Ops. (line 11) * + (plus sign), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * + (plus sign), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82) +* + (plus sign), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 102) * , (comma), in range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * - (hyphen), - operator: Precedence. (line 52) * - (hyphen), -- operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) @@ -30115,17 +30119,18 @@ Index (line 147) * / (forward slash), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24) * /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 147) -* /dev/... special files (gawk): Special FD. (line 46) -* /dev/fd/N special files: Special FD. (line 46) +* /dev/... special files: Special FD. (line 46) +* /dev/fd/N special files (gawk): Special FD. (line 46) * /inet/... special files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * /inet4/... special files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * /inet6/... special files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) -* ; (semicolon): Statements/Lines. (line 91) * ; (semicolon), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10) * ; (semicolon), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) -* ; (semicolon), separating statements in actions: Action Overview. +* ; (semicolon), separating statements in actions <2>: Action Overview. (line 19) +* ; (semicolon), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines. + (line 91) * < (left angle bracket), < operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * < (left angle bracket), < operator: Comparison Operators. (line 11) @@ -30146,10 +30151,10 @@ Index (line 11) * > (right angle bracket), >> operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * > (right angle bracket), >> operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 50) -* ? (question mark) regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. - (line 59) -* ? (question mark) regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111) * ? (question mark), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 92) +* ? (question mark), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. + (line 59) +* ? (question mark), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111) * [] (square brackets): Regexp Operators. (line 55) * \ (backslash) <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 18) * \ (backslash) <2>: Quoting. (line 31) @@ -30201,20 +30206,21 @@ Index * \ (backslash), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences. (line 112) * \ (backslash), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 28) -* ^ (caret): GNU Regexp Operators. - (line 59) * ^ (caret), ^ operator: Precedence. (line 49) * ^ (caret), ^= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * ^ (caret), ^= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * ^ (caret), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) -* ^ (caret), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 22) -* ^, in FS: Regexp Field Splitting. +* ^ (caret), in FS: Regexp Field Splitting. + (line 59) +* ^ (caret), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 59) +* ^ (caret), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 22) * _ (underscore), C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 70) * _ (underscore), in names of private variables: Library Names. (line 29) * _ (underscore), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 69) * _gr_init() user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 82) +* _ord_init() user-defined function: Ordinal Functions. (line 16) * _pw_init() user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 105) * accessing fields: Fields. (line 6) * account information <1>: Group Functions. (line 6) @@ -30228,8 +30234,6 @@ Index * adding, fields: Changing Fields. (line 53) * advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 10) * advanced features, gawk: Advanced Features. (line 6) -* advanced features, network connections, See Also networks, connections: Advanced Features. - (line 6) * advanced features, network programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * advanced features, nondecimal input data: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * advanced features, processes, communicating with: Two-way I/O. @@ -30251,6 +30255,7 @@ Index * ampersand (&), gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions and: Gory Details. (line 6) * anagram.awk program: Anagram Program. (line 22) +* anagrams, finding: Anagram Program. (line 6) * AND bitwise operation: Bitwise Functions. (line 6) * and Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * and() function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 39) @@ -30449,8 +30454,8 @@ Index * backslash (\), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 28) * backtrace debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 13) * BBS-list file: Sample Data Files. (line 6) -* Beebe, Nelson <1>: Other Versions. (line 78) -* Beebe, Nelson: Acknowledgments. (line 60) +* Beebe, Nelson H.F. <1>: Other Versions. (line 78) +* Beebe, Nelson H.F.: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * BEGIN pattern <1>: Profiling. (line 62) * BEGIN pattern <2>: BEGIN/END. (line 6) * BEGIN pattern <3>: Field Separators. (line 45) @@ -30476,7 +30481,9 @@ Index * BEGINFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 73) * beginfile() user-defined function: Filetrans Function. (line 62) +* Bentley, Jon: Glossary. (line 151) * Benzinger, Michael: Contributors. (line 97) +* Berry, Karl <1>: Ranges and Locales. (line 74) * Berry, Karl: Acknowledgments. (line 33) * binary input/output: User-modified. (line 10) * bindtextdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 49) @@ -30518,9 +30525,28 @@ Index * Brennan, Michael <1>: Other Versions. (line 6) * Brennan, Michael <2>: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * Brennan, Michael <3>: Simple Sed. (line 25) -* Brennan, Michael: Delete. (line 56) -* Brian Kernighan's awk: Other Versions. (line 13) +* Brennan, Michael <4>: Delete. (line 56) +* Brennan, Michael: Foreword. (line 83) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <1>: I/O Functions. (line 40) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <2>: Gory Details. (line 15) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <3>: String Functions. (line 489) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <4>: Delete. (line 48) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <5>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <6>: Continue Statement. (line 43) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <7>: Break Statement. (line 51) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <8>: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <9>: Concatenation. (line 36) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <10>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <11>: Regexp Field Splitting. + (line 67) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <12>: GNU Regexp Operators. + (line 83) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 116) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <14>: When. (line 21) +* Brian Kernighan's awk: Preface. (line 15) * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions: BTL. (line 6) +* Brian Kernighan's awk, source code: Other Versions. (line 13) +* Brini, Davide: Signature Program. (line 6) * Broder, Alan J.: Contributors. (line 88) * Brown, Martin: Contributors. (line 82) * BSD-based operating systems: Glossary. (line 624) @@ -30547,12 +30573,12 @@ Index (line 47) * call by value: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 18) -* caret (^): GNU Regexp Operators. - (line 59) * caret (^), ^ operator: Precedence. (line 49) * caret (^), ^= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * caret (^), ^= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * caret (^), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) +* caret (^), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. + (line 59) * caret (^), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 22) * case keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * case sensitivity, array indices and: Array Intro. (line 91) @@ -30563,6 +30589,8 @@ Index * case sensitivity, regexps and: Case-sensitivity. (line 6) * case sensitivity, string comparisons and: User-modified. (line 82) * CGI, awk scripts for: Options. (line 125) +* character classes, See bracket expressions: Regexp Operators. + (line 55) * character lists, See bracket expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 55) * character sets (machine character encodings) <1>: Glossary. (line 141) * character sets (machine character encodings): Ordinal Functions. @@ -30903,6 +30931,8 @@ Index (line 23) * differences in awk and gawk, close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 81) +* differences in awk and gawk, command line directories: Command line directories. + (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. @@ -30945,8 +30975,6 @@ Index (line 346) * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: Records. (line 191) -* differences in awk and gawk, strtonum() function (gawk): String Functions. - (line 401) * differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 283) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 162) @@ -30966,11 +30994,11 @@ Index * documentation, of awk programs: Library Names. (line 6) * documentation, online: Manual History. (line 11) * documents, searching: Dupword Program. (line 6) -* dollar sign ($): Regexp Operators. (line 35) * dollar sign ($), $ field operator <1>: Precedence. (line 43) * dollar sign ($), $ field operator: Fields. (line 19) * dollar sign ($), incrementing fields and arrays: Increment Ops. (line 30) +* dollar sign ($), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 35) * double precision floating-point: General Arithmetic. (line 21) * double quote (") <1>: Quoting. (line 37) * double quote ("): Read Terminal. (line 25) @@ -31087,6 +31115,7 @@ Index * extensions, common, \x escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 61) * extensions, common, BINMODE variable: PC Using. (line 33) * extensions, common, delete to delete entire arrays: Delete. (line 39) +* extensions, common, fflush() function: I/O Functions. (line 40) * extensions, common, func keyword: Definition Syntax. (line 83) * extensions, common, length() applied to an array: String Functions. (line 193) @@ -31208,10 +31237,10 @@ Index * fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 10) * flag variables <1>: Tee Program. (line 20) * flag variables: Boolean Ops. (line 67) -* floating-point numbers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic. - (line 6) * floating-point, numbers <1>: Unexpected Results. (line 6) * floating-point, numbers: General Arithmetic. (line 6) +* floating-point, numbers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic. + (line 6) * floating-point, VAX/VMS: VMS Running. (line 51) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) @@ -31614,14 +31643,16 @@ Index * Kahrs, Ju"rgen: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Kasal, Stepan: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Kenobi, Obi-Wan: Undocumented. (line 6) -* Kernighan, Brian <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 55) -* Kernighan, Brian <2>: Other Versions. (line 13) -* Kernighan, Brian <3>: Contributors. (line 11) -* Kernighan, Brian <4>: BTL. (line 6) -* Kernighan, Brian <5>: Library Functions. (line 12) -* Kernighan, Brian <6>: Concatenation. (line 6) -* Kernighan, Brian <7>: Acknowledgments. (line 72) -* Kernighan, Brian <8>: Conventions. (line 34) +* Kernighan, Brian <1>: Glossary. (line 151) +* Kernighan, Brian <2>: Basic Data Typing. (line 55) +* Kernighan, Brian <3>: Other Versions. (line 13) +* Kernighan, Brian <4>: Contributors. (line 11) +* Kernighan, Brian <5>: BTL. (line 6) +* Kernighan, Brian <6>: Library Functions. (line 12) +* Kernighan, Brian <7>: Concatenation. (line 6) +* Kernighan, Brian <8>: Getline/Pipe. (line 6) +* Kernighan, Brian <9>: Acknowledgments. (line 72) +* Kernighan, Brian <10>: Conventions. (line 34) * Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17) * kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6) @@ -31742,7 +31773,11 @@ Index (line 9) * matching, leftmost longest: Multiple Line. (line 26) * matching, null strings: Gory Details. (line 164) -* mawk utility: Other Versions. (line 44) +* mawk utility <1>: Other Versions. (line 44) +* mawk utility <2>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47) +* mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) +* mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) +* mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 124) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 41) * message object files, converting from portable object files: I18N Example. @@ -31961,12 +31996,12 @@ Index * Pitts, Dave <1>: Bugs. (line 73) * Pitts, Dave: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Plauger, P.J.: Library Functions. (line 12) -* plus sign (+): Regexp Operators. (line 102) * plus sign (+), + operator: Precedence. (line 52) * plus sign (+), ++ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) * plus sign (+), ++ operator: Increment Ops. (line 11) * plus sign (+), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * plus sign (+), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82) +* plus sign (+), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 102) * pointers to functions: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * portability: Escape Sequences. (line 94) * portability, #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 33) @@ -32126,10 +32161,10 @@ Index (line 99) * QSE Awk: Other Versions. (line 130) * Quanstrom, Erik: Alarm Program. (line 8) -* question mark (?) regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. - (line 59) -* question mark (?) regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111) * question mark (?), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 92) +* question mark (?), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. + (line 59) +* question mark (?), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111) * QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 134) * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) @@ -32152,6 +32187,7 @@ Index * random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) +* range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 65) * Rankin, Pat <1>: Bugs. (line 72) * Rankin, Pat <2>: Contributors. (line 37) * Rankin, Pat <3>: Assignment Ops. (line 100) @@ -32316,12 +32352,13 @@ Index * sed utility <2>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* semicolon (;): Statements/Lines. (line 91) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) -* semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Action Overview. +* semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <2>: Action Overview. (line 19) +* semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines. + (line 91) * separators, field: User-modified. (line 56) * separators, field, FIELDWIDTHS variable and: User-modified. (line 35) * separators, field, FPAT variable and: User-modified. (line 45) @@ -32394,6 +32431,7 @@ Index * signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * signals, USR1/SIGUSR1: Profiling. (line 188) +* signature program: Signature Program. (line 6) * SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * SIGUSR1 signal: Profiling. (line 188) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. @@ -32614,7 +32652,9 @@ Index * undisplay debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 80) * undocumented features: Undocumented. (line 6) -* Unicode: Glossary. (line 141) +* Unicode <1>: Glossary. (line 141) +* Unicode <2>: Ranges and Locales. (line 61) +* Unicode: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) * uninitialized variables, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * uniq utility: Uniq Program. (line 6) @@ -32925,362 +32965,362 @@ Node: Pattern Overview358484 Node: Regexp Patterns360153 Node: Expression Patterns360696 Node: Ranges364381 -Node: BEGIN/END367347 -Node: Using BEGIN/END368109 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370840 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END370946 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373228 -Node: Empty376142 -Node: Using Shell Variables376458 -Node: Action Overview378743 -Node: Statements381100 -Node: If Statement382954 -Node: While Statement384453 -Node: Do Statement386497 -Node: For Statement387653 -Node: Switch Statement390805 -Node: Break Statement392959 -Node: Continue Statement394949 -Node: Next Statement396742 -Node: Nextfile Statement399132 -Node: Exit Statement401775 -Node: Built-in Variables404191 -Node: User-modified405286 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413644 -Node: Auto-set413706 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1427176 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427381 -Node: ARGC and ARGV427437 -Node: Arrays431288 -Node: Array Basics432793 -Node: Array Intro433619 -Node: Reference to Elements437936 -Node: Assigning Elements440206 -Node: Array Example440697 -Node: Scanning an Array442429 -Node: Controlling Scanning444743 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449830 -Node: Delete450146 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1452911 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts452968 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts455151 -Node: Multidimensional456778 -Node: Multiscanning459871 -Node: Arrays of Arrays461460 -Node: Functions466100 -Node: Built-in466919 -Node: Calling Built-in467997 -Node: Numeric Functions469985 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473817 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2474174 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3474222 -Node: String Functions474491 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497411 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497540 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497788 -Node: Gory Details497875 -Ref: table-sub-escapes499554 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92500908 -Ref: table-sub-proposed502259 -Ref: table-posix-sub503613 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes505158 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506334 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506385 -Node: I/O Functions506536 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513526 -Node: Time Functions513673 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524606 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524674 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524832 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524943 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5525055 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6525282 -Node: Bitwise Functions525548 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops526110 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1530331 -Node: Type Functions530515 -Node: I18N Functions531666 -Node: User-defined533293 -Node: Definition Syntax534097 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1539011 -Node: Function Example539080 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1541729 -Node: Function Caveats541751 -Node: Calling A Function542269 -Node: Variable Scope543224 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference546187 -Node: Return Statement549695 -Node: Dynamic Typing552676 -Node: Indirect Calls553607 -Node: Library Functions563294 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566807 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566950 -Node: Library Names567121 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570594 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2570814 -Node: General Functions570900 -Node: Strtonum Function571928 -Node: Assert Function574858 -Node: Round Function578184 -Node: Cliff Random Function579725 -Node: Ordinal Functions580741 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1583818 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2584070 -Node: Join Function584281 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1586052 -Node: Getlocaltime Function586252 -Node: Readfile Function589993 -Node: Data File Management591832 -Node: Filetrans Function592464 -Node: Rewind Function596533 -Node: File Checking597920 -Node: Empty Files599014 -Node: Ignoring Assigns601244 -Node: Getopt Function602798 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1614101 -Node: Passwd Functions614304 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1623282 -Node: Group Functions623370 -Node: Walking Arrays631454 -Node: Sample Programs633590 -Node: Running Examples634264 -Node: Clones634992 -Node: Cut Program636216 -Node: Egrep Program646067 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1653840 -Node: Id Program653950 -Node: Split Program657566 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1661085 -Node: Tee Program661213 -Node: Uniq Program664016 -Node: Wc Program671445 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1675711 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2675911 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs676003 -Node: Dupword Program677191 -Node: Alarm Program679222 -Node: Translate Program684029 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1688416 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2688664 -Node: Labels Program688798 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1692169 -Node: Word Sorting692253 -Node: History Sorting696137 -Node: Extract Program697976 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1705479 -Node: Simple Sed705607 -Node: Igawk Program708669 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1723826 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2724027 -Node: Anagram Program724165 -Node: Signature Program727233 -Node: Advanced Features728333 -Node: Nondecimal Data730219 -Node: Array Sorting731802 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal732499 -Node: Array Sorting Functions740783 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1744652 -Node: Two-way I/O744846 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1750278 -Node: TCP/IP Networking750360 -Node: Profiling753204 -Node: Internationalization760707 -Node: I18N and L10N762132 -Node: Explaining gettext762818 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1767886 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2768070 -Node: Programmer i18n768235 -Node: Translator i18n772437 -Node: String Extraction773231 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1774192 -Node: Printf Ordering774278 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1777060 -Node: I18N Portability777124 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1779573 -Node: I18N Example779636 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1782274 -Node: Gawk I18N782346 -Node: Debugger782967 -Node: Debugging783938 -Node: Debugging Concepts784371 -Node: Debugging Terms786227 -Node: Awk Debugging788824 -Node: Sample Debugging Session789716 -Node: Debugger Invocation790236 -Node: Finding The Bug791569 -Node: List of Debugger Commands798056 -Node: Breakpoint Control799390 -Node: Debugger Execution Control803054 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data806414 -Node: Execution Stack809770 -Node: Debugger Info811237 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands815219 -Node: Readline Support820395 -Node: Limitations821226 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic823478 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1825127 -Node: General Arithmetic825275 -Node: Floating Point Issues826995 -Node: String Conversion Precision827876 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1829581 -Node: Unexpected Results829690 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems831843 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1835668 -Node: Integer Programming835706 -Node: Floating-point Programming837445 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1843776 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-2844046 -Node: Floating-point Representation844310 -Node: Floating-point Context845475 -Ref: table-ieee-formats846314 -Node: Rounding Mode847698 -Ref: table-rounding-modes848177 -Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1851192 -Node: Gawk and MPFR851371 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats852626 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1855069 -Node: Setting Precision855385 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings856071 -Node: Setting Rounding Mode858216 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes858620 -Node: Floating-point Constants859807 -Node: Changing Precision861236 -Ref: Changing Precision-Footnote-1862633 -Node: Exact Arithmetic862807 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers865945 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1868960 -Node: Dynamic Extensions869107 -Node: Extension Intro870565 -Node: Plugin License871830 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline872515 -Ref: load-extension872932 -Ref: load-new-function874410 -Ref: call-new-function875405 -Node: Extension API Description877420 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction878633 -Node: General Data Types883499 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1889101 -Node: Requesting Values889400 -Ref: table-value-types-returned890131 -Node: Constructor Functions891085 -Node: Registration Functions894105 -Node: Extension Functions894790 -Node: Exit Callback Functions897016 -Node: Extension Version String898265 -Node: Input Parsers898915 -Node: Output Wrappers908672 -Node: Two-way processors913182 -Node: Printing Messages915390 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1916467 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'916619 -Node: Accessing Parameters917358 -Node: Symbol Table Access918588 -Node: Symbol table by name919100 -Node: Symbol table by cookie920847 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1924977 -Node: Cached values925040 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1928489 -Node: Array Manipulation928580 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1929678 -Node: Array Data Types929717 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1932420 -Node: Array Functions932512 -Node: Flattening Arrays936278 -Node: Creating Arrays943130 -Node: Extension API Variables947855 -Node: Extension Versioning948491 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables950392 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate951478 -Node: Finding Extensions955282 -Node: Extension Example955842 -Node: Internal File Description956572 -Node: Internal File Ops960663 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1972172 -Node: Using Internal File Ops972312 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-1974665 -Node: Extension Samples974931 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions976455 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch984940 -Node: Extension Sample Fork986709 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace987922 -Node: Extension Sample Ord989700 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir990536 -Node: Extension Sample Revout992068 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way992661 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array993351 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile995234 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests996052 -Node: Extension Sample Time996577 -Node: gawkextlib997941 -Node: Language History1000722 -Node: V7/SVR3.11002315 -Node: SVR41004635 -Node: POSIX1006077 -Node: BTL1007463 -Node: POSIX/GNU1008197 -Node: Feature History1013796 -Node: Common Extensions1026772 -Node: Ranges and Locales1028084 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11032701 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21032728 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31032962 -Node: Contributors1033183 -Node: Installation1038328 -Node: Gawk Distribution1039222 -Node: Getting1039706 -Node: Extracting1040532 -Node: Distribution contents1042224 -Node: Unix Installation1047929 -Node: Quick Installation1048546 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1050992 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1052728 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1055082 -Node: PC Installation1055540 -Node: PC Binary Installation1056839 -Node: PC Compiling1058687 -Node: PC Testing1061631 -Node: PC Using1062807 -Node: Cygwin1066975 -Node: MSYS1067784 -Node: VMS Installation1068298 -Node: VMS Compilation1069062 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11070314 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1070372 -Node: VMS Installation Details1071745 -Node: VMS Running1073996 -Node: VMS GNV1076830 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1077553 -Node: Bugs1078023 -Node: Other Versions1081941 -Node: Notes1088025 -Node: Compatibility Mode1088825 -Node: Additions1089608 -Node: Accessing The Source1090535 -Node: Adding Code1091975 -Node: New Ports1098020 -Node: Derived Files1102155 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11107476 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21107510 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31108110 -Node: Future Extensions1108208 -Node: Implementation Limitations1108791 -Node: Extension Design1110043 -Node: Old Extension Problems1111197 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11112705 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1112762 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11116127 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1116313 -Node: Extension Future Growth1118419 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1119255 -Node: Basic Concepts1120995 -Node: Basic High Level1121676 -Ref: figure-general-flow1121947 -Ref: figure-process-flow1122546 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11125775 -Node: Basic Data Typing1125960 -Node: Glossary1129315 -Node: Copying1154777 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1192334 -Node: Index1217471 +Node: BEGIN/END367485 +Node: Using BEGIN/END368247 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370978 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END371084 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373366 +Node: Empty376280 +Node: Using Shell Variables376596 +Node: Action Overview378881 +Node: Statements381238 +Node: If Statement383092 +Node: While Statement384591 +Node: Do Statement386635 +Node: For Statement387791 +Node: Switch Statement390943 +Node: Break Statement393097 +Node: Continue Statement395087 +Node: Next Statement396880 +Node: Nextfile Statement399270 +Node: Exit Statement401925 +Node: Built-in Variables404341 +Node: User-modified405436 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413794 +Node: Auto-set413856 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1427326 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427531 +Node: ARGC and ARGV427587 +Node: Arrays431438 +Node: Array Basics432943 +Node: Array Intro433769 +Node: Reference to Elements438086 +Node: Assigning Elements440356 +Node: Array Example440847 +Node: Scanning an Array442579 +Node: Controlling Scanning444893 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449980 +Node: Delete450296 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1453061 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts453118 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts455301 +Node: Multidimensional456928 +Node: Multiscanning460021 +Node: Arrays of Arrays461610 +Node: Functions466250 +Node: Built-in467069 +Node: Calling Built-in468147 +Node: Numeric Functions470135 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473967 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2474324 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3474372 +Node: String Functions474641 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497561 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497690 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497938 +Node: Gory Details498025 +Ref: table-sub-escapes499704 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92501058 +Ref: table-sub-proposed502409 +Ref: table-posix-sub503763 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes505308 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506484 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506535 +Node: I/O Functions506686 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513676 +Node: Time Functions513823 +Ref: Time 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+Node: Strtonum Function572078 +Node: Assert Function575008 +Node: Round Function578334 +Node: Cliff Random Function579875 +Node: Ordinal Functions580891 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1583968 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2584220 +Node: Join Function584431 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1586202 +Node: Getlocaltime Function586402 +Node: Readfile Function590143 +Node: Data File Management591982 +Node: Filetrans Function592614 +Node: Rewind Function596683 +Node: File Checking598070 +Node: Empty Files599164 +Node: Ignoring Assigns601394 +Node: Getopt Function602948 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1614251 +Node: Passwd Functions614454 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1623432 +Node: Group Functions623520 +Node: Walking Arrays631604 +Node: Sample Programs633740 +Node: Running Examples634414 +Node: Clones635142 +Node: Cut Program636366 +Node: Egrep Program646217 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1653990 +Node: Id Program654100 +Node: Split Program657716 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1661235 +Node: Tee Program661363 +Node: Uniq Program664166 +Node: Wc Program671595 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1675861 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2676061 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs676153 +Node: Dupword Program677341 +Node: Alarm Program679372 +Node: Translate Program684179 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1688566 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2688814 +Node: Labels Program688948 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1692319 +Node: Word Sorting692403 +Node: History Sorting696287 +Node: Extract Program698126 +Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1705629 +Node: Simple Sed705757 +Node: Igawk Program708819 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1723976 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2724177 +Node: Anagram Program724315 +Node: Signature Program727383 +Node: Advanced Features728483 +Node: Nondecimal Data730369 +Node: Array Sorting731952 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal732649 +Node: Array Sorting Functions740933 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1744802 +Node: Two-way I/O744996 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1750428 +Node: TCP/IP Networking750510 +Node: Profiling753354 +Node: Internationalization760857 +Node: I18N and L10N762282 +Node: Explaining gettext762968 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1768036 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2768220 +Node: Programmer i18n768385 +Node: Translator i18n772587 +Node: String Extraction773381 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1774342 +Node: Printf Ordering774428 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1777210 +Node: I18N Portability777274 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1779723 +Node: I18N Example779786 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1782424 +Node: Gawk I18N782496 +Node: Debugger783117 +Node: Debugging784088 +Node: Debugging Concepts784521 +Node: Debugging Terms786377 +Node: Awk Debugging788974 +Node: Sample Debugging Session789866 +Node: Debugger Invocation790386 +Node: Finding The Bug791719 +Node: List of Debugger Commands798206 +Node: Breakpoint Control799540 +Node: Debugger Execution Control803204 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data806564 +Node: Execution Stack809920 +Node: Debugger Info811387 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands815369 +Node: Readline Support820545 +Node: Limitations821376 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic823628 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1825277 +Node: General Arithmetic825425 +Node: Floating Point Issues827145 +Node: String Conversion Precision828026 +Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1829731 +Node: Unexpected Results829840 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems831993 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1835818 +Node: Integer Programming835856 +Node: Floating-point Programming837595 +Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1843926 +Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-2844196 +Node: Floating-point Representation844460 +Node: Floating-point Context845625 +Ref: table-ieee-formats846464 +Node: Rounding Mode847848 +Ref: table-rounding-modes848327 +Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1851342 +Node: Gawk and MPFR851521 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats852776 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1855219 +Node: Setting Precision855535 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings856221 +Node: Setting Rounding Mode858366 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes858770 +Node: Floating-point Constants859957 +Node: Changing Precision861386 +Ref: Changing Precision-Footnote-1862783 +Node: Exact Arithmetic862957 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers866095 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1869110 +Node: Dynamic Extensions869257 +Node: Extension Intro870715 +Node: Plugin License871980 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline872665 +Ref: load-extension873082 +Ref: load-new-function874560 +Ref: call-new-function875555 +Node: Extension API Description877570 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction878783 +Node: General Data Types883649 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1889251 +Node: Requesting Values889550 +Ref: table-value-types-returned890281 +Node: Constructor Functions891235 +Node: Registration Functions894255 +Node: Extension Functions894940 +Node: Exit Callback Functions897166 +Node: Extension Version 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Ops-Footnote-1972322 +Node: Using Internal File Ops972462 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-1974815 +Node: Extension Samples975081 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions976605 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch985090 +Node: Extension Sample Fork986859 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace988072 +Node: Extension Sample Ord989850 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir990686 +Node: Extension Sample Revout992218 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way992811 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array993501 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile995384 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests996202 +Node: Extension Sample Time996727 +Node: gawkextlib998091 +Node: Language History1000872 +Node: V7/SVR3.11002465 +Node: SVR41004785 +Node: POSIX1006227 +Node: BTL1007613 +Node: POSIX/GNU1008347 +Node: Feature History1013946 +Node: Common Extensions1026922 +Node: Ranges and Locales1028234 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11032851 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21032878 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31033112 +Node: Contributors1033333 +Node: Installation1038478 +Node: Gawk Distribution1039372 +Node: Getting1039856 +Node: Extracting1040682 +Node: Distribution contents1042374 +Node: Unix Installation1048079 +Node: Quick Installation1048696 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1051142 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1052878 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1055232 +Node: PC Installation1055690 +Node: PC Binary Installation1056989 +Node: PC Compiling1058837 +Node: PC Testing1061781 +Node: PC Using1062957 +Node: Cygwin1067125 +Node: MSYS1067934 +Node: VMS Installation1068448 +Node: VMS Compilation1069212 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11070464 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1070522 +Node: VMS Installation Details1071895 +Node: VMS Running1074146 +Node: VMS GNV1076980 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1077703 +Node: Bugs1078173 +Node: Other Versions1082091 +Node: Notes1088175 +Node: Compatibility Mode1088975 +Node: Additions1089758 +Node: Accessing The Source1090685 +Node: Adding Code1092125 +Node: New Ports1098170 +Node: 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