diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1281 |
1 files changed, 661 insertions, 620 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 7c97a5c9..a3195bb5 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -2564,10 +2564,8 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: different file name for the output. No space is allowed between the `-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied. - NOTE: Due to the way `gawk' has evolved, with this option - your program is still executed. This will change in the next - major release such that `gawk' will only pretty-print the - program and not run it. + NOTE: In the past, this option would also execute your + program. This is no longer the case. `-O' `--optimize' @@ -2949,11 +2947,6 @@ change. The variables are: supposed to be differences, but occasionally theory and practice don't coordinate with each other.) -`GAWK_NO_PP_RUN' - If this variable exists, then when invoked with the - `--pretty-print' option, `gawk' skips running the program. This - variable will not survive into the next major release. - `GAWK_STACKSIZE' This specifies the amount by which `gawk' should grow its internal evaluation stack, when needed. @@ -10175,10 +10168,18 @@ Options::), they are not special. An associative array containing the values of the environment. The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of the particular environment variables. For - example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `"/home/arnold"'. Changing - this array does not affect the environment passed on to any - programs that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()' - function. (In a future version of `gawk', it may do so.) + example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'. + + For POSIX `awk', changing this array does not affect the + environment passed on to any programs that `awk' may spawn via + redirection or the `system()' function. + + However, beginning with version 4.2, if not in POSIX compatibility + mode, `gawk' does update its own environment when `ENVIRON' is + changed, thus changing the environment seen by programs that it + creates. You should therefore be especially careful if you modify + `ENVIRON["PATH"]"', which is the search path for finding + executable programs. Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for @@ -11696,6 +11697,21 @@ brackets ([ ]): `cos(X)' Return the cosine of X, with X in radians. +`div(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' + Perform integer division, similar to the standard C function of the + same name. First, truncate `numerator' and `denominator' towards + zero, creating integer values. Clear the `result' array, and then + set `result["quotient"]' to the result of `numerator / + denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set + `result["remainder"]' to the result of `numerator % denominator', + truncated towards zero to an integer. This function is primarily + intended for use with arbitrary length integers; it avoids + creating MPFR arbitrary precision floating-point values (*note + Arbitrary Precision Integers::). + + This function is a `gawk' extension. It is not available in + compatibility mode (*note Options::). + `exp(X)' Return the exponential of X (`e ^ X') or report an error if X is out of range. The range of values X can have depends on your @@ -19622,8 +19638,8 @@ by the `Ctrl-<\>' key. called this way, `gawk' "pretty prints" the program into `awkprof.out', without any execution counts. - NOTE: The `--pretty-print' option still runs your program. This - will change in the next major release. + NOTE: Once upon a time, the `--pretty-print' option would also run + your program. This is is no longer the case. File: gawk.info, Node: Advanced Features Summary, Prev: Profiling, Up: Advanced Features @@ -22085,6 +22101,29 @@ just use the following: gawk -M 'BEGIN { n = 13; print n % 2 }' + When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either `/' or +`%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point +value (unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In +order to do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision +integers, use the built-in `div()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). + + You can simulate the `div()' function in standard `awk' using this +user-defined function: + + # div --- do integer division + + function div(numerator, denominator, result, i) + { + split("", result) + + numerator = int(numerator) + denominator = int(denominator) + result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) + result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) + + return 0.0 + } + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) Weisstein, Eric W. `Sylvester's Sequence'. From MathWorld--A @@ -27014,7 +27053,9 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files `doc/igawk.1' The `troff' source for a manual page describing the `igawk' - program presented in *note Igawk Program::. + program presented in *note Igawk Program::. (Since `gawk' can do + its own `@include' processing, neither `igawk' nor `igawk.1' are + installed.) `doc/Makefile.in' The input file used during the configuration process to generate @@ -27056,11 +27097,10 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files contains a `Makefile.in' file, which `configure' uses to generate a `Makefile'. `Makefile.am' is used by GNU Automake to create `Makefile.in'. The library functions from *note Library - Functions::, and the `igawk' program from *note Igawk Program::, - are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' distribution. - They are installed as part of the installation process. The rest - of the programs in this Info file are available in appropriate - subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. + Functions::, are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' + distribution. They are installed as part of the installation + process. The rest of the programs in this Info file are available + in appropriate subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. `extension/*' The source code, manual pages, and infrastructure files for the @@ -30993,20 +31033,20 @@ Index * --include option: Options. (line 159) * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 185) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) -* --lint-old option: Options. (line 295) +* --lint-old option: Options. (line 293) * --load option: Options. (line 173) * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 211) * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data. (line 36) -* --optimize option: Options. (line 237) -* --posix option: Options. (line 254) -* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 273) +* --optimize option: Options. (line 235) +* --posix option: Options. (line 252) +* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 271) * --pretty-print option: Options. (line 224) * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 12) -* --profile option: Options. (line 242) -* --re-interval option: Options. (line 279) -* --sandbox option: Options. (line 286) +* --profile option: Options. (line 240) +* --re-interval option: Options. (line 277) +* --sandbox option: Options. (line 284) * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions. (line 97) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) @@ -31014,9 +31054,9 @@ Index (line 6) * --source option: Options. (line 117) * --traditional option: Options. (line 81) -* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 273) +* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 271) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 219) -* --version option: Options. (line 300) +* --version option: Options. (line 298) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 35) * -b option: Options. (line 68) @@ -31024,32 +31064,32 @@ Index * -c option: Options. (line 81) * -D option: Options. (line 108) * -d option: Options. (line 93) -* -e option: Options. (line 335) +* -e option: Options. (line 333) * -E option: Options. (line 125) * -e option: Options. (line 117) * -f option: Options. (line 25) * -F option: Options. (line 21) * -f option: Long. (line 12) -* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 308) +* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 306) * -F option, command-line: Command Line Field Separator. (line 6) -* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 313) +* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 311) * -g option: Options. (line 147) * -h option: Options. (line 154) * -i option: Options. (line 159) -* -L option: Options. (line 295) +* -L option: Options. (line 293) * -l option: Options. (line 173) * -M option: Options. (line 205) * -N option: Options. (line 219) * -n option: Options. (line 211) -* -O option: Options. (line 237) +* -O option: Options. (line 235) * -o option: Options. (line 224) -* -P option: Options. (line 254) -* -p option: Options. (line 242) -* -r option: Options. (line 279) -* -S option: Options. (line 286) +* -P option: Options. (line 252) +* -p option: Options. (line 240) +* -r option: Options. (line 277) +* -S option: Options. (line 284) * -v option: Assignment Options. (line 12) -* -V option: Options. (line 300) +* -V option: Options. (line 298) * -v option: Options. (line 32) * -W option: Options. (line 46) * . (period), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44) @@ -31321,7 +31361,7 @@ Index * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 24) * awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108) * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 137) -* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 242) +* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 240) * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6) * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12) @@ -31727,7 +31767,7 @@ Index * cosine: Numeric Functions. (line 15) * counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) -* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 353) +* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 351) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 25) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 74) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -31762,9 +31802,9 @@ Index * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 98) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 301) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 309) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -31910,7 +31950,7 @@ Index * debugger, read commands from a file: Debugger Info. (line 96) * debugging awk programs: Debugger. (line 6) * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) -* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 270) +* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 268) * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 71) @@ -31949,12 +31989,12 @@ Index (line 81) * differences in awk and gawk, command-line directories: Command-line directories. (line 6) -* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 37) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 115) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 123) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -31977,7 +32017,7 @@ Index (line 260) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 128) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 136) * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records. (line 124) @@ -31987,7 +32027,7 @@ Index (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 257) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 265) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -31995,7 +32035,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 77) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 261) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 269) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 152) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -32011,6 +32051,7 @@ Index * display debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 8) * display debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 57) +* div: Numeric Functions. (line 18) * division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * do-while statement: Do Statement. (line 6) * do-while statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19) @@ -32035,8 +32076,8 @@ Index * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) -* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 133) -* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 137) +* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 141) +* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 145) * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6) * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 24) * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54) @@ -32092,13 +32133,13 @@ Index (line 11) * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 24) * ERRNO variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * ERRNO variable, with close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 139) * ERRNO variable, with getline command: Getline. (line 19) * error handling: Special FD. (line 16) -* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 74) +* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 82) * error output: Special FD. (line 6) * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -32131,10 +32172,10 @@ Index * exit status, of VMS: VMS Running. (line 29) * exit the debugger: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expand utility: Very Simple. (line 69) * Expat XML parser library: gawkextlib. (line 35) -* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expressions: Expressions. (line 6) * expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 6) * expressions, assignment: Assignment Ops. (line 6) @@ -32152,7 +32193,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 224) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 232) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -32231,7 +32272,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 46) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 98) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -32299,9 +32340,9 @@ Index * flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 99) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 107) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 301) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 309) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -32338,7 +32379,7 @@ Index * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) -* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 266) +* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 264) * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 35) * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 68) * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -32351,7 +32392,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 61) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 115) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 123) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function definition example: Function Example. (line 6) @@ -32401,7 +32442,7 @@ Index * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 92) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) * gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 199) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 207) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 12) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21) @@ -32422,13 +32463,13 @@ Index * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents. (line 6) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 74) +* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 82) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 139) * gawk, ERRNO variable in: Getline. (line 19) * gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 128) -* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 254) +* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 252) * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6) * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 71) @@ -32439,7 +32480,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 27) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 115) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 123) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -32470,7 +32511,7 @@ Index * gawk, OS/2 version of: PC Using. (line 16) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 128) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 136) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -32478,18 +32519,18 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 162) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 257) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 124) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 88) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 261) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 269) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 152) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) -* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 300) +* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 298) * gawk, VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 63) @@ -32571,7 +32612,7 @@ Index * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) -* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 172) +* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 180) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 139) * gsub: Using Constant Regexps. @@ -32670,7 +32711,7 @@ Index * installation, VMS: VMS Installation. (line 6) * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 89) -* int: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* int: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) @@ -32800,7 +32841,7 @@ Index * lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16) * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 185) * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. - (line 338) + (line 336) * lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 88) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 88) @@ -32814,14 +32855,14 @@ Index * loading, extensions: Options. (line 173) * local variables, in a function: Variable Scope. (line 6) * locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81) -* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 270) +* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 268) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 30) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 45) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 30) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 45) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -32862,7 +32903,7 @@ Index * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) * mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 128) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 213) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 221) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 149) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) @@ -32875,7 +32916,7 @@ Index * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) * metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 134) -* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 216) +* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 224) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -32898,7 +32939,7 @@ Index * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 67) -* newlines <2>: Options. (line 260) +* newlines <2>: Options. (line 258) * newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6) * newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) @@ -32927,7 +32968,7 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 112) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -32936,9 +32977,9 @@ Index * non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements. (line 23) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 123) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 131) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 301) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 309) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -33053,7 +33094,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 181) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 189) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 80) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33120,7 +33161,7 @@ Index * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 60) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) -* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 358) +* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 356) * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 510) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 37) @@ -33169,11 +33210,11 @@ Index * POSIX awk, regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 162) * POSIX awk, timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6) * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 55) -* POSIX mode: Options. (line 254) +* POSIX mode: Options. (line 252) * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 21) * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 338) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 336) * PREC variable: User-modified. (line 124) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 60) @@ -33216,24 +33257,24 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 175) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 178) +* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 183) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 186) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 128) +* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 136) * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15) * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions. (line 161) -* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 234) +* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 242) * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 179) -* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 146) +* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 154) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. (line 36) @@ -33277,12 +33318,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 35) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 50) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 35) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 65) + (line 50) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 80) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 65) @@ -33352,7 +33393,7 @@ Index (line 59) * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 70) -* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 279) +* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 277) * regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest. (line 6) * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6) @@ -33392,7 +33433,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 52) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 244) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 252) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 224) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) @@ -33410,7 +33451,7 @@ Index * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39) * Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 92) * Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 42) -* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * round() user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16) * rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6) * ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 128) @@ -33418,9 +33459,9 @@ Index * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 52) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 250) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 258) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 224) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 257) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 265) * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 124) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15) @@ -33433,14 +33474,14 @@ Index (line 68) * sample debugging session: Sample Debugging Session. (line 6) -* sandbox mode: Options. (line 286) +* sandbox mode: Options. (line 284) * save debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 84) * scalar or array: Type Functions. (line 11) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133) -* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 284) +* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 292) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -33460,7 +33501,7 @@ Index * sed utility <2>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 65) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 80) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) @@ -33525,7 +33566,7 @@ Index (line 114) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Field Splitting Summary. (line 38) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 299) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 307) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 138) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. @@ -33562,8 +33603,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 76) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 76) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 91) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 91) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 33) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -33613,10 +33654,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 114) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 79) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 94) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 79) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 83) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 94) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 98) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 296) * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 23) @@ -33688,9 +33729,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 479) * substring: String Functions. (line 479) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 64) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 229) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 237) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 261) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 269) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system: I/O Functions. (line 75) @@ -33868,10 +33909,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 199) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 224) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 210) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 206) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 207) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 232) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 218) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 214) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9) @@ -33905,7 +33946,7 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) -* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 260) +* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 258) * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 34) * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 79) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 27) @@ -33999,510 +34040,510 @@ Node: Intro Summary109829 Node: Invoking Gawk110595 Node: Command Line112110 Node: Options112901 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1128699 -Node: Other Arguments128724 -Node: Naming Standard Input131386 -Node: Environment Variables132479 -Node: AWKPATH Variable133037 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1135903 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2135948 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable136208 -Node: Other Environment Variables136967 -Node: Exit Status140624 -Node: Include Files141299 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries144877 -Node: Obsolete146261 -Node: Undocumented146958 -Node: Invoking Summary147225 -Node: Regexp148825 -Node: Regexp Usage150275 -Node: Escape Sequences152308 -Node: Regexp Operators158139 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1165619 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2165766 -Node: Bracket Expressions165864 -Ref: table-char-classes167754 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators170694 -Node: Case-sensitivity174417 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1177309 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2177544 -Node: Leftmost Longest177652 -Node: Computed Regexps178853 -Node: Regexp Summary182225 -Node: Reading Files183694 -Node: Records185786 -Node: awk split records186529 -Node: gawk split records191387 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1195908 -Node: Fields195945 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1198909 -Node: Nonconstant Fields198995 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1201225 -Node: Changing Fields201427 -Node: Field Separators207381 -Node: Default Field Splitting210083 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting211200 -Node: Single Character Fields214541 -Node: Command Line Field Separator215600 -Node: Full Line Fields219026 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1219534 -Node: Field Splitting Summary219580 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1222712 -Node: Constant Size222813 -Node: Splitting By Content227419 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1231492 -Node: Multiple Line231532 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1237388 -Node: Getline237567 -Node: Plain Getline239783 -Node: Getline/Variable241878 -Node: Getline/File243025 -Node: Getline/Variable/File244409 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1246008 -Node: Getline/Pipe246095 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe248794 -Node: Getline/Coprocess249901 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess251153 -Node: Getline Notes251890 -Node: Getline Summary254694 -Ref: table-getline-variants255102 -Node: Read Timeout256014 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1259841 -Node: Command-line directories259899 -Node: Input Summary260803 -Node: Input Exercises263940 -Node: Printing264673 -Node: Print266395 -Node: Print Examples267736 -Node: Output Separators270515 -Node: OFMT272531 -Node: Printf273889 -Node: Basic Printf274795 -Node: Control Letters276334 -Node: Format Modifiers280325 -Node: Printf Examples286352 -Node: Redirection288816 -Node: Special Files295788 -Node: Special FD296321 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1299918 -Node: Special Network299992 -Node: Special Caveats300842 -Node: Close Files And Pipes301638 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1308799 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2308947 -Node: Output Summary309097 -Node: Output exercises310094 -Node: Expressions310774 -Node: Values311959 -Node: Constants312635 -Node: Scalar Constants313315 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1314174 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers314424 -Node: Regexp Constants317424 -Node: Using Constant Regexps317899 -Node: Variables320971 -Node: Using Variables321626 -Node: Assignment Options323350 -Node: Conversion325225 -Node: Strings And Numbers325749 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1328811 -Node: Locale influences conversions328920 -Ref: table-locale-affects331637 -Node: All Operators332225 -Node: Arithmetic Ops332855 -Node: Concatenation335360 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1338179 -Node: Assignment Ops338299 -Ref: table-assign-ops343282 -Node: Increment Ops344599 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions348037 -Node: Truth Values349120 -Node: Typing and Comparison350169 -Node: Variable Typing350962 -Node: Comparison Operators354614 -Ref: table-relational-ops355024 -Node: POSIX String Comparison358574 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1359658 -Node: Boolean Ops359796 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1363866 -Node: Conditional Exp363957 -Node: Function Calls365684 -Node: Precedence369564 -Node: Locales373233 -Node: Expressions Summary374864 -Node: Patterns and Actions377405 -Node: Pattern Overview378521 -Node: Regexp Patterns380198 -Node: Expression Patterns380741 -Node: Ranges384522 -Node: BEGIN/END387628 -Node: Using BEGIN/END388390 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1391126 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END391232 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE393517 -Node: Empty396448 -Node: Using Shell Variables396765 -Node: Action Overview399048 -Node: Statements401375 -Node: If Statement403223 -Node: While Statement404721 -Node: Do Statement406765 -Node: For Statement407921 -Node: Switch Statement411073 -Node: Break Statement413461 -Node: Continue Statement415516 -Node: Next Statement417355 -Node: Nextfile Statement419745 -Node: Exit Statement422400 -Node: Built-in Variables424804 -Node: User-modified425931 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1433620 -Node: Auto-set433682 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1446264 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2446469 -Node: ARGC and ARGV446525 -Node: Pattern Action Summary450429 -Node: Arrays452652 -Node: Array Basics454201 -Node: Array Intro455027 -Ref: figure-array-elements457000 -Node: Reference to Elements459407 -Node: Assigning Elements461786 -Node: Array Example462277 -Node: Scanning an Array464009 -Node: Controlling Scanning467024 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1472197 -Node: Delete472513 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1475278 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts475335 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts477518 -Node: Multidimensional479143 -Node: Multiscanning482256 -Node: Arrays of Arrays483845 -Node: Arrays Summary488508 -Node: Functions490613 -Node: Built-in491486 -Node: Calling Built-in492564 -Node: Numeric Functions494552 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1498586 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2498943 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3498991 -Node: String Functions499260 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1522271 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2522400 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3522648 -Node: Gory Details522735 -Ref: table-sub-escapes524522 -Ref: table-sub-proposed526042 -Ref: table-posix-sub527406 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes528946 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1530122 -Node: I/O Functions530273 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1537396 -Node: Time Functions537543 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1548007 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2548075 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3548233 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4548344 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5548456 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6548683 -Node: Bitwise Functions548949 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops549511 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1553756 -Node: Type Functions553940 -Node: I18N Functions555082 -Node: User-defined556727 -Node: Definition Syntax557531 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1562710 -Node: Function Example562779 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1565419 -Node: Function Caveats565441 -Node: Calling A Function565959 -Node: Variable Scope566914 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference569902 -Node: Return Statement573412 -Node: Dynamic Typing576396 -Node: Indirect Calls577325 -Node: Functions Summary587038 -Node: Library Functions589577 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1593195 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2593338 -Node: Library Names593509 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1596982 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2597202 -Node: General Functions597288 -Node: Strtonum Function598316 -Node: Assert Function601096 -Node: Round Function604422 -Node: Cliff Random Function605963 -Node: Ordinal Functions606979 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1610056 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2610308 -Node: Join Function610519 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1612290 -Node: Getlocaltime Function612490 -Node: Readfile Function616226 -Node: Data File Management618065 -Node: Filetrans Function618697 -Node: Rewind Function622766 -Node: File Checking624324 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1625456 -Node: Empty Files625657 -Node: Ignoring Assigns627636 -Node: Getopt Function629190 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1640493 -Node: Passwd Functions640696 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1649675 -Node: Group Functions649763 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1657704 -Node: Walking Arrays657917 -Node: Library Functions Summary659520 -Node: Library exercises660908 -Node: Sample Programs662188 -Node: Running Examples662958 -Node: Clones663686 -Node: Cut Program664910 -Node: Egrep Program674778 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1682749 -Node: Id Program682859 -Node: Split Program686523 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1690061 -Node: Tee Program690189 -Node: Uniq Program692996 -Node: Wc Program700426 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1704691 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs704783 -Node: Dupword Program705996 -Node: Alarm Program708027 -Node: Translate Program712841 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1717232 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2717502 -Node: Labels Program717636 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1721007 -Node: Word Sorting721091 -Node: History Sorting725134 -Node: Extract Program726970 -Node: Simple Sed734506 -Node: Igawk Program737568 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1751872 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2752073 -Node: Anagram Program752211 -Node: Signature Program755279 -Node: Programs Summary756526 -Node: Programs Exercises757741 -Node: Advanced Features761392 -Node: Nondecimal Data763340 -Node: Array Sorting764917 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal765614 -Node: Array Sorting Functions773894 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1777801 -Node: Two-way I/O777995 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1782939 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2783118 -Node: TCP/IP Networking783200 -Node: Profiling786045 -Node: Advanced Features Summary793587 -Node: Internationalization795451 -Node: I18N and L10N796931 -Node: Explaining gettext797617 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1802757 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2802941 -Node: Programmer i18n803106 -Node: Translator i18n807331 -Node: String Extraction808125 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1809086 -Node: Printf Ordering809172 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1811954 -Node: I18N Portability812018 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1814467 -Node: I18N Example814530 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1817252 -Node: Gawk I18N817324 -Node: I18N Summary817962 -Node: Debugger819301 -Node: Debugging820323 -Node: Debugging Concepts820764 -Node: Debugging Terms822620 -Node: Awk Debugging825217 -Node: Sample Debugging Session826109 -Node: Debugger Invocation826629 -Node: Finding The Bug827962 -Node: List of Debugger Commands834444 -Node: Breakpoint Control835776 -Node: Debugger Execution Control839440 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data842800 -Node: Execution Stack846158 -Node: Debugger Info847671 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands851665 -Node: Readline Support856849 -Node: Limitations857741 -Node: Debugging Summary860015 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic861183 -Node: Computer Arithmetic862670 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1867057 -Node: Math Definitions867114 -Ref: table-ieee-formats870403 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1870943 -Node: MPFR features871046 -Node: FP Math Caution872663 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1873713 -Node: Inexactness of computations874082 -Node: Inexact representation875030 -Node: Comparing FP Values876385 -Node: Errors accumulate877349 -Node: Getting Accuracy878782 -Node: Try To Round881441 -Node: Setting precision882340 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings883022 -Node: Setting the rounding mode884815 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes885179 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1888633 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers888812 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1891793 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems891942 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1895818 -Node: Floating point summary895856 -Node: Dynamic Extensions898060 -Node: Extension Intro899612 -Node: Plugin License900877 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline901562 -Ref: figure-load-extension901986 -Ref: figure-load-new-function903471 -Ref: figure-call-new-function904473 -Node: Extension API Description906457 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction907907 -Node: General Data Types912774 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1918467 -Node: Requesting Values918766 -Ref: table-value-types-returned919503 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions920461 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1923208 -Node: Constructor Functions923304 -Node: Registration Functions925062 -Node: Extension Functions925747 -Node: Exit Callback Functions928049 -Node: Extension Version String929297 -Node: Input Parsers929947 -Node: Output Wrappers939761 -Node: Two-way processors944277 -Node: Printing Messages946481 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1947558 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'947710 -Node: Accessing Parameters948449 -Node: Symbol Table Access949679 -Node: Symbol table by name950193 -Node: Symbol table by cookie952169 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1956302 -Node: Cached values956365 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1959869 -Node: Array Manipulation959960 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1961058 -Node: Array Data Types961097 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1963800 -Node: Array Functions963892 -Node: Flattening Arrays967766 -Node: Creating Arrays974618 -Node: Extension API Variables979349 -Node: Extension Versioning979985 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables981886 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate982972 -Node: Finding Extensions986776 -Node: Extension Example987336 -Node: Internal File Description988066 -Node: Internal File Ops992157 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11003589 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1003729 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11006076 -Node: Extension Samples1006344 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1007868 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1015436 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1016918 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1018131 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1019806 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1020642 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1021498 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1022297 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1022888 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1023629 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1025508 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1026608 -Node: Extension Sample Time1027133 -Node: gawkextlib1028448 -Node: Extension summary1031261 -Node: Extension Exercises1034954 -Node: Language History1035676 -Node: V7/SVR3.11037319 -Node: SVR41039639 -Node: POSIX1041081 -Node: BTL1042467 -Node: POSIX/GNU1043201 -Node: Feature History1048942 -Node: Common Extensions1062072 -Node: Ranges and Locales1063384 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11068001 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21068028 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31068262 -Node: Contributors1068483 -Node: History summary1073908 -Node: Installation1075277 -Node: Gawk Distribution1076228 -Node: Getting1076712 -Node: Extracting1077536 -Node: Distribution contents1079178 -Node: Unix Installation1084895 -Node: Quick Installation1085512 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1087954 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1089692 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1092043 -Node: PC Installation1092501 -Node: PC Binary Installation1093812 -Node: PC Compiling1095660 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11098659 -Node: PC Testing1098764 -Node: PC Using1099940 -Node: Cygwin1104092 -Node: MSYS1104901 -Node: VMS Installation1105415 -Node: VMS Compilation1106211 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11107433 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1107491 -Node: VMS Installation Details1108864 -Node: VMS Running1111116 -Node: VMS GNV1113950 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1114673 -Node: Bugs1115143 -Node: Other Versions1119147 -Node: Installation summary1125402 -Node: Notes1126458 -Node: Compatibility Mode1127323 -Node: Additions1128105 -Node: Accessing The Source1129030 -Node: Adding Code1130466 -Node: New Ports1136644 -Node: Derived Files1141125 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11146206 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21146240 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31146836 -Node: Future Extensions1146950 -Node: Implementation Limitations1147556 -Node: Extension Design1148804 -Node: Old Extension Problems1149958 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11151475 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1151532 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11154892 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1155081 -Node: Extension Future Growth1157187 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1158023 -Node: Notes summary1159785 -Node: Basic Concepts1160971 -Node: Basic High Level1161652 -Ref: figure-general-flow1161924 -Ref: figure-process-flow1162523 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11165752 -Node: Basic Data Typing1165937 -Node: Glossary1169265 -Node: Copying1194417 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1231973 -Node: Index1257109 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1128570 +Node: Other Arguments128595 +Node: Naming Standard Input131257 +Node: Environment Variables132350 +Node: AWKPATH Variable132908 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1135774 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2135819 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable136079 +Node: Other Environment Variables136838 +Node: Exit Status140290 +Node: Include Files140965 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries144543 +Node: Obsolete145927 +Node: Undocumented146624 +Node: Invoking Summary146891 +Node: Regexp148491 +Node: Regexp Usage149941 +Node: Escape Sequences151974 +Node: Regexp Operators157805 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1165285 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2165432 +Node: Bracket Expressions165530 +Ref: table-char-classes167420 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators170360 +Node: Case-sensitivity174083 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1176975 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2177210 +Node: Leftmost Longest177318 +Node: Computed Regexps178519 +Node: Regexp Summary181891 +Node: Reading Files183360 +Node: Records185452 +Node: awk split records186195 +Node: gawk split records191053 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1195574 +Node: Fields195611 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1198575 +Node: Nonconstant Fields198661 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1200891 +Node: Changing Fields201093 +Node: Field Separators207047 +Node: Default Field Splitting209749 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting210866 +Node: Single Character Fields214207 +Node: Command Line Field Separator215266 +Node: Full Line Fields218692 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1219200 +Node: Field Splitting Summary219246 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1222378 +Node: Constant Size222479 +Node: Splitting By Content227085 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1231158 +Node: Multiple Line231198 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1237054 +Node: Getline237233 +Node: Plain Getline239449 +Node: Getline/Variable241544 +Node: Getline/File242691 +Node: Getline/Variable/File244075 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1245674 +Node: Getline/Pipe245761 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe248460 +Node: Getline/Coprocess249567 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess250819 +Node: Getline Notes251556 +Node: Getline Summary254360 +Ref: table-getline-variants254768 +Node: Read Timeout255680 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1259507 +Node: Command-line directories259565 +Node: Input Summary260469 +Node: Input Exercises263606 +Node: Printing264339 +Node: Print266061 +Node: Print Examples267402 +Node: Output Separators270181 +Node: OFMT272197 +Node: Printf273555 +Node: Basic Printf274461 +Node: Control Letters276000 +Node: Format Modifiers279991 +Node: Printf Examples286018 +Node: Redirection288482 +Node: Special Files295454 +Node: Special FD295987 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1299584 +Node: Special Network299658 +Node: Special Caveats300508 +Node: Close Files And Pipes301304 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1308465 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2308613 +Node: Output Summary308763 +Node: Output exercises309760 +Node: Expressions310440 +Node: Values311625 +Node: Constants312301 +Node: Scalar Constants312981 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1313840 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers314090 +Node: Regexp Constants317090 +Node: Using Constant Regexps317565 +Node: Variables320637 +Node: Using Variables321292 +Node: Assignment Options323016 +Node: Conversion324891 +Node: Strings And Numbers325415 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1328477 +Node: Locale influences conversions328586 +Ref: table-locale-affects331303 +Node: All Operators331891 +Node: Arithmetic Ops332521 +Node: Concatenation335026 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1337845 +Node: Assignment Ops337965 +Ref: table-assign-ops342948 +Node: Increment Ops344265 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions347703 +Node: Truth Values348786 +Node: Typing and Comparison349835 +Node: Variable Typing350628 +Node: Comparison Operators354280 +Ref: table-relational-ops354690 +Node: POSIX String Comparison358240 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1359324 +Node: Boolean Ops359462 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1363532 +Node: Conditional Exp363623 +Node: Function Calls365350 +Node: Precedence369230 +Node: Locales372899 +Node: Expressions Summary374530 +Node: Patterns and Actions377071 +Node: Pattern Overview378187 +Node: Regexp Patterns379864 +Node: Expression Patterns380407 +Node: Ranges384188 +Node: BEGIN/END387294 +Node: Using BEGIN/END388056 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1390792 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END390898 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE393183 +Node: Empty396114 +Node: Using Shell Variables396431 +Node: Action Overview398714 +Node: Statements401041 +Node: If Statement402889 +Node: While Statement404387 +Node: Do Statement406431 +Node: For Statement407587 +Node: Switch Statement410739 +Node: Break Statement413127 +Node: Continue Statement415182 +Node: Next Statement417021 +Node: Nextfile Statement419411 +Node: Exit Statement422066 +Node: Built-in Variables424470 +Node: User-modified425597 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1433286 +Node: Auto-set433348 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1446267 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2446472 +Node: ARGC and ARGV446528 +Node: Pattern Action Summary450432 +Node: Arrays452655 +Node: Array Basics454204 +Node: Array Intro455030 +Ref: figure-array-elements457003 +Node: Reference to Elements459410 +Node: Assigning Elements461789 +Node: Array Example462280 +Node: Scanning an Array464012 +Node: Controlling Scanning467027 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1472200 +Node: Delete472516 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1475281 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts475338 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts477521 +Node: Multidimensional479146 +Node: Multiscanning482259 +Node: Arrays of Arrays483848 +Node: Arrays Summary488511 +Node: Functions490616 +Node: Built-in491489 +Node: Calling Built-in492567 +Node: Numeric Functions494555 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1499391 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2499748 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3499796 +Node: String Functions500065 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1523076 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2523205 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3523453 +Node: Gory Details523540 +Ref: table-sub-escapes525327 +Ref: table-sub-proposed526847 +Ref: table-posix-sub528211 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes529751 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1530927 +Node: I/O Functions531078 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1538201 +Node: Time Functions538348 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1548812 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2548880 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3549038 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4549149 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5549261 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6549488 +Node: Bitwise Functions549754 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops550316 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1554561 +Node: Type Functions554745 +Node: I18N Functions555887 +Node: User-defined557532 +Node: Definition Syntax558336 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1563515 +Node: Function Example563584 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1566224 +Node: Function Caveats566246 +Node: Calling A Function566764 +Node: Variable Scope567719 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference570707 +Node: Return Statement574217 +Node: Dynamic Typing577201 +Node: Indirect Calls578130 +Node: Functions Summary587843 +Node: Library Functions590382 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1594000 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2594143 +Node: Library Names594314 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1597787 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2598007 +Node: General Functions598093 +Node: Strtonum Function599121 +Node: Assert Function601901 +Node: Round Function605227 +Node: Cliff Random Function606768 +Node: Ordinal Functions607784 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1610861 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2611113 +Node: Join Function611324 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1613095 +Node: Getlocaltime Function613295 +Node: Readfile Function617031 +Node: Data File Management618870 +Node: Filetrans Function619502 +Node: Rewind Function623571 +Node: File Checking625129 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1626261 +Node: Empty Files626462 +Node: Ignoring Assigns628441 +Node: Getopt Function629995 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1641298 +Node: Passwd Functions641501 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1650480 +Node: Group Functions650568 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1658509 +Node: Walking Arrays658722 +Node: Library Functions Summary660325 +Node: Library exercises661713 +Node: Sample Programs662993 +Node: Running Examples663763 +Node: Clones664491 +Node: Cut Program665715 +Node: Egrep Program675583 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1683554 +Node: Id Program683664 +Node: Split Program687328 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1690866 +Node: Tee Program690994 +Node: Uniq Program693801 +Node: Wc Program701231 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1705496 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs705588 +Node: Dupword Program706801 +Node: Alarm Program708832 +Node: Translate Program713646 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1718037 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2718307 +Node: Labels Program718441 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1721812 +Node: Word Sorting721896 +Node: History Sorting725939 +Node: Extract Program727775 +Node: Simple Sed735311 +Node: Igawk Program738373 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1752677 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2752878 +Node: Anagram Program753016 +Node: Signature Program756084 +Node: Programs Summary757331 +Node: Programs Exercises758546 +Node: Advanced Features762197 +Node: Nondecimal Data764145 +Node: Array Sorting765722 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal766419 +Node: Array Sorting Functions774699 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1778606 +Node: Two-way I/O778800 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1783744 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2783923 +Node: TCP/IP Networking784005 +Node: Profiling786850 +Node: Advanced Features Summary794401 +Node: Internationalization796265 +Node: I18N and L10N797745 +Node: Explaining gettext798431 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1803571 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2803755 +Node: Programmer i18n803920 +Node: Translator i18n808145 +Node: String Extraction808939 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1809900 +Node: Printf Ordering809986 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1812768 +Node: I18N Portability812832 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1815281 +Node: I18N Example815344 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1818066 +Node: Gawk I18N818138 +Node: I18N Summary818776 +Node: Debugger820115 +Node: Debugging821137 +Node: Debugging Concepts821578 +Node: Debugging Terms823434 +Node: Awk Debugging826031 +Node: Sample Debugging Session826923 +Node: Debugger Invocation827443 +Node: Finding The Bug828776 +Node: List of Debugger Commands835258 +Node: Breakpoint Control836590 +Node: Debugger Execution Control840254 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data843614 +Node: Execution Stack846972 +Node: Debugger Info848485 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands852479 +Node: Readline Support857663 +Node: Limitations858555 +Node: Debugging Summary860829 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic861997 +Node: Computer Arithmetic863484 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1867871 +Node: Math Definitions867928 +Ref: table-ieee-formats871217 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1871757 +Node: MPFR features871860 +Node: FP Math Caution873477 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1874527 +Node: Inexactness of computations874896 +Node: Inexact representation875844 +Node: Comparing FP Values877199 +Node: Errors accumulate878163 +Node: Getting Accuracy879596 +Node: Try To Round882255 +Node: Setting precision883154 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings883836 +Node: Setting the rounding mode885629 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes885993 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1889447 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers889626 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1893399 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems893548 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1897424 +Node: Floating point summary897462 +Node: Dynamic Extensions899666 +Node: Extension Intro901218 +Node: Plugin License902483 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline903168 +Ref: figure-load-extension903592 +Ref: figure-load-new-function905077 +Ref: figure-call-new-function906079 +Node: Extension API Description908063 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction909513 +Node: General Data Types914380 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1920073 +Node: Requesting Values920372 +Ref: table-value-types-returned921109 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions922067 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1924814 +Node: Constructor Functions924910 +Node: Registration Functions926668 +Node: Extension Functions927353 +Node: Exit Callback Functions929655 +Node: Extension Version String930903 +Node: Input Parsers931553 +Node: Output Wrappers941367 +Node: Two-way processors945883 +Node: Printing Messages948087 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1949164 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'949316 +Node: Accessing Parameters950055 +Node: Symbol Table Access951285 +Node: Symbol table by name951799 +Node: Symbol table by cookie953775 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1957908 +Node: Cached values957971 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1961475 +Node: Array Manipulation961566 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1962664 +Node: Array Data Types962703 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1965406 +Node: Array Functions965498 +Node: Flattening Arrays969372 +Node: Creating Arrays976224 +Node: Extension API Variables980955 +Node: Extension Versioning981591 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables983492 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate984578 +Node: Finding Extensions988382 +Node: Extension Example988942 +Node: Internal File Description989672 +Node: Internal File Ops993763 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11005195 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1005335 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11007682 +Node: Extension Samples1007950 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1009474 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1017042 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1018524 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1019737 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1021412 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1022248 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1023104 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1023903 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1024494 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1025235 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1027114 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1028214 +Node: Extension Sample Time1028739 +Node: gawkextlib1030054 +Node: Extension summary1032867 +Node: Extension Exercises1036560 +Node: Language History1037282 +Node: V7/SVR3.11038925 +Node: SVR41041245 +Node: POSIX1042687 +Node: BTL1044073 +Node: POSIX/GNU1044807 +Node: Feature History1050548 +Node: Common Extensions1063678 +Node: Ranges and Locales1064990 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11069607 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21069634 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31069868 +Node: Contributors1070089 +Node: History summary1075514 +Node: Installation1076883 +Node: Gawk Distribution1077834 +Node: Getting1078318 +Node: Extracting1079142 +Node: Distribution contents1080784 +Node: Unix Installation1086554 +Node: Quick Installation1087171 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1089613 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1091351 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1093702 +Node: PC Installation1094160 +Node: PC Binary Installation1095471 +Node: PC Compiling1097319 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11100318 +Node: PC Testing1100423 +Node: PC Using1101599 +Node: Cygwin1105751 +Node: MSYS1106560 +Node: VMS Installation1107074 +Node: VMS Compilation1107870 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11109092 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1109150 +Node: VMS Installation Details1110523 +Node: VMS Running1112775 +Node: VMS GNV1115609 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1116332 +Node: Bugs1116802 +Node: Other Versions1120806 +Node: Installation summary1127061 +Node: Notes1128117 +Node: Compatibility Mode1128982 +Node: Additions1129764 +Node: Accessing The Source1130689 +Node: Adding Code1132125 +Node: New Ports1138303 +Node: Derived Files1142784 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11147865 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21147899 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31148495 +Node: Future Extensions1148609 +Node: Implementation Limitations1149215 +Node: Extension Design1150463 +Node: Old Extension Problems1151617 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11153134 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1153191 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11156551 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1156740 +Node: Extension Future Growth1158846 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1159682 +Node: Notes summary1161444 +Node: Basic Concepts1162630 +Node: Basic High Level1163311 +Ref: figure-general-flow1163583 +Ref: figure-process-flow1164182 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11167411 +Node: Basic Data Typing1167596 +Node: Glossary1170924 +Node: Copying1196076 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1233632 +Node: Index1258768 End Tag Table |