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diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 6dd1e2cc..bd4f7f95 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -10205,7 +10205,7 @@ with a pound sign (`#'): The REGEXP argument may be either a regexp constant (`/.../') or a string constant (`"..."'). In the latter case, the string is - treated as a regexp to be matched. *note Computed Regexps::, for a + treated as a regexp to be matched. *Note Computed Regexps::, for a discussion of the difference between the two forms, and the implications for writing your program correctly. @@ -11834,7 +11834,7 @@ describes the underlying library `gawk' uses for internationalization, as well as how `gawk' makes internationalization features available at the `awk' program level. Having internationalization available at the `awk' level gives software developers additional flexibility--they are -no longer required to write in C when internationalization is a +no longer required to write in C or C++ when internationalization is a requirement. * Menu: @@ -11889,16 +11889,18 @@ in this order: no matter what the local language). 2. The programmer indicates the application's text domain (`"guide"') - to the `gettext' library, by calling the `textdomain' function. + to the `gettext' library, by calling the `textdomain()' function. 3. Messages from the application are extracted from the source code - and collected into a portable object file (`guide.po'), which - lists the strings and their translations. The translations are - initially empty. The original (usually English) messages serve as - the key for lookup of the translations. + and collected into a portable object template file (`guide.pot'), + which lists the strings and their translations. The translations + are initially empty. The original (usually English) messages + serve as the key for lookup of the translations. - 4. For each language with a translator, `guide.po' is copied and - translations are created and shipped with the application. + 4. For each language with a translator, `guide.pot' is copied to a + portable object file (`.po') and translations are created and + shipped with the application. For example, there might be a + `fr.po' for a French translation. 5. Each language's `.po' file is converted into a binary message object (`.mo') file. A message object file contains the original @@ -11912,9 +11914,9 @@ in this order: use `.mo' files in a different directory than the standard one by using the `bindtextdomain()' function. - 8. At runtime, `guide' looks up each string via a call to `gettext'. - The returned string is the translated string if available, or the - original string if not. + 8. At runtime, `guide' looks up each string via a call to + `gettext()'. The returned string is the translated string if + available, or the original string if not. 9. If necessary, it is possible to access messages from a different text domain than the one belonging to the application, without @@ -11922,27 +11924,29 @@ in this order: forth. In C (or C++), the string marking and dynamic translation lookup are -accomplished by wrapping each string in a call to `gettext': +accomplished by wrapping each string in a call to `gettext()': - printf(gettext("Don't Panic!\n")); + printf("%s", gettext("Don't Panic!\n")); The tools that extract messages from source code pull out all -strings enclosed in calls to `gettext'. +strings enclosed in calls to `gettext()'. - The GNU `gettext' developers, recognizing that typing `gettext' over -and over again is both painful and ugly to look at, use the macro `_' -(an underscore) to make things easier: + The GNU `gettext' developers, recognizing that typing `gettext(...)' +over and over again is both painful and ugly to look at, use the macro +`_' (an underscore) to make things easier: /* In the standard header file: */ #define _(str) gettext(str) /* In the program text: */ - printf(_("Don't Panic!\n")); + printf("%s", _("Don't Panic!\n")); This reduces the typing overhead to just three extra characters per -string and is considerably easier to read as well. There are locale -"categories" for different types of locale-related information. The -defined locale categories that `gettext' knows about are: +string and is considerably easier to read as well. + + There are locale "categories" for different types of locale-related +information. The defined locale categories that `gettext' knows about +are: `LC_MESSAGES' Text messages. This is the default category for `gettext' @@ -11983,13 +11987,12 @@ defined locale categories that `gettext' knows about are: ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) For some operating systems, the `gawk' port doesn't support GNU -`gettext'. This applies most notably to the PC operating systems. As -such, these features are not available if you are using one of those -operating systems. Sorry. +`gettext'. As such, these features are not available if you are using +one of those operating systems. Sorry. (2) Americans use a comma every three decimal places and a period for the decimal point, while many Europeans do exactly the opposite: -`1,234.56' versus `1.234,56'. +1,234.56 versus 1.234,56. File: gawk.info, Node: Programmer i18n, Next: Translator i18n, Prev: Explaining gettext, Up: Internationalization @@ -12034,7 +12037,8 @@ internationalization: message. The default value for DOMAIN is the current value of `TEXTDOMAIN'. The default value for CATEGORY is `"LC_MESSAGES"'. - The same remarks as for the `dcgettext()' function apply. + The same remarks about argument order as for the `dcgettext()' + function apply. `bindtextdomain(DIRECTORY [, DOMAIN])' This built-in function allows you to specify the directory in which @@ -12126,9 +12130,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: String Extraction, Next: Printf Ordering, Up: Translat Once your `awk' program is working, and all the strings have been marked and you've set (and perhaps bound) the text domain, it is time to produce translations. First, use the `--gen-pot' command-line -option to create the initial `.po' file: +option to create the initial `.pot' file: - $ gawk --gen-pot -f guide.awk > guide.po + $ gawk --gen-pot -f guide.awk > guide.pot When run with `--gen-pot', `gawk' does not execute your program. Instead, it parses it as usual and prints all marked strings to @@ -12140,8 +12144,8 @@ go through to create and test translations for `guide'. ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) Starting with `gettext' version 0.11.5, the `xgettext' utility -that comes with GNU `gettext' can handle `.awk' files. + (1) The `xgettext' utility that comes with GNU `gettext' can handle +`.awk' files. File: gawk.info, Node: Printf Ordering, Next: I18N Portability, Prev: String Extraction, Up: Translator i18n @@ -12160,7 +12164,7 @@ special problem for translation. Consider the following:(1) "%d Zeichen lang ist die Zeichenkette `%s'\n" The problem should be obvious: the order of the format -specifications is different from the original! Even though `gettext' +specifications is different from the original! Even though `gettext()' can return the translated string at runtime, it cannot change the argument order in the call to `printf'. @@ -12269,7 +12273,7 @@ actually almost portable, requiring very little change: } * The use of positional specifications in `printf' or `sprintf()' is - _not_ portable. To support `gettext' at the C level, many + _not_ portable. To support `gettext()' at the C level, many systems' C versions of `sprintf()' do support positional specifiers. But it works only if enough arguments are supplied in the function call. Many versions of `awk' pass `printf' formats @@ -12303,9 +12307,9 @@ source: print "Pardon me, Zaphod who?" } -Run `gawk --gen-pot' to create the `.po' file: +Run `gawk --gen-pot' to create the `.pot' file: - $ gawk --gen-pot -f guide.awk > guide.po + $ gawk --gen-pot -f guide.awk > guide.pot This produces: @@ -12317,17 +12321,17 @@ This produces: msgid "The Answer Is" msgstr "" - This original portable object file is saved and reused for each -language into which the application is translated. The `msgid' is the -original string and the `msgstr' is the translation. + This original portable object template file is saved and reused for +each language into which the application is translated. The `msgid' is +the original string and the `msgstr' is the translation. NOTE: Strings not marked with a leading underscore do not appear - in the `guide.po' file. + in the `guide.pot' file. Next, the messages must be translated. Here is a translation to a hypothetical dialect of English, called "Mellow":(1) - $ cp guide.po guide-mellow.po + $ cp guide.pot guide-mellow.po ADD TRANSLATIONS TO guide-mellow.po ... Following are the translations: @@ -12381,11 +12385,11 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Gawk I18N, Prev: I18N Example, Up: Internationalizatio 9.6 `gawk' Can Speak Your Language ================================== -As of version 3.1, `gawk' itself has been internationalized using the -GNU `gettext' package. (GNU `gettext' is described in complete detail -in *note Top::.) As of this writing, the latest version of GNU -`gettext' is version 0.17 -(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.17.tar.gz). +`gawk' itself has been internationalized using the GNU `gettext' +package. (GNU `gettext' is described in complete detail in *note +Top::.) As of this writing, the latest version of GNU `gettext' is +version 0.18.1.1 +(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.18.1.1.tar.gz). If a translation of `gawk''s messages exists, then `gawk' produces usage messages, warnings, and fatal errors in the local language. @@ -12452,8 +12456,8 @@ zero to a field to force it to be treated as a number. For example: -| 83 123 291 Because it is common to have decimal data with leading zeros, and -because using it could lead to surprising results, the default is to -leave this facility disabled. If you want it, you must explicitly +because using this facility could lead to surprising results, the +default is to leave it disabled. If you want it, you must explicitly request it. *Caution:* _Use of this option is not recommended._ It can break old @@ -12489,13 +12493,13 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Two-way I/O, Next: TCP/IP Networking, Prev: Nondecimal processing and then read the result. This can always be done with temporary files: - # write the data for processing + # Write the data for processing tempfile = ("mydata." PROCINFO["pid"]) while (NOT DONE WITH DATA) print DATA | ("subprogram > " tempfile) close("subprogram > " tempfile) - # read the results, remove tempfile when done + # Read the results, remove tempfile when done while ((getline newdata < tempfile) > 0) PROCESS newdata APPROPRIATELY close(tempfile) @@ -12506,11 +12510,10 @@ the program be run in a directory that cannot be shared among users; for example, `/tmp' will not do, as another user might happen to be using a temporary file with the same name. - Starting with version 3.1 of `gawk', it is possible to open a -_two-way_ pipe to another process. The second process is termed a -"coprocess", since it runs in parallel with `gawk'. The two-way -connection is created using the new `|&' operator (borrowed from the -Korn shell, `ksh'):(1) + It is possible to open a _two-way_ pipe to another process. The +second process is termed a "coprocess", since it runs in parallel with +`gawk'. The two-way connection is created using the new `|&' operator +(borrowed from the Korn shell, `ksh'):(1) do { print DATA |& "subprogram" @@ -12534,11 +12537,11 @@ or pipeline of programs, that can be started by the shell. standard error separately. * I/O buffering may be a problem. `gawk' automatically flushes all - output down the pipe to the child process. However, if the - coprocess does not flush its output, `gawk' may hang when doing a - `getline' in order to read the coprocess's results. This could - lead to a situation known as "deadlock", where each process is - waiting for the other one to do something. + output down the pipe to the coprocess. However, if the coprocess + does not flush its output, `gawk' may hang when doing a `getline' + in order to read the coprocess's results. This could lead to a + situation known as "deadlock", where each process is waiting for + the other one to do something. It is possible to close just one end of the two-way pipe to a coprocess, by supplying a second argument to the `close()' function of @@ -12579,12 +12582,12 @@ terminates the coprocess and exits. As a side note, the assignment `LC_ALL=C' in the `sort' command ensures traditional Unix (ASCII) sorting from `sort'. - Beginning with `gawk' 3.1.2, you may use Pseudo-ttys (ptys) for -two-way communication instead of pipes, if your system supports them. -This is done on a per-command basis, by setting a special element in -the `PROCINFO' array (*note Auto-set::), like so: + You may also use pseudo-ttys (ptys) for two-way communication +instead of pipes, if your system supports them. This is done on a +per-command basis, by setting a special element in the `PROCINFO' array +(*note Auto-set::), like so: - command = "sort -nr" # command, saved in variable for convenience + command = "sort -nr" # command, save in convenience variable PROCINFO[command, "pty"] = 1 # update PROCINFO print ... |& command # start two-way pipe ... @@ -12605,7 +12608,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: TCP/IP Networking, Next: Profiling, Prev: Two-way I/O, 10.3 Using `gawk' for Network Programming ========================================= - `EMISTERED': A host is a host from coast to coast, + `EMISTERED': A host is a host from coast to coast, and no-one can talk to host that's close, unless the host that isn't close is busy hung or dead. @@ -12613,7 +12616,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: TCP/IP Networking, Next: Profiling, Prev: Two-way I/O, In addition to being able to open a two-way pipeline to a coprocess on the same system (*note Two-way I/O::), it is possible to make a two-way connection to another process on another system across an IP -networking connection. +network connection. You can think of this as just a _very long_ two-way pipeline to a coprocess. The way `gawk' decides that you want to use TCP/IP @@ -12643,7 +12646,7 @@ LOCAL-PORT when writing a TCP or UDP client. You may also use a well-known service name, such as `smtp' or `http', in which case `gawk' attempts to determine the predefined port number using the C - `getservbyname' function. + `getaddrinfo()' function. REMOTE-HOST The IP address or fully-qualified domain name of the Internet host @@ -12655,7 +12658,8 @@ REMOTE-PORT name. NOTE: Failure in opening a two-way socket will result in a - non-fatal error being returned to the calling function. + non-fatal error being returned to the calling code. The value of + `ERRNO' indicates the error (*note Auto-set::). Consider the following very simple example: @@ -12680,9 +12684,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Profiling, Prev: TCP/IP Networking, Up: Advanced Featu 10.4 Profiling Your `awk' Programs ================================== -Beginning with version 3.1 of `gawk', you may produce execution traces -of your `awk' programs. This is done with a specially compiled version -of `gawk', called `pgawk' ("profiling `gawk'"). +You may produce execution traces of your `awk' programs. This is done +with a specially compiled version of `gawk', called `pgawk' ("profiling +`gawk'"). `pgawk' is identical in every way to `gawk', except that when it has finished running, it creates a profile of your program in a file named @@ -12693,17 +12697,13 @@ slower than `gawk' normally does. used to change the name of the file where `pgawk' will write the profile: - $ pgawk --profile=myprog.prof -f myprog.awk data1 data2 + pgawk --profile=myprog.prof -f myprog.awk data1 data2 In the above example, `pgawk' places the profile in `myprog.prof' instead of in `awkprof.out'. - Regular `gawk' also accepts this option. When called with just -`--profile', `gawk' "pretty prints" the program into `awkprof.out', -without any execution counts. You may supply an option to `--profile' -to change the file name. Here is a sample session showing a simple -`awk' program, its input data, and the results from running `pgawk'. -First, the `awk' program: + Here is a sample session showing a simple `awk' program, its input +data, and the results from running `pgawk'. First, the `awk' program: BEGIN { print "First BEGIN rule" } @@ -12783,12 +12783,13 @@ sometimes have to work late): 6 print "I gotta be me!" } - This example illustrates many of the basic rules for profiling -output. The rules are as follows: + This example illustrates many of the basic features of profiling +output. They are as follows: - * The program is printed in the order `BEGIN' rule, pattern/action - rules, `END' rule and functions, listed alphabetically. Multiple - `BEGIN' and `END' rules are merged together. + * The program is printed in the order `BEGIN' rule, `BEGINFILE' rule, + pattern/action rules, `ENDFILE' rule, `END' rule and functions, + listed alphabetically. Multiple `BEGIN' and `END' rules are + merged together. * Pattern-action rules have two counts. The first count, to the left of the rule, shows how many times the rule's pattern was @@ -12884,7 +12885,7 @@ output profile file. If you use the `HUP' signal instead of the `USR1' signal, `pgawk' produces the profile and the function call trace and then exits. - When `pgawk' runs on MS-DOS or MS-Windows, it uses the `INT' and + When `pgawk' runs on MS-Windows systems, it uses the `INT' and `QUIT' signals for producing the profile and, in the case of the `INT' signal, `pgawk' exits. This is because these systems don't support the `kill' command, so the only signals you can deliver to a program are @@ -12892,6 +12893,10 @@ those generated by the keyboard. The `INT' signal is generated by the `Ctrl-<C>' or `Ctrl-<BREAK>' key, while the `QUIT' signal is generated by the `Ctrl-<\>' key. + Finally, regular `gawk' also accepts the `--profile' option. When +called this way, `gawk' "pretty prints" the program into `awkprof.out', +without any execution counts. + File: gawk.info, Node: Invoking Gawk, Next: Library Functions, Prev: Advanced Features, Up: Top @@ -19370,7 +19375,7 @@ Info file, in approximate chronological order: * Martin Brown provided the port to BeOS and its documentation. * Arno Peters did the initial work to convert `gawk' to use GNU - Automake and `gettext'. + Automake and GNU `gettext'. * Alan J. Broder provided the initial version of the `asort()' function as well as the code for the new optional third argument @@ -21898,7 +21903,7 @@ for short. (You will also see "input" and "output" used as verbs.) `awk' manages the reading of data for you, as well as the breaking it up into records and fields. Your program's job is to tell `awk' -what to with the data. You do this by describing "patterns" in the +what to do with the data. You do this by describing "patterns" in the data to look for, and "actions" to execute when those patterns are seen. This "data-driven" nature of `awk' programs usually makes them both easier to write and easier to read. @@ -24230,7 +24235,7 @@ Index * ' (single quote), vs. apostrophe: Comments. (line 27) * ' (single quote), with double quotes: Quoting. (line 53) * () (parentheses): Regexp Operators. (line 78) -* () (parentheses), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 144) +* () (parentheses), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 141) * * (asterisk), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence. (line 55) * * (asterisk), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators. @@ -24331,13 +24336,14 @@ Index * -v option, variables, assigning: Assignment Options. (line 12) * -W option: Options. (line 44) * . (period): Regexp Operators. (line 43) -* .mo files: Explaining gettext. (line 39) +* .mo files: Explaining gettext. (line 41) * .mo files, converting from .po: I18N Example. (line 62) -* .mo files, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 45) -* .mo files, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 51) +* .mo files, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 46) +* .mo files, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 53) * .po files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * .po files: Explaining gettext. (line 36) * .po files, converting to .mo: I18N Example. (line 62) +* .pot files: Explaining gettext. (line 30) * / (forward slash): Regexp. (line 10) * / (forward slash), / operator: Precedence. (line 55) * / (forward slash), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) @@ -24442,10 +24448,10 @@ Index * ^ (caret), in character lists: Character Lists. (line 16) * ^, in FS: Regexp Field Splitting. (line 59) -* _ (underscore), _ C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 68) +* _ (underscore), _ C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 70) * _ (underscore), in names of private variables: Library Names. (line 29) -* _ (underscore), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 67) +* _ (underscore), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 68) * _gr_init user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 80) * _pw_init user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 91) * accessing fields: Fields. (line 6) @@ -24705,11 +24711,11 @@ Index * BEGIN pattern, OFS/ORS variables, assigning values to: Output Separators. (line 20) * BEGIN pattern, operators and: Using BEGIN/END. (line 17) -* BEGIN pattern, pgawk program: Profiling. (line 69) +* BEGIN pattern, pgawk program: Profiling. (line 65) * BEGIN pattern, print statement and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16) * BEGIN pattern, pwcat program: Passwd Functions. (line 128) * BEGIN pattern, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 66) -* BEGIN pattern, TEXTDOMAIN variable and: Programmer i18n. (line 58) +* BEGIN pattern, TEXTDOMAIN variable and: Programmer i18n. (line 59) * BEGINFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 73) * BEGINFILE special pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 6) @@ -24719,8 +24725,8 @@ Index * BeOS: BeOS Installation. (line 6) * Berry, Karl: Acknowledgments. (line 32) * binary input/output: User-modified. (line 10) -* bindtextdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 47) -* bindtextdomain() function (gawk) <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 45) +* bindtextdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 49) +* bindtextdomain() function (gawk) <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 46) * bindtextdomain() function (gawk): I18N Functions. (line 12) * bindtextdomain() function (gawk), portability and: I18N Portability. (line 33) @@ -24737,7 +24743,7 @@ Index * Boolean operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * Bourne shell, quoting rules for: Quoting. (line 18) * braces ({}), actions and: Action Overview. (line 19) -* braces ({}), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 140) +* braces ({}), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 137) * braces ({}), statements, grouping: Statements. (line 10) * bracket expressions, See character lists: Regexp Operators. (line 55) * break debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 11) @@ -24753,7 +24759,7 @@ Index * Buening, Andreas <1>: Bugs. (line 70) * Buening, Andreas <2>: Contributors. (line 84) * Buening, Andreas: Acknowledgments. (line 59) -* buffering, input/output <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 71) +* buffering, input/output <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 70) * buffering, input/output: I/O Functions. (line 131) * buffering, interactive vs. noninteractive: I/O Functions. (line 99) * buffers, flushing: I/O Functions. (line 29) @@ -24820,7 +24826,7 @@ Index (line 30) * close() function, return values: Close Files And Pipes. (line 131) -* close() function, two-way pipes and: Two-way I/O. (line 78) +* close() function, two-way pipes and: Two-way I/O. (line 77) * Close, Diane <1>: Contributors. (line 21) * Close, Diane: Manual History. (line 39) * close_func input method: Internals. (line 162) @@ -24907,7 +24913,7 @@ Index * csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 300) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 44) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 72) -* currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 99) +* currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 103) * custom.h file: Configuration Philosophy. (line 29) * cut utility: Cut Program. (line 6) @@ -24963,7 +24969,7 @@ Index * date utility, POSIX: Time Functions. (line 258) * dates, converting to timestamps: Time Functions. (line 71) * dates, information related to, localization: Explaining gettext. - (line 111) + (line 115) * Davies, Stephen <1>: Contributors. (line 69) * Davies, Stephen: Acknowledgments. (line 59) * dcgettext() function (gawk) <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 19) @@ -24974,7 +24980,7 @@ Index * dcngettext() function (gawk): I18N Functions. (line 28) * dcngettext() function (gawk), portability and: I18N Portability. (line 33) -* deadlocks: Two-way I/O. (line 71) +* deadlocks: Two-way I/O. (line 70) * debugger commands, b (break): Breakpoint Control. (line 11) * debugger commands, backtrace: Dgawk Stack. (line 13) * debugger commands, break: Breakpoint Control. (line 11) @@ -25209,7 +25215,7 @@ Index * END pattern, next/nextfile statements and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 36) * END pattern, operators and: Using BEGIN/END. (line 17) -* END pattern, pgawk program: Profiling. (line 69) +* END pattern, pgawk program: Profiling. (line 65) * END pattern, print statement and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16) * ENDFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 73) * ENDFILE special pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 6) @@ -25336,13 +25342,14 @@ Index * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) -* files, .mo: Explaining gettext. (line 39) +* files, .mo: Explaining gettext. (line 41) * files, .mo, converting from .po: I18N Example. (line 62) -* files, .mo, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 45) -* files, .mo, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 51) +* files, .mo, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 46) +* files, .mo, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 53) * files, .po <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * files, .po: Explaining gettext. (line 36) * files, .po, converting to .mo: I18N Example. (line 62) +* files, .pot: Explaining gettext. (line 30) * files, /dev/... special files: Special FD. (line 44) * files, /inet/ (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * files, /inet4/ (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) @@ -25361,13 +25368,13 @@ Index * files, managing: Data File Management. (line 6) * files, managing, data file boundaries: Filetrans Function. (line 6) -* files, message object: Explaining gettext. (line 39) +* files, message object: Explaining gettext. (line 41) * files, message object, converting from portable object files: I18N Example. (line 62) * files, message object, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. - (line 45) + (line 46) * files, message object, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. - (line 51) + (line 53) * files, multiple passes over: Other Arguments. (line 49) * files, multiple, duplicating output into: Tee Program. (line 6) * files, output, See output files: Close Files And Pipes. @@ -25375,6 +25382,7 @@ Index * files, password: Passwd Functions. (line 16) * files, portable object <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * files, portable object: Explaining gettext. (line 36) +* files, portable object template: Explaining gettext. (line 30) * files, portable object, converting to message object files: I18N Example. (line 62) * files, portable object, generating: Options. (line 129) @@ -25481,7 +25489,7 @@ Index * functions, undefined: Function Caveats. (line 79) * functions, user-defined: User-defined. (line 6) * functions, user-defined, calling: Function Caveats. (line 6) -* functions, user-defined, counts: Profiling. (line 135) +* functions, user-defined, counts: Profiling. (line 132) * functions, user-defined, library of: Library Functions. (line 6) * functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and <1>: Nextfile Statement. (line 43) @@ -25572,6 +25580,7 @@ Index * get_curfunc_arg_count internal function: Internals. (line 37) * get_record input method: Internals. (line 162) * get_scalar_argument internal macro: Internals. (line 126) +* getaddrinfo() function (C library): TCP/IP Networking. (line 39) * getgrent function (C library): Group Functions. (line 6) * getgrent user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 6) * getgrgid function (C library): Group Functions. (line 182) @@ -25588,7 +25597,7 @@ Index (line 6) * getline command, coprocesses, using from: Getline/Coprocess. (line 6) -* getline command, deadlock and: Two-way I/O. (line 71) +* getline command, deadlock and: Two-way I/O. (line 70) * getline command, explicit input with: Getline. (line 6) * getline command, FILENAME variable and: Getline Notes. (line 19) * getline command, return values: Getline. (line 19) @@ -25601,10 +25610,9 @@ Index * getpwnam user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 167) * getpwuid function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 175) * getpwuid user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 179) -* getservbyname function (C library): TCP/IP Networking. (line 39) -* gettext function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 60) * gettext library: Explaining gettext. (line 6) -* gettext library, locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 78) +* gettext library, locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 80) +* gettext() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 62) * gettimeofday user-defined function: Gettimeofday Function. (line 16) * GNITS mailing list: Acknowledgments. (line 51) @@ -25649,7 +25657,7 @@ Index * hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 160) * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25) * Hughes, Phil: Acknowledgments. (line 42) -* HUP signal: Profiling. (line 207) +* HUP signal: Profiling. (line 204) * hyphen (-), - operator: Precedence. (line 52) * hyphen (-), -- (decrement/increment) operators: Precedence. (line 46) * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) @@ -25716,7 +25724,7 @@ Index * installation, tandem: Tandem Installation. (line 6) * installation, vms: VMS Installation. (line 6) * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) -* INT signal (MS-DOS): Profiling. (line 210) +* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) * int() function: Numeric Functions. (line 22) * integers: Basic Data Typing. (line 21) * integers, unsigned: Basic Data Typing. (line 28) @@ -25731,7 +25739,7 @@ Index * internationalization, localization, gawk and: Internationalization. (line 13) * internationalization, localization, locale categories: Explaining gettext. - (line 78) + (line 80) * internationalization, localization, marked strings: Programmer i18n. (line 14) * internationalization, localization, portability and: I18N Portability. @@ -25765,23 +25773,23 @@ Index * Kernighan, Brian <6>: Acknowledgments. (line 73) * Kernighan, Brian <7>: Conventions. (line 33) * Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17) -* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 185) +* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 182) * Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6) * Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 37) * l debugger command (alias for list): Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 77) * labels.awk program: Labels Program. (line 48) * languages, data-driven: Basic High Level. (line 85) -* LC_ALL locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 116) -* LC_COLLATE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 89) -* LC_CTYPE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 93) -* LC_MESSAGES locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 83) +* LC_ALL locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 120) +* LC_COLLATE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 93) +* LC_CTYPE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 97) +* LC_MESSAGES locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 87) * LC_MESSAGES locale category, bindtextdomain() function (gawk): Programmer i18n. - (line 86) -* LC_MONETARY locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 99) -* LC_NUMERIC locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 103) -* LC_RESPONSE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 107) -* LC_TIME locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 111) + (line 87) +* LC_MONETARY locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 103) +* LC_NUMERIC locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 107) +* LC_RESPONSE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 111) +* LC_TIME locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 115) * left angle bracket (<), < operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * left angle bracket (<), < operator: Comparison Operators. (line 11) @@ -25844,7 +25852,7 @@ Index * Linux: Manual History. (line 28) * list debugger command: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 77) -* locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 78) +* locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 80) * locale decimal point character: Options. (line 216) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) @@ -25858,7 +25866,7 @@ Index * long options: Command Line. (line 13) * loops: While Statement. (line 6) * loops, continue statements and: For Statement. (line 64) -* loops, count for header: Profiling. (line 129) +* loops, count for header: Profiling. (line 126) * loops, exiting: Break Statement. (line 6) * loops, See Also while statement: While Statement. (line 6) * Lost In Space: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) @@ -25885,17 +25893,17 @@ Index * mawk program: Other Versions. (line 34) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 92) * memory, releasing: Internals. (line 92) -* message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 39) +* message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 41) * message object files, converting from portable object files: I18N Example. (line 62) * message object files, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. - (line 45) + (line 46) * message object files, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. - (line 51) + (line 53) * metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 132) * mktime() function (gawk): Time Functions. (line 24) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) -* monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 99) +* monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 103) * msgfmt utility: I18N Example. (line 62) * n debugger command (alias for next): Dgawk Execution Control. (line 43) @@ -26072,13 +26080,13 @@ Index * P1003.2 POSIX standard: Glossary. (line 426) * parameters, number of: Internals. (line 46) * parentheses (): Regexp Operators. (line 78) -* parentheses (), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 144) +* parentheses (), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 141) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) * patsplit() function: String Functions. (line 264) * patterns: Patterns and Actions. (line 6) * patterns, comparison expressions as: Expression Patterns. (line 14) -* patterns, counts: Profiling. (line 116) +* patterns, counts: Profiling. (line 113) * patterns, default: Very Simple. (line 34) * patterns, empty: Empty. (line 6) * patterns, expressions as: Regexp Patterns. (line 6) @@ -26097,7 +26105,7 @@ Index * Peterson, Hal: Contributors. (line 40) * pgawk program: Profiling. (line 6) * pgawk program, awkprof.out file: Profiling. (line 10) -* pgawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 177) +* pgawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 174) * pipes, closing: Close Files And Pipes. (line 6) * pipes, input: Getline/Pipe. (line 6) @@ -26145,6 +26153,7 @@ Index * portable object files, converting to message object files: I18N Example. (line 62) * portable object files, generating: Options. (line 129) +* portable object template files: Explaining gettext. (line 30) * porting gawk: New Ports. (line 6) * positional specifiers, printf statement <1>: Printf Ordering. (line 6) @@ -26235,7 +26244,7 @@ Index * PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 123) * PROCINFO variable: Internals. (line 149) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) -* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 177) +* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 174) * profiling gawk, See pgawk program: Profiling. (line 6) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programmers, attractiveness of: Two-way I/O. (line 6) @@ -26270,7 +26279,7 @@ Index * QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 119) * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands. (line 104) -* QUIT signal (MS-DOS): Profiling. (line 210) +* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) * quoting <1>: Comments. (line 27) * quoting <2>: Long. (line 26) * quoting: Read Terminal. (line 25) @@ -26472,10 +26481,10 @@ Index * side effects, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) * side effects, function calls: Function Calls. (line 54) * side effects, statements: Action Overview. (line 32) -* signals, HUP/SIGHUP: Profiling. (line 207) -* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-DOS): Profiling. (line 210) -* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-DOS): Profiling. (line 210) -* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1: Profiling. (line 185) +* signals, HUP/SIGHUP: Profiling. (line 204) +* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) +* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 207) +* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1: Profiling. (line 182) * silent debugger command: Dgawk Execution Control. (line 10) * sin() function: Numeric Functions. (line 73) @@ -26493,9 +26502,9 @@ Index * Solaris, POSIX compliant awk: Other Versions. (line 101) * sort function, arrays, sorting: Array Sorting. (line 6) * sort utility: Word Sorting. (line 56) -* sort utility, coprocesses and: Two-way I/O. (line 84) +* sort utility, coprocesses and: Two-way I/O. (line 83) * sorting characters in different languages: Explaining gettext. - (line 89) + (line 93) * source code, awka: Other Versions. (line 81) * source code, Bell Laboratories awk: Other Versions. (line 13) * source code, gawk: Gawk Distribution. (line 6) @@ -26606,11 +26615,11 @@ Index (line 6) * text, printing: Print. (line 22) * text, printing, unduplicated lines of: Uniq Program. (line 6) -* textdomain function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 27) * TEXTDOMAIN variable <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 9) * TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 153) -* TEXTDOMAIN variable, BEGIN pattern and: Programmer i18n. (line 58) +* TEXTDOMAIN variable, BEGIN pattern and: Programmer i18n. (line 59) * TEXTDOMAIN variable, portability and: I18N Portability. (line 20) +* textdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 27) * tilde (~), ~ operator <1>: Expression Patterns. (line 24) * tilde (~), ~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 80) * tilde (~), ~ operator <3>: Comparison Operators. @@ -26620,7 +26629,7 @@ Index * tilde (~), ~ operator <6>: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * tilde (~), ~ operator: Regexp Usage. (line 19) * time, alarm clock example program: Alarm Program. (line 9) -* time, localization and: Explaining gettext. (line 111) +* time, localization and: Explaining gettext. (line 115) * time, managing: Gettimeofday Function. (line 6) * time, retrieving: Time Functions. (line 17) @@ -26680,10 +26689,10 @@ Index * u debugger command (alias for until): Dgawk Execution Control. (line 83) * undefined functions: Function Caveats. (line 79) -* underscore (_), _ C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 68) +* underscore (_), _ C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 70) * underscore (_), in names of private variables: Library Names. (line 29) -* underscore (_), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 67) +* underscore (_), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 68) * undisplay debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 80) * undocumented features: Undocumented. (line 6) @@ -26710,12 +26719,12 @@ Index * update_ERRNO_saved internal function: Internals. (line 141) * user database, reading: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * user-defined, functions: User-defined. (line 6) -* user-defined, functions, counts: Profiling. (line 135) +* user-defined, functions, counts: Profiling. (line 132) * user-defined, variables: Variables. (line 6) * user-modifiable variables: User-modified. (line 6) * users, information about, printing: Id Program. (line 6) * users, information about, retrieving: Passwd Functions. (line 16) -* USR1 signal: Profiling. (line 185) +* USR1 signal: Profiling. (line 182) * values, numeric: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * values, string: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * variable typing: Typing and Comparison. @@ -26800,7 +26809,7 @@ Index * zerofile.awk program: Empty Files. (line 21) * Zoulas, Christos: Contributors. (line 62) * {} (braces), actions and: Action Overview. (line 19) -* {} (braces), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 140) +* {} (braces), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 137) * {} (braces), statements, grouping: Statements. (line 10) * | (vertical bar): Regexp Operators. (line 68) * | (vertical bar), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) @@ -27049,180 +27058,180 @@ Node: Return Statement477107 Node: Dynamic Typing480049 Node: Indirect Calls480786 Node: Internationalization490471 -Node: I18N and L10N491890 -Node: Explaining gettext492574 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1497485 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2497724 -Node: Programmer i18n497893 -Node: Translator i18n502128 -Node: String Extraction502919 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1503876 -Node: Printf Ordering504002 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1506782 -Node: I18N Portability506846 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1509291 -Node: I18N Example509354 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1511974 -Node: Gawk I18N512046 -Node: Advanced Features512624 -Node: Nondecimal Data513939 -Node: Two-way I/O515500 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1520983 -Node: TCP/IP Networking521060 -Node: Profiling523850 -Node: Invoking Gawk531311 -Node: Command Line532618 -Node: Options533403 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1546491 -Node: Other Arguments546516 -Node: AWKPATH Variable549197 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1551972 -Node: Exit Status552232 -Node: Include Files552904 -Node: Obsolete556505 -Node: Undocumented557306 -Node: Known Bugs557568 -Node: Library Functions558170 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1561151 -Node: Library Names561322 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1564795 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2565014 -Node: General Functions565100 -Node: Nextfile Function566163 -Node: Strtonum Function570527 -Node: Assert Function573468 -Node: Round Function576772 -Node: Cliff Random Function578312 -Node: Ordinal Functions579327 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1582387 -Node: Join Function582603 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1584365 -Node: Gettimeofday Function584565 -Node: Data File Management588276 -Node: Filetrans Function588908 -Node: Rewind Function592334 -Node: File Checking593780 -Node: Empty Files594810 -Node: Ignoring Assigns597035 -Node: Getopt Function598583 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1609865 -Node: Passwd Functions610068 -Ref: Passwd 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