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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1046 |
1 files changed, 551 insertions, 495 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 5e6a2c58..21aedf25 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -4136,6 +4136,54 @@ that you can define a variable to be a number or a string: str = "hi" String variable re = /foo/ Wrong! re is the result of $0 ~ /foo/ + For a number of more advanced use cases (described later on in this +Info file), it would be nice to have regexp constants that are "strongly +typed"; in other words, that denote a regexp useful for matching, and +not an expression. + + 'gawk' provides this feature. A strongly typed regexp constant looks +almost like a regular regexp constant, except that it is preceded by an +'@' sign: + + re = @/foo/ Regexp variable + + Strongly typed regexp constants _cannot_ be used eveywhere that a +regular regexp constant can, because this would make the language even +more confusing. Instead, you may use them only in certain contexts: + + * On the righthand side of the '~' and '!~' operators: 'some_var ~ + @/foo/' (*note Regexp Usage::). + + * In the 'case' part of a 'switch' statement (*note Switch + Statement::). + + * As an argument to one of the built-in functions that accept regexp + constants: 'gensub()', 'gsub()', 'match()', 'patsplit()', + 'split()', and 'sub()' (*note String Functions::). + + * As a parameter in a call to a user-defined function (*note + User-defined::). + + * On the righthand side of an assignment to a variable: 'some_var = + @/foo/'. In this case, the type of 'some_var' is regexp. + Additionally, 'some_var' can be used with '~' and '!~', passed to + one of the built-in functions listed above, or passed as a + parameter to a user-defined function. + + You may use the 'typeof()' built-in function (*note Type Functions::) +to determine if a variable or function parameter is a regexp variable. + + The true power of this feature comes from the ability to create +variables that have regexp type. Such variables can be passed on to +user-defined functions, without the confusing aspects of computed +regular expressions created from strings or string constants. They may +also be passed through indirect function calls (*note Indirect Calls::) +onto the built-in functions that accept regexp constants. + + When used in numeric conversions, strongly typed regexp variables +convert to zero. When used in string conversions, they convert to the +string value of the original regexp text. + File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Regexp @@ -4173,6 +4221,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Reg sensitivity of regexp matching. In other 'awk' versions, use 'tolower()' or 'toupper()'. + * Strongly typed regexp constants ('@/.../') enable certain advanced + use cases to be described later on in the Info file. + File: gawk.info, Node: Reading Files, Next: Printing, Prev: Regexp, Up: Top @@ -13567,6 +13618,10 @@ contexts. '"array"' X is an array. + '"regexp"' + X is a strongly typed regexp (*note Strong Regexp + Constants::). + '"number"' X is a number. @@ -13613,7 +13668,8 @@ parameter is an array or not. turning it into a scalar. The 'typeof()' function is general; it allows you to determine if a -variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array. +variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array, or a strongly +typed regexp. 'isarray()' is deprecated; you should use 'typeof()' instead. You should replace any existing uses of 'isarray(var)' in your code with @@ -35347,499 +35403,499 @@ Node: Case-sensitivity185993 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1188889 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2189124 Node: Strong Regexp Constants189232 -Node: Regexp Summary190021 -Node: Reading Files191496 -Node: Records193659 -Node: awk split records194392 -Node: gawk split records199323 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1203863 -Node: Fields203900 -Node: Nonconstant Fields206641 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1208877 -Node: Changing Fields209081 -Node: Field Separators215009 -Node: Default Field Splitting217707 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting218825 -Node: Single Character Fields222178 -Node: Command Line Field Separator223238 -Node: Full Line Fields226456 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1227978 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2228024 -Node: Field Splitting Summary228125 -Node: Constant Size230199 -Node: Splitting By Content234777 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1238748 -Node: Multiple Line238911 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1244793 -Node: Getline244972 -Node: Plain Getline247439 -Node: Getline/Variable250078 -Node: Getline/File251227 -Node: Getline/Variable/File252613 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1254216 -Node: Getline/Pipe254304 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe257009 -Node: Getline/Coprocess258142 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess259407 -Node: Getline Notes260147 -Node: Getline Summary262942 -Ref: table-getline-variants263364 -Node: Read Timeout264112 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1268018 -Node: Retrying Input268076 -Node: Command-line directories269275 -Node: Input Summary270181 -Node: Input Exercises273353 -Node: Printing274081 -Node: Print275915 -Node: Print Examples277372 -Node: Output Separators280152 -Node: OFMT282169 -Node: Printf283525 -Node: Basic Printf284310 -Node: Control Letters285884 -Node: Format Modifiers289872 -Node: Printf Examples295887 -Node: Redirection298373 -Node: Special FD305214 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1308382 -Node: Special Files308456 -Node: Other Inherited Files309073 -Node: Special Network310074 -Node: Special Caveats310934 -Node: Close Files And Pipes311883 -Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values318790 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1319573 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2319721 -Node: Nonfatal319873 -Node: Output Summary322198 -Node: Output Exercises323420 -Node: Expressions324099 -Node: Values325287 -Node: Constants325965 -Node: Scalar Constants326656 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1327520 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers327770 -Node: Regexp Constants330783 -Node: Using Constant Regexps331309 -Node: Variables334472 -Node: Using Variables335129 -Node: Assignment Options337039 -Node: Conversion338912 -Node: Strings And Numbers339436 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1342499 -Node: Locale influences conversions342608 -Ref: table-locale-affects345366 -Node: All Operators345984 -Node: Arithmetic Ops346613 -Node: Concatenation349119 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1351966 -Node: Assignment Ops352073 -Ref: table-assign-ops357064 -Node: Increment Ops358377 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions361837 -Node: Truth Values362911 -Node: Typing and Comparison363959 -Node: Variable Typing364779 -Node: Comparison Operators368403 -Ref: table-relational-ops368822 -Node: POSIX String Comparison372317 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1374012 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2374151 -Node: Boolean Ops374235 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1378717 -Node: Conditional Exp378809 -Node: Function Calls380545 -Node: Precedence384422 -Node: Locales388081 -Node: Expressions Summary389713 -Node: Patterns and Actions392286 -Node: Pattern Overview393406 -Node: Regexp Patterns395083 -Node: Expression Patterns395625 -Node: Ranges399406 -Node: BEGIN/END402514 -Node: Using BEGIN/END403275 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1406011 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END406117 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE408431 -Node: Empty411338 -Node: Using Shell Variables411655 -Node: Action Overview413929 -Node: Statements416254 -Node: If 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-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6569351 -Node: Bitwise Functions569617 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops570211 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1574549 -Node: Type Functions574722 -Node: I18N Functions577254 -Node: User-defined578905 -Node: Definition Syntax579710 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1585397 -Node: Function Example585468 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1588390 -Node: Function Caveats588412 -Node: Calling A Function588930 -Node: Variable Scope589888 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference592882 -Node: Return Statement596381 -Node: Dynamic Typing599360 -Node: Indirect Calls600290 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1610541 -Node: Functions Summary610669 -Node: Library Functions613374 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1616981 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2617124 -Node: Library Names617295 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1620755 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2620978 -Node: General Functions621064 -Node: Strtonum Function622167 -Node: Assert Function625189 -Node: Round Function628515 -Node: Cliff Random Function630056 -Node: Ordinal Functions631072 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1634135 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2634387 -Node: Join Function634597 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1636367 -Node: Getlocaltime Function636567 -Node: Readfile Function640309 -Node: Shell Quoting642281 -Node: Data File Management643682 -Node: Filetrans Function644314 -Node: Rewind Function648410 -Node: File Checking650316 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1651650 -Node: Empty Files651851 -Node: Ignoring Assigns653830 -Node: Getopt Function655380 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1666849 -Node: Passwd Functions667049 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1675888 -Node: Group Functions675976 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1683874 -Node: Walking Arrays684081 -Node: Library Functions Summary687089 -Node: Library Exercises688495 -Node: Sample Programs688960 -Node: Running Examples689730 -Node: Clones690458 -Node: Cut Program691682 -Node: Egrep Program701611 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1709123 -Node: Id Program709233 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+Node: Printf285809 +Node: Basic Printf286594 +Node: Control Letters288168 +Node: Format Modifiers292156 +Node: Printf Examples298171 +Node: Redirection300657 +Node: Special FD307498 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1310666 +Node: Special Files310740 +Node: Other Inherited Files311357 +Node: Special Network312358 +Node: Special Caveats313218 +Node: Close Files And Pipes314167 +Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values321074 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1321857 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2322005 +Node: Nonfatal322157 +Node: Output Summary324482 +Node: Output Exercises325704 +Node: Expressions326383 +Node: Values327571 +Node: Constants328249 +Node: Scalar Constants328940 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1329804 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers330054 +Node: Regexp Constants333067 +Node: Using Constant Regexps333593 +Node: Variables336756 +Node: Using Variables337413 +Node: Assignment Options339323 +Node: Conversion341196 +Node: Strings And Numbers341720 +Ref: Strings And 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Extension Sample Revout1069140 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1069729 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1070469 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1072411 +Node: Extension Sample Time1073506 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1074854 +Node: gawkextlib1075346 +Node: Extension summary1077793 +Node: Extension Exercises1081495 +Node: Language History1082993 +Node: V7/SVR3.11084649 +Node: SVR41086801 +Node: POSIX1088235 +Node: BTL1089614 +Node: POSIX/GNU1090343 +Node: Feature History1096205 +Node: Common Extensions1110575 +Node: Ranges and Locales1111858 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11116474 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21116501 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31116736 +Node: Contributors1116957 +Node: History summary1122517 +Node: Installation1123897 +Node: Gawk Distribution1124841 +Node: Getting1125325 +Node: Extracting1126286 +Node: Distribution contents1127924 +Node: Unix Installation1134018 +Node: Quick Installation1134700 +Node: Shell Startup Files1137114 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1138192 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1139997 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1142366 +Node: PC Installation1142824 +Node: PC Binary Installation1144144 +Node: PC Compiling1145996 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11148790 +Node: PC Testing1148899 +Node: PC Using1150079 +Ref: PC Using-Footnote-11154232 +Node: Cygwin1154305 +Node: MSYS1155075 +Node: VMS Installation1155576 +Node: VMS Compilation1156367 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11157596 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1157654 +Node: VMS Installation Details1159339 +Node: VMS Running1161592 +Node: VMS GNV1165871 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1166606 +Node: Bugs1167077 +Node: Other Versions1171392 +Node: Installation summary1177976 +Node: Notes1179027 +Node: Compatibility Mode1179892 +Node: Additions1180674 +Node: Accessing The Source1181599 +Node: Adding Code1183034 +Node: New Ports1189253 +Node: Derived Files1193741 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11199226 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21199261 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31199859 +Node: Future Extensions1199973 +Node: Implementation Limitations1200631 +Node: Extension Design1201814 +Node: Old Extension Problems1202968 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11204486 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1204543 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11207907 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1208096 +Node: Extension Future Growth1210209 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1211045 +Node: Notes summary1212808 +Node: Basic Concepts1213990 +Node: Basic High Level1214671 +Ref: figure-general-flow1214953 +Ref: figure-process-flow1215638 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11218939 +Node: Basic Data Typing1219124 +Node: Glossary1222452 +Node: Copying1254399 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1291938 +Node: Index1317056 End Tag Table |