diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1202 |
1 files changed, 685 insertions, 517 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 06b8e119..38b10a80 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -154,9 +154,12 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) uses. * AWKPATH Variable:: Searching directories for `awk' programs. +* AWKLIBPATH Variable:: Searching directories for `awk' + shared libraries. * Other Environment Variables:: The environment variables. * Exit Status:: `gawk''s exit status. * Include Files:: Including other files into your program. +* Loading Shared Libraries:: Loading shared libraries into your program. * Obsolete:: Obsolete Options and/or features. * Undocumented:: Undocumented Options and Features. * Regexp Usage:: How to Use Regular Expressions. @@ -196,6 +199,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) * Getline Notes:: Important things to know about `getline'. * Getline Summary:: Summary of `getline' Variants. +* Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout. * Command line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on the command line. * Print:: The `print' statement. @@ -2086,6 +2090,7 @@ this major node that don't interest you right now. * Environment Variables:: The environment variables `gawk' uses. * Exit Status:: `gawk''s exit status. * Include Files:: Including other files into your program. +* Loading Shared Libraries:: Loading shared libraries into your program. * Obsolete:: Obsolete Options and/or features. * Undocumented:: Undocumented Options and Features. @@ -2270,9 +2275,11 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `-l LIB' `--load LIB' Load a shared library LIB. This searches for the library using the - `AWKPATH' environment variable. The suffix `.so' in the library - name is optional. The library initialization routine should be - named `dlload()'. + `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable. The correct library suffix for + your platform will be supplied by default, so it need not be + specified in the library name. The library initialization routine + should be named `dlload()'. An alternative is to use the `@load' + keyword inside the program to load a shared library. `-L [value]' `--lint[=value]' @@ -2544,10 +2551,12 @@ A number of environment variables influence how `gawk' behaves. * AWKPATH Variable:: Searching directories for `awk' programs. +* AWKLIBPATH Variable:: Searching directories for `awk' + shared libraries. * Other Environment Variables:: The environment variables. -File: gawk.info, Node: AWKPATH Variable, Next: Other Environment Variables, Up: Environment Variables +File: gawk.info, Node: AWKPATH Variable, Next: AWKLIBPATH Variable, Up: Environment Variables 2.5.1 The `AWKPATH' Environment Variable ---------------------------------------- @@ -2606,9 +2615,22 @@ the value of `$(datadir)' generated when `gawk' was configured. You probably don't need to worry about this, though. -File: gawk.info, Node: Other Environment Variables, Prev: AWKPATH Variable, Up: Environment Variables +File: gawk.info, Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable, Next: Other Environment Variables, Prev: AWKPATH Variable, Up: Environment Variables -2.5.2 Other Environment Variables +2.5.2 The `AWKLIBPATH' Environment Variable +------------------------------------------- + +The `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable is similar to the `AWKPATH' +variable, but it is used to search for shared libraries specified with +the `-l' option rather than for source files. If the library is not +found, the path is searched again after adding the appropriate shared +library suffix for the platform. For example, on GNU/Linux systems, +the suffix `.so' is used. + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Other Environment Variables, Prev: AWKLIBPATH Variable, Up: Environment Variables + +2.5.3 Other Environment Variables --------------------------------- A number of other environment variables affect `gawk''s behavior, but @@ -2629,6 +2651,10 @@ used by regular users. milliseconds. On systems that do not support the `usleep()' system call, the value is rounded up to an integral number of seconds. +`GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT' + Specifies the time, in milliseconds, for `gawk' to wait for input + before returning with an error. *Note Read Timeout::. + The environment variables in the following list are meant for use by the `gawk' developers for testing and tuning. They are subject to change. The variables are: @@ -2683,7 +2709,7 @@ with the value of the C constant `EXIT_SUCCESS'. This is usually zero. non-POSIX systems, this value may be mapped to `EXIT_FAILURE'. -File: gawk.info, Node: Include Files, Next: Obsolete, Prev: Exit Status, Up: Invoking Gawk +File: gawk.info, Node: Include Files, Next: Loading Shared Libraries, Prev: Exit Status, Up: Invoking Gawk 2.7 Including Other Files Into Your Program =========================================== @@ -2779,9 +2805,41 @@ always searched first for source files, before searching in `AWKPATH', and this also applies to files named with `@include'. -File: gawk.info, Node: Obsolete, Next: Undocumented, Prev: Include Files, Up: Invoking Gawk +File: gawk.info, Node: Loading Shared Libraries, Next: Obsolete, Prev: Include Files, Up: Invoking Gawk + +2.8 Loading Shared Libraries Into Your Program +============================================== + +This minor node describes a feature that is specific to `gawk'. + + The `@load' keyword can be used to read external `awk' shared +libraries. This allows you to link in compiled code that may offer +superior performance and/or give you access to extended capabilities +not supported by the `awk' language. The `AWKLIBPATH' variable is used +to search for the shared library. Using `@load' is completely +equivalent to using the `-l' command-line option. + + If the shared library is not initially found in `AWKLIBPATH', another +search is conducted after appending the platform's default shared +library suffix to the filename. For example, on GNU/Linux systems, the +suffix `.so' is used. + + $ awk '@load "ordchr"; BEGIN {print chr(65)}' + A -2.8 Obsolete Options and/or Features +This is equivalent to the following example: + + $ awk -lordchr 'BEGIN {print chr(65)}' + A + +For command-line usage, the `-l' option is more convenient, but `@load' +is useful for embedding inside an `awk' source file that requires +access to a shared library. + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Obsolete, Next: Undocumented, Prev: Loading Shared Libraries, Up: Invoking Gawk + +2.9 Obsolete Options and/or Features ==================================== This minor node describes features and/or command-line options from @@ -2797,8 +2855,8 @@ worked. As of version 4.0, they are no longer interpreted specially by File: gawk.info, Node: Undocumented, Prev: Obsolete, Up: Invoking Gawk -2.9 Undocumented Options and Features -===================================== +2.10 Undocumented Options and Features +====================================== Use the Source, Luke! Obi-Wan @@ -3274,7 +3332,7 @@ Class Meaning `[:upper:]' Uppercase alphabetic characters. `[:xdigit:]'Characters that are hexadecimal digits. -Table 3.1: POSIX Character Classes +Table 3.1: POSIX Character Classes For example, before the POSIX standard, you had to write `/[A-Za-z0-9]/' to match alphanumeric characters. If your character @@ -3626,6 +3684,8 @@ have to be named on the `awk' command line (*note Getline::). * Multiple Line:: Reading multi-line records. * Getline:: Reading files under explicit program control using the `getline' function. +* Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout. + * Command line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on the command line. @@ -4813,7 +4873,7 @@ feature of `RS' does not apply. It does apply to the default field separator of a single space: `FS = " "'. -File: gawk.info, Node: Getline, Next: Command line directories, Prev: Multiple Line, Up: Reading Files +File: gawk.info, Node: Getline, Next: Read Timeout, Prev: Multiple Line, Up: Reading Files 4.9 Explicit Input with `getline' ================================= @@ -5235,12 +5295,104 @@ COMMAND `|& getline' Sets `$0' and `NF' Extension COMMAND `|& getline' Sets VAR Extension VAR -Table 4.1: getline Variants and What They Set +Table 4.1: getline Variants and What They Set -File: gawk.info, Node: Command line directories, Prev: Getline, Up: Reading Files +File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Command line directories, Prev: Getline, Up: Reading Files + +4.10 Reading Input With A Timeout +================================= + +You may specify a timeout in milliseconds for reading input from a +terminal, pipe or two-way communication including, TCP/IP sockets. This +can be done on a per input, command or connection basis, by setting a +special element in the `PROCINFO' array: + + PROCINFO["input_name", "READ_TIMEOUT"] = TIMEOUT IN MILLISECONDS -4.10 Directories On The Command Line + When set, this will cause `gawk' to time out and return failure if +no data is available to read within the specified timeout period. For +example, a TCP client can decide to give up on receiving any response +from the server after a certain amount of time: + + Service = "/inet/tcp/0/localhost/daytime" + PROCINFO[Service, "READ_TIMEOUT"] = 100 + if ((Service |& getline) > 0) + print $0 + else if (ERRNO != "") + print ERRNO + + Here is how to read interactively from the terminal(1) without +waiting for more than five seconds: + + PROCINFO["/dev/stdin", "READ_TIMEOUT"] = 5000 + while ((getline < "/dev/stdin") > 0) + print $0 + + `gawk' will terminate the read operation if input does not arrive +after waiting for the timeout period, return failure and set the +`ERRNO' variable to an appropriate string value. A negative or zero +value for the timeout is the same as specifying no timeout at all. + + A timeout can also be set for reading from the terminal in the +implicit loop that reads input records and matches them against +patterns, like so: + + $ gawk 'BEGIN { PROCINFO["-", "READ_TIMEOUT"] = 5000 } + > { print "You entered: " $0 }' + gawk + -| You entered: gawk + + In this case, failure to respond within five seconds results in the +following error message: + + error--> gawk: cmd. line:2: (FILENAME=- FNR=1) fatal: error reading input file `-': Connection timed out + + The timeout can be set or changed at any time, and will take effect +on the next attempt to read from the input device. In the following +example, we start with a timeout value of one second, and progressively +reduce it by one-tenth of a second until we wait indefinitely for the +input to arrive: + + PROCINFO[Service, "READ_TIMEOUT"] = 1000 + while ((Service |& getline) > 0) { + print $0 + PROCINFO[S, "READ_TIMEOUT"] -= 100 + } + + NOTE: You should not assume that the read operation will block + exactly after the tenth record has been printed. It is possible + that `gawk' will read and buffer more than one record's worth of + data the first time. Because of this, changing the value of + timeout like in the above example is not very useful. + + If the `PROCINFO' element is not present and the environment +variable `GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT' exists, `gawk' uses its value to +initialize the timeout value. The exclusive use of the environment +variable to specify timeout has the disadvantage of not being able to +control it on a per command or connection basis. + + `gawk' considers a timeout event to be an error even though the +attempt to read from the underlying device may succeed in a later +attempt. This is a limitation, and it also means that you cannot use +this to multiplex input from two or more sources. + + Assigning a timeout value prevents read operations from blocking +indefinitely. But bear in mind that there are other ways `gawk' can +stall waiting for an input device to be ready. A network client can +sometimes take a long time to establish a connection before it can +start reading any data, or the attempt to open a FIFO special file for +reading can block indefinitely until some other process opens it for +writing. + + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) This assumes that standard input is the keyboard + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Command line directories, Prev: Read Timeout, Up: Reading Files + +4.11 Directories On The Command Line ==================================== According to the POSIX standard, files named on the `awk' command line @@ -6811,7 +6963,7 @@ Feature Default `--posix' or `--use-lc-numeric' Input Use period Use locale `strtonum()'Use period Use locale -Table 6.1: Locale Decimal Point versus A Period +Table 6.1: Locale Decimal Point versus A Period Finally, modern day formal standards and IEEE standard floating point representation can have an unusual but important effect on the way @@ -7153,7 +7305,7 @@ LVALUE `%=' MODULUS Sets LVALUE to its remainder by MODULUS. LVALUE `^=' POWER LVALUE `**=' POWER Raises LVALUE to the power POWER. (c.e.) -Table 6.2: Arithmetic Assignment Operators +Table 6.2: Arithmetic Assignment Operators NOTE: Only the `^=' operator is specified by POSIX. For maximum portability, do not use the `**=' operator. @@ -7458,7 +7610,7 @@ X `!~' Y True if the string X does not match the regexp SUBSCRIPT `in' True if the array ARRAY has an element with the ARRAY subscript SUBSCRIPT. -Table 6.3: Relational Operators +Table 6.3: Relational Operators Comparison expressions have the value one if true and zero if false. When comparing operands of mixed types, numeric operands are converted @@ -9304,7 +9456,8 @@ with a pound sign (`#'). Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for - `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]', *note AWKPATH Variable::). + `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]', *note AWKPATH Variable:: and + `ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]', *note AWKLIBPATH Variable::). `ERRNO #' If a system error occurs during a redirection for `getline', @@ -11268,7 +11421,7 @@ is illustrated in *note table-sub-escapes::. `\\\\\\&' `\\\&' a literal `\\&' `\\q' `\q' a literal `\q' -Table 9.1: Historical Escape Sequence Processing for `sub()' and +Table 9.1: Historical Escape Sequence Processing for `sub()' and `gsub()' This table shows both the lexical-level processing, where an odd number @@ -11293,7 +11446,8 @@ literally. The interpretation of `\' and `&' then becomes as shown in `\\\\&' `\\&' a literal `\', then the matched text `\\\\\\&' `\\\&' a literal `\&' -Table 9.2: 1992 POSIX Rules for sub and gsub Escape Sequence Processing +Table 9.2: 1992 POSIX Rules for sub and gsub Escape Sequence +Processing This appears to solve the problem. Unfortunately, the phrasing of the standard is unusual. It says, in effect, that `\' turns off the special @@ -11322,7 +11476,7 @@ table-sub-proposed::. `\\q' `\q' a literal `\q' `\\\\' `\\' `\\' -Table 9.3: Proposed rules for sub and backslash +Table 9.3: Proposed rules for sub and backslash In a nutshell, at the runtime level, there are now three special sequences of characters (`\\\&', `\\&' and `\&') whereas historically @@ -11349,7 +11503,7 @@ rules are presented in *note table-posix-sub::. `\\q' `\q' a literal `\q' `\\\\' `\\' `\' -Table 9.4: POSIX rules for `sub()' and `gsub()' +Table 9.4: POSIX rules for `sub()' and `gsub()' The only case where the difference is noticeable is the last one: `\\\\' is seen as `\\' and produces `\' instead of `\\'. @@ -11381,7 +11535,7 @@ the `\' does not, as shown in *note table-gensub-escapes::. `\\\\\\&' `\\\&' a literal `\&' `\\q' `\q' a literal `q' -Table 9.5: Escape Sequence Processing for `gensub()' +Table 9.5: Escape Sequence Processing for `gensub()' Because of the complexity of the lexical and runtime level processing and the special cases for `sub()' and `gsub()', we recommend the use of @@ -11930,7 +12084,7 @@ table-bitwise-ops::. 0 | 0 0 | 0 1 | 0 1 1 | 0 1 | 1 1 | 1 0 -Table 9.6: Bitwise Operations +Table 9.6: Bitwise Operations As you can see, the result of an AND operation is 1 only when _both_ bits are 1. The result of an OR operation is 1 if _either_ bit is 1. @@ -20076,6 +20230,9 @@ the current version of `gawk'. - The `AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path search for the `-f' command-line option (*note Options::). + - The `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable for specifying a path + search for the `-l' command-line option (*note Options::). + - The ability to use GNU-style long-named options that start with `--' and the `--characters-as-bytes', `--compat', `--dump-variables', `--exec', `--gen-pot', `--lint', @@ -22002,12 +22159,12 @@ net effect is that you can use those functions anywhere in the program. `gawk' has a list of directories where it searches for libraries. By default, the list includes directories that depend upon how gawk was -built and installed (*note AWKPATH Variable::). If you want `gawk' to -look for libraries in your private directory, you have to tell it. The -way to do it is to set the `AWKPATH' environment variable (*note -AWKPATH Variable::). `gawk' supplies the default suffix `.so' if it is -not present in the name of the library. If the name of your library is -`mylib.so', you can simply type +built and installed (*note AWKLIBPATH Variable::). If you want `gawk' +to look for libraries in your private directory, you have to tell it. +The way to do it is to set the `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable (*note +AWKLIBPATH Variable::). `gawk' supplies the default shared library +platform suffix if it is not present in the name of the library. If +the name of your library is `mylib.so', you can simply type $ gawk -l mylib -f myprog @@ -22015,7 +22172,7 @@ not present in the name of the library. If the name of your library is then call your `dlload()' routine. You can always specify the library using an absolute pathname, in -which case `gawk' will not use `AWKPATH' to search for it. +which case `gawk' will not use `AWKLIBPATH' to search for it. File: gawk.info, Node: Sample Library, Prev: Loading Extensions, Up: Dynamic Extensions @@ -24755,7 +24912,7 @@ Index * * (asterisk), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 87) * * (asterisk), * operator, null strings, matching: Gory Details. - (line 164) + (line 165) * * (asterisk), ** operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49) * * (asterisk), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * * (asterisk), **= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) @@ -24795,23 +24952,23 @@ Index * --gen-pot option <1>: String Extraction. (line 6) * --gen-pot option: Options. (line 144) * --help option: Options. (line 151) -* --L option: Options. (line 263) -* --lint option <1>: Options. (line 163) +* --L option: Options. (line 265) +* --lint option <1>: Options. (line 165) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) -* --lint-old option: Options. (line 263) +* --lint-old option: Options. (line 265) * --load option: Options. (line 156) * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) -* --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 182) +* --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 184) * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data. (line 36) -* --optimize option: Options. (line 203) -* --posix option: Options. (line 222) -* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 241) -* --pretty-print option: Options. (line 195) +* --optimize option: Options. (line 205) +* --posix option: Options. (line 224) +* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 243) +* --pretty-print option: Options. (line 197) * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 12) -* --profile option: Options. (line 210) -* --re-interval option: Options. (line 247) -* --sandbox option: Options. (line 254) +* --profile option: Options. (line 212) +* --re-interval option: Options. (line 249) +* --sandbox option: Options. (line 256) * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions. (line 85) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) @@ -24819,9 +24976,9 @@ Index (line 6) * --source option: Options. (line 114) * --traditional option: Options. (line 78) -* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 241) -* --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 190) -* --version option: Options. (line 268) +* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 243) +* --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 192) +* --version option: Options. (line 270) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 29) * -b option: Options. (line 68) @@ -24835,20 +24992,20 @@ Index * -f option: Options. (line 25) * -F option: Options. (line 21) * -f option: Long. (line 12) -* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 276) -* -f option, on command line: Options. (line 281) +* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 278) +* -f option, on command line: Options. (line 283) * -g option: Options. (line 144) * -h option: Options. (line 151) * -l option: Options. (line 156) -* -N option: Options. (line 190) -* -n option: Options. (line 182) -* -O option: Options. (line 203) -* -o option: Options. (line 195) -* -P option: Options. (line 222) -* -p option: Options. (line 210) -* -r option: Options. (line 247) -* -S option: Options. (line 254) -* -V option: Options. (line 268) +* -N option: Options. (line 192) +* -n option: Options. (line 184) +* -O option: Options. (line 205) +* -o option: Options. (line 197) +* -P option: Options. (line 224) +* -p option: Options. (line 212) +* -r option: Options. (line 249) +* -S option: Options. (line 256) +* -V option: Options. (line 270) * -v option: Options. (line 32) * -v option, variables, assigning: Assignment Options. (line 12) * -W option: Options. (line 46) @@ -24988,7 +25145,7 @@ Index (line 67) * advanced features, data files as single record: Records. (line 175) * advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 9) -* advanced features, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 207) +* advanced features, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 208) * advanced features, gawk: Advanced Features. (line 6) * advanced features, gawk, network programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) @@ -24998,7 +25155,7 @@ Index (line 23) * advanced features, network connections, See Also networks, connections: Advanced Features. (line 6) -* advanced features, null strings, matching: Gory Details. (line 164) +* advanced features, null strings, matching: Gory Details. (line 165) * advanced features, operators, precedence: Increment Ops. (line 61) * advanced features, piping into sh: Redirection. (line 143) * advanced features, regexp constants: Assignment Ops. (line 148) @@ -25095,7 +25252,7 @@ Index * asterisk (*), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 87) * asterisk (*), * operator, null strings, matching: Gory Details. - (line 164) + (line 165) * asterisk (*), ** operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49) * asterisk (*), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * asterisk (*), **= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) @@ -25105,9 +25262,9 @@ Index * atan2() function: Numeric Functions. (line 11) * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 25) * awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 105) -* awk enabling: Options. (line 195) +* awk enabling: Options. (line 197) * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 136) -* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 210) +* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 212) * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6) * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12) @@ -25159,6 +25316,7 @@ Index * awk, versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's awk: BTL. (line 6) * awk.h file (internal): Internals. (line 15) * awka compiler for awk: Other Versions. (line 55) +* AWKLIBPATH environment variable: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line 6) * AWKNUM internal type: Internals. (line 19) * AWKPATH environment variable <1>: PC Using. (line 11) * AWKPATH environment variable: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6) @@ -25462,7 +25620,7 @@ Index * cos() function: Numeric Functions. (line 14) * counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) -* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 323) +* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 325) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 44) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 72) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 103) @@ -25492,9 +25650,9 @@ Index * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Field Splitting Summary. (line 47) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 92) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 93) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 207) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 208) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -25631,7 +25789,7 @@ Index (line 67) * debugging awk programs: Debugger. (line 6) * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) -* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 238) +* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 240) * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -25647,6 +25805,8 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, ARGIND variable: Auto-set. (line 40) * differences in awk and gawk, array elements, deleting: Delete. (line 39) +* differences in awk and gawk, AWKLIBPATH environment variable: AWKLIBPATH Variable. + (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, AWKPATH environment variable: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, BEGIN/END patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END. @@ -25657,7 +25817,7 @@ Index (line 23) * differences in awk and gawk, close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 81) -* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 72) +* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 73) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 35) @@ -25686,14 +25846,14 @@ Index (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 123) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 124) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: Records. (line 112) * differences in awk and gawk, regexp constants: Using Constant Regexps. (line 43) * differences in awk and gawk, regular expressions: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: Records. (line 167) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 196) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 197) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -25710,6 +25870,7 @@ Index * directories, command line: Command line directories. (line 6) * directories, searching <1>: Igawk Program. (line 368) +* directories, searching <2>: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line 6) * directories, searching: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6) * disable debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 69) * display debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. @@ -25786,13 +25947,13 @@ Index * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 24) * ERRNO variable <1>: Internals. (line 130) * ERRNO variable <2>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* ERRNO variable <3>: Auto-set. (line 72) +* ERRNO variable <3>: Auto-set. (line 73) * ERRNO variable <4>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * ERRNO variable <5>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 139) * ERRNO variable: Getline. (line 19) * error handling: Special FD. (line 16) -* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 72) +* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 73) * error output: Special FD. (line 6) * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -25907,7 +26068,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 52) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 46) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 92) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 93) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -25972,9 +26133,9 @@ Index * floating-point, numbers <1>: Unexpected Results. (line 6) * floating-point, numbers: Basic Data Typing. (line 21) * floating-point, numbers, AWKNUM internal type: Internals. (line 19) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 102) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 103) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 207) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 208) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, in arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * force_number() internal function: Internals. (line 27) @@ -26010,7 +26171,7 @@ Index * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) -* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 234) +* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 236) * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 34) * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 68) * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -26090,13 +26251,13 @@ Index * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents. (line 6) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 72) +* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 73) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 139) * gawk, ERRNO variable in: Getline. (line 19) * gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 125) -* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 222) +* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 224) * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6) * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) * gawk, fflush() function in: I/O Functions. (line 44) @@ -26141,7 +26302,7 @@ Index * gawk, OS/2 version of: PC Using. (line 11) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 116) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 46) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 123) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 124) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -26149,7 +26310,7 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 157) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 196) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 197) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * gawk, RT variable in <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -26161,7 +26322,7 @@ Index * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 153) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 36) -* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 268) +* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 270) * gawk, VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 63) @@ -26252,7 +26413,7 @@ Index * help debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 68) * hexadecimal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 6) -* hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 182) +* hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 184) * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25) * Hughes, Phil: Acknowledgments. (line 43) * HUP signal: Profiling. (line 203) @@ -26472,9 +26633,9 @@ Index * lint checking, array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 43) * lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16) -* lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 163) +* lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 165) * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. - (line 307) + (line 309) * lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 88) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 98) @@ -26487,7 +26648,7 @@ Index * loading, library: Options. (line 156) * local variables: Variable Scope. (line 6) * locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 80) -* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 238) +* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 240) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. @@ -26523,7 +26684,7 @@ Index * matching, expressions, See comparison expressions: Typing and Comparison. (line 9) * matching, leftmost longest: Multiple Line. (line 26) -* matching, null strings: Gory Details. (line 164) +* matching, null strings: Gory Details. (line 165) * mawk program: Other Versions. (line 35) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * memory, releasing: Internals. (line 92) @@ -26555,7 +26716,7 @@ Index * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 67) -* newlines <2>: Options. (line 228) +* newlines <2>: Options. (line 230) * newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6) * newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) @@ -26583,7 +26744,7 @@ Index (line 44) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 107) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 108) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -26592,9 +26753,9 @@ Index * NODE internal type: Internals. (line 23) * nodes, duplicating: Internals. (line 87) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 118) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 207) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 208) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 50) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -26604,7 +26765,7 @@ Index * null strings, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 43) * null strings, converting numbers to strings: Conversion. (line 21) -* null strings, matching: Gory Details. (line 164) +* null strings, matching: Gory Details. (line 165) * null strings, quoting and: Quoting. (line 62) * number sign (#), #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 6) @@ -26635,7 +26796,7 @@ Index * oawk utility: Names. (line 17) * obsolete features: Obsolete. (line 6) * octal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 6) -* octal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 182) +* octal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 184) * OFMT variable <1>: User-modified. (line 115) * OFMT variable <2>: Conversion. (line 55) * OFMT variable: OFMT. (line 15) @@ -26780,7 +26941,7 @@ Index * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 61) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) -* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 328) +* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 330) * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 512) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 36) @@ -26830,11 +26991,11 @@ Index * POSIX awk, regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 157) * POSIX awk, timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6) * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 52) -* POSIX mode: Options. (line 222) +* POSIX mode: Options. (line 224) * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 23) * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 307) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 309) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 61) * precedence, regexp operators: Regexp Operators. (line 152) @@ -26881,7 +27042,7 @@ Index * PROCINFO array <4>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <5>: Two-way I/O. (line 116) * PROCINFO array <6>: Time Functions. (line 46) -* PROCINFO array <7>: Auto-set. (line 123) +* PROCINFO array <7>: Auto-set. (line 124) * PROCINFO array: Obsolete. (line 11) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 171) @@ -26991,7 +27152,7 @@ Index (line 59) * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 70) -* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 247) +* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 249) * regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest. (line 6) * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6) @@ -27025,7 +27186,7 @@ Index * right angle bracket (>), >> operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 50) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 74) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 183) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 184) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 223) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) @@ -27050,9 +27211,9 @@ Index * RS variable: Records. (line 20) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift() function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 51) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 189) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 190) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 223) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 196) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 197) * RT variable <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * RT variable <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -27065,7 +27226,7 @@ Index * rvalues/lvalues: Assignment Ops. (line 32) * s debugger command (alias for step): Debugger Execution Control. (line 68) -* sandbox mode: Options. (line 254) +* sandbox mode: Options. (line 256) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -27073,7 +27234,9 @@ Index * search paths <1>: VMS Running. (line 29) * search paths <2>: PC Using. (line 11) * search paths <3>: Igawk Program. (line 368) +* search paths <4>: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line 6) * search paths: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6) +* search paths, for shared libraries: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line 6) * search paths, for source files <1>: VMS Running. (line 29) * search paths, for source files <2>: PC Using. (line 11) * search paths, for source files <3>: Igawk Program. (line 368) @@ -27290,6 +27453,7 @@ Index * time, managing: Gettimeofday Function. (line 6) * time, retrieving: Time Functions. (line 17) +* timeout, reading input: Read Timeout. (line 6) * timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * timestamps, converting dates to: Time Functions. (line 74) * timestamps, formatted: Gettimeofday Function. @@ -27300,7 +27464,7 @@ Index * trace debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 110) * translate.awk program: Translate Program. (line 55) -* troubleshooting, --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 182) +* troubleshooting, --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 184) * troubleshooting, == operator: Comparison Operators. (line 37) * troubleshooting, awk uses FS not IFS: Field Separators. (line 29) @@ -27433,7 +27597,7 @@ Index * Wall, Larry <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Wall, Larry: Array Intro. (line 6) * Wallin, Anders: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* warnings, issuing: Options. (line 163) +* warnings, issuing: Options. (line 165) * watch debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 67) * wc utility: Wc Program. (line 6) @@ -27445,7 +27609,7 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) -* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 228) +* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 230) * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 35) * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 79) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 28) @@ -27501,417 +27665,421 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1346 -Node: Foreword30346 -Node: Preface34691 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-137744 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-237850 -Node: History38082 -Node: Names40473 -Ref: Names-Footnote-141950 -Node: This Manual42022 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-146960 -Node: Conventions47060 -Node: Manual History49194 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-152464 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-252505 -Node: How To Contribute52579 -Node: Acknowledgments53723 -Node: Getting Started58054 -Node: Running gawk60433 -Node: One-shot61619 -Node: Read Terminal62844 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-164494 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-264770 -Node: Long64941 -Node: Executable Scripts66317 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-168186 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-268288 -Node: Comments68739 -Node: Quoting71206 -Node: DOS Quoting75829 -Node: Sample Data Files76504 -Node: Very Simple79536 -Node: Two Rules84135 -Node: More Complex86282 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-189212 -Node: Statements/Lines89297 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-193759 -Node: Other Features94024 -Node: When94952 -Node: Invoking Gawk97099 -Node: Command Line98484 -Node: Options99267 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1113412 -Node: Other Arguments113437 -Node: Naming Standard Input116095 -Node: Environment Variables117189 -Node: AWKPATH Variable117633 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1120230 -Node: Other Environment Variables120490 -Node: Exit Status122830 -Node: Include Files123505 -Node: Obsolete126990 -Node: Undocumented127676 -Node: Regexp127917 -Node: Regexp Usage129306 -Node: Escape Sequences131332 -Node: Regexp Operators137095 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1144292 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2144439 -Node: Bracket Expressions144537 -Ref: table-char-classes146427 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators148950 -Node: Case-sensitivity152673 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1155641 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2155876 -Node: Leftmost Longest155984 -Node: Computed Regexps157185 -Node: Reading Files160595 -Node: Records162536 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1171210 -Node: Fields171247 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1174280 -Node: Nonconstant Fields174366 -Node: Changing Fields176568 -Node: Field Separators182549 -Node: Default Field Splitting185178 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting186295 -Node: Single Character Fields189637 -Node: Command Line Field Separator190696 -Node: Field Splitting Summary194137 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1197329 -Node: Constant Size197430 -Node: Splitting By Content202014 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1205740 -Node: Multiple Line205780 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1211627 -Node: Getline211806 -Node: Plain Getline214034 -Node: Getline/Variable216123 -Node: Getline/File217264 -Node: Getline/Variable/File218586 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1220185 -Node: Getline/Pipe220272 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe222832 -Node: Getline/Coprocess223939 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess225182 -Node: Getline Notes225896 -Node: Getline Summary227838 -Ref: table-getline-variants228181 -Node: Command line directories229037 -Node: Printing229662 -Node: Print231293 -Node: Print Examples232630 -Node: Output Separators235414 -Node: OFMT237174 -Node: Printf238532 -Node: Basic Printf239438 -Node: Control Letters240977 -Node: Format Modifiers244789 -Node: Printf Examples250798 -Node: Redirection253513 -Node: Special Files260497 -Node: Special FD261030 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1264655 -Node: Special Network264729 -Node: Special Caveats265579 -Node: Close Files And Pipes266375 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1273398 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2273546 -Node: Expressions273696 -Node: Values274828 -Node: Constants275504 -Node: Scalar Constants276184 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1277043 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers277225 -Node: Regexp Constants280284 -Node: Using Constant Regexps280759 -Node: Variables283814 -Node: Using Variables284469 -Node: Assignment Options286193 -Node: Conversion288065 -Ref: table-locale-affects293441 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1294065 -Node: All Operators294174 -Node: Arithmetic Ops294804 -Node: Concatenation297309 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1300102 -Node: Assignment Ops300222 -Ref: table-assign-ops305210 -Node: Increment Ops306618 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions310088 -Node: Truth Values311171 -Node: Typing and Comparison312220 -Node: Variable Typing313009 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1316906 -Node: Comparison Operators317028 -Ref: table-relational-ops317438 -Node: POSIX String Comparison320987 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1321943 -Node: Boolean Ops322081 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1326159 -Node: Conditional Exp326250 -Node: Function Calls327982 -Node: Precedence331576 -Node: Locales335245 -Node: Patterns and Actions336334 -Node: Pattern Overview337388 -Node: Regexp Patterns339057 -Node: Expression Patterns339600 -Node: Ranges343285 -Node: BEGIN/END346251 -Node: Using BEGIN/END347013 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1349744 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END349850 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE352132 -Node: Empty355025 -Node: Using Shell Variables355341 -Node: Action Overview357626 -Node: Statements359983 -Node: If Statement361837 -Node: While Statement363336 -Node: Do Statement365380 -Node: For Statement366536 -Node: Switch Statement369688 -Node: Break Statement371785 -Node: Continue Statement373775 -Node: Next Statement375568 -Node: Nextfile Statement377958 -Node: Exit Statement380503 -Node: Built-in Variables382919 -Node: User-modified384014 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1392040 -Node: Auto-set392102 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1401393 -Node: ARGC and ARGV401598 -Node: Arrays405449 -Node: Array Basics406954 -Node: Array Intro407780 -Node: Reference to Elements412098 -Node: Assigning Elements414368 -Node: Array Example414859 -Node: Scanning an Array416591 -Node: Controlling Scanning418905 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1423838 -Node: Delete424154 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1426589 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts426646 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts428829 -Node: Multi-dimensional430457 -Node: Multi-scanning433551 -Node: Arrays of Arrays435142 -Node: Functions439787 -Node: Built-in440609 -Node: Calling Built-in441687 -Node: Numeric Functions443675 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1447440 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2447797 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3447845 -Node: String Functions448114 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1471611 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2471740 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3471988 -Node: Gory Details472075 -Ref: table-sub-escapes473754 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92475108 -Ref: table-sub-proposed476451 -Ref: table-posix-sub477801 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes479347 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1480554 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2480605 -Node: I/O Functions480756 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1487411 -Node: Time Functions487558 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1498450 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2498518 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3498676 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4498787 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5498899 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6499126 -Node: Bitwise Functions499392 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops499950 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1504110 -Node: Type Functions504294 -Node: I18N Functions504764 -Node: User-defined506391 -Node: Definition Syntax507195 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1512105 -Node: Function Example512174 -Node: Function Caveats514768 -Node: Calling A Function515189 -Node: Variable Scope516304 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference518279 -Node: Return Statement521719 -Node: Dynamic Typing524700 -Node: Indirect Calls525435 -Node: Internationalization535120 -Node: I18N and L10N536546 -Node: Explaining gettext537232 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1542298 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2542482 -Node: Programmer i18n542647 -Node: Translator i18n546847 -Node: String Extraction547640 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1548601 -Node: Printf Ordering548687 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1551471 -Node: I18N Portability551535 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1553984 -Node: I18N Example554047 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1556682 -Node: Gawk I18N556754 -Node: Advanced Features557371 -Node: Nondecimal Data558884 -Node: Array Sorting560467 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal561164 -Node: Array Sorting Functions569401 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1573075 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-2573168 -Node: Two-way I/O573362 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1578794 -Node: TCP/IP Networking578864 -Node: Profiling581708 -Node: Library Functions589162 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1592169 -Node: Library Names592340 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1595811 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2596031 -Node: General Functions596117 -Node: Strtonum Function597070 -Node: Assert Function600000 -Node: Round Function603326 -Node: Cliff Random Function604869 -Node: Ordinal Functions605885 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1608955 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2609207 -Node: Join Function609416 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1611187 -Node: Gettimeofday Function611387 -Node: Data File Management615102 -Node: Filetrans Function615734 -Node: Rewind Function619873 -Node: File Checking621260 -Node: Empty Files622354 -Node: Ignoring Assigns624584 -Node: Getopt Function626137 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1637441 -Node: Passwd Functions637644 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1646619 -Node: Group Functions646707 -Node: Walking Arrays654791 -Node: Sample Programs656360 -Node: Running Examples657025 -Node: Clones657753 -Node: Cut Program658977 -Node: Egrep Program668822 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1676595 -Node: Id Program676705 -Node: Split Program680321 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1683840 -Node: Tee Program683968 -Node: Uniq Program686771 -Node: Wc Program694200 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1698466 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2698666 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs698758 -Node: Dupword Program699946 -Node: Alarm Program701977 -Node: Translate Program706726 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1711113 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2711341 -Node: Labels Program711475 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1714846 -Node: Word Sorting714930 -Node: History Sorting718814 -Node: Extract Program720653 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1728136 -Node: Simple Sed728264 -Node: Igawk Program731326 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1746483 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2746684 -Node: Anagram Program746822 -Node: Signature Program749890 -Node: Debugger750990 -Node: Debugging751942 -Node: Debugging Concepts752375 -Node: Debugging Terms754231 -Node: Awk Debugging756828 -Node: Sample Debugging Session757720 -Node: Debugger Invocation758240 -Node: Finding The Bug759569 -Node: List of Debugger Commands766057 -Node: Breakpoint Control767391 -Node: Debugger Execution Control771055 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data774415 -Node: Execution Stack777771 -Node: Debugger Info779238 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands783219 -Node: Readline Support788664 -Node: Limitations789495 -Node: Language History791747 -Node: V7/SVR3.1793259 -Node: SVR4795580 -Node: POSIX797022 -Node: BTL798030 -Node: POSIX/GNU798764 -Node: Common Extensions803915 -Node: Ranges and Locales805022 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-1809626 -Node: Contributors809847 -Node: Installation814108 -Node: Gawk Distribution815002 -Node: Getting815486 -Node: Extracting816312 -Node: Distribution contents818004 -Node: Unix Installation823226 -Node: Quick Installation823843 -Node: Additional Configuration Options825805 -Node: Configuration Philosophy827282 -Node: Non-Unix Installation829624 -Node: PC Installation830082 -Node: PC Binary Installation831381 -Node: PC Compiling833229 -Node: PC Testing836173 -Node: PC Using837349 -Node: Cygwin841534 -Node: MSYS842534 -Node: VMS Installation843048 -Node: VMS Compilation843651 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-1844658 -Node: VMS Installation Details844716 -Node: VMS Running846351 -Node: VMS Old Gawk847958 -Node: Bugs848432 -Node: Other Versions852284 -Node: Notes857599 -Node: Compatibility Mode858291 -Node: Additions859074 -Node: Accessing The Source859886 -Node: Adding Code861311 -Node: New Ports867278 -Node: Dynamic Extensions871391 -Node: Internals872831 -Node: Plugin License881350 -Node: Loading Extensions881988 -Node: Sample Library883798 -Node: Internal File Description884488 -Node: Internal File Ops888203 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1892927 -Node: Using Internal File Ops893067 -Node: Future Extensions895444 -Node: Basic Concepts897948 -Node: Basic High Level898705 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-1902740 -Node: Basic Data Typing902925 -Node: Floating Point Issues907450 -Node: String Conversion Precision908533 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1910233 -Node: Unexpected Results910342 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems912168 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1915873 -Node: Glossary915911 -Node: Copying940887 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License978444 -Node: Index1003581 +Node: Foreword30610 +Node: Preface34955 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-138008 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-238114 +Node: History38346 +Node: Names40737 +Ref: Names-Footnote-142214 +Node: This Manual42286 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-147224 +Node: Conventions47324 +Node: Manual History49458 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-152728 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-252769 +Node: How To Contribute52843 +Node: Acknowledgments53987 +Node: Getting Started58318 +Node: Running gawk60697 +Node: One-shot61883 +Node: Read Terminal63108 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-164758 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-265034 +Node: Long65205 +Node: Executable Scripts66581 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-168450 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-268552 +Node: Comments69003 +Node: Quoting71470 +Node: DOS Quoting76093 +Node: Sample Data Files76768 +Node: Very Simple79800 +Node: Two Rules84399 +Node: More Complex86546 +Ref: More Complex-Footnote-189476 +Node: Statements/Lines89561 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-194023 +Node: Other Features94288 +Node: When95216 +Node: Invoking Gawk97363 +Node: Command Line98824 +Node: Options99607 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1113930 +Node: Other Arguments113955 +Node: Naming Standard Input116613 +Node: Environment Variables117707 +Node: AWKPATH Variable118265 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1120854 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable121114 +Node: Other Environment Variables121711 +Node: Exit Status124206 +Node: Include Files124881 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries128382 +Node: Obsolete129599 +Node: Undocumented130296 +Node: Regexp130539 +Node: Regexp Usage131928 +Node: Escape Sequences133954 +Node: Regexp Operators139717 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1146914 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2147061 +Node: Bracket Expressions147159 +Ref: table-char-classes149049 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators151575 +Node: Case-sensitivity155298 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1158266 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2158501 +Node: Leftmost Longest158609 +Node: Computed Regexps159810 +Node: Reading Files163220 +Node: Records165224 +Ref: Records-Footnote-1173898 +Node: Fields173935 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1176968 +Node: Nonconstant Fields177054 +Node: Changing Fields179256 +Node: Field Separators185237 +Node: Default Field Splitting187866 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting188983 +Node: Single Character Fields192325 +Node: Command Line Field Separator193384 +Node: Field Splitting Summary196825 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1200017 +Node: Constant Size200118 +Node: Splitting By Content204702 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1208428 +Node: Multiple Line208468 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1214315 +Node: Getline214494 +Node: Plain Getline216710 +Node: Getline/Variable218799 +Node: Getline/File219940 +Node: Getline/Variable/File221262 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1222861 +Node: Getline/Pipe222948 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe225508 +Node: Getline/Coprocess226615 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess227858 +Node: Getline Notes228572 +Node: Getline Summary230514 +Ref: table-getline-variants230857 +Node: Read Timeout231716 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1235461 +Node: Command line directories235518 +Node: Printing236148 +Node: Print237779 +Node: Print Examples239116 +Node: Output Separators241900 +Node: OFMT243660 +Node: Printf245018 +Node: Basic Printf245924 +Node: Control Letters247463 +Node: Format Modifiers251275 +Node: Printf Examples257284 +Node: Redirection259999 +Node: Special Files266983 +Node: Special FD267516 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1271141 +Node: Special Network271215 +Node: Special Caveats272065 +Node: Close Files And Pipes272861 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1279884 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2280032 +Node: Expressions280182 +Node: Values281314 +Node: Constants281990 +Node: Scalar Constants282670 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1283529 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers283711 +Node: Regexp Constants286770 +Node: Using Constant Regexps287245 +Node: Variables290300 +Node: Using Variables290955 +Node: Assignment Options292679 +Node: Conversion294551 +Ref: table-locale-affects299927 +Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1300554 +Node: All Operators300663 +Node: Arithmetic Ops301293 +Node: Concatenation303798 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1306591 +Node: Assignment Ops306711 +Ref: table-assign-ops311699 +Node: Increment Ops313110 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions316580 +Node: Truth Values317663 +Node: Typing and Comparison318712 +Node: Variable Typing319501 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1323398 +Node: Comparison Operators323520 +Ref: table-relational-ops323930 +Node: POSIX String Comparison327482 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1328438 +Node: Boolean Ops328576 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1332654 +Node: Conditional Exp332745 +Node: Function Calls334477 +Node: Precedence338071 +Node: Locales341740 +Node: Patterns and Actions342829 +Node: Pattern Overview343883 +Node: Regexp Patterns345552 +Node: Expression Patterns346095 +Node: Ranges349780 +Node: BEGIN/END352746 +Node: Using BEGIN/END353508 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1356239 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END356345 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE358627 +Node: Empty361520 +Node: Using Shell Variables361836 +Node: Action Overview364121 +Node: Statements366478 +Node: If Statement368332 +Node: While Statement369831 +Node: Do Statement371875 +Node: For Statement373031 +Node: Switch Statement376183 +Node: Break Statement378280 +Node: Continue Statement380270 +Node: Next Statement382063 +Node: Nextfile Statement384453 +Node: Exit Statement386998 +Node: Built-in Variables389414 +Node: User-modified390509 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1398535 +Node: Auto-set398597 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1407950 +Node: ARGC and ARGV408155 +Node: Arrays412006 +Node: Array Basics413511 +Node: Array Intro414337 +Node: Reference to Elements418655 +Node: Assigning Elements420925 +Node: Array Example421416 +Node: Scanning an Array423148 +Node: Controlling Scanning425462 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1430395 +Node: Delete430711 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1433146 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts433203 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts435386 +Node: Multi-dimensional437014 +Node: Multi-scanning440108 +Node: Arrays of Arrays441699 +Node: Functions446344 +Node: Built-in447166 +Node: Calling Built-in448244 +Node: Numeric Functions450232 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1453997 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2454354 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3454402 +Node: String Functions454671 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1478168 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2478297 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3478545 +Node: Gory Details478632 +Ref: table-sub-escapes480311 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92481668 +Ref: table-sub-proposed483014 +Ref: table-posix-sub484367 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes485916 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1487126 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2487177 +Node: I/O Functions487328 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1493983 +Node: Time Functions494130 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1505022 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2505090 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3505248 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4505359 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5505471 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6505698 +Node: Bitwise Functions505964 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops506522 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1510685 +Node: Type Functions510869 +Node: I18N Functions511339 +Node: User-defined512966 +Node: Definition Syntax513770 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1518680 +Node: Function Example518749 +Node: Function Caveats521343 +Node: Calling A Function521764 +Node: Variable Scope522879 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference524854 +Node: Return Statement528294 +Node: Dynamic Typing531275 +Node: Indirect Calls532010 +Node: Internationalization541695 +Node: I18N and L10N543121 +Node: Explaining gettext543807 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1548873 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2549057 +Node: Programmer i18n549222 +Node: Translator i18n553422 +Node: String Extraction554215 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1555176 +Node: Printf Ordering555262 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1558046 +Node: I18N Portability558110 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1560559 +Node: I18N Example560622 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1563257 +Node: Gawk I18N563329 +Node: Advanced Features563946 +Node: Nondecimal Data565459 +Node: Array Sorting567042 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal567739 +Node: Array Sorting Functions575976 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1579650 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-2579743 +Node: Two-way I/O579937 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1585369 +Node: TCP/IP Networking585439 +Node: Profiling588283 +Node: Library Functions595737 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1598744 +Node: Library Names598915 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1602386 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2602606 +Node: General Functions602692 +Node: Strtonum Function603645 +Node: Assert Function606575 +Node: Round Function609901 +Node: Cliff Random Function611444 +Node: Ordinal Functions612460 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1615530 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2615782 +Node: Join Function615991 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1617762 +Node: Gettimeofday Function617962 +Node: Data File Management621677 +Node: Filetrans Function622309 +Node: Rewind Function626448 +Node: File Checking627835 +Node: Empty Files628929 +Node: Ignoring Assigns631159 +Node: Getopt Function632712 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1644016 +Node: Passwd Functions644219 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1653194 +Node: Group Functions653282 +Node: Walking Arrays661366 +Node: Sample Programs662935 +Node: Running Examples663600 +Node: Clones664328 +Node: Cut Program665552 +Node: Egrep Program675397 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1683170 +Node: Id Program683280 +Node: Split Program686896 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1690415 +Node: Tee Program690543 +Node: Uniq Program693346 +Node: Wc Program700775 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1705041 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2705241 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs705333 +Node: Dupword Program706521 +Node: Alarm Program708552 +Node: Translate Program713301 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1717688 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2717916 +Node: Labels Program718050 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1721421 +Node: Word Sorting721505 +Node: History Sorting725389 +Node: Extract Program727228 +Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1734711 +Node: Simple Sed734839 +Node: Igawk Program737901 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1753058 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2753259 +Node: Anagram Program753397 +Node: Signature Program756465 +Node: Debugger757565 +Node: Debugging758517 +Node: Debugging Concepts758950 +Node: Debugging Terms760806 +Node: Awk Debugging763403 +Node: Sample Debugging Session764295 +Node: Debugger Invocation764815 +Node: Finding The Bug766144 +Node: List of Debugger Commands772632 +Node: Breakpoint Control773966 +Node: Debugger Execution Control777630 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data780990 +Node: Execution Stack784346 +Node: Debugger Info785813 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands789794 +Node: Readline Support795239 +Node: Limitations796070 +Node: Language History798322 +Node: V7/SVR3.1799834 +Node: SVR4802155 +Node: POSIX803597 +Node: BTL804605 +Node: POSIX/GNU805339 +Node: Common Extensions810630 +Node: Ranges and Locales811737 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-1816341 +Node: Contributors816562 +Node: Installation820823 +Node: Gawk Distribution821717 +Node: Getting822201 +Node: Extracting823027 +Node: Distribution contents824719 +Node: Unix Installation829941 +Node: Quick Installation830558 +Node: Additional Configuration Options832520 +Node: Configuration Philosophy833997 +Node: Non-Unix Installation836339 +Node: PC Installation836797 +Node: PC Binary Installation838096 +Node: PC Compiling839944 +Node: PC Testing842888 +Node: PC Using844064 +Node: Cygwin848249 +Node: MSYS849249 +Node: VMS Installation849763 +Node: VMS Compilation850366 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-1851373 +Node: VMS Installation Details851431 +Node: VMS Running853066 +Node: VMS Old Gawk854673 +Node: Bugs855147 +Node: Other Versions858999 +Node: Notes864314 +Node: Compatibility Mode865006 +Node: Additions865789 +Node: Accessing The Source866601 +Node: Adding Code868026 +Node: New Ports873993 +Node: Dynamic Extensions878106 +Node: Internals879546 +Node: Plugin License888065 +Node: Loading Extensions888703 +Node: Sample Library890542 +Node: Internal File Description891232 +Node: Internal File Ops894947 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1899671 +Node: Using Internal File Ops899811 +Node: Future Extensions902188 +Node: Basic Concepts904692 +Node: Basic High Level905449 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-1909484 +Node: Basic Data Typing909669 +Node: Floating Point Issues914194 +Node: String Conversion Precision915277 +Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1916977 +Node: Unexpected Results917086 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems918912 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1922617 +Node: Glossary922655 +Node: Copying947631 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License985188 +Node: Index1010325 End Tag Table |