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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 771 |
1 files changed, 347 insertions, 424 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 5111770d..3779fa95 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -12281,24 +12281,6 @@ brackets ([ ]): truncated toward zero. For example, 'int(3)' is 3, 'int(3.9)' is 3, 'int(-3.9)' is -3, and 'int(-3)' is -3 as well. -'intdiv(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' - Perform integer division, similar to the standard C 'div()' - function. First, truncate 'numerator' and 'denominator' towards - zero, creating integer values. Clear the 'result' array, and then - set 'result["quotient"]' to the result of 'numerator / - denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set - 'result["remainder"]' to the result of 'numerator % denominator', - truncated towards zero to an integer. Attempting division by zero - causes a fatal error. The function returns zero upon success, and - -1 upon error. - - This function is primarily intended for use with arbitrary length - integers; it avoids creating MPFR arbitrary precision - floating-point values (*note Arbitrary Precision Integers::). - - This function is a 'gawk' extension. It is not available in - compatibility mode (*note Options::). - 'log(X)' Return the natural logarithm of X, if X is positive; otherwise, return 'NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally, @@ -23095,59 +23077,7 @@ the following: When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either '/' or '%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point value -(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In order to -do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision integers, use -the built-in 'intdiv()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). - - You can simulate the 'intdiv()' function in standard 'awk' using this -user-defined function: - - # intdiv --- do integer division - - function intdiv(numerator, denominator, result) - { - split("", result) - - numerator = int(numerator) - denominator = int(denominator) - result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) - result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) - - return 0.0 - } - - The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses -'intdiv()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose -to set: - - # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi - - BEGIN { - digits = 100000 - two = 2 * 10 ^ digits - pi = two - for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { - d = m * 2 + 1 - x = pi * m - intdiv(x, d, result) - pi = result["quotient"] - pi = pi + two - } - print pi - } - - When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: - - It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's - Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take a - look at lines (23) - (25) here: - <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html>. - - The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works - from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP - calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory - devices with smallish word sizes. See - <http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899>. +(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -27422,9 +27352,6 @@ current version of 'gawk'. - The 'bindtextdomain()', 'dcgettext()', and 'dcngettext()' functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::) - - The 'intdiv()' function for doing integer division and - remainder (*note Numeric Functions::) - * Changes and/or additions in the command-line options: - The 'AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path @@ -27887,8 +27814,6 @@ POSIX 'awk', in the order they were added to 'gawk'. * The 'igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed when 'gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::. - * The 'intdiv()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::. - * The maximum number of hexadecimal digits in '\x' escapes is now two. *Note Escape Sequences::. @@ -34297,8 +34222,6 @@ Index * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90) * int: Numeric Functions. (line 24) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* intdiv: Numeric Functions. (line 29) -* intdiv <1>: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -34448,9 +34371,9 @@ Index * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 47) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 29) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -34913,12 +34836,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 52) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 34) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 52) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 82) + (line 34) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 64) @@ -35096,7 +35019,7 @@ Index * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22) * sed utility <1>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility <2>: Glossary. (line 16) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 82) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 64) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 9) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines. (line 90) @@ -35200,8 +35123,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 93) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 93) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 75) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 75) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -35251,10 +35174,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 116) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 96) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 78) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 96) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 100) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 78) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 82) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard: Manual History. (line 6) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Acknowledgments. (line 18) @@ -35814,340 +35737,340 @@ Node: Functions517052 Node: Built-in518090 Node: Calling Built-in519171 Node: Numeric Functions521167 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1526112 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2526469 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3526517 -Node: String Functions526789 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1550447 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2550575 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3550823 -Node: Gory Details550910 -Ref: table-sub-escapes552701 -Ref: table-sub-proposed554220 -Ref: table-posix-sub555583 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes557124 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1557947 -Node: I/O Functions558101 -Ref: table-system-return-values564683 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1566663 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2566811 -Node: Time Functions566931 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1577598 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2577666 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3577824 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4577935 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5578047 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6578274 -Node: Bitwise Functions578540 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops579134 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1585167 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2585340 -Node: Type Functions585531 -Node: I18N Functions588206 -Node: User-defined589857 -Node: Definition Syntax590662 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1596349 -Node: Function Example596420 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1599342 -Node: Function Caveats599364 -Node: Calling A Function599882 -Node: Variable Scope600840 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference603834 -Node: Return Statement607333 -Node: Dynamic Typing610312 -Node: Indirect Calls611242 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1621493 -Node: Functions Summary621621 -Node: Library Functions624326 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1627933 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2628076 -Node: Library Names628247 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1631707 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2631930 -Node: General Functions632016 -Node: Strtonum Function633119 -Node: Assert Function636141 -Node: Round Function639467 -Node: Cliff Random 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-Node: Awk Debugging869739 -Node: Sample Debugging Session870645 -Node: Debugger Invocation871179 -Node: Finding The Bug872565 -Node: List of Debugger Commands879043 -Node: Breakpoint Control880376 -Node: Debugger Execution Control884070 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data887432 -Node: Execution Stack890806 -Node: Debugger Info892443 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands896514 -Node: Readline Support901602 -Node: Limitations902498 -Node: Debugging Summary904607 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic905886 -Node: Computer Arithmetic907302 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges910893 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1911615 -Node: Math Definitions911672 -Ref: table-ieee-formats914986 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1915589 -Node: MPFR features915694 -Node: FP Math Caution917411 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1918483 -Node: Inexactness of computations918852 -Node: Inexact representation919812 -Node: Comparing FP Values921172 -Node: Errors accumulate922254 -Node: Getting Accuracy923687 -Node: Try To 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+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1627016 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2627159 +Node: Library Names627330 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1630790 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2631013 +Node: General Functions631099 +Node: Strtonum Function632202 +Node: Assert Function635224 +Node: Round Function638550 +Node: Cliff Random Function640091 +Node: Ordinal Functions641107 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1644170 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2644422 +Node: Join Function644632 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1646402 +Node: Getlocaltime Function646602 +Node: Readfile Function650344 +Node: Shell Quoting652316 +Node: Data File Management653717 +Node: Filetrans Function654349 +Node: Rewind Function658445 +Node: File Checking660351 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1661685 +Node: Empty Files661886 +Node: Ignoring Assigns663865 +Node: Getopt Function665415 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1676884 +Node: Passwd Functions677084 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1685923 +Node: Group Functions686011 +Ref: Group 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+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1914672 +Node: MPFR features914777 +Node: FP Math Caution916494 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1917566 +Node: Inexactness of computations917935 +Node: Inexact representation918895 +Node: Comparing FP Values920255 +Node: Errors accumulate921337 +Node: Getting Accuracy922770 +Node: Try To Round925480 +Node: Setting precision926379 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings927076 +Node: Setting the rounding mode928906 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes929280 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1932688 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers932867 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1936054 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems936203 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1940085 +Node: Floating point summary940123 +Node: Dynamic Extensions942313 +Node: Extension Intro943866 +Node: Plugin License945132 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline945929 +Ref: figure-load-extension946368 +Ref: figure-register-new-function947933 +Ref: figure-call-new-function949025 +Node: Extension API Description951087 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction952729 +Node: General Data Types958063 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1965268 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions965567 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1968412 +Node: Constructor Functions968511 +Node: Registration Functions971510 +Node: Extension Functions972195 +Node: Exit Callback Functions977408 +Node: Extension Version String978658 +Node: Input Parsers979321 +Node: Output Wrappers992028 +Node: Two-way processors996540 +Node: Printing Messages998805 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1999976 +Node: Updating ERRNO1000129 +Node: Requesting Values1000868 +Ref: table-value-types-returned1001605 +Node: Accessing Parameters1002541 +Node: Symbol Table Access1003776 +Node: Symbol table by name1004288 +Node: Symbol table by cookie1006077 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11010262 +Node: Cached values1010326 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11013862 +Node: Array Manipulation1013953 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11015044 +Node: Array Data Types1015081 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11017739 +Node: Array Functions1017831 +Node: Flattening Arrays1022230 +Node: Creating Arrays1029171 +Node: Redirection API1033940 +Node: Extension API Variables1036782 +Node: Extension Versioning1037415 +Ref: gawk-api-version1037852 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1039580 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1040644 +Node: Changes from API V11044506 +Node: Finding Extensions1045166 +Node: Extension Example1045725 +Node: Internal File Description1046523 +Node: Internal File Ops1050603 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11062003 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1062143 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11064526 +Node: Extension Samples1064800 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1066329 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1073978 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1075465 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1076683 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1079893 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1080729 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1081618 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1082423 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1083012 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1083752 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1085694 +Node: Extension Sample Time1086789 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1088137 +Node: gawkextlib1088629 +Node: Extension summary1091076 +Node: Extension Exercises1094778 +Node: Language History1096276 +Node: V7/SVR3.11097932 +Node: SVR41100084 +Node: POSIX1101518 +Node: BTL1102897 +Node: POSIX/GNU1103626 +Node: Feature History1109404 +Node: Common Extensions1123715 +Node: Ranges and Locales1124998 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11129614 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21129641 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31129876 +Node: Contributors1130097 +Node: History summary1135657 +Node: Installation1137037 +Node: Gawk Distribution1137981 +Node: Getting1138465 +Node: Extracting1139426 +Node: Distribution contents1141064 +Node: Unix Installation1147406 +Node: Quick Installation1148088 +Node: Shell Startup Files1150502 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1151591 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1153580 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1155949 +Node: PC Installation1156409 +Node: PC Binary Installation1157247 +Node: PC Compiling1157682 +Node: PC Using1158799 +Node: Cygwin1161844 +Node: MSYS1162614 +Node: VMS Installation1163115 +Node: VMS Compilation1163906 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11165135 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1165193 +Node: VMS Installation Details1166878 +Node: VMS Running1169131 +Node: VMS GNV1173410 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1174145 +Node: Bugs1174616 +Node: Bug address1175279 +Node: Usenet1177676 +Node: Maintainers1178453 +Node: Other Versions1179829 +Node: Installation summary1186413 +Node: Notes1187448 +Node: Compatibility Mode1188313 +Node: Additions1189095 +Node: Accessing The Source1190020 +Node: Adding Code1191455 +Node: New Ports1197673 +Node: Derived Files1202161 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11207646 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21207681 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31208279 +Node: Future Extensions1208393 +Node: Implementation Limitations1209051 +Node: Extension Design1210234 +Node: Old Extension Problems1211388 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11212906 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1212963 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11216327 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1216516 +Node: Extension Future Growth1218629 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1219465 +Node: Notes summary1221228 +Node: Basic Concepts1222410 +Node: Basic High Level1223091 +Ref: figure-general-flow1223373 +Ref: figure-process-flow1224058 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11227359 +Node: Basic Data Typing1227544 +Node: Glossary1230872 +Node: Copying1262819 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1300358 +Node: Index1325476 End Tag Table |