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diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 59ce5ce6..b48319b7 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -10126,11 +10126,11 @@ description of each variable.) use binary I/O. Any other string value is treated the same as `"rw"', but causes `gawk' to generate a warning message. `BINMODE' is described in more detail in *note PC Using::. `mawk' - (*note Other Versions::), also supports this variable, but only + (*note Other Versions::) also supports this variable, but only using numeric values. ``CONVFMT'' - This string controls conversion of numbers to strings (*note + A string that controls the conversion of numbers to strings (*note Conversion::). It works by being passed, in effect, as the first argument to the `sprintf()' function (*note String Functions::). Its default value is `"%.6g"'. `CONVFMT' was introduced by the @@ -10177,7 +10177,7 @@ description of each variable.) `IGNORECASE #' If `IGNORECASE' is nonzero or non-null, then all string comparisons - and all regular expression matching are case independent. Thus, + and all regular expression matching are case-independent. Thus, regexp matching with `~' and `!~', as well as the `gensub()', `gsub()', `index()', `match()', `patsplit()', `split()', and `sub()' functions, record termination with `RS', and field @@ -10197,7 +10197,7 @@ description of each variable.) Assigning a false value to `LINT' turns off the lint warnings. This variable is a `gawk' extension. It is not special in other - `awk' implementations. Unlike the other special variables, + `awk' implementations. Unlike with the other special variables, changing `LINT' does affect the production of lint warnings, even if `gawk' is in compatibility mode. Much as the `--lint' and `--traditional' options independently control different aspects of @@ -10205,17 +10205,18 @@ description of each variable.) execution is independent of the flavor of `awk' being executed. `OFMT' - Controls conversion of numbers to strings (*note Conversion::) for - printing with the `print' statement. It works by being passed as - the first argument to the `sprintf()' function (*note String - Functions::). Its default value is `"%.6g"'. Earlier versions of - `awk' used `OFMT' to specify the format for converting numbers to - strings in general expressions; this is now done by `CONVFMT'. + A string that controls conversion of numbers to strings (*note + Conversion::) for printing with the `print' statement. It works + by being passed as the first argument to the `sprintf()' function + (*note String Functions::). Its default value is `"%.6g"'. + Earlier versions of `awk' used `OFMT' to specify the format for + converting numbers to strings in general expressions; this is now + done by `CONVFMT'. `OFS' - This is the output field separator (*note Output Separators::). - It is output between the fields printed by a `print' statement. - Its default value is `" "', a string consisting of a single space. + The output field separator (*note Output Separators::). It is + output between the fields printed by a `print' statement. Its + default value is `" "', a string consisting of a single space. `ORS' The output record separator. It is output at the end of every @@ -10265,7 +10266,7 @@ description of each variable.) File: gawk.info, Node: Auto-set, Next: ARGC and ARGV, Prev: User-modified, Up: Built-in Variables -7.5.2 Built-In Variables That Convey Information +7.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information ------------------------------------------------ The following is an alphabetical list of variables that `awk' sets @@ -10383,14 +10384,14 @@ Options::), they are not special: `NF' The number of fields in the current input record. `NF' is set - each time a new record is read, when a new field is created or + each time a new record is read, when a new field is created, or when `$0' changes (*note Fields::). Unlike most of the variables described in this node, assigning a value to `NF' has the potential to affect `awk''s internal workings. In particular, assignments to `NF' can be used to - create or remove fields from the current record. *Note Changing - Fields::. + create fields in or remove fields from the current record. *Note + Changing Fields::. `FUNCTAB #' An array whose indices and corresponding values are the names of @@ -10425,7 +10426,7 @@ Options::), they are not special: `PROCINFO["identifiers"]' A subarray, indexed by the names of all identifiers used in - the text of the AWK program. An "identifier" is simply the + the text of the `awk' program. An "identifier" is simply the name of a variable (be it scalar or array), built-in function, user-defined function, or extension function. For each identifier, the value of the element is one of the @@ -10446,7 +10447,7 @@ Options::), they are not special: `"untyped"' The identifier is untyped (could be used as a scalar or - array, `gawk' doesn't know yet). + an array; `gawk' doesn't know yet). `"user"' The identifier is a user-defined function. @@ -10535,7 +10536,7 @@ Options::), they are not special: string, or -1 if no match is found. `RSTART' - The start-index in characters of the substring that is matched by + The start index in characters of the substring that is matched by the `match()' function (*note String Functions::). `RSTART' is set by invoking the `match()' function. Its value is the position of the string where the matched substring starts, or zero if no @@ -10585,7 +10586,7 @@ Options::), they are not special: } NOTE: In order to avoid severe time-travel paradoxes,(2) - neither `FUNCTAB' nor `SYMTAB' are available as elements + neither `FUNCTAB' nor `SYMTAB' is available as an element within the `SYMTAB' array. Changing `NR' and `FNR' @@ -10724,7 +10725,7 @@ are passed on to the `awk' program. (*Note Getopt Function::, for an When designing your program, you should choose options that don't conflict with `gawk''s, because it will process any options that it accepts before passing the rest of the command line on to your program. -Using `#!' with the `-E' option may help (*Note Executable Scripts::, +Using `#!' with the `-E' option may help (*note Executable Scripts::, and *note Options::,). @@ -10735,14 +10736,14 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Pattern Action Summary, Prev: Built-in Variables, Up: * Pattern-action pairs make up the basic elements of an `awk' program. Patterns are either normal expressions, range - expressions, regexp constants, one of the special keywords - `BEGIN', `END', `BEGINFILE', `ENDFILE', or empty. The action + expressions, or regexp constants; one of the special keywords + `BEGIN', `END', `BEGINFILE', or `ENDFILE'; or empty. The action executes if the current record matches the pattern. Empty (missing) patterns match all records. - * I/O from `BEGIN' and `END' rules have certain constraints. This - is also true, only more so, for `BEGINFILE' and `ENDFILE' rules. - The latter two give you "hooks" into `gawk''s file processing, + * I/O from `BEGIN' and `END' rules has certain constraints. This is + also true, only more so, for `BEGINFILE' and `ENDFILE' rules. The + latter two give you "hooks" into `gawk''s file processing, allowing you to recover from a file that otherwise would cause a fatal error (such as a file that cannot be opened). @@ -10763,11 +10764,11 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Pattern Action Summary, Prev: Built-in Variables, Up: iteration of a loop (or get out of a `switch'). * `next' and `nextfile' let you read the next record and start over - at the top of your program, or skip to the next input file and + at the top of your program or skip to the next input file and start over, respectively. * The `exit' statement terminates your program. When executed from - an action (or function body) it transfers control to the `END' + an action (or function body), it transfers control to the `END' statements. From an `END' statement body, it exits immediately. You may pass an optional numeric value to be used as `awk''s exit status. @@ -32635,7 +32636,7 @@ Index (line 77) * differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 283) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. - (line 151) + (line 152) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. (line 66) * directories, command-line: Command-line directories. @@ -33124,7 +33125,7 @@ Index * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) * gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 283) -* gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 151) +* gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 152) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 300) @@ -33328,7 +33329,7 @@ Index * internationalization: I18N Functions. (line 6) * internationalization, localization <1>: Internationalization. (line 13) -* internationalization, localization: User-modified. (line 151) +* internationalization, localization: User-modified. (line 152) * internationalization, localization, character classes: Bracket Expressions. (line 101) * internationalization, localization, gawk and: Internationalization. @@ -33624,7 +33625,7 @@ Index * OFMT variable <2>: Strings And Numbers. (line 57) * OFMT variable: OFMT. (line 15) * OFMT variable, POSIX awk and: OFMT. (line 27) -* OFS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 113) +* OFS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 114) * OFS variable <2>: Output Separators. (line 6) * OFS variable: Changing Fields. (line 64) * OpenBSD: Glossary. (line 753) @@ -33677,7 +33678,7 @@ Index (line 12) * ord() user-defined function: Ordinal Functions. (line 16) * order of evaluation, concatenation: Concatenation. (line 41) -* ORS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 118) +* ORS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 119) * ORS variable: Output Separators. (line 21) * output field separator, See OFS variable: Changing Fields. (line 64) * output record separator, See ORS variable: Output Separators. @@ -33817,7 +33818,7 @@ Index * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) * POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 339) -* PREC variable: User-modified. (line 123) +* PREC variable: User-modified. (line 124) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 60) * precedence, regexp operators: Regexp Operators. (line 156) @@ -33832,7 +33833,7 @@ Index * print statement, commas, omitting: Print Examples. (line 31) * print statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 71) * print statement, line continuations and: Print Examples. (line 76) -* print statement, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 113) +* print statement, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 114) * print statement, See Also redirection, of output: Redirection. (line 17) * print statement, sprintf() function and: Round Function. (line 6) @@ -33947,7 +33948,7 @@ Index * readfile() user-defined function: Readfile Function. (line 30) * reading input files: Reading Files. (line 6) * recipe for a programming language: History. (line 6) -* record separators <1>: User-modified. (line 132) +* record separators <1>: User-modified. (line 133) * record separators: awk split records. (line 6) * record separators, changing: awk split records. (line 85) * record separators, regular expressions as: awk split records. @@ -34059,8 +34060,8 @@ Index * round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * round() user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16) * rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6) -* ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 127) -* RS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 132) +* ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 128) +* RS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 133) * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) @@ -34117,12 +34118,12 @@ Index * separators, field, FIELDWIDTHS variable and: User-modified. (line 37) * separators, field, FPAT variable and: User-modified. (line 43) * separators, field, POSIX and: Fields. (line 6) -* separators, for records <1>: User-modified. (line 132) +* separators, for records <1>: User-modified. (line 133) * separators, for records: awk split records. (line 6) * separators, for records, regular expressions as: awk split records. (line 125) * separators, for statements in actions: Action Overview. (line 19) -* separators, subscript: User-modified. (line 145) +* separators, subscript: User-modified. (line 146) * set breakpoint: Breakpoint Control. (line 11) * set debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 59) @@ -34254,7 +34255,7 @@ Index * split.awk program: Split Program. (line 30) * sprintf <1>: String Functions. (line 383) * sprintf: OFMT. (line 15) -* sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 113) +* sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 114) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) * sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 92) @@ -34316,7 +34317,7 @@ Index (line 43) * sub() function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 462) * sub() function, escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6) -* subscript separators: User-modified. (line 145) +* subscript separators: User-modified. (line 146) * subscripts in arrays, multidimensional: Multidimensional. (line 10) * subscripts in arrays, multidimensional, scanning: Multiscanning. (line 11) @@ -34324,7 +34325,7 @@ Index (line 6) * subscripts in arrays, uninitialized variables as: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) -* SUBSEP variable: User-modified. (line 145) +* SUBSEP variable: User-modified. (line 146) * SUBSEP variable, and multidimensional arrays: Multidimensional. (line 16) * substitute in string: String Functions. (line 90) @@ -34363,7 +34364,7 @@ Index * text, printing: Print. (line 22) * text, printing, unduplicated lines of: Uniq Program. (line 6) * TEXTDOMAIN variable <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 9) -* TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 151) +* TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 152) * TEXTDOMAIN variable, BEGIN pattern and: Programmer i18n. (line 60) * TEXTDOMAIN variable, portability and: I18N Portability. (line 20) * textdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 28) @@ -34802,361 +34803,361 @@ Node: Nextfile Statement426800 Node: Exit Statement429428 Node: Built-in Variables431839 Node: User-modified432972 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440653 -Node: Auto-set440715 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454407 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2454612 -Node: ARGC and ARGV454668 -Node: Pattern Action Summary458886 -Node: Arrays461313 -Node: Array Basics462642 -Node: Array Intro463486 -Ref: figure-array-elements465450 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1467976 -Node: Reference to Elements468104 -Node: Assigning Elements470556 -Node: Array Example471047 -Node: Scanning an Array472805 -Node: Controlling Scanning475821 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1481017 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts481333 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483518 -Node: Delete485135 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487878 -Node: Multidimensional487935 -Node: Multiscanning491032 -Node: Arrays of Arrays492621 -Node: Arrays Summary497380 -Node: Functions499472 -Node: Built-in500371 -Node: Calling Built-in501449 -Node: Numeric Functions503440 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1508259 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2508616 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3508664 -Node: String Functions508936 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1532411 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2532540 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3532788 -Node: Gory Details532875 -Ref: table-sub-escapes534656 -Ref: table-sub-proposed536176 -Ref: table-posix-sub537540 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes539076 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1539908 -Node: I/O Functions540059 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1547277 -Node: Time Functions547424 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1557912 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2557980 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3558138 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4558249 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5558361 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6558588 -Node: Bitwise Functions558854 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops559416 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1563725 -Node: Type Functions563894 -Node: I18N Functions565045 -Node: User-defined566690 -Node: Definition Syntax567495 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572902 -Node: Function Example572973 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1575892 -Node: Function Caveats575914 -Node: Calling A Function576432 -Node: Variable Scope577390 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference580378 -Node: Return Statement583873 -Node: Dynamic Typing586854 -Node: Indirect Calls587783 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1599085 -Node: Functions Summary599213 -Node: Library Functions601915 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1605524 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2605667 -Node: Library Names605838 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1609292 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2609515 -Node: General Functions609601 -Node: Strtonum Function610704 -Node: Assert Function613726 -Node: Round Function617050 -Node: Cliff Random Function618591 -Node: Ordinal Functions619607 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1622670 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2622922 -Node: Join Function623133 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1624902 -Node: Getlocaltime Function625102 -Node: Readfile Function628846 -Node: Shell Quoting630816 -Node: Data File Management632217 -Node: Filetrans Function632849 -Node: Rewind Function636905 -Node: File Checking638292 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1639624 -Node: Empty Files639825 -Node: Ignoring Assigns641804 -Node: Getopt Function643355 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1654817 -Node: Passwd Functions655017 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1663854 -Node: Group Functions663942 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1671836 -Node: Walking Arrays672049 -Node: Library Functions Summary673652 -Node: Library Exercises675053 -Node: Sample Programs676333 -Node: Running Examples677103 -Node: Clones677831 -Node: Cut Program679055 -Node: Egrep Program688774 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1696272 -Node: Id Program696382 -Node: Split Program700027 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1703475 -Node: Tee Program703603 -Node: Uniq Program706392 -Node: Wc Program713811 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1718061 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs718155 -Node: Dupword Program719368 -Node: Alarm Program721399 -Node: Translate Program726203 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1730768 -Node: Labels Program731038 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1734389 -Node: Word Sorting734473 -Node: History Sorting738544 -Node: Extract Program740380 -Node: Simple Sed747905 -Node: Igawk Program750973 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1765297 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2765498 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3765620 -Node: Anagram Program765735 -Node: Signature Program768792 -Node: Programs Summary770039 -Node: Programs Exercises771232 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1775363 -Node: Advanced Features775454 -Node: Nondecimal Data777402 -Node: Array Sorting778992 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal779689 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1788022 -Node: Array Sorting Functions788140 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1792029 -Node: Two-way I/O792225 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1797170 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2797356 -Node: TCP/IP Networking797438 -Node: Profiling800311 -Node: Advanced Features Summary808588 -Node: Internationalization810521 -Node: I18N and L10N812001 -Node: Explaining gettext812687 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1817712 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2817896 -Node: Programmer i18n818061 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1822927 -Node: Translator i18n822976 -Node: String Extraction823770 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1824901 -Node: Printf Ordering824987 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1827773 -Node: I18N Portability827837 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1830292 -Node: I18N Example830355 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1833158 -Node: Gawk I18N833230 -Node: I18N Summary833868 -Node: Debugger835207 -Node: Debugging836229 -Node: Debugging Concepts836670 -Node: Debugging Terms838523 -Node: Awk Debugging841095 -Node: Sample Debugging Session841989 -Node: Debugger Invocation842509 -Node: Finding The Bug843893 -Node: List of Debugger Commands850368 -Node: Breakpoint Control851701 -Node: Debugger Execution Control855397 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data858761 -Node: Execution Stack862139 -Node: Debugger Info863776 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands867793 -Node: Readline Support872822 -Node: Limitations873714 -Node: Debugging Summary875828 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic876996 -Node: Computer Arithmetic878412 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges882010 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1882869 -Node: Math Definitions882926 -Ref: table-ieee-formats886214 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1886818 -Node: MPFR features886923 -Node: FP Math Caution888594 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1889644 -Node: Inexactness of computations890013 -Node: Inexact representation890972 -Node: Comparing FP Values892329 -Node: Errors accumulate893411 -Node: Getting Accuracy894844 -Node: Try To Round897506 -Node: Setting precision898405 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings899089 -Node: Setting the rounding mode900878 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes901242 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1904697 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers904876 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1909776 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems909925 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1913798 -Node: Floating point summary913836 -Node: Dynamic Extensions916030 -Node: Extension Intro917582 -Node: Plugin License918848 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline919645 -Ref: figure-load-extension920073 -Ref: figure-register-new-function921553 -Ref: figure-call-new-function922557 -Node: Extension API Description924543 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction925993 -Node: General Data Types930817 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1936556 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions936855 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1939694 -Node: Constructor Functions939790 -Node: Registration Functions941524 -Node: Extension Functions942209 -Node: Exit Callback Functions944506 -Node: Extension Version String945754 -Node: Input Parsers946419 -Node: Output Wrappers956298 -Node: Two-way processors960813 -Node: Printing Messages963017 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1964093 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'964245 -Node: Requesting Values964985 -Ref: table-value-types-returned965713 -Node: Accessing Parameters966670 -Node: Symbol Table Access967901 -Node: Symbol table by name968415 -Node: Symbol table by cookie970396 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1974540 -Node: Cached values974603 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1978102 -Node: Array Manipulation978193 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1979291 -Node: Array Data Types979328 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1981983 -Node: Array Functions982075 -Node: Flattening Arrays985929 -Node: Creating Arrays992821 -Node: Extension API Variables997592 -Node: Extension Versioning998228 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables1000129 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate1001194 -Node: Finding Extensions1005003 -Node: Extension Example1005563 -Node: Internal File Description1006335 -Node: Internal File Ops1010402 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11022072 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1022212 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11024595 -Node: Extension Samples1024868 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1026394 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1034032 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1035523 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1036738 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1038413 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1039249 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1040125 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1040936 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1041526 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1042266 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1044206 -Node: Extension Sample Time1045301 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1046650 -Node: gawkextlib1047141 -Node: Extension summary1049799 -Node: Extension Exercises1053488 -Node: Language History1054210 -Node: V7/SVR3.11055866 -Node: SVR41058047 -Node: POSIX1059492 -Node: BTL1060881 -Node: POSIX/GNU1061615 -Node: Feature History1067239 -Node: Common Extensions1080337 -Node: Ranges and Locales1081661 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11086279 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21086306 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31086540 -Node: Contributors1086761 -Node: History summary1092302 -Node: Installation1093672 -Node: Gawk Distribution1094618 -Node: Getting1095102 -Node: Extracting1095925 -Node: Distribution contents1097560 -Node: Unix Installation1103625 -Node: Quick Installation1104308 -Node: Shell Startup Files1106719 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1107798 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1109537 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1111906 -Node: PC Installation1112364 -Node: PC Binary Installation1113683 -Node: PC Compiling1115531 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11118552 -Node: PC Testing1118661 -Node: PC Using1119837 -Node: Cygwin1123952 -Node: MSYS1124775 -Node: VMS Installation1125275 -Node: VMS Compilation1126067 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11127289 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1127347 -Node: VMS Installation Details1129031 -Node: VMS Running1131283 -Node: VMS GNV1134119 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1134853 -Node: Bugs1135323 -Node: Other Versions1139206 -Node: Installation summary1145630 -Node: Notes1146686 -Node: Compatibility Mode1147551 -Node: Additions1148333 -Node: Accessing The Source1149258 -Node: Adding Code1150693 -Node: New Ports1156850 -Node: Derived Files1161332 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11166807 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21166841 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31167437 -Node: Future Extensions1167551 -Node: Implementation Limitations1168157 -Node: Extension Design1169405 -Node: Old Extension Problems1170559 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11172076 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1172133 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11175493 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1175682 -Node: Extension Future Growth1177790 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1178626 -Node: Notes summary1180388 -Node: Basic Concepts1181574 -Node: Basic High Level1182255 -Ref: figure-general-flow1182527 -Ref: figure-process-flow1183126 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11186355 -Node: Basic Data Typing1186540 -Node: Glossary1189868 -Node: Copying1221797 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1259353 -Node: Index1284489 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440675 +Node: Auto-set440737 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454446 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2454651 +Node: ARGC and ARGV454707 +Node: Pattern Action Summary458925 +Node: Arrays461358 +Node: Array Basics462687 +Node: Array Intro463531 +Ref: figure-array-elements465495 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1468021 +Node: Reference to Elements468149 +Node: Assigning Elements470601 +Node: Array Example471092 +Node: Scanning an Array472850 +Node: Controlling Scanning475866 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1481062 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts481378 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483563 +Node: Delete485180 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487923 +Node: Multidimensional487980 +Node: Multiscanning491077 +Node: Arrays of Arrays492666 +Node: Arrays Summary497425 +Node: Functions499517 +Node: Built-in500416 +Node: Calling Built-in501494 +Node: Numeric Functions503485 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1508304 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2508661 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3508709 +Node: String Functions508981 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1532456 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2532585 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3532833 +Node: Gory Details532920 +Ref: table-sub-escapes534701 +Ref: table-sub-proposed536221 +Ref: table-posix-sub537585 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes539121 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1539953 +Node: I/O Functions540104 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1547322 +Node: Time Functions547469 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1557957 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2558025 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3558183 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4558294 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5558406 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6558633 +Node: Bitwise Functions558899 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops559461 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1563770 +Node: Type Functions563939 +Node: I18N Functions565090 +Node: User-defined566735 +Node: Definition Syntax567540 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572947 +Node: Function Example573018 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1575937 +Node: Function Caveats575959 +Node: Calling A Function576477 +Node: Variable Scope577435 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference580423 +Node: Return Statement583918 +Node: Dynamic Typing586899 +Node: Indirect Calls587828 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1599130 +Node: Functions Summary599258 +Node: Library Functions601960 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1605569 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2605712 +Node: Library Names605883 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1609337 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2609560 +Node: General Functions609646 +Node: Strtonum Function610749 +Node: Assert Function613771 +Node: Round Function617095 +Node: Cliff Random Function618636 +Node: Ordinal Functions619652 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1622715 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2622967 +Node: Join Function623178 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1624947 +Node: Getlocaltime Function625147 +Node: Readfile Function628891 +Node: Shell Quoting630861 +Node: Data File Management632262 +Node: Filetrans Function632894 +Node: Rewind Function636950 +Node: File Checking638337 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1639669 +Node: Empty Files639870 +Node: Ignoring Assigns641849 +Node: Getopt Function643400 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1654862 +Node: Passwd Functions655062 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1663899 +Node: Group Functions663987 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1671881 +Node: Walking Arrays672094 +Node: Library Functions Summary673697 +Node: Library Exercises675098 +Node: Sample Programs676378 +Node: Running Examples677148 +Node: Clones677876 +Node: Cut Program679100 +Node: Egrep Program688819 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1696317 +Node: Id Program696427 +Node: Split Program700072 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1703520 +Node: Tee Program703648 +Node: Uniq Program706437 +Node: Wc Program713856 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1718106 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs718200 +Node: Dupword Program719413 +Node: Alarm Program721444 +Node: Translate Program726248 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1730813 +Node: Labels Program731083 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1734434 +Node: Word Sorting734518 +Node: History Sorting738589 +Node: Extract Program740425 +Node: Simple Sed747950 +Node: Igawk Program751018 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1765342 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2765543 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3765665 +Node: Anagram Program765780 +Node: Signature Program768837 +Node: Programs Summary770084 +Node: Programs Exercises771277 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1775408 +Node: Advanced Features775499 +Node: Nondecimal Data777447 +Node: Array Sorting779037 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal779734 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1788067 +Node: Array Sorting Functions788185 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1792074 +Node: Two-way I/O792270 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1797215 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2797401 +Node: TCP/IP Networking797483 +Node: Profiling800356 +Node: Advanced Features Summary808633 +Node: Internationalization810566 +Node: I18N and L10N812046 +Node: Explaining gettext812732 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1817757 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2817941 +Node: Programmer i18n818106 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1822972 +Node: Translator i18n823021 +Node: String Extraction823815 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1824946 +Node: Printf Ordering825032 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1827818 +Node: I18N Portability827882 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1830337 +Node: I18N Example830400 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1833203 +Node: Gawk I18N833275 +Node: I18N Summary833913 +Node: Debugger835252 +Node: Debugging836274 +Node: Debugging Concepts836715 +Node: Debugging Terms838568 +Node: Awk Debugging841140 +Node: Sample Debugging Session842034 +Node: Debugger Invocation842554 +Node: Finding The Bug843938 +Node: List of Debugger Commands850413 +Node: Breakpoint Control851746 +Node: Debugger Execution Control855442 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data858806 +Node: Execution Stack862184 +Node: Debugger Info863821 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands867838 +Node: Readline Support872867 +Node: Limitations873759 +Node: Debugging Summary875873 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic877041 +Node: Computer Arithmetic878457 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges882055 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1882914 +Node: Math Definitions882971 +Ref: table-ieee-formats886259 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1886863 +Node: MPFR features886968 +Node: FP Math Caution888639 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1889689 +Node: Inexactness of computations890058 +Node: Inexact representation891017 +Node: Comparing FP Values892374 +Node: Errors accumulate893456 +Node: Getting Accuracy894889 +Node: Try To Round897551 +Node: Setting precision898450 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings899134 +Node: Setting the rounding mode900923 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes901287 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1904742 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers904921 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1909821 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems909970 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1913843 +Node: Floating point summary913881 +Node: Dynamic Extensions916075 +Node: Extension Intro917627 +Node: Plugin License918893 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline919690 +Ref: figure-load-extension920118 +Ref: figure-register-new-function921598 +Ref: figure-call-new-function922602 +Node: Extension API Description924588 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction926038 +Node: General Data Types930862 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1936601 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions936900 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1939739 +Node: Constructor Functions939835 +Node: Registration Functions941569 +Node: Extension Functions942254 +Node: Exit Callback Functions944551 +Node: Extension Version String945799 +Node: Input Parsers946464 +Node: Output Wrappers956343 +Node: Two-way processors960858 +Node: Printing Messages963062 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1964138 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'964290 +Node: Requesting Values965030 +Ref: table-value-types-returned965758 +Node: Accessing Parameters966715 +Node: Symbol Table Access967946 +Node: Symbol table by name968460 +Node: Symbol table by cookie970441 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1974585 +Node: Cached values974648 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1978147 +Node: Array Manipulation978238 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1979336 +Node: Array Data Types979373 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1982028 +Node: Array Functions982120 +Node: Flattening Arrays985974 +Node: Creating Arrays992866 +Node: Extension API Variables997637 +Node: Extension Versioning998273 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables1000174 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate1001239 +Node: Finding Extensions1005048 +Node: Extension Example1005608 +Node: Internal File Description1006380 +Node: Internal File Ops1010447 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11022117 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1022257 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11024640 +Node: Extension Samples1024913 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1026439 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1034077 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1035568 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1036783 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1038458 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1039294 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1040170 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1040981 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1041571 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1042311 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1044251 +Node: Extension Sample Time1045346 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1046695 +Node: gawkextlib1047186 +Node: Extension summary1049844 +Node: Extension Exercises1053533 +Node: Language History1054255 +Node: V7/SVR3.11055911 +Node: SVR41058092 +Node: POSIX1059537 +Node: BTL1060926 +Node: POSIX/GNU1061660 +Node: Feature History1067284 +Node: Common Extensions1080382 +Node: Ranges and Locales1081706 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11086324 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21086351 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31086585 +Node: Contributors1086806 +Node: History summary1092347 +Node: Installation1093717 +Node: Gawk Distribution1094663 +Node: Getting1095147 +Node: Extracting1095970 +Node: Distribution contents1097605 +Node: Unix Installation1103670 +Node: Quick Installation1104353 +Node: Shell Startup Files1106764 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1107843 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1109582 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1111951 +Node: PC Installation1112409 +Node: PC Binary Installation1113728 +Node: PC Compiling1115576 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11118597 +Node: PC Testing1118706 +Node: PC Using1119882 +Node: Cygwin1123997 +Node: MSYS1124820 +Node: VMS Installation1125320 +Node: VMS Compilation1126112 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11127334 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1127392 +Node: VMS Installation Details1129076 +Node: VMS Running1131328 +Node: VMS GNV1134164 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1134898 +Node: Bugs1135368 +Node: Other Versions1139251 +Node: Installation summary1145675 +Node: Notes1146731 +Node: Compatibility Mode1147596 +Node: Additions1148378 +Node: Accessing The Source1149303 +Node: Adding Code1150738 +Node: New Ports1156895 +Node: Derived Files1161377 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11166852 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21166886 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31167482 +Node: Future Extensions1167596 +Node: Implementation Limitations1168202 +Node: Extension Design1169450 +Node: Old Extension Problems1170604 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11172121 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1172178 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11175538 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1175727 +Node: Extension Future Growth1177835 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1178671 +Node: Notes summary1180433 +Node: Basic Concepts1181619 +Node: Basic High Level1182300 +Ref: figure-general-flow1182572 +Ref: figure-process-flow1183171 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11186400 +Node: Basic Data Typing1186585 +Node: Glossary1189913 +Node: Copying1221842 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1259398 +Node: Index1284534 End Tag Table |