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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
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1 files changed, 730 insertions, 610 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 376076d9..ba5dbdf5 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". `getline'. * Getline Summary:: Summary of `getline' Variants. * Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout. +* Retrying Input:: Retrying input after certain errors. * Command-line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on the command line. * Input Summary:: Input summary. @@ -557,6 +558,7 @@ entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". * Array Functions:: Functions for working with arrays. * Flattening Arrays:: How to flatten arrays. * Creating Arrays:: How to create and populate arrays. +* Redirection API:: How to access and manipulate redirections. * Extension API Variables:: Variables provided by the API. * Extension Versioning:: API Version information. * Extension API Informational Variables:: Variables providing information about @@ -4169,6 +4171,7 @@ have to be named on the `awk' command line (*note Getline::). * Getline:: Reading files under explicit program control using the `getline' function. * Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout. +* Retrying Input:: Retrying input after certain errors. * Command-line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on the command line. * Input Summary:: Input summary. @@ -5440,7 +5443,11 @@ how `awk' works. encounters the end of the file. If there is some error in getting a record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then `getline' returns -1. In this case, `gawk' sets the variable `ERRNO' to a string -describing the error that occurred. +describing the error that occurred. If the `errno' variable indicates +that the I/O operation may be retried, and `PROCINFO["input", "RETRY"]' +is set, then -2 will be returned instead of -1, and further calls to +`getline' may be attemped. *Note Retrying Input::, for further +information about this feature. In the following examples, COMMAND stands for a string value that represents a shell command. @@ -5877,7 +5884,7 @@ VAR Table 4.1: `getline' variants and what they set -File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Command-line directories, Prev: Getline, Up: Reading Files +File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Retrying Input, Prev: Getline, Up: Reading Files 4.10 Reading Input with a Timeout ================================= @@ -5956,7 +5963,8 @@ a per command or connection basis. `gawk' considers a timeout event to be an error even though the attempt to read from the underlying device may succeed in a later attempt. This is a limitation, and it also means that you cannot use -this to multiplex input from two or more sources. +this to multiplex input from two or more sources. *Note Retrying +Input::, for a way to enable later I/O attempts to succeed. Assigning a timeout value prevents read operations from blocking indefinitely. But bear in mind that there are other ways `gawk' can @@ -5971,9 +5979,36 @@ writing. (1) This assumes that standard input is the keyboard. -File: gawk.info, Node: Command-line directories, Next: Input Summary, Prev: Read Timeout, Up: Reading Files +File: gawk.info, Node: Retrying Input, Next: Command-line directories, Prev: Read Timeout, Up: Reading Files -4.11 Directories on the Command Line +4.11 Retrying Reads After Certain Input Errors +============================================== + +This minor node describes a feature that is specific to `gawk'. + + When `gawk' encounters an error while reading input, it will by +default return -1 from getline, and subsequent attempts to read from +that file will result in an end-of-file indication. However, you may +optionally instruct `gawk' to allow I/O to be retried when certain +errors are encountered by setting setting a special element in the +`PROCINFO' array (*note Auto-set::): + + PROCINFO["input_name", "RETRY"] + + When set, this causes `gawk' to check the value of the system +`errno' variable when an I/O error occurs. If `errno' indicates a +subsequent I/O attempt may succeed, `getline' will instead return -2 and +further calls to `getline' may succeed. This applies to `errno' values +EAGAIN, EWOULDBLOCK, EINTR, or ETIMEDOUT. + + This feature is useful in conjunction with `PROCINFO["input_name", +"READ_TIMEOUT"]' or situations where a file descriptor has been +configured to behave in a non-blocking fashion. + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Command-line directories, Next: Input Summary, Prev: Retrying Input, Up: Reading Files + +4.12 Directories on the Command Line ==================================== According to the POSIX standard, files named on the `awk' command line @@ -5996,7 +6031,7 @@ usable data from an `awk' program. File: gawk.info, Node: Input Summary, Next: Input Exercises, Prev: Command-line directories, Up: Reading Files -4.12 Summary +4.13 Summary ============ * Input is split into records based on the value of `RS'. The @@ -6069,7 +6104,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Input Summary, Next: Input Exercises, Prev: Command-li File: gawk.info, Node: Input Exercises, Prev: Input Summary, Up: Reading Files -4.13 Exercises +4.14 Exercises ============== 1. Using the `FIELDWIDTHS' variable (*note Constant Size::), write a @@ -10364,6 +10399,11 @@ Options::), they are not special: `getline' returning -1. You are, of course, free to clear it yourself before doing an I/O operation. + If the value of `ERRNO' corresponds to a system error in the C + `errno' variable, then `PROCINFO["errno"]' will be set to the value + of `errno'. For non-system errors, `PROCINFO["errno"]' will be + zero. + `FILENAME' The name of the current input file. When no data files are listed on the command line, `awk' reads from the standard input and @@ -10412,6 +10452,10 @@ Options::), they are not special: `PROCINFO["egid"]' The value of the `getegid()' system call. + `PROCINFO["errno"]' + The value of the C `errno' variable when `ERRNO' is set to + the associated error message. + `PROCINFO["euid"]' The value of the `geteuid()' system call. @@ -10522,6 +10566,10 @@ Options::), they are not special: open input file, pipe, or coprocess. *Note Read Timeout::, for more information. + * It may be used to indicate that input may be retried when it + fails due to certain errors. *Note Retrying Input::, for + more information. + * It may be used to cause coprocesses to communicate over pseudo-ttys instead of through two-way pipes; this is discussed further in *note Two-way I/O::. @@ -22876,6 +22924,7 @@ describes the API in detail. * Symbol Table Access:: Functions for accessing global variables. * Array Manipulation:: Functions for working with arrays. +* Redirection API:: How to access and manipulate redirections. * Extension API Variables:: Variables provided by the API. * Extension API Boilerplate:: Boilerplate code for using the API. @@ -22936,6 +22985,9 @@ operations: - Flattening an array for easy C style looping over all its indices and elements + * Accessing and manipulating redirections. + + Some points about using the API: * The following types, macros, and/or functions are referenced in @@ -24142,7 +24194,7 @@ using `release_value()'. `double' to store. -File: gawk.info, Node: Array Manipulation, Next: Extension API Variables, Prev: Symbol Table Access, Up: Extension API Description +File: gawk.info, Node: Array Manipulation, Next: Redirection API, Prev: Symbol Table Access, Up: Extension API Description 16.4.11 Array Manipulation -------------------------- @@ -24627,9 +24679,72 @@ array: environment variable.) -File: gawk.info, Node: Extension API Variables, Next: Extension API Boilerplate, Prev: Array Manipulation, Up: Extension API Description - -16.4.12 API Variables +File: gawk.info, Node: Redirection API, Next: Extension API Variables, Prev: Array Manipulation, Up: Extension API Description + +16.4.12 Accessing and Manipulating Redirections +----------------------------------------------- + +The following function allows extensions to access and manipulate +redirections. + +`awk_bool_t get_file(const char *name,' +` size_t name_len,' +` const char *filetype,' +` int fd,' +` const awk_input_buf_t **ibufp,' +` const awk_output_buf_t **obufp);' + Look up a file in `gawk''s internal redirection table. If `name' + is NULL or `name_len' is 0, it returns data for the currently open + input file corresponding to `FILENAME' (and it will not access the + `filetype' argument, so that may be undefined). If the file is + not already open, it tries to open it. The `filetype' argument + must be NUL-terminated and should be one of: + `>' + A file opened for output. + + `>>' + A file opened for append. + + `<' + A file opened for input. + + `|>' + A pipe opened for output. + + `|<' + A pipe opened for input. + + `|&' + A two-way coprocess. + On error, a `false' value is returned. Otherwise, the return + status is `true', and additional information about the redirection + is returned in the `ibufp' and `obufp' pointers. For input + redirections, the `*ibufp' value should be non-NULL, and `*obufp' + should be NULL. For output redirections, the `*obufp' value + should be non-NULL, and `*ibufp' should be NULL. For two-way + coprocesses, both values should be non-NULL. In the usual case, + the extension is interested in `(*ibufp)->fd' and/or + `fileno((*obufp)->fp)'. If the file is not already open, and the + fd argument is non-negative, `gawk' will use that file descriptor + instead of opening the file in the usual way. If the fd is + non-negative, but the file exists already, `gawk' ignores the fd + and returns the existing file. It is the caller's responsibility + to notice that neither the fd in the returned `awk_input_buf_t' + nor the fd in the returned `awk_output_buf_t' matches the + requested value. Note that supplying a file descriptor is + currently NOT supported for pipes. It should work for input, + output, append, and two-way (coprocess) sockets. If `filetype' is + two-way, we assume that it is a socket! Note that in the two-way + case, the input and output file descriptors may differ. To check + for success, one must check whether either matches. + + It is anticipated that this API function will be used to implement +I/O multiplexing and a socket library. + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Extension API Variables, Next: Extension API Boilerplate, Prev: Redirection API, Up: Extension API Description + +16.4.13 API Variables --------------------- The API provides two sets of variables. The first provides information @@ -24646,7 +24761,7 @@ information about how `gawk' was invoked. File: gawk.info, Node: Extension Versioning, Next: Extension API Informational Variables, Up: Extension API Variables -16.4.12.1 API Version Constants and Variables +16.4.13.1 API Version Constants and Variables ............................................. The API provides both a "major" and a "minor" version number. The API @@ -24695,7 +24810,7 @@ Boilerplate::). File: gawk.info, Node: Extension API Informational Variables, Prev: Extension Versioning, Up: Extension API Variables -16.4.12.2 Informational Variables +16.4.13.2 Informational Variables ................................. The API provides access to several variables that describe whether the @@ -24730,7 +24845,7 @@ not change during execution. File: gawk.info, Node: Extension API Boilerplate, Prev: Extension API Variables, Up: Extension API Description -16.4.13 Boilerplate Code +16.4.14 Boilerplate Code ------------------------ As mentioned earlier (*note Extension Mechanism Outline::), the function @@ -32247,9 +32362,9 @@ Index (line 143) * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Full Line Fields. (line 22) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 328) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 341) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -32443,7 +32558,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 37) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 130) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 135) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -32466,7 +32581,7 @@ Index (line 263) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 149) * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records. (line 125) @@ -32474,9 +32589,11 @@ Index (line 43) * differences in awk and gawk, regular expressions: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) +* differences in awk and gawk, retrying input: Retrying Input. + (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 279) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 292) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -32484,7 +32601,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 77) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 283) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 296) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 151) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -32525,8 +32642,8 @@ Index * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) -* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 149) -* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 153) +* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 154) +* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 162) * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6) * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54) @@ -32641,7 +32758,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 246) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 255) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -32722,7 +32839,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 48) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -32790,9 +32907,9 @@ Index * flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 114) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 341) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -32842,7 +32959,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 61) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 130) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 135) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect, @-notation for: Indirect Calls. (line 47) @@ -32892,7 +33009,7 @@ Index * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) * gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 221) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 230) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21) @@ -32927,7 +33044,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 25) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 130) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 135) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -32959,7 +33076,7 @@ Index * gawk, predefined variables and: Built-in Variables. (line 14) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 144) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 149) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -32967,14 +33084,14 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 292) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 125) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 283) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 296) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 151) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) @@ -33066,7 +33183,7 @@ Index * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) -* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 194) +* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 203) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 140) * gsub: Using Constant Regexps. @@ -33361,7 +33478,7 @@ Index * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) * mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 120) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 235) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 244) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 177) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) @@ -33374,7 +33491,7 @@ Index * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) * metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 139) -* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 238) +* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 247) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -33423,7 +33540,7 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 124) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -33432,9 +33549,9 @@ Index * non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements. (line 23) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 139) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 144) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 328) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 341) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -33548,7 +33665,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 203) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 212) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33714,24 +33831,24 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 197) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 200) +* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 206) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 209) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 144) +* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 149) * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15) * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions. (line 154) -* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 256) +* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 265) * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 178) -* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 162) +* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 171) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) @@ -33866,6 +33983,7 @@ Index * relational operators, See comparison operators: Typing and Comparison. (line 9) * replace in string: String Functions. (line 408) +* retrying input: Retrying Input. (line 6) * return debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 54) * return statement, user-defined functions: Return Statement. (line 6) @@ -33889,7 +34007,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 266) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 279) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 70) @@ -33915,9 +34033,9 @@ Index * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 272) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 285) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 279) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 292) * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 125) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15) @@ -33937,7 +34055,7 @@ Index * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133) -* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 311) +* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 324) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -34020,7 +34138,7 @@ Index (line 106) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields. (line 14) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 326) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 339) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 138) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. @@ -34182,9 +34300,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 481) * substring: String Functions. (line 481) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 68) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 251) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 260) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 283) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 296) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system: I/O Functions. (line 106) @@ -34361,10 +34479,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 221) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 246) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 232) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 228) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 230) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 255) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 241) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 237) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9) @@ -34454,560 +34572,562 @@ Index Tag Table: Node: Top1204 -Node: Foreword342225 -Node: Foreword446669 -Node: Preface48200 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-151071 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-251178 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-351411 -Node: History51553 -Node: Names53904 -Ref: Names-Footnote-154997 -Node: This Manual55143 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161648 -Node: Conventions61748 -Node: Manual History64086 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-167068 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-267109 -Node: How To Contribute67183 -Node: Acknowledgments68312 -Node: Getting Started73117 -Node: Running gawk75550 -Node: One-shot76740 -Node: Read Terminal77988 -Node: Long80015 -Node: Executable Scripts81531 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184320 -Node: Comments84423 -Node: Quoting86905 -Node: DOS Quoting92429 -Node: Sample Data Files93104 -Node: Very Simple95699 -Node: Two Rules100597 -Node: More Complex102483 -Node: Statements/Lines105345 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109800 -Node: Other Features110065 -Node: When110996 -Ref: When-Footnote-1112750 -Node: Intro Summary112815 -Node: Invoking Gawk113698 -Node: Command Line115212 -Node: Options116010 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1131814 -Ref: Options-Footnote-2132043 -Node: Other Arguments132068 -Node: Naming Standard Input135016 -Node: Environment Variables136109 -Node: AWKPATH Variable136667 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140080 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140125 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140385 -Node: Other Environment Variables141641 -Node: Exit Status145129 -Node: Include Files145805 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries149402 -Node: Obsolete150829 -Node: Undocumented151526 -Node: Invoking Summary151793 -Node: Regexp153457 -Node: Regexp Usage154911 -Node: Escape Sequences156948 -Node: Regexp Operators163189 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170615 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170762 -Node: Bracket Expressions170860 -Ref: table-char-classes172875 -Node: Leftmost Longest175799 -Node: Computed Regexps177101 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators180498 -Node: Case-sensitivity184171 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1187056 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187291 -Node: Regexp Summary187399 -Node: Reading Files188866 -Node: Records190960 -Node: awk split records191693 -Node: gawk split records196608 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201152 -Node: Fields201189 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203965 -Node: Nonconstant Fields204051 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206294 -Node: Changing Fields206498 -Node: Field Separators212427 -Node: Default Field Splitting215132 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting216249 -Node: Single Character Fields219599 -Node: Command Line Field Separator220658 -Node: Full Line Fields223870 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225387 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225433 -Node: Field Splitting Summary225534 -Node: Constant Size227608 -Node: Splitting By Content232197 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236191 -Node: Multiple Line236354 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242240 -Node: Getline242419 -Node: Plain Getline244631 -Node: Getline/Variable247271 -Node: Getline/File248419 -Node: Getline/Variable/File249803 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251406 -Node: Getline/Pipe251493 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254176 -Node: Getline/Coprocess255307 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256559 -Node: Getline Notes257298 -Node: Getline Summary260090 -Ref: table-getline-variants260502 -Node: Read Timeout261331 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265156 -Node: Command-line directories265214 -Node: Input Summary266119 -Node: Input Exercises269420 -Node: Printing270148 -Node: Print271925 -Node: Print Examples273382 -Node: Output Separators276161 -Node: OFMT278179 -Node: Printf279533 -Node: Basic Printf280318 -Node: Control Letters281888 -Node: Format Modifiers285871 -Node: Printf Examples291880 -Node: Redirection294366 -Node: Special FD301207 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304367 -Node: Special Files304441 -Node: Other Inherited Files305058 -Node: Special Network306058 -Node: Special Caveats306920 -Node: Close Files And Pipes307871 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1315053 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315201 -Node: Output Summary315351 -Node: Output Exercises316349 -Node: Expressions317029 -Node: Values318214 -Node: Constants318892 -Node: Scalar Constants319583 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320442 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers320692 -Node: Regexp Constants323710 -Node: Using Constant Regexps324235 -Node: Variables327378 -Node: Using Variables328033 -Node: Assignment Options329944 -Node: Conversion331819 -Node: Strings And Numbers332343 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335408 -Node: Locale influences conversions335517 -Ref: table-locale-affects338264 -Node: All Operators338852 -Node: Arithmetic Ops339482 -Node: Concatenation341987 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344806 -Node: Assignment Ops344912 -Ref: table-assign-ops349891 -Node: Increment Ops351163 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions354601 -Node: Truth Values355686 -Node: Typing and Comparison356735 -Node: Variable Typing357545 -Node: Comparison Operators361198 -Ref: table-relational-ops361608 -Node: POSIX String Comparison365103 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366175 -Node: Boolean Ops366313 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370792 -Node: Conditional Exp370883 -Node: Function Calls372610 -Node: Precedence376490 -Node: Locales380151 -Node: Expressions Summary381783 -Node: Patterns and Actions384343 -Node: Pattern Overview385463 -Node: Regexp Patterns387142 -Node: Expression Patterns387685 -Node: Ranges391395 -Node: BEGIN/END394501 -Node: Using BEGIN/END395262 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397996 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END398102 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400416 -Node: Empty403317 -Node: Using Shell Variables403634 -Node: Action Overview405907 -Node: Statements408233 -Node: If Statement410081 -Node: While Statement411576 -Node: Do Statement413605 -Node: For Statement414749 -Node: Switch Statement417906 -Node: Break Statement420288 -Node: Continue Statement422329 -Node: Next Statement424156 -Node: Nextfile Statement426537 -Node: Exit Statement429167 -Node: Built-in Variables431570 -Node: User-modified432703 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440384 -Node: Auto-set440446 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454138 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2454343 -Node: ARGC and ARGV454399 -Node: Pattern Action Summary458617 -Node: Arrays461044 -Node: Array Basics462373 -Node: Array Intro463217 -Ref: figure-array-elements465181 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1467707 -Node: Reference to Elements467835 -Node: Assigning Elements470287 -Node: Array Example470778 -Node: Scanning an Array472536 -Node: Controlling Scanning475552 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1480748 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts481064 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483249 -Node: Delete484866 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487609 -Node: Multidimensional487666 -Node: Multiscanning490763 -Node: Arrays of Arrays492352 -Node: Arrays Summary497111 -Node: Functions499203 -Node: Built-in500102 -Node: Calling Built-in501180 -Node: Numeric Functions503171 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1507990 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2508347 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3508395 -Node: String Functions508667 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1532142 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2532271 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3532519 -Node: Gory Details532606 -Ref: table-sub-escapes534387 -Ref: table-sub-proposed535907 -Ref: table-posix-sub537271 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes538807 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1539639 -Node: I/O Functions539790 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1547008 -Node: Time Functions547155 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1557643 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2557711 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3557869 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4557980 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5558092 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6558319 -Node: Bitwise Functions558585 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops559147 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1563456 -Node: Type Functions563625 -Node: I18N Functions564776 -Node: User-defined566421 -Node: Definition Syntax567226 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572633 -Node: Function Example572704 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1575623 -Node: Function Caveats575645 -Node: Calling A Function576163 -Node: Variable Scope577121 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference580109 -Node: Return Statement583604 -Node: Dynamic Typing586585 -Node: Indirect Calls587514 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1598816 -Node: Functions Summary598944 -Node: Library Functions601646 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1605255 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2605398 -Node: Library Names605569 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1609023 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2609246 -Node: General Functions609332 -Node: Strtonum Function610435 -Node: Assert Function613457 -Node: Round Function616781 -Node: Cliff Random Function618322 -Node: Ordinal Functions619338 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1622401 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2622653 -Node: Join Function622864 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1624633 -Node: Getlocaltime Function624833 -Node: Readfile Function628577 -Node: Shell Quoting630547 -Node: Data File Management631948 -Node: Filetrans Function632580 -Node: Rewind Function636636 -Node: File Checking638023 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1639355 -Node: Empty Files639556 -Node: Ignoring Assigns641535 -Node: Getopt Function643086 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1654548 -Node: Passwd Functions654748 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1663585 -Node: Group Functions663673 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1671567 -Node: Walking Arrays671780 -Node: Library Functions Summary673383 -Node: Library Exercises674784 -Node: Sample Programs676064 -Node: Running Examples676834 -Node: Clones677562 -Node: Cut Program678786 -Node: Egrep Program688505 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1696003 -Node: Id Program696113 -Node: Split Program699758 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1703206 -Node: Tee Program703334 -Node: Uniq Program706123 -Node: Wc Program713542 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1717792 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs717886 -Node: Dupword Program719099 -Node: Alarm Program721130 -Node: Translate Program725934 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1730499 -Node: Labels Program730769 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1734120 -Node: Word Sorting734204 -Node: History Sorting738275 -Node: Extract Program740111 -Node: Simple Sed747636 -Node: Igawk Program750704 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1765028 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2765229 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3765351 -Node: Anagram Program765466 -Node: Signature Program768523 -Node: Programs Summary769770 -Node: Programs Exercises770963 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1775094 -Node: Advanced Features775185 -Node: Nondecimal Data777133 -Node: Array Sorting778723 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal779420 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1787753 -Node: Array Sorting Functions787871 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1791760 -Node: Two-way I/O791956 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1796901 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2797087 -Node: TCP/IP Networking797169 -Node: Profiling800042 -Node: Advanced Features Summary808319 -Node: Internationalization810252 -Node: I18N and L10N811732 -Node: Explaining gettext812418 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1817443 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2817627 -Node: Programmer i18n817792 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1822658 -Node: Translator i18n822707 -Node: String Extraction823501 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1824632 -Node: Printf Ordering824718 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1827504 -Node: I18N Portability827568 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1830023 -Node: I18N Example830086 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1832889 -Node: Gawk I18N832961 -Node: I18N Summary833599 -Node: Debugger834938 -Node: Debugging835960 -Node: Debugging Concepts836401 -Node: Debugging Terms838254 -Node: Awk Debugging840826 -Node: Sample Debugging Session841720 -Node: Debugger Invocation842240 -Node: Finding The Bug843624 -Node: List of Debugger Commands850099 -Node: Breakpoint Control851432 -Node: Debugger Execution Control855128 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data858492 -Node: Execution Stack861870 -Node: Debugger Info863507 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands867524 -Node: Readline Support872553 -Node: Limitations873445 -Node: Debugging Summary875559 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic876727 -Node: Computer Arithmetic878143 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges881741 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1882600 -Node: Math Definitions882657 -Ref: table-ieee-formats885945 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1886549 -Node: MPFR features886654 -Node: FP Math Caution888325 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1889375 -Node: Inexactness of computations889744 -Node: Inexact representation890703 -Node: Comparing FP Values892060 -Node: Errors accumulate893142 -Node: Getting Accuracy894575 -Node: Try To Round897237 -Node: Setting precision898136 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings898820 -Node: Setting the rounding mode900609 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes900973 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1904428 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers904607 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1909506 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems909655 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1913528 -Node: Floating point summary913566 -Node: Dynamic Extensions915760 -Node: Extension Intro917312 -Node: Plugin License918578 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline919375 -Ref: figure-load-extension919803 -Ref: figure-register-new-function921283 -Ref: figure-call-new-function922287 -Node: Extension API Description924273 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction925723 -Node: General Data Types930547 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1936286 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions936585 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1939424 -Node: Constructor Functions939520 -Node: Registration Functions941254 -Node: Extension Functions941939 -Node: Exit Callback Functions944236 -Node: Extension Version String945484 -Node: Input Parsers946149 -Node: Output Wrappers956028 -Node: Two-way processors960543 -Node: Printing Messages962747 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1963823 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'963975 -Node: Requesting Values964715 -Ref: table-value-types-returned965443 -Node: Accessing Parameters966400 -Node: Symbol Table Access967631 -Node: Symbol table by name968145 -Node: Symbol table by cookie970126 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1974270 -Node: Cached values974333 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1977832 -Node: Array Manipulation977923 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1979021 -Node: Array Data Types979058 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1981713 -Node: Array Functions981805 -Node: Flattening Arrays985659 -Node: Creating Arrays992551 -Node: Extension API Variables997322 -Node: Extension Versioning997958 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables999859 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate1000924 -Node: Finding Extensions1004733 -Node: Extension Example1005293 -Node: Internal File Description1006065 -Node: Internal File Ops1010132 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11021802 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1021942 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11024325 -Node: Extension Samples1024598 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1026124 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1033762 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1035253 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1036468 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1038143 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1038979 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1039855 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1040666 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1041256 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1041996 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1043936 -Node: Extension Sample Time1045031 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1046380 -Node: gawkextlib1046871 -Node: Extension summary1049529 -Node: Extension Exercises1053218 -Node: Language History1053940 -Node: V7/SVR3.11055596 -Node: SVR41057777 -Node: POSIX1059222 -Node: BTL1060611 -Node: POSIX/GNU1061345 -Node: Feature History1066969 -Node: Common Extensions1080067 -Node: Ranges and Locales1081391 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11086009 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21086036 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31086270 -Node: Contributors1086491 -Node: History summary1092032 -Node: Installation1093402 -Node: Gawk Distribution1094348 -Node: Getting1094832 -Node: Extracting1095655 -Node: Distribution contents1097290 -Node: Unix Installation1103355 -Node: Quick Installation1104038 -Node: Shell Startup Files1106449 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1107528 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1109267 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1111636 -Node: PC Installation1112094 -Node: PC Binary Installation1113413 -Node: PC Compiling1115261 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11118282 -Node: PC Testing1118391 -Node: PC Using1119567 -Node: Cygwin1123682 -Node: MSYS1124505 -Node: VMS Installation1125005 -Node: VMS Compilation1125797 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11127019 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1127077 -Node: VMS Installation Details1128761 -Node: VMS Running1131013 -Node: VMS GNV1133849 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1134583 -Node: Bugs1135053 -Node: Other Versions1138936 -Node: Installation summary1145364 -Node: Notes1146420 -Node: Compatibility Mode1147285 -Node: Additions1148067 -Node: Accessing The Source1148992 -Node: Adding Code1150428 -Node: New Ports1156593 -Node: Derived Files1161075 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11166550 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21166584 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31167180 -Node: Future Extensions1167294 -Node: Implementation Limitations1167900 -Node: Extension Design1169148 -Node: Old Extension Problems1170302 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11171819 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1171876 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11175236 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1175425 -Node: Extension Future Growth1177533 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1178369 -Node: Notes summary1180131 -Node: Basic Concepts1181317 -Node: Basic High Level1181998 -Ref: figure-general-flow1182270 -Ref: figure-process-flow1182869 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11186098 -Node: Basic Data Typing1186283 -Node: Glossary1189611 -Node: Copying1214769 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1252325 -Node: Index1277461 +Node: Foreword342385 +Node: Foreword446829 +Node: Preface48360 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-151231 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-251338 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-351571 +Node: History51713 +Node: Names54064 +Ref: Names-Footnote-155157 +Node: This Manual55303 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161808 +Node: Conventions61908 +Node: Manual History64246 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-167228 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-267269 +Node: How To Contribute67343 +Node: Acknowledgments68472 +Node: Getting Started73277 +Node: Running gawk75710 +Node: One-shot76900 +Node: Read Terminal78148 +Node: Long80175 +Node: Executable Scripts81691 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184480 +Node: Comments84583 +Node: Quoting87065 +Node: DOS Quoting92589 +Node: Sample Data Files93264 +Node: Very Simple95859 +Node: Two Rules100757 +Node: More Complex102643 +Node: Statements/Lines105505 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109960 +Node: Other Features110225 +Node: When111156 +Ref: When-Footnote-1112910 +Node: Intro Summary112975 +Node: Invoking Gawk113858 +Node: Command Line115372 +Node: Options116170 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1131974 +Ref: Options-Footnote-2132203 +Node: Other Arguments132228 +Node: Naming Standard Input135176 +Node: Environment Variables136269 +Node: AWKPATH Variable136827 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140240 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140285 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140545 +Node: Other Environment Variables141801 +Node: Exit Status145289 +Node: Include Files145965 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries149562 +Node: Obsolete150989 +Node: Undocumented151686 +Node: Invoking Summary151953 +Node: Regexp153617 +Node: Regexp Usage155071 +Node: Escape Sequences157108 +Node: Regexp Operators163349 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170775 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170922 +Node: Bracket Expressions171020 +Ref: table-char-classes173035 +Node: Leftmost Longest175959 +Node: Computed Regexps177261 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators180658 +Node: Case-sensitivity184331 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1187216 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187451 +Node: Regexp Summary187559 +Node: Reading Files189026 +Node: Records191189 +Node: awk split records191922 +Node: gawk split records196837 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201381 +Node: Fields201418 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1204194 +Node: Nonconstant Fields204280 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206523 +Node: Changing Fields206727 +Node: Field Separators212656 +Node: Default Field Splitting215361 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting216478 +Node: Single Character Fields219828 +Node: Command Line Field Separator220887 +Node: Full Line Fields224099 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225616 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225662 +Node: Field Splitting Summary225763 +Node: Constant Size227837 +Node: Splitting By Content232426 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236420 +Node: Multiple Line236583 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242469 +Node: Getline242648 +Node: Plain Getline245132 +Node: Getline/Variable247772 +Node: Getline/File248920 +Node: Getline/Variable/File250304 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251907 +Node: Getline/Pipe251994 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254677 +Node: Getline/Coprocess255808 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess257060 +Node: Getline Notes257799 +Node: Getline Summary260591 +Ref: table-getline-variants261003 +Node: Read Timeout261832 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265723 +Node: Retrying Input265781 +Node: Command-line directories266976 +Node: Input Summary267883 +Node: Input Exercises271184 +Node: Printing271912 +Node: Print273689 +Node: Print Examples275146 +Node: Output Separators277925 +Node: OFMT279943 +Node: Printf281297 +Node: Basic Printf282082 +Node: Control Letters283652 +Node: Format Modifiers287635 +Node: Printf Examples293644 +Node: Redirection296130 +Node: Special FD302971 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1306131 +Node: Special Files306205 +Node: Other Inherited Files306822 +Node: Special Network307822 +Node: Special Caveats308684 +Node: Close Files And Pipes309635 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1316817 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2316965 +Node: Output Summary317115 +Node: Output Exercises318113 +Node: Expressions318793 +Node: Values319978 +Node: Constants320656 +Node: Scalar Constants321347 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1322206 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers322456 +Node: Regexp Constants325474 +Node: Using Constant Regexps325999 +Node: Variables329142 +Node: Using Variables329797 +Node: Assignment Options331708 +Node: Conversion333583 +Node: Strings And Numbers334107 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1337172 +Node: Locale influences conversions337281 +Ref: table-locale-affects340028 +Node: All Operators340616 +Node: Arithmetic Ops341246 +Node: Concatenation343751 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1346570 +Node: Assignment Ops346676 +Ref: table-assign-ops351655 +Node: Increment Ops352927 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions356365 +Node: Truth Values357450 +Node: Typing and Comparison358499 +Node: Variable Typing359309 +Node: Comparison Operators362962 +Ref: table-relational-ops363372 +Node: POSIX String Comparison366867 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1367939 +Node: Boolean Ops368077 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1372556 +Node: Conditional Exp372647 +Node: Function Calls374374 +Node: Precedence378254 +Node: Locales381915 +Node: Expressions Summary383547 +Node: Patterns and Actions386107 +Node: Pattern Overview387227 +Node: Regexp Patterns388906 +Node: Expression Patterns389449 +Node: Ranges393159 +Node: BEGIN/END396265 +Node: Using BEGIN/END397026 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1399760 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END399866 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE402180 +Node: Empty405081 +Node: Using Shell Variables405398 +Node: Action Overview407671 +Node: Statements409997 +Node: If Statement411845 +Node: While Statement413340 +Node: Do Statement415369 +Node: For Statement416513 +Node: Switch Statement419670 +Node: Break Statement422052 +Node: Continue Statement424093 +Node: Next Statement425920 +Node: Nextfile Statement428301 +Node: Exit Statement430931 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License1257505 +Node: Index1282641 End Tag Table |