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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1052 |
1 files changed, 554 insertions, 498 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 3c68a117..72703060 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -4139,6 +4139,54 @@ that you can define a variable to be a number or a string: str = "hi" String variable re = /foo/ Wrong! re is the result of $0 ~ /foo/ + For a number of more advanced use cases (described later on in this +Info file), it would be nice to have regexp constants that are "strongly +typed"; in other words, that denote a regexp useful for matching, and +not an expression. + + 'gawk' provides this feature. A strongly typed regexp constant looks +almost like a regular regexp constant, except that it is preceded by an +'@' sign: + + re = @/foo/ Regexp variable + + Strongly typed regexp constants _cannot_ be used eveywhere that a +regular regexp constant can, because this would make the language even +more confusing. Instead, you may use them only in certain contexts: + + * On the righthand side of the '~' and '!~' operators: 'some_var ~ + @/foo/' (*note Regexp Usage::). + + * In the 'case' part of a 'switch' statement (*note Switch + Statement::). + + * As an argument to one of the built-in functions that accept regexp + constants: 'gensub()', 'gsub()', 'match()', 'patsplit()', + 'split()', and 'sub()' (*note String Functions::). + + * As a parameter in a call to a user-defined function (*note + User-defined::). + + * On the righthand side of an assignment to a variable: 'some_var = + @/foo/'. In this case, the type of 'some_var' is regexp. + Additionally, 'some_var' can be used with '~' and '!~', passed to + one of the built-in functions listed above, or passed as a + parameter to a user-defined function. + + You may use the 'typeof()' built-in function (*note Type Functions::) +to determine if a variable or function parameter is a regexp variable. + + The true power of this feature comes from the ability to create +variables that have regexp type. Such variables can be passed on to +user-defined functions, without the confusing aspects of computed +regular expressions created from strings or string constants. They may +also be passed through indirect function calls (*note Indirect Calls::) +onto the built-in functions that accept regexp constants. + + When used in numeric conversions, strongly typed regexp variables +convert to zero. When used in string conversions, they convert to the +string value of the original regexp text. + File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Regexp @@ -4176,6 +4224,9 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp Summary, Prev: Strong Regexp Constants, Up: Reg sensitivity of regexp matching. In other 'awk' versions, use 'tolower()' or 'toupper()'. + * Strongly typed regexp constants ('@/.../') enable certain advanced + use cases to be described later on in the Info file. + File: gawk.info, Node: Reading Files, Next: Printing, Prev: Regexp, Up: Top @@ -13570,6 +13621,10 @@ contexts. '"array"' X is an array. + '"regexp"' + X is a strongly typed regexp (*note Strong Regexp + Constants::). + '"number"' X is a number. @@ -13616,7 +13671,8 @@ parameter is an array or not. turning it into a scalar. The 'typeof()' function is general; it allows you to determine if a -variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array. +variable or function parameter is a scalar, an array, or a strongly +typed regexp. 'isarray()' is deprecated; you should use 'typeof()' instead. You should replace any existing uses of 'isarray(var)' in your code with @@ -35379,502 +35435,502 @@ Node: Case-sensitivity186200 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1189096 Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2189331 Node: Strong Regexp Constants189439 -Node: Regexp Summary190228 -Node: Reading Files191703 -Node: Records193866 -Node: awk split records194599 -Node: gawk split records199530 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1204070 -Node: Fields204107 -Node: Nonconstant Fields206848 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1209084 -Node: Changing Fields209288 -Node: Field Separators215216 -Node: Default Field Splitting217914 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting219032 -Node: Single Character Fields222385 -Node: Command Line Field Separator223445 -Node: Full Line Fields226663 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1228185 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2228231 -Node: Field Splitting Summary228332 -Node: Constant Size230406 -Node: Splitting By Content234984 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1238955 -Node: Multiple Line239118 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1245000 -Node: Getline245179 -Node: Plain Getline247646 -Node: Getline/Variable250285 -Node: Getline/File251434 -Node: Getline/Variable/File252820 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1254423 -Node: Getline/Pipe254511 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe257216 -Node: Getline/Coprocess258349 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess259614 -Node: Getline Notes260354 -Node: Getline Summary263149 -Ref: table-getline-variants263571 -Node: Read Timeout264319 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1268225 -Node: Retrying Input268283 -Node: Command-line directories269482 -Node: Input Summary270388 -Node: Input Exercises273560 -Node: Printing274288 -Node: Print276122 -Node: Print Examples277579 -Node: Output Separators280359 -Node: OFMT282376 -Node: Printf283732 -Node: Basic Printf284517 -Node: Control Letters286091 -Node: Format Modifiers290079 -Node: Printf Examples296094 -Node: Redirection298580 -Node: Special FD305421 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1308589 -Node: Special Files308663 -Node: Other Inherited Files309280 -Node: Special Network310281 -Node: Special Caveats311141 -Node: Close Files And Pipes312090 -Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values318997 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1319780 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2319928 -Node: Nonfatal320080 -Node: Output Summary322405 -Node: Output Exercises323627 -Node: Expressions324306 -Node: Values325494 -Node: Constants326172 -Node: Scalar Constants326863 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1327727 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers327977 -Node: Regexp Constants330990 -Node: Using Constant Regexps331516 -Node: Variables334679 -Node: Using Variables335336 -Node: Assignment Options337246 -Node: Conversion339119 -Node: Strings And Numbers339643 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1342706 -Node: Locale influences conversions342815 -Ref: table-locale-affects345573 -Node: All Operators346191 -Node: Arithmetic Ops346820 -Node: Concatenation349326 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1352173 -Node: Assignment Ops352280 -Ref: table-assign-ops357271 -Node: Increment Ops358584 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions362044 -Node: Truth Values363118 -Node: Typing and Comparison364166 -Node: Variable Typing364986 -Node: Comparison Operators368610 -Ref: table-relational-ops369029 -Node: POSIX String Comparison372524 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1374219 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2374358 -Node: Boolean Ops374442 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1378924 -Node: Conditional Exp379016 -Node: Function Calls380752 -Node: Precedence384629 -Node: Locales388288 -Node: Expressions Summary389920 -Node: Patterns and Actions392493 -Node: Pattern Overview393613 -Node: Regexp Patterns395290 -Node: Expression Patterns395832 -Node: Ranges399613 -Node: BEGIN/END402721 -Node: Using BEGIN/END403482 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1406218 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END406324 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE408638 -Node: Empty411545 -Node: Using Shell Variables411862 -Node: Action Overview414136 -Node: Statements416461 -Node: If 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Function630263 -Node: Ordinal Functions631279 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1634342 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2634594 -Node: Join Function634804 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1636574 -Node: Getlocaltime Function636774 -Node: Readfile Function640516 -Node: Shell Quoting642488 -Node: Data File Management643889 -Node: Filetrans Function644521 -Node: Rewind Function648617 -Node: File Checking650523 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1651857 -Node: Empty Files652058 -Node: Ignoring Assigns654037 -Node: Getopt Function655587 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1667056 -Node: Passwd Functions667256 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1676095 -Node: Group Functions676183 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1684081 -Node: Walking Arrays684288 -Node: Library Functions Summary687296 -Node: Library Exercises688702 -Node: Sample Programs689167 -Node: Running Examples689937 -Node: Clones690665 -Node: Cut Program691889 -Node: Egrep Program701818 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1709330 -Node: Id Program709440 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