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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 890 |
1 files changed, 455 insertions, 435 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index ee736b9e..2171d6f2 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -11043,6 +11043,27 @@ they are not special: after it has finished parsing the program; they are _not_ updated while the program runs. + 'PROCINFO["platform"]' + This element gives a string indicating the platform for which + 'gawk' was compiled. The value will be one of the following: + + '"vms"' + OpenVMS or Vax/VMS. + + '"djgpp"' + '"mingw"' + Microsoft Windows, using either DJGPP or MinGW, + respectively. + + '"os2"' + OS/2. + + '"os390"' + OS/390. + + '"posix"' + GNU/Linux, Cygwin, Mac OS X, and legacy Unix systems. + 'PROCINFO["pgrpid"]' The process group ID of the current process. @@ -11169,15 +11190,14 @@ they are not special: test if an element in 'SYMTAB' is an array. Also, you may not use the 'delete' statement with the 'SYMTAB' array. - You may use an index for 'SYMTAB' that is not a predefined - identifier: + Prior to version 5.0 of 'gawk', you could use an index for 'SYMTAB' + that was not a predefined identifier: SYMTAB["xxx"] = 5 print SYMTAB["xxx"] - This works as expected: in this case 'SYMTAB' acts just like a - regular array. The only difference is that you can't then delete - 'SYMTAB["xxx"]'. + This no longer works, instead producing a fatal error, as it led to + rampant confusion. The 'SYMTAB' array is more interesting than it looks. Andrew Schorr points out that it effectively gives 'awk' data pointers. @@ -20774,7 +20794,8 @@ output. They are as follows: structure of the program and the precedence rules. For example, '(3 + 5) * 4' means add three and five, then multiply the total by four. However, '3 + 5 * 4' has no parentheses, and means '3 + (5 * - 4)'. + 4)'. However, explicit parentheses in the source program are + retained. * Parentheses are used around the arguments to 'print' and 'printf' only when the 'print' or 'printf' statement is followed by a @@ -20796,10 +20817,11 @@ representation. Also, things such as: come out as: /foo/ { - print $0 + print } -which is correct, but possibly unexpected. +which is correct, but possibly unexpected. (If a program uses both +'print $0' and plain 'print', that distinction is retained.) Besides creating profiles when a program has completed, 'gawk' can produce a profile while it is running. This is useful if your 'awk' @@ -20855,7 +20877,10 @@ without any execution counts. profiling, and that created when pretty-printing. Pretty-printed output preserves the original comments that were in the program, although their placement may not correspond exactly to their original locations in the -source code.(1) +source code. However, no comments should be lost. Also, 'gawk' does +the best it can to preserve the distinction between comments at the end +of a statement and comments on lines by themselves. This isn't always +perfect, though. However, as a deliberate design decision, profiling output _omits_ the original program's comments. This allows you to focus on the @@ -20875,14 +20900,6 @@ disable 'gawk''s default optimizations. numeric constants; if you used an octal or hexadecimal value in your source code, it will appear that way in the output. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) 'gawk' does the best it can to preserve the distinction between -comments at the end of a statement and comments on lines by themselves. -Due to implementation constraints, it does not always do so correctly, -particularly for 'switch' statements. The 'gawk' maintainers hope to -improve this in a subsequent release. - File: gawk.info, Node: Advanced Features Summary, Prev: Profiling, Up: Advanced Features @@ -28439,6 +28456,11 @@ POSIX 'awk', in the order they were added to 'gawk'. * Support for GNU/Linux on Alpha was removed. + Version 5.0 added the following features: + + * The 'PROCINFO["platform"]' array element, which allows you to write + code that takes the operating system / platform into account. + File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Ranges and Locales, Prev: Feature History, Up: Language History @@ -29204,10 +29226,6 @@ command line when compiling 'gawk' from scratch, including: possible to keep extensions for different API versions on the same system without their conflicting with one another. -'--with-whiny-user-strftime' - Force use of the included version of the C 'strftime()' function - for deficient systems. - Use the command './configure --help' to see the full list of options supplied by 'configure'. @@ -29373,6 +29391,12 @@ accomplished by using an appropriate '-v BINMODE=N' option on the command line. 'BINMODE' is set at the time a file or pipe is opened and cannot be changed midstream. + On POSIX-compatible systems, this variable's value has no effect. +Thus, if you think your program will run on multiple different systems +and that you may need to use 'BINMODE', you should simply set it (in the +program or on the command line) unconditionally, and not worry about the +operating system on which your program is running. + The name 'BINMODE' was chosen to match 'mawk' (*note Other Versions::). 'mawk' and 'gawk' handle 'BINMODE' similarly; however, 'mawk' adds a '-W BINMODE=N' option and an environment variable that can @@ -33129,8 +33153,6 @@ Index * --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 285) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 232) * --version option: Options. (line 317) -* --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. - (line 48) * -b option: Options. (line 69) * -c option: Options. (line 82) * -C option: Options. (line 89) @@ -33842,8 +33864,6 @@ Index (line 37) * configuration option, --enable-versioned-extension-dir: Additional Configuration Options. (line 42) -* configuration option, --with-whiny-user-strftime: Additional Configuration Options. - (line 48) * configuration options, gawk: Additional Configuration Options. (line 6) * constant regexps: Regexp Usage. (line 57) @@ -33920,7 +33940,7 @@ Index * dark corner, field separators: Full Line Fields. (line 22) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) * dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 108) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 389) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 409) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 33) * dark corner, format-control characters <1>: Control Letters. (line 108) @@ -34184,7 +34204,7 @@ Index (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables <1>: Auto-set. (line 327) +* differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables <1>: Auto-set. (line 348) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -34193,7 +34213,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings <1>: Scalar Constants. (line 53) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 76) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 331) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 352) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 155) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -34230,7 +34250,7 @@ Index * dump debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 9) * dupword.awk program: Dupword Program. (line 31) -* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 177) +* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) @@ -34359,7 +34379,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 266) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 287) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -34519,7 +34539,7 @@ Index (line 12) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) * FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 118) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 389) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 409) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -34622,8 +34642,8 @@ Index * G., Daniel Richard: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * G., Daniel Richard <1>: Maintainers. (line 14) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 35) -* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 177) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 241) +* gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 262) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) @@ -34699,13 +34719,13 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 131) * gawk, RT variable in <1>: Multiple Line. (line 130) -* gawk, RT variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 327) +* gawk, RT variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 348) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Testing field creation. (line 6) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 331) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 352) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 155) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) @@ -34829,7 +34849,7 @@ Index * history expansion, in debugger: Readline Support. (line 6) * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25) * Hughes, Phil: Acknowledgments. (line 43) -* HUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 209) +* HUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 211) * hyphen (-), - operator: Precedence. (line 51) * hyphen (-), - operator <1>: Precedence. (line 57) * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) @@ -34911,7 +34931,7 @@ Index * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90) * int: Numeric Functions. (line 24) -* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) +* INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) * integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers. @@ -34967,7 +34987,7 @@ Index * Kernighan, Brian <8>: Other Versions. (line 13) * Kernighan, Brian <9>: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) * Kernighan, Brian <10>: Glossary. (line 204) -* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) +* kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6) * Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 35) * l debugger command (alias for list): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. @@ -35105,7 +35125,7 @@ Index * mawk utility <2>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <3>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47) * mawk utility <4>: Other Versions. (line 39) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 255) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 276) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 255) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 103) * memory, allocating for extensions: Memory Allocation Functions. @@ -35120,7 +35140,7 @@ Index * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) * metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 140) -* minimum precision required by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 258) +* minimum precision required by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 279) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -35180,7 +35200,7 @@ Index * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) * NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 143) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 389) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 409) * null strings: awk split records. (line 121) * null strings <1>: Regexp Field Splitting. (line 43) @@ -35300,7 +35320,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 35) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 131) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 230) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 251) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -35333,6 +35353,7 @@ Index * pipe, output: Redirection. (line 57) * Pitts, Dave: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Pitts, Dave <1>: Maintainers. (line 14) +* platform running on, PROCINFO["platform"]: Auto-set. (line 224) * Plauger, P.J.: Library Functions. (line 12) * plug-in: Extension Intro. (line 6) * plus sign (+), + operator: Precedence. (line 51) @@ -35432,8 +35453,8 @@ Index * predefined variables, conveying information: Auto-set. (line 6) * predefined variables, user-modifiable: User-modified. (line 6) * pretty printing: Options. (line 235) -* pretty printing <1>: Profiling. (line 220) -* pretty-printing, profiling, difference with: Profiling. (line 227) +* pretty printing <1>: Profiling. (line 222) +* pretty-printing, profiling, difference with: Profiling. (line 229) * print debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 35) * print statement: Printing. (line 16) @@ -35472,8 +35493,8 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 224) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 227) +* process group ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 245) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 248) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 148) @@ -35487,8 +35508,8 @@ Index * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) -* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 177) -* profiling, pretty-printing, difference with: Profiling. (line 227) +* profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 179) +* profiling, pretty-printing, difference with: Profiling. (line 229) * program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 193) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. @@ -35525,7 +35546,7 @@ Index * QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 143) * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 100) -* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) +* QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * quoting in gawk command lines: Long. (line 26) * quoting in gawk command lines, tricks for: Quoting. (line 91) * quoting, for small awk programs: Comments. (line 27) @@ -35651,7 +35672,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 54) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 314) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 335) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) * Robbins, Arnold: Command Line Field Separator. (line 71) @@ -35679,11 +35700,11 @@ Index * RS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 136) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 54) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 320) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 341) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 131) * RT variable <1>: Multiple Line. (line 130) -* RT variable <2>: Auto-set. (line 327) +* RT variable <2>: Auto-set. (line 348) * Rubin, Paul: History. (line 30) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 16) * rule, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) @@ -35701,7 +35722,7 @@ Index * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* Schorr, Andrew <1>: Auto-set. (line 359) +* Schorr, Andrew <1>: Auto-set. (line 379) * Schorr, Andrew <2>: Contributors. (line 136) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -35788,7 +35809,7 @@ Index * sidebar, Beware The Smoke and Mirrors!: Bitwise Functions. (line 127) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields. (line 14) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 387) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 407) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 166) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. @@ -35816,15 +35837,15 @@ Index (line 130) * sidebar, Using \n in Bracket Expressions of Dynamic Regexps: Computed Regexps. (line 58) -* SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 209) -* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* signals, HUP/SIGHUP, for profiling: Profiling. (line 209) -* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1, for profiling: Profiling. (line 186) +* SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 211) +* SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* signals, HUP/SIGHUP, for profiling: Profiling. (line 211) +* signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* signals, USR1/SIGUSR1, for profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * signature program: Signature Program. (line 6) -* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212) -* SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) +* SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) +* SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) * sin: Numeric Functions. (line 75) @@ -35956,9 +35977,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 487) * substring: String Functions. (line 487) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 64) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 271) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 292) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 331) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 352) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 149) * system: I/O Functions. (line 106) @@ -36105,7 +36126,7 @@ Index * user-modifiable variables: User-modified. (line 6) * users, information about, printing: Id Program. (line 6) * users, information about, retrieving: Passwd Functions. (line 16) -* USR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186) +* USR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * values, numeric: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * values, string: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * variable assignments and input files: Other Arguments. (line 26) @@ -36140,10 +36161,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 241) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 266) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 249) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 251) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 262) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 287) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 270) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 272) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 10) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 64) @@ -36422,371 +36443,370 @@ Node: Exit Statement454653 Node: Built-in Variables457056 Node: User-modified458189 Node: Auto-set465956 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1482258 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2482464 -Node: ARGC and ARGV482520 -Node: Pattern Action Summary486733 -Node: Arrays489163 -Node: Array Basics490492 -Node: Array Intro491336 -Ref: figure-array-elements493311 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1496015 -Node: Reference to Elements496143 -Node: Assigning Elements498607 -Node: Array Example499098 -Node: Scanning an Array500857 -Node: Controlling Scanning503879 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1509278 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts509594 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts511778 -Node: Delete513397 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1516149 -Node: Multidimensional516206 -Node: Multiscanning519301 -Node: Arrays of Arrays520892 -Node: Arrays Summary525660 -Node: Functions527753 -Node: Built-in528791 -Node: Calling Built-in529872 -Node: Numeric Functions531868 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1535896 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2536253 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3536301 -Node: String Functions536573 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1560431 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2560559 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3560807 -Node: Gory Details560894 -Ref: table-sub-escapes562685 -Ref: table-sub-proposed564204 -Ref: table-posix-sub565567 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes567108 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1567931 -Node: I/O Functions568085 -Ref: table-system-return-values574553 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1576633 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2576781 -Node: Time Functions576901 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1587572 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2587640 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3587798 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4587909 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5588021 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6588248 -Node: Bitwise Functions588514 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops589108 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1595171 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2595344 -Node: Type Functions595535 -Node: I18N Functions598286 -Node: User-defined599937 -Node: Definition Syntax600742 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1606429 -Node: Function Example606500 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1609422 -Node: Function Caveats609444 -Node: Calling A Function609962 -Node: Variable Scope610920 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference613914 -Node: Return Statement617413 -Node: Dynamic Typing620392 -Node: Indirect Calls621322 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1631574 -Node: Functions Summary631702 -Node: Library Functions634407 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1638014 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2638157 -Node: Library Names638328 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1641788 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2642011 -Node: General Functions642097 -Node: Strtonum Function643200 -Node: Assert Function646222 -Node: Round Function649548 -Node: Cliff Random Function651088 -Node: Ordinal Functions652104 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1655167 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2655419 -Node: Join Function655629 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1657399 -Node: Getlocaltime Function657599 -Node: Readfile Function661341 -Node: Shell Quoting663318 -Node: Data File Management664719 -Node: Filetrans Function665351 -Node: Rewind Function669447 -Node: File Checking671357 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1672691 -Node: Empty Files672892 -Node: Ignoring Assigns674871 -Node: Getopt Function676421 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1687890 -Node: Passwd Functions688090 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1696929 -Node: Group Functions697017 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1704915 -Node: Walking Arrays705122 -Node: Library Functions Summary708130 -Node: Library Exercises709536 -Node: Sample Programs710001 -Node: Running Examples710771 -Node: Clones711499 -Node: Cut Program712723 -Node: Egrep Program722652 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1730164 -Node: Id Program730274 -Node: Split Program733954 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1737412 -Node: Tee Program737541 -Node: Uniq Program740331 -Node: Wc Program747757 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1752012 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs752106 -Node: Dupword Program753319 -Node: Alarm Program755349 -Node: Translate Program760204 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1764769 -Node: Labels Program765039 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1768390 -Node: Word Sorting768474 -Node: History Sorting772546 -Node: Extract Program774381 -Node: Simple Sed782435 -Node: Igawk Program785509 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1799840 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2800042 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3800164 -Node: Anagram Program800279 -Node: Signature Program803341 -Node: Programs Summary804588 -Node: Programs Exercises805802 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1809931 -Node: Advanced Features810022 -Node: Nondecimal Data812012 -Node: Array Sorting813603 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal814303 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1822671 -Node: Array Sorting Functions822789 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1827880 -Node: Two-way I/O828076 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1835797 -Ref: 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