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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1055 |
1 files changed, 534 insertions, 521 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 95522fed..b4c90290 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, -2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free -Software Foundation, Inc. +2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 +Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is Edition 4.1 of `GAWK: Effective AWK Programming: A User's @@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ This file documents `awk', a program that you can use to select particular records in a file and perform operations upon them. Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, -2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free -Software Foundation, Inc. +2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 +Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is Edition 4.1 of `GAWK: Effective AWK Programming: A User's @@ -4656,6 +4656,18 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Full Line Fields, Next: Field Splitting Summary, Prev: 4.5.5 Making The Full Line Be A Single Field -------------------------------------------- +Occasionally, it's useful to treat the whole input line as a single +field. This can be done easily and portably simply by setting `FS' to +`"\n"' (a newline).(1) + + awk -F'\n' 'PROGRAM' FILES ... + +When you do this, `$1' is the same as `$0'. + + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) Thanks to Andrew Schorr for this tip. + File: gawk.info, Node: Field Splitting Summary, Prev: Full Line Fields, Up: Field Separators @@ -32204,522 +32216,523 @@ Index Tag Table: -Node: Top1360 -Node: Foreword40540 -Node: Preface44885 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-147938 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-248034 -Node: History48266 -Node: Names50640 -Ref: Names-Footnote-152117 -Node: This Manual52189 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-157963 -Node: Conventions58063 -Node: Manual History60219 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163667 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263708 -Node: How To Contribute63782 -Node: Acknowledgments64926 -Node: Getting Started69135 -Node: Running gawk71514 -Node: One-shot72700 -Node: Read Terminal73925 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175575 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-275851 -Node: Long76022 -Node: Executable Scripts77398 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179231 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279333 -Node: Comments79880 -Node: Quoting82347 -Node: DOS Quoting86970 -Node: Sample Data Files87645 -Node: Very Simple90689 -Node: Two Rules95288 -Node: More Complex97435 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100365 -Node: Statements/Lines100450 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1104912 -Node: Other Features105177 -Node: When106105 -Node: Invoking Gawk108252 -Node: Command Line109713 -Node: Options110496 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1125888 -Node: Other Arguments125913 -Node: Naming Standard Input128571 -Node: Environment Variables129665 -Node: AWKPATH Variable130223 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1132981 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable133241 -Node: Other Environment Variables133959 -Node: Exit Status136922 -Node: Include Files137597 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries141166 -Node: Obsolete142530 -Node: Undocumented143227 -Node: Regexp143469 -Node: Regexp Usage144858 -Node: Escape Sequences146884 -Node: Regexp Operators152553 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1159933 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2160080 -Node: Bracket Expressions160178 -Ref: table-char-classes162068 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators164591 -Node: Case-sensitivity168314 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1171282 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2171517 -Node: Leftmost Longest171625 -Node: Computed Regexps172826 -Node: Reading Files176163 -Node: Records178165 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1187054 -Node: Fields187091 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1190124 -Node: Nonconstant Fields190210 -Node: Changing Fields192412 -Node: Field Separators198371 -Node: Default Field Splitting201073 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting202190 -Node: Single Character Fields205532 -Node: Command Line Field Separator206591 -Node: Full Line Fields210025 -Node: Field Splitting Summary210252 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213351 -Node: Constant Size213452 -Node: Splitting By Content218036 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1221762 -Node: Multiple Line221802 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1227649 -Node: Getline227828 -Node: Plain Getline230044 -Node: Getline/Variable232139 -Node: Getline/File233286 -Node: Getline/Variable/File234627 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236226 -Node: Getline/Pipe236313 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239012 -Node: Getline/Coprocess240119 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241371 -Node: Getline Notes242108 -Node: Getline Summary244895 -Ref: table-getline-variants245303 -Node: Read Timeout246215 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1249956 -Node: Command line directories250013 -Node: Printing250643 -Node: Print252274 -Node: Print Examples253611 -Node: Output Separators256395 -Node: OFMT258155 -Node: Printf259513 -Node: Basic Printf260419 -Node: Control Letters261958 -Node: Format Modifiers265770 -Node: Printf Examples271779 -Node: Redirection274494 -Node: Special Files281459 -Node: Special FD281992 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1285617 -Node: Special Network285691 -Node: Special Caveats286541 -Node: Close Files And Pipes287337 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1294320 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2294468 -Node: Expressions294618 -Node: Values295750 -Node: Constants296426 -Node: Scalar Constants297106 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1297965 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers298147 -Node: Regexp Constants301147 -Node: Using Constant Regexps301622 -Node: Variables304677 -Node: Using Variables305332 -Node: Assignment Options307056 -Node: Conversion308928 -Ref: table-locale-affects314429 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315053 -Node: All Operators315162 -Node: Arithmetic Ops315792 -Node: Concatenation318297 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321089 -Node: Assignment Ops321209 -Ref: table-assign-ops326197 -Node: Increment Ops327528 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions330962 -Node: Truth Values332045 -Node: Typing and Comparison333094 -Node: Variable Typing333887 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1337784 -Node: Comparison Operators337906 -Ref: table-relational-ops338316 -Node: POSIX String Comparison341865 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1342821 -Node: Boolean Ops342959 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347037 -Node: Conditional Exp347128 -Node: Function Calls348860 -Node: Precedence352454 -Node: Locales356123 -Node: Patterns and Actions357212 -Node: Pattern Overview358266 -Node: Regexp Patterns359935 -Node: Expression Patterns360478 -Node: Ranges364163 -Node: BEGIN/END367129 -Node: Using BEGIN/END367891 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370622 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END370728 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373010 -Node: Empty375924 -Node: Using Shell Variables376240 -Node: Action Overview378525 -Node: Statements380882 -Node: If Statement382736 -Node: While Statement384235 -Node: Do Statement386279 -Node: For Statement387435 -Node: Switch Statement390587 -Node: Break Statement392684 -Node: Continue Statement394674 -Node: Next Statement396467 -Node: Nextfile Statement398857 -Node: Exit Statement401500 -Node: Built-in Variables403916 -Node: User-modified405011 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413369 -Node: Auto-set413431 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1426509 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2426714 -Node: ARGC and ARGV426770 -Node: Arrays430621 -Node: Array Basics432126 -Node: Array Intro432952 -Node: Reference to Elements437269 -Node: Assigning Elements439539 -Node: Array Example440030 -Node: Scanning an Array441762 -Node: Controlling Scanning444076 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449163 -Node: Delete449479 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1452244 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts452301 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts454484 -Node: Multidimensional456111 -Node: Multiscanning459203 -Node: Arrays of Arrays460792 -Node: Functions465432 -Node: Built-in466251 -Node: Calling Built-in467329 -Node: Numeric Functions469317 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473149 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2473506 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473554 -Node: String Functions473823 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1496743 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2496872 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497120 -Node: Gory Details497207 -Ref: table-sub-escapes498886 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92500240 -Ref: table-sub-proposed501591 -Ref: table-posix-sub502945 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes504490 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1505666 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2505717 -Node: I/O Functions505868 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1512853 -Node: Time Functions513000 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1523933 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524001 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524159 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524270 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524382 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6524609 -Node: Bitwise Functions524875 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops525437 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1529658 -Node: Type Functions529842 -Node: I18N Functions530993 -Node: User-defined532620 -Node: Definition Syntax533424 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1538334 -Node: Function Example538403 -Node: Function Caveats540997 -Node: Calling A Function541418 -Node: Variable Scope542533 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference545496 -Node: Return Statement549004 -Node: Dynamic Typing551985 -Node: Indirect Calls552916 -Node: Library Functions562601 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566114 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566257 -Node: Library Names566428 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1569899 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2570119 -Node: General Functions570205 -Node: Strtonum Function571233 -Node: Assert Function574163 -Node: Round Function577489 -Node: Cliff Random Function579032 -Node: Ordinal Functions580048 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1583118 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2583370 -Node: Join Function583579 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1585350 -Node: Getlocaltime Function585550 -Node: Readfile Function589291 -Node: Data File Management591130 -Node: Filetrans Function591762 -Node: Rewind Function595831 -Node: File Checking597218 -Node: Empty Files598312 -Node: Ignoring Assigns600542 -Node: Getopt Function602095 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1613398 -Node: Passwd Functions613601 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1622576 -Node: Group Functions622664 -Node: Walking Arrays630748 -Node: Sample Programs632885 -Node: Running Examples633559 -Node: Clones634287 -Node: Cut Program635511 -Node: Egrep Program645356 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1653129 -Node: Id Program653239 -Node: Split Program656855 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1660374 -Node: Tee Program660502 -Node: Uniq Program663305 -Node: Wc Program670734 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1675000 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2675200 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs675292 -Node: Dupword Program676480 -Node: Alarm Program678511 -Node: Translate Program683264 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1687651 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2687899 -Node: Labels Program688033 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1691404 -Node: Word Sorting691488 -Node: History Sorting695372 -Node: Extract Program697211 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1704714 -Node: Simple Sed704842 -Node: Igawk Program707904 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1723061 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2723262 -Node: Anagram Program723400 -Node: Signature Program726468 -Node: Advanced Features727568 -Node: Nondecimal Data729454 -Node: Array Sorting731037 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal731734 -Node: Array Sorting Functions740018 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1743887 -Node: Two-way I/O744081 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1749513 -Node: TCP/IP Networking749583 -Node: Profiling752427 -Node: Internationalization759924 -Node: I18N and L10N761349 -Node: Explaining gettext762035 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1767103 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2767287 -Node: Programmer i18n767452 -Node: Translator i18n771654 -Node: String Extraction772447 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1773408 -Node: Printf Ordering773494 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1776278 -Node: I18N Portability776342 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1778791 -Node: I18N Example778854 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1781492 -Node: Gawk I18N781564 -Node: Debugger782185 -Node: Debugging783156 -Node: Debugging Concepts783589 -Node: Debugging Terms785445 -Node: Awk Debugging788042 -Node: Sample Debugging Session788934 -Node: Debugger Invocation789454 -Node: Finding The Bug790786 -Node: List of Debugger Commands797274 -Node: Breakpoint Control798608 -Node: Debugger Execution Control802272 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data805632 -Node: Execution Stack808988 -Node: Debugger Info810455 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands814437 -Node: Readline Support819613 -Node: Limitations820444 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic822696 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic-Footnote-1824345 -Node: General Arithmetic824493 -Node: Floating Point Issues826213 -Node: String Conversion Precision827094 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1828799 -Node: Unexpected Results828908 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems831061 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1834886 -Node: Integer Programming834924 -Node: Floating-point Programming836663 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-1842994 -Ref: Floating-point Programming-Footnote-2843264 -Node: Floating-point Representation843528 -Node: Floating-point Context844693 -Ref: table-ieee-formats845532 -Node: Rounding Mode846916 -Ref: table-rounding-modes847395 -Ref: Rounding Mode-Footnote-1850410 -Node: Gawk and MPFR850589 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Floats851844 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Floats-Footnote-1854287 -Node: Setting Precision854603 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings855289 -Node: Setting Rounding Mode857434 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes857838 -Node: Floating-point Constants859025 -Node: Changing Precision860454 -Ref: Changing Precision-Footnote-1861851 -Node: Exact Arithmetic862025 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers865163 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1868181 -Node: Dynamic Extensions868328 -Node: Extension Intro869786 -Node: Plugin License871051 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline871736 -Ref: load-extension872153 -Ref: load-new-function873631 -Ref: call-new-function874626 -Node: Extension API Description876641 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction877854 -Node: General Data Types882720 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1888325 -Node: Requesting Values888624 -Ref: table-value-types-returned889355 -Node: Constructor Functions890309 -Node: Registration Functions893329 -Node: Extension Functions894014 -Node: Exit Callback Functions896239 -Node: Extension Version String897488 -Node: Input Parsers898138 -Node: Output Wrappers907895 -Node: Two-way processors912405 -Node: Printing Messages914613 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1915690 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'915842 -Node: Accessing Parameters916581 -Node: Symbol Table Access917811 -Node: Symbol table by name918323 -Node: Symbol table by cookie920070 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1924200 -Node: Cached values924263 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1927712 -Node: Array Manipulation927803 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1928901 -Node: Array Data Types928940 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1931643 -Node: Array Functions931735 -Node: Flattening Arrays935501 -Node: Creating Arrays942353 -Node: Extension API Variables947078 -Node: Extension Versioning947714 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables949615 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate950701 -Node: Finding Extensions954505 -Node: Extension Example955065 -Node: Internal File Description955795 -Node: Internal File Ops959886 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1971394 -Node: Using Internal File Ops971534 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-1973887 -Node: Extension Samples974153 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions975677 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch984162 -Node: Extension Sample Fork985888 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace987106 -Node: Extension Sample Ord988884 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir989720 -Node: Extension Sample Revout991252 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way991845 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array992535 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile994418 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests995236 -Node: Extension Sample Time995761 -Node: gawkextlib997125 -Node: Language History999906 -Node: V7/SVR3.11001428 -Node: SVR41003748 -Node: POSIX1005190 -Node: BTL1006576 -Node: POSIX/GNU1007310 -Node: Common Extensions1012845 -Node: Ranges and Locales1014151 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11018769 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21018796 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31019056 -Node: Contributors1019277 -Node: Installation1024352 -Node: Gawk Distribution1025246 -Node: Getting1025730 -Node: Extracting1026556 -Node: Distribution contents1028248 -Node: Unix Installation1033953 -Node: Quick Installation1034570 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1037014 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1038750 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1041104 -Node: PC Installation1041562 -Node: PC Binary Installation1042861 -Node: PC Compiling1044709 -Node: PC Testing1047653 -Node: PC Using1048829 -Node: Cygwin1053014 -Node: MSYS1054014 -Node: VMS Installation1054528 -Node: VMS Compilation1055131 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11056138 -Node: VMS Installation Details1056196 -Node: VMS Running1057831 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1059438 -Node: Bugs1059912 -Node: Other Versions1063768 -Node: Notes1069852 -Node: Compatibility Mode1070652 -Node: Additions1071435 -Node: Accessing The Source1072362 -Node: Adding Code1073802 -Node: New Ports1079847 -Node: Derived Files1083982 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11089303 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21089337 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31089937 -Node: Future Extensions1090035 -Node: Implementation Limitations1090618 -Node: Extension Design1091870 -Node: Old Extension Problems1093024 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11094532 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1094589 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11097954 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1098140 -Node: Extension Future Growth1100246 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1101082 -Node: Basic Concepts1102822 -Node: Basic High Level1103503 -Ref: figure-general-flow1103774 -Ref: figure-process-flow1104373 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11107602 -Node: Basic Data Typing1107787 -Node: Glossary1111142 -Node: Copying1136604 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1174161 -Node: Index1199298 +Node: Top1366 +Node: Foreword40552 +Node: Preface44897 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-147950 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-248046 +Node: History48278 +Node: Names50652 +Ref: Names-Footnote-152129 +Node: This Manual52201 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-157975 +Node: Conventions58075 +Node: Manual History60231 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-163679 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-263720 +Node: How To Contribute63794 +Node: Acknowledgments64938 +Node: Getting Started69147 +Node: Running gawk71526 +Node: One-shot72712 +Node: Read Terminal73937 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-175587 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-275863 +Node: Long76034 +Node: Executable Scripts77410 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-179243 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-279345 +Node: Comments79892 +Node: Quoting82359 +Node: DOS Quoting86982 +Node: Sample Data Files87657 +Node: Very Simple90701 +Node: Two Rules95300 +Node: More Complex97447 +Ref: More Complex-Footnote-1100377 +Node: Statements/Lines100462 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1104924 +Node: Other Features105189 +Node: When106117 +Node: Invoking Gawk108264 +Node: Command Line109725 +Node: Options110508 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1125900 +Node: Other Arguments125925 +Node: Naming Standard Input128583 +Node: Environment Variables129677 +Node: AWKPATH Variable130235 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1132993 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable133253 +Node: Other Environment Variables133971 +Node: Exit Status136934 +Node: Include Files137609 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries141178 +Node: Obsolete142542 +Node: Undocumented143239 +Node: Regexp143481 +Node: Regexp Usage144870 +Node: Escape Sequences146896 +Node: Regexp Operators152565 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1159945 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2160092 +Node: Bracket Expressions160190 +Ref: table-char-classes162080 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators164603 +Node: Case-sensitivity168326 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1171294 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2171529 +Node: Leftmost Longest171637 +Node: Computed Regexps172838 +Node: Reading Files176175 +Node: Records178177 +Ref: Records-Footnote-1187066 +Node: Fields187103 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1190136 +Node: Nonconstant Fields190222 +Node: Changing Fields192424 +Node: Field Separators198383 +Node: Default Field Splitting201085 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting202202 +Node: Single Character Fields205544 +Node: Command Line Field Separator206603 +Node: Full Line Fields210037 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1210545 +Node: Field Splitting Summary210591 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1213690 +Node: Constant Size213791 +Node: Splitting By Content218375 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1222101 +Node: Multiple Line222141 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1227988 +Node: Getline228167 +Node: Plain Getline230383 +Node: Getline/Variable232478 +Node: Getline/File233625 +Node: Getline/Variable/File234966 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1236565 +Node: Getline/Pipe236652 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe239351 +Node: Getline/Coprocess240458 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess241710 +Node: Getline Notes242447 +Node: Getline Summary245234 +Ref: table-getline-variants245642 +Node: Read Timeout246554 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1250295 +Node: Command line directories250352 +Node: Printing250982 +Node: Print252613 +Node: Print Examples253950 +Node: Output Separators256734 +Node: OFMT258494 +Node: Printf259852 +Node: Basic Printf260758 +Node: Control Letters262297 +Node: Format Modifiers266109 +Node: Printf Examples272118 +Node: Redirection274833 +Node: Special Files281798 +Node: Special FD282331 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1285956 +Node: Special Network286030 +Node: Special Caveats286880 +Node: Close Files And Pipes287676 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1294659 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2294807 +Node: Expressions294957 +Node: Values296089 +Node: Constants296765 +Node: Scalar Constants297445 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1298304 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers298486 +Node: Regexp Constants301486 +Node: Using Constant Regexps301961 +Node: Variables305016 +Node: Using Variables305671 +Node: Assignment Options307395 +Node: Conversion309267 +Ref: table-locale-affects314768 +Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1315392 +Node: All Operators315501 +Node: Arithmetic Ops316131 +Node: Concatenation318636 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1321428 +Node: Assignment Ops321548 +Ref: table-assign-ops326536 +Node: Increment Ops327867 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions331301 +Node: Truth Values332384 +Node: Typing and Comparison333433 +Node: Variable Typing334226 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1338123 +Node: Comparison Operators338245 +Ref: table-relational-ops338655 +Node: POSIX String Comparison342204 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1343160 +Node: Boolean Ops343298 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1347376 +Node: Conditional Exp347467 +Node: Function Calls349199 +Node: Precedence352793 +Node: Locales356462 +Node: Patterns and Actions357551 +Node: Pattern Overview358605 +Node: Regexp Patterns360274 +Node: Expression Patterns360817 +Node: Ranges364502 +Node: BEGIN/END367468 +Node: Using BEGIN/END368230 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1370961 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END371067 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE373349 +Node: Empty376263 +Node: Using Shell Variables376579 +Node: Action Overview378864 +Node: Statements381221 +Node: If Statement383075 +Node: While Statement384574 +Node: Do Statement386618 +Node: For Statement387774 +Node: Switch Statement390926 +Node: Break Statement393023 +Node: Continue Statement395013 +Node: Next Statement396806 +Node: Nextfile Statement399196 +Node: Exit Statement401839 +Node: Built-in Variables404255 +Node: User-modified405350 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413708 +Node: Auto-set413770 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1426848 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2427053 +Node: ARGC and ARGV427109 +Node: Arrays430960 +Node: Array Basics432465 +Node: Array Intro433291 +Node: Reference to Elements437608 +Node: Assigning Elements439878 +Node: Array Example440369 +Node: Scanning an Array442101 +Node: Controlling Scanning444415 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1449502 +Node: Delete449818 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1452583 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts452640 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts454823 +Node: Multidimensional456450 +Node: Multiscanning459542 +Node: Arrays of Arrays461131 +Node: Functions465771 +Node: Built-in466590 +Node: Calling Built-in467668 +Node: Numeric Functions469656 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1473488 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2473845 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473893 +Node: String Functions474162 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497082 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497211 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497459 +Node: Gory Details497546 +Ref: table-sub-escapes499225 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92500579 +Ref: table-sub-proposed501930 +Ref: table-posix-sub503284 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes504829 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506005 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506056 +Node: I/O Functions506207 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513192 +Node: Time Functions513339 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524272 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524340 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524498 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524609 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524721 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6524948 +Node: Bitwise Functions525214 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops525776 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1529997 +Node: Type Functions530181 +Node: I18N Functions531332 +Node: User-defined532959 +Node: Definition Syntax533763 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1538673 +Node: Function Example538742 +Node: Function Caveats541336 +Node: Calling A Function541757 +Node: Variable Scope542872 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference545835 +Node: Return Statement549343 +Node: Dynamic Typing552324 +Node: Indirect Calls553255 +Node: Library Functions562940 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566453 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566596 +Node: Library Names566767 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570238 +Ref: Library 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Derived Files-Footnote-11089642 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21089676 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31090276 +Node: Future Extensions1090374 +Node: Implementation Limitations1090957 +Node: Extension Design1092209 +Node: Old Extension Problems1093363 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11094871 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1094928 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11098293 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1098479 +Node: Extension Future Growth1100585 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1101421 +Node: Basic Concepts1103161 +Node: Basic High Level1103842 +Ref: figure-general-flow1104113 +Ref: figure-process-flow1104712 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11107941 +Node: Basic Data Typing1108126 +Node: Glossary1111481 +Node: Copying1136943 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1174500 +Node: Index1199637 End Tag Table |