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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1042 |
1 files changed, 521 insertions, 521 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index d574aa8b..2be2c24f 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -2501,10 +2501,10 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `--debug'[`='FILE] Enable debugging of `awk' programs (*note Debugging::). By default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the - keyboard. The optional FILE argument allows you to specify a file - with a list of commands for the debugger to execute - non-interactively. No space is allowed between the `-D' and FILE, - if FILE is supplied. + keyboard (standard input). The optional FILE argument allows you + to specify a file with a list of commands for the debugger to + execute non-interactively. No space is allowed between the `-D' + and FILE, if FILE is supplied. `-e' PROGRAM-TEXT `--source' PROGRAM-TEXT @@ -29570,6 +29570,10 @@ Bourne Shell shells (Bash, `ksh', `pdksh', `zsh') are generally upwardly compatible with the Bourne shell. +Braces + The characters `{' and `}'. Braces are used in `awk' for + delimiting actions, compound statements, and function bodies. + Built-in Function The `awk' language provides built-in functions that perform various numerical, I/O-related, and string computations. Examples are @@ -29588,10 +29592,6 @@ Built-in Variable them affects `awk''s running environment. (*Note Built-in Variables::.) -Braces - The characters `{' and `}'. Braces are used in `awk' for - delimiting actions, compound statements, and function bodies. - C The system programming language that most GNU software is written in. The `awk' programming language has C-like syntax, and this @@ -34417,518 +34417,518 @@ Node: Intro Summary111987 Node: Invoking Gawk112870 Node: Command Line114385 Node: Options115176 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1130942 -Node: Other Arguments130967 -Node: Naming Standard Input133928 -Node: Environment Variables135021 -Node: AWKPATH Variable135579 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1138879 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2138924 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable139184 -Node: Other Environment Variables140327 -Node: Exit Status143818 -Node: Include Files144493 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries148081 -Node: Obsolete149508 -Node: Undocumented150205 -Node: Invoking Summary150472 -Node: Regexp152138 -Node: Regexp Usage153597 -Node: Escape Sequences155630 -Node: Regexp Operators161878 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1169312 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2169459 -Node: Bracket Expressions169557 -Ref: table-char-classes171574 -Node: Leftmost Longest174514 -Node: Computed Regexps175816 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators179213 -Node: Case-sensitivity182915 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1185805 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2186040 -Node: Regexp Summary186148 -Node: Reading Files187617 -Node: Records189711 -Node: awk split records190443 -Node: gawk split records195357 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1199896 -Node: Fields199933 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1202731 -Node: Nonconstant Fields202817 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1205053 -Node: Changing Fields205255 -Node: Field Separators211187 -Node: Default Field Splitting213891 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting215008 -Node: Single Character Fields218358 -Node: Command Line Field Separator219417 -Node: Full Line Fields222629 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1223137 -Node: Field Splitting Summary223183 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1226314 -Node: Constant Size226415 -Node: Splitting By Content231021 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1235094 -Node: Multiple Line235134 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1241023 -Node: Getline241202 -Node: Plain Getline243413 -Node: Getline/Variable246053 -Node: Getline/File247200 -Node: Getline/Variable/File248584 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1250185 -Node: Getline/Pipe250272 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe252955 -Node: Getline/Coprocess254086 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess255338 -Node: Getline Notes256077 -Node: Getline Summary258869 -Ref: table-getline-variants259281 -Node: Read Timeout260110 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1263924 -Node: Command-line directories263982 -Node: Input Summary264886 -Node: Input Exercises268138 -Node: Printing268866 -Node: Print270643 -Node: Print Examples272100 -Node: Output Separators274879 -Node: OFMT276897 -Node: Printf278251 -Node: Basic Printf279036 -Node: Control Letters280607 -Node: Format Modifiers284591 -Node: Printf Examples290598 -Node: Redirection293080 -Node: Special FD299919 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1303076 -Node: Special Files303150 -Node: Other Inherited Files303766 -Node: Special Network304766 -Node: Special Caveats305627 -Node: Close Files And Pipes306578 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1313757 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2313905 -Node: Output Summary314055 -Node: Output Exercises315051 -Node: Expressions315731 -Node: Values316916 -Node: Constants317592 -Node: Scalar Constants318272 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1319131 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers319381 -Node: Regexp Constants322381 -Node: Using Constant Regexps322906 -Node: Variables326044 -Node: Using Variables326699 -Node: Assignment Options328609 -Node: Conversion330484 -Node: Strings And Numbers331008 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1334072 -Node: Locale influences conversions334181 -Ref: table-locale-affects336926 -Node: All Operators337514 -Node: Arithmetic Ops338144 -Node: Concatenation340649 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1343468 -Node: Assignment Ops343574 -Ref: table-assign-ops348557 -Node: Increment Ops349835 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions353273 -Node: Truth Values354356 -Node: Typing and Comparison355405 -Node: Variable Typing356198 -Node: Comparison Operators359850 -Ref: table-relational-ops360260 -Node: POSIX String Comparison363775 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1364847 -Node: Boolean Ops364985 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1369464 -Node: Conditional Exp369555 -Node: Function Calls371282 -Node: Precedence375162 -Node: Locales378830 -Node: Expressions Summary380461 -Node: Patterns and Actions383035 -Node: Pattern Overview384155 -Node: Regexp Patterns385834 -Node: Expression Patterns386377 -Node: Ranges390157 -Node: BEGIN/END393263 -Node: Using BEGIN/END394025 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1396762 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END396868 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE399182 -Node: Empty402083 -Node: Using Shell Variables402400 -Node: Action Overview404676 -Node: Statements407003 -Node: If Statement408851 -Node: While Statement410349 -Node: Do Statement412377 -Node: For Statement413519 -Node: Switch Statement416674 -Node: Break Statement419062 -Node: Continue Statement421103 -Node: Next Statement422928 -Node: Nextfile Statement425308 -Node: Exit Statement427938 -Node: Built-in Variables430341 -Node: User-modified431474 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1439154 -Node: Auto-set439216 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1452583 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2452788 -Node: ARGC and ARGV452844 -Node: Pattern Action Summary457048 -Node: Arrays459475 -Node: Array Basics460804 -Node: Array Intro461648 -Ref: figure-array-elements463612 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1466136 -Node: Reference to Elements466264 -Node: Assigning Elements468714 -Node: Array Example469205 -Node: Scanning an Array470963 -Node: Controlling Scanning473979 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1479168 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts479484 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts481669 -Node: Delete483286 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1486030 -Node: Multidimensional486087 -Node: Multiscanning489182 -Node: Arrays of Arrays490771 -Node: Arrays Summary495532 -Node: Functions497637 -Node: Built-in498510 -Node: Calling Built-in499588 -Node: Numeric Functions501576 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1506400 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2506757 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3506805 -Node: String Functions507074 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1530546 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2530675 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3530923 -Node: Gory Details531010 -Ref: table-sub-escapes532791 -Ref: table-sub-proposed534311 -Ref: table-posix-sub535675 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes537215 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1538047 -Node: I/O Functions538198 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1545299 -Node: Time Functions545446 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1555915 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2555983 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3556141 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4556252 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5556364 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6556591 -Node: Bitwise Functions556857 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops557419 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1561727 -Node: Type Functions561896 -Node: I18N Functions563045 -Node: User-defined564690 -Node: Definition Syntax565494 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1570900 -Node: Function Example570969 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1573886 -Node: Function Caveats573908 -Node: Calling A Function574426 -Node: Variable Scope575381 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference578369 -Node: Return Statement581879 -Node: Dynamic Typing584863 -Node: Indirect Calls585792 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1597096 -Node: Functions Summary597224 -Node: Library Functions599923 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1603541 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2603684 -Node: Library Names603855 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1607315 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2607535 -Node: General Functions607621 -Node: Strtonum Function608724 -Node: Assert Function611744 -Node: Round Function615068 -Node: Cliff Random Function616609 -Node: Ordinal Functions617625 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1620690 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2620942 -Node: Join Function621153 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1622924 -Node: Getlocaltime Function623124 -Node: Readfile Function626865 -Node: Shell Quoting628835 -Node: Data File Management630236 -Node: Filetrans Function630868 -Node: Rewind Function634927 -Node: File Checking636312 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1637640 -Node: Empty Files637841 -Node: Ignoring Assigns639820 -Node: Getopt Function641371 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1652831 -Node: Passwd Functions653034 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1661885 -Node: Group Functions661973 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1669876 -Node: Walking Arrays670089 -Node: Library Functions Summary671692 -Node: Library Exercises673093 -Node: Sample Programs674373 -Node: Running Examples675143 -Node: Clones675871 -Node: Cut Program677095 -Node: Egrep Program686825 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1694329 -Node: Id Program694439 -Node: Split Program698083 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1701529 -Node: Tee Program701657 -Node: Uniq Program704444 -Node: Wc Program711865 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1716113 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs716205 -Node: Dupword Program717418 -Node: Alarm Program719449 -Node: Translate Program724253 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1728817 -Node: Labels Program729087 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1732436 -Node: Word Sorting732520 -Node: History Sorting736590 -Node: Extract Program738426 -Node: Simple Sed745958 -Node: Igawk Program749020 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1763346 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2763547 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3763669 -Node: Anagram Program763784 -Node: Signature Program766846 -Node: Programs Summary768093 -Node: Programs Exercises769286 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1773417 -Node: Advanced Features773508 -Node: Nondecimal Data775456 -Node: Array Sorting777046 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal777743 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1786074 -Node: Array Sorting Functions786192 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1790084 -Node: Two-way I/O790278 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1795222 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2795408 -Node: TCP/IP Networking795490 -Node: Profiling798362 -Node: Advanced Features Summary806636 -Node: Internationalization808569 -Node: I18N and L10N810049 -Node: Explaining gettext810735 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1815764 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2815948 -Node: Programmer i18n816113 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1820979 -Node: Translator i18n821028 -Node: String Extraction821822 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1822953 -Node: Printf Ordering823039 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1825825 -Node: I18N Portability825889 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1828338 -Node: I18N Example828401 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1831201 -Node: Gawk I18N831273 -Node: I18N Summary831911 -Node: Debugger833250 -Node: Debugging834272 -Node: Debugging Concepts834713 -Node: Debugging Terms836570 -Node: Awk Debugging839145 -Node: Sample Debugging Session840037 -Node: Debugger Invocation840557 -Node: Finding The Bug841941 -Node: List of Debugger Commands848416 -Node: Breakpoint Control849748 -Node: Debugger Execution Control853440 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data856804 -Node: Execution Stack860169 -Node: Debugger Info861807 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands865824 -Node: Readline Support871016 -Node: Limitations871908 -Node: Debugging Summary874005 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic875173 -Node: Computer Arithmetic876589 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges880190 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1881049 -Node: Math Definitions881106 -Ref: table-ieee-formats884393 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1884997 -Node: MPFR features885102 -Node: FP Math Caution886773 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1887823 -Node: Inexactness of computations888192 -Node: Inexact representation889140 -Node: Comparing FP Values890495 -Node: Errors accumulate891568 -Node: Getting Accuracy893001 -Node: Try To Round895660 -Node: Setting precision896559 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings897243 -Node: Setting the rounding mode899037 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes899401 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1902855 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers903034 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1907938 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems908087 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1911963 -Node: Floating point summary912001 -Node: Dynamic Extensions914193 -Node: Extension Intro915745 -Node: Plugin License917011 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline917808 -Ref: figure-load-extension918236 -Ref: figure-register-new-function919716 -Ref: figure-call-new-function920720 -Node: Extension API Description922706 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction924156 -Node: General Data Types928992 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1934679 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions934978 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1937808 -Node: Constructor Functions937904 -Node: Registration Functions939638 -Node: Extension Functions940323 -Node: Exit Callback Functions942619 -Node: Extension Version String943867 -Node: Input Parsers944517 -Node: Output Wrappers954332 -Node: Two-way processors958848 -Node: Printing Messages961052 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1962129 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'962281 -Node: Requesting Values963021 -Ref: table-value-types-returned963749 -Node: Accessing Parameters964707 -Node: Symbol Table Access965938 -Node: Symbol table by name966452 -Node: Symbol table by cookie968432 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1972571 -Node: Cached values972634 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1976138 -Node: Array Manipulation976229 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1977327 -Node: Array Data Types977366 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1980023 -Node: Array Functions980115 -Node: Flattening Arrays983969 -Node: Creating Arrays990856 -Node: Extension API Variables995623 -Node: Extension Versioning996259 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables998160 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate999248 -Node: Finding Extensions1003064 -Node: Extension Example1003624 -Node: Internal File Description1004396 -Node: Internal File Ops1008463 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11020121 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1020261 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11022644 -Node: Extension Samples1022917 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1024441 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1032043 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1033525 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1034738 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1036413 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1037249 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1038125 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1038936 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1039527 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1040268 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1042207 -Node: Extension Sample Time1043302 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1044651 -Node: gawkextlib1045142 -Node: Extension summary1047792 -Node: Extension Exercises1051474 -Node: Language History1052196 -Node: V7/SVR3.11053853 -Node: SVR41056034 -Node: POSIX1057479 -Node: BTL1058868 -Node: POSIX/GNU1059602 -Node: Feature History1065231 -Node: Common Extensions1078329 -Node: Ranges and Locales1079653 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11084292 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21084319 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31084553 -Node: Contributors1084774 -Node: History summary1090314 -Node: Installation1091683 -Node: Gawk Distribution1092639 -Node: Getting1093123 -Node: Extracting1093947 -Node: Distribution contents1095589 -Node: Unix Installation1101359 -Node: Quick Installation1101976 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1104407 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1106147 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1108498 -Node: PC Installation1108956 -Node: PC Binary Installation1110282 -Node: PC Compiling1112130 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11115151 -Node: PC Testing1115256 -Node: PC Using1116432 -Node: Cygwin1120547 -Node: MSYS1121370 -Node: VMS Installation1121868 -Node: VMS Compilation1122660 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11123882 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1123940 -Node: VMS Installation Details1125624 -Node: VMS Running1127876 -Node: VMS GNV1130717 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1131451 -Node: Bugs1131921 -Node: Other Versions1135825 -Node: Installation summary1142038 -Node: Notes1143094 -Node: Compatibility Mode1143959 -Node: Additions1144741 -Node: Accessing The Source1145666 -Node: Adding Code1147102 -Node: New Ports1153274 -Node: Derived Files1157756 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11163231 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21163265 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31163861 -Node: Future Extensions1163975 -Node: Implementation Limitations1164581 -Node: Extension Design1165829 -Node: Old Extension Problems1166983 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11168500 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1168557 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11171917 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1172106 -Node: Extension Future Growth1174214 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1175050 -Node: Notes summary1176812 -Node: Basic Concepts1177998 -Node: Basic High Level1178679 -Ref: figure-general-flow1178951 -Ref: figure-process-flow1179550 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11182779 -Node: Basic Data Typing1182964 -Node: Glossary1186292 -Node: Copying1211450 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1249006 -Node: Index1274142 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1130959 +Node: Other Arguments130984 +Node: Naming Standard Input133945 +Node: Environment Variables135038 +Node: AWKPATH Variable135596 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1138896 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2138941 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable139201 +Node: Other Environment Variables140344 +Node: Exit Status143835 +Node: Include Files144510 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries148098 +Node: Obsolete149525 +Node: Undocumented150222 +Node: Invoking Summary150489 +Node: Regexp152155 +Node: Regexp Usage153614 +Node: Escape Sequences155647 +Node: Regexp Operators161895 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1169329 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2169476 +Node: Bracket Expressions169574 +Ref: table-char-classes171591 +Node: Leftmost Longest174531 +Node: Computed Regexps175833 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators179230 +Node: Case-sensitivity182932 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1185822 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2186057 +Node: Regexp Summary186165 +Node: Reading Files187634 +Node: Records189728 +Node: awk split records190460 +Node: gawk split records195374 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1199913 +Node: Fields199950 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1202748 +Node: Nonconstant Fields202834 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1205070 +Node: Changing Fields205272 +Node: Field Separators211204 +Node: Default Field Splitting213908 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting215025 +Node: Single Character Fields218375 +Node: Command Line Field Separator219434 +Node: Full Line Fields222646 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1223154 +Node: Field Splitting Summary223200 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1226331 +Node: Constant Size226432 +Node: Splitting By Content231038 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1235111 +Node: Multiple Line235151 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1241040 +Node: Getline241219 +Node: Plain Getline243430 +Node: Getline/Variable246070 +Node: Getline/File247217 +Node: Getline/Variable/File248601 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1250202 +Node: Getline/Pipe250289 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe252972 +Node: Getline/Coprocess254103 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess255355 +Node: Getline Notes256094 +Node: Getline Summary258886 +Ref: table-getline-variants259298 +Node: Read Timeout260127 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1263941 +Node: Command-line directories263999 +Node: Input Summary264903 +Node: Input Exercises268155 +Node: Printing268883 +Node: Print270660 +Node: Print Examples272117 +Node: Output Separators274896 +Node: OFMT276914 +Node: Printf278268 +Node: Basic Printf279053 +Node: Control Letters280624 +Node: Format Modifiers284608 +Node: Printf Examples290615 +Node: Redirection293097 +Node: Special FD299936 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1303093 +Node: Special Files303167 +Node: Other Inherited Files303783 +Node: Special Network304783 +Node: Special Caveats305644 +Node: Close Files And Pipes306595 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1313774 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2313922 +Node: Output Summary314072 +Node: Output Exercises315068 +Node: Expressions315748 +Node: Values316933 +Node: Constants317609 +Node: Scalar Constants318289 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1319148 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers319398 +Node: Regexp Constants322398 +Node: Using Constant Regexps322923 +Node: Variables326061 +Node: Using Variables326716 +Node: Assignment Options328626 +Node: Conversion330501 +Node: Strings And Numbers331025 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1334089 +Node: Locale influences conversions334198 +Ref: table-locale-affects336943 +Node: All Operators337531 +Node: Arithmetic Ops338161 +Node: Concatenation340666 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1343485 +Node: Assignment Ops343591 +Ref: table-assign-ops348574 +Node: Increment Ops349852 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions353290 +Node: Truth Values354373 +Node: Typing and Comparison355422 +Node: Variable Typing356215 +Node: Comparison Operators359867 +Ref: table-relational-ops360277 +Node: POSIX String Comparison363792 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1364864 +Node: Boolean Ops365002 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1369481 +Node: Conditional Exp369572 +Node: Function Calls371299 +Node: Precedence375179 +Node: Locales378847 +Node: Expressions Summary380478 +Node: Patterns and Actions383052 +Node: Pattern Overview384172 +Node: Regexp Patterns385851 +Node: Expression Patterns386394 +Node: Ranges390174 +Node: BEGIN/END393280 +Node: Using BEGIN/END394042 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1396779 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END396885 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE399199 +Node: Empty402100 +Node: Using Shell Variables402417 +Node: Action Overview404693 +Node: Statements407020 +Node: If Statement408868 +Node: While Statement410366 +Node: Do Statement412394 +Node: For Statement413536 +Node: Switch Statement416691 +Node: Break Statement419079 +Node: Continue Statement421120 +Node: Next Statement422945 +Node: Nextfile Statement425325 +Node: Exit Statement427955 +Node: Built-in Variables430358 +Node: User-modified431491 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1439171 +Node: Auto-set439233 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1452600 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2452805 +Node: ARGC and ARGV452861 +Node: Pattern Action Summary457065 +Node: Arrays459492 +Node: Array Basics460821 +Node: Array Intro461665 +Ref: figure-array-elements463629 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1466153 +Node: Reference to Elements466281 +Node: Assigning Elements468731 +Node: Array Example469222 +Node: Scanning an Array470980 +Node: Controlling Scanning473996 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1479185 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts479501 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts481686 +Node: Delete483303 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1486047 +Node: Multidimensional486104 +Node: Multiscanning489199 +Node: Arrays of Arrays490788 +Node: Arrays Summary495549 +Node: Functions497654 +Node: Built-in498527 +Node: Calling Built-in499605 +Node: Numeric Functions501593 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1506417 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2506774 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3506822 +Node: String Functions507091 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1530563 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2530692 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3530940 +Node: Gory Details531027 +Ref: table-sub-escapes532808 +Ref: table-sub-proposed534328 +Ref: table-posix-sub535692 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes537232 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1538064 +Node: I/O Functions538215 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1545316 +Node: Time Functions545463 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1555932 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2556000 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3556158 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4556269 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5556381 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6556608 +Node: Bitwise Functions556874 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops557436 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1561744 +Node: Type Functions561913 +Node: I18N Functions563062 +Node: User-defined564707 +Node: Definition Syntax565511 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1570917 +Node: Function Example570986 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1573903 +Node: Function Caveats573925 +Node: Calling A Function574443 +Node: Variable Scope575398 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference578386 +Node: Return Statement581896 +Node: Dynamic Typing584880 +Node: Indirect Calls585809 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1597113 +Node: Functions Summary597241 +Node: Library Functions599940 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1603558 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2603701 +Node: Library Names603872 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1607332 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2607552 +Node: General Functions607638 +Node: Strtonum Function608741 +Node: Assert Function611761 +Node: Round Function615085 +Node: Cliff Random Function616626 +Node: Ordinal Functions617642 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1620707 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2620959 +Node: Join Function621170 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1622941 +Node: Getlocaltime Function623141 +Node: Readfile Function626882 +Node: Shell Quoting628852 +Node: Data File Management630253 +Node: Filetrans Function630885 +Node: Rewind Function634944 +Node: File Checking636329 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1637657 +Node: Empty Files637858 +Node: Ignoring Assigns639837 +Node: Getopt Function641388 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1652848 +Node: Passwd Functions653051 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1661902 +Node: Group Functions661990 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1669893 +Node: Walking Arrays670106 +Node: Library Functions Summary671709 +Node: Library Exercises673110 +Node: Sample Programs674390 +Node: Running Examples675160 +Node: Clones675888 +Node: Cut Program677112 +Node: Egrep Program686842 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1694346 +Node: Id Program694456 +Node: Split Program698100 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1701546 +Node: Tee Program701674 +Node: Uniq Program704461 +Node: Wc Program711882 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1716130 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs716222 +Node: Dupword Program717435 +Node: Alarm Program719466 +Node: Translate Program724270 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1728834 +Node: Labels Program729104 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1732453 +Node: Word Sorting732537 +Node: History Sorting736607 +Node: Extract Program738443 +Node: Simple Sed745975 +Node: Igawk Program749037 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1763363 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2763564 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3763686 +Node: Anagram Program763801 +Node: Signature Program766863 +Node: Programs Summary768110 +Node: Programs Exercises769303 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1773434 +Node: Advanced Features773525 +Node: Nondecimal Data775473 +Node: Array Sorting777063 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal777760 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1786091 +Node: Array Sorting Functions786209 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1790101 +Node: Two-way I/O790295 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1795239 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2795425 +Node: TCP/IP Networking795507 +Node: Profiling798379 +Node: Advanced Features Summary806653 +Node: Internationalization808586 +Node: I18N and L10N810066 +Node: Explaining gettext810752 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1815781 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2815965 +Node: Programmer i18n816130 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1820996 +Node: Translator i18n821045 +Node: String Extraction821839 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1822970 +Node: Printf Ordering823056 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1825842 +Node: I18N Portability825906 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1828355 +Node: I18N Example828418 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1831218 +Node: Gawk I18N831290 +Node: I18N Summary831928 +Node: Debugger833267 +Node: Debugging834289 +Node: Debugging Concepts834730 +Node: Debugging Terms836587 +Node: Awk Debugging839162 +Node: Sample Debugging Session840054 +Node: Debugger Invocation840574 +Node: Finding The Bug841958 +Node: List of Debugger Commands848433 +Node: Breakpoint Control849765 +Node: Debugger Execution Control853457 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data856821 +Node: Execution Stack860186 +Node: Debugger Info861824 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands865841 +Node: Readline Support871033 +Node: Limitations871925 +Node: Debugging Summary874022 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic875190 +Node: Computer Arithmetic876606 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges880207 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1881066 +Node: Math Definitions881123 +Ref: table-ieee-formats884410 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1885014 +Node: MPFR features885119 +Node: FP Math Caution886790 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1887840 +Node: Inexactness of computations888209 +Node: Inexact representation889157 +Node: Comparing FP Values890512 +Node: Errors accumulate891585 +Node: Getting Accuracy893018 +Node: Try To Round895677 +Node: Setting precision896576 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings897260 +Node: Setting the rounding mode899054 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes899418 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1902872 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers903051 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1907955 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems908104 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1911980 +Node: Floating point summary912018 +Node: Dynamic Extensions914210 +Node: Extension Intro915762 +Node: Plugin License917028 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline917825 +Ref: figure-load-extension918253 +Ref: figure-register-new-function919733 +Ref: figure-call-new-function920737 +Node: Extension API Description922723 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction924173 +Node: General Data Types929009 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1934696 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions934995 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1937825 +Node: Constructor Functions937921 +Node: Registration Functions939655 +Node: Extension Functions940340 +Node: Exit Callback Functions942636 +Node: Extension Version String943884 +Node: Input Parsers944534 +Node: Output Wrappers954349 +Node: Two-way processors958865 +Node: Printing Messages961069 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1962146 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'962298 +Node: Requesting Values963038 +Ref: table-value-types-returned963766 +Node: Accessing Parameters964724 +Node: Symbol Table Access965955 +Node: Symbol table by name966469 +Node: Symbol table by cookie968449 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1972588 +Node: Cached values972651 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1976155 +Node: Array Manipulation976246 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1977344 +Node: Array Data Types977383 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1980040 +Node: Array Functions980132 +Node: Flattening Arrays983986 +Node: Creating Arrays990873 +Node: Extension API Variables995640 +Node: Extension Versioning996276 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables998177 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate999265 +Node: Finding Extensions1003081 +Node: Extension Example1003641 +Node: Internal File Description1004413 +Node: Internal File Ops1008480 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11020138 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1020278 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11022661 +Node: Extension Samples1022934 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1024458 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1032060 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1033542 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1034755 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1036430 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1037266 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1038142 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1038953 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1039544 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1040285 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1042224 +Node: Extension Sample Time1043319 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1044668 +Node: gawkextlib1045159 +Node: Extension summary1047809 +Node: Extension Exercises1051491 +Node: Language History1052213 +Node: V7/SVR3.11053870 +Node: SVR41056051 +Node: POSIX1057496 +Node: BTL1058885 +Node: POSIX/GNU1059619 +Node: Feature History1065248 +Node: Common Extensions1078346 +Node: Ranges and Locales1079670 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11084309 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21084336 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31084570 +Node: Contributors1084791 +Node: History summary1090331 +Node: Installation1091700 +Node: Gawk Distribution1092656 +Node: Getting1093140 +Node: Extracting1093964 +Node: Distribution contents1095606 +Node: Unix Installation1101376 +Node: Quick Installation1101993 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1104424 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1106164 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1108515 +Node: PC Installation1108973 +Node: PC Binary Installation1110299 +Node: PC Compiling1112147 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11115168 +Node: PC Testing1115273 +Node: PC Using1116449 +Node: Cygwin1120564 +Node: MSYS1121387 +Node: VMS Installation1121885 +Node: VMS Compilation1122677 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11123899 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1123957 +Node: VMS Installation Details1125641 +Node: VMS Running1127893 +Node: VMS GNV1130734 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1131468 +Node: Bugs1131938 +Node: Other Versions1135842 +Node: Installation summary1142055 +Node: Notes1143111 +Node: Compatibility Mode1143976 +Node: Additions1144758 +Node: Accessing The Source1145683 +Node: Adding Code1147119 +Node: New Ports1153291 +Node: Derived Files1157773 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11163248 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21163282 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31163878 +Node: Future Extensions1163992 +Node: Implementation Limitations1164598 +Node: Extension Design1165846 +Node: Old Extension Problems1167000 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11168517 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1168574 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11171934 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1172123 +Node: Extension Future Growth1174231 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1175067 +Node: Notes summary1176829 +Node: Basic Concepts1178015 +Node: Basic High Level1178696 +Ref: figure-general-flow1178968 +Ref: figure-process-flow1179567 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11182796 +Node: Basic Data Typing1182981 +Node: Glossary1186309 +Node: Copying1211467 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1249023 +Node: Index1274159 End Tag Table |