aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat
-rw-r--r--ChangeLog19
-rw-r--r--NEWS11
-rw-r--r--awk.h9
-rw-r--r--awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.awk59
-rw-r--r--awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.c60
-rw-r--r--awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.py42
-rw-r--r--builtin.c2
-rw-r--r--doc/ChangeLog39
-rw-r--r--doc/gawk.info1288
-rw-r--r--doc/gawk.texi276
-rw-r--r--doc/gawktexi.in276
-rw-r--r--doc/it/ChangeLog37
-rwxr-xr-x[-rw-r--r--]doc/it/gawktexi.in734
-rwxr-xr-xdoc/it/gendocs.sh510
-rwxr-xr-xdoc/it/gendocs_template101
-rwxr-xr-xdoc/it/genera_formati.sh13
-rwxr-xr-x[-rw-r--r--]doc/it/texinfo.tex191
-rw-r--r--doc/wordlist1
-rw-r--r--eval.c96
-rw-r--r--interpret.h12
-rw-r--r--mpfr.c44
-rw-r--r--node.c3
-rw-r--r--str_array.c38
23 files changed, 2901 insertions, 960 deletions
diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index aef3fc2d..688f8be1 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@
* interpret.h (r_interpret): Remove LINT_no_effect from Op_lint
case.
+2021-03-21 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * str_array.c (fnv1a_hash_string): New function.
+ (str_array_init): Use fnv1a_hash_string if AWK_HASH env var
+ set to "fnv1a".
+
2021-02-13 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
* io.c (nextfile): Use the value of ARGC directly in the for
@@ -148,6 +154,19 @@
2020-11-02 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+ Make gawk numeric comparisons act like C doubles.
+ MPFR differs from doubles w.r.t. NaN, not sure why yet.
+
+ * awk.h (scalar_cmp_t): New enum.
+ * builtin.c (format_nan_inf): Use mpfr_signbit, not mpfr_sgn.
+ * eval.c (cmp_doubles): New routine.
+ (cmp_scalars): Change type to bool, rework logic.
+ * interpret.h (r_interpret): Rework scalar comparisons.
+ * mpfr.c (mpg_cmp_as_numbers): New routine.
+ * node.c: Use <math.h>, not "math.h", minor comment edits.
+
+2020-11-02 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
* re.c (make_regexp): Cast len parameter to int to avoid
compiler warnings.
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index d5a52786..736f2e4b 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -4,6 +4,17 @@
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.
+Changes from 5.1.x to 5.2.0
+---------------------------
+
+1. Numeric scalars now compare in the same way as C for the relational
+operators. Comparison order for sorting has not changed. This only
+makes a difference when comparing Infinity and NaN values with
+regular numbers; it should not be noticeable most of the time.
+
+2. If the AWK_HASH environment variable is set to "fnv1a" gawk will
+use the FNV1-A hash function for associative arrays.
+
Changes from 5.1.0 to 5.1.1
---------------------------
diff --git a/awk.h b/awk.h
index 2ab25bfd..c9eec663 100644
--- a/awk.h
+++ b/awk.h
@@ -1576,6 +1576,15 @@ typedef enum {
extern field_sep_type current_field_sep(void);
extern const char *current_field_sep_str(void);
+typedef enum {
+ SCALAR_EQ,
+ SCALAR_NEQ,
+ SCALAR_LT,
+ SCALAR_LE,
+ SCALAR_GT,
+ SCALAR_GE,
+} scalar_cmp_t;
+
/* gawkapi.c: */
extern gawk_api_t api_impl;
extern void init_ext_api(void);
diff --git a/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.awk b/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.awk
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea6269c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+function eq(left, right)
+{
+ return left == right
+}
+
+function ne(left, right)
+{
+ return left != right
+}
+
+function lt(left, right)
+{
+ return left < right
+}
+
+function le(left, right)
+{
+ return left <= right
+}
+
+function gt(left, right)
+{
+ return left > right
+}
+
+function ge(left, right)
+{
+ return left >= right
+}
+
+BEGIN {
+ nan = sqrt(-1)
+ inf = -log(0)
+ split("== != < <= > >=", names)
+ names[3] = names[3] " "
+ names[5] = names[5] " "
+ split("eq ne lt le gt ge", funcs)
+
+ compare[1] = 2.0
+ compare[2] = values[1] = -sqrt(-1.0) # nan
+ compare[3] = values[2] = sqrt(-1.0) # -nan
+ compare[4] = values[3] = -log(0.0) # inf
+ compare[5] = values[4] = log(0.0) # -inf
+
+ for (i = 1; i in values; i++) {
+ for (j = 1; j in compare; j++) {
+ for (k = 1; k in names; k++) {
+ the_func = funcs[k]
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n",
+ values[i],
+ names[k],
+ compare[j],
+ @the_func(values[i], compare[j]) ?
+ "True" : "False");
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.c b/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba3a0d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.c
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#define def_func(name, op) \
+ bool name(double left, double right) { \
+ return left op right; \
+ }
+
+def_func(eq, ==)
+def_func(ne, !=)
+def_func(lt, <)
+def_func(le, <=)
+def_func(gt, >)
+def_func(ge, >=)
+
+struct {
+ const char *name;
+ bool (*func)(double left, double right);
+} functions[] = {
+ { "==", eq },
+ { "!=", ne },
+ { "< ", lt },
+ { "<=", le },
+ { "> ", gt },
+ { ">=", ge },
+ { 0, 0 }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+ double values[] = {
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ };
+ double compare[] = { 2.0,
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ };
+
+ int i, j, k;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+ for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
+ for (k = 0; functions[k].name != NULL; k++) {
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n", values[i],
+ functions[k].name,
+ compare[j],
+ functions[k].func(values[i], compare[j]) ? "True" : "False");
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.py b/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8631b817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/awklib/eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from math import *
+
+nan = float('NaN')
+inf = float('Inf')
+
+def eq(left, right):
+ return left == right
+
+def ne(left, right):
+ return left != right
+
+def lt(left, right):
+ return left < right
+
+def le(left, right):
+ return left <= right
+
+def gt(left, right):
+ return left > right
+
+def ge(left, right):
+ return left >= right
+
+func_map = {
+ "==": eq,
+ "!=": ne,
+ "< ": lt,
+ "<=": le,
+ "> ": gt,
+ ">=": ge,
+}
+
+compare = [2.0, nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+values = [nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+
+for i in range(len(values)):
+ for j in range(len(compare)):
+ for op in func_map:
+ print("%g %s %g -> %s" %
+ (values[i], op, compare[j], func_map[op](values[i], compare[j])))
+
+ print("")
diff --git a/builtin.c b/builtin.c
index e28c35ef..1b612f4a 100644
--- a/builtin.c
+++ b/builtin.c
@@ -4277,7 +4277,7 @@ format_nan_inf(NODE *n, char format)
goto fmt;
} else if (mpfr_inf_p(n->mpg_numbr)) {
- strcpy(buf, mpfr_sgn(n->mpg_numbr) < 0 ? "-inf" : "+inf");
+ strcpy(buf, mpfr_signbit(n->mpg_numbr) ? "-inf" : "+inf");
goto fmt;
} else
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index a4a4b275..8e311ec8 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -9,10 +9,22 @@
<arkadiusz@drabczyk.org> for pointing out the lack of
documentation.
+2021-03-21 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in (Other Environment Variables): Document "fnv1a"
+ possible value for AWK_HASH environment variable.
+
2021-03-18 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
* texinfo.tex: Updated from GNULIB.
+2021-02-01 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in (Strange values): Fix a typo in the awk test
+ program. Make the C and Awk versions print "True" and
+ "False" to match Python, making comparisons easier. Thanks to
+ Antonio Columbo for the suggestions.
+
2021-01-25 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
* gawktexi.in: Fix some spelling errors.
@@ -83,12 +95,39 @@
* gawkworkflow.texi: Add an additional web resource.
* gawktexi.in: More edits in sample programs chapter.
+2020-11-20 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in (Strange values): Correct the description of what
+ happens with infinity. Thanks to Antonio Columbo for pointing
+ out the problem.
+
2020-11-16 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
* gawktexi.in (Nextfile Statement): Clarify what happens in
a BEGINFILE rule.
* gawktexi.in: Additional small fixes.
+2020-11-15 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in (Strange values): Add test programs inside
+ @ignore; extracted to example directory.
+
+2020-11-09 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Samll improvement in strange numbers section.
+
+2020-11-04 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in (Strange values): New section on NaN and infinity.
+ Update some other bits to point to it.
+ * wordlist: Updated with more words.
+
+2020-11-16 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in (Nextfile Statement): Clarify what happens in
+ a BEGINFILE rule.
+>>>>>>> master
+
2020-10-31 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
* texinfo.tex: Updated from GNULIB.
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 87f7901c..f5f417a6 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -551,6 +551,7 @@ in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
* Inexact representation:: Numbers are not exactly represented.
* Comparing FP Values:: How to compare floating point values.
* Errors accumulate:: Errors get bigger as they go.
+* Strange values:: A few words about infinities and NaNs.
* Getting Accuracy:: Getting more accuracy takes some work.
* Try To Round:: Add digits and round.
* Setting precision:: How to set the precision.
@@ -3219,7 +3220,9 @@ change. The variables are:
'AWK_HASH'
If this variable exists with a value of 'gst', 'gawk' switches to
using the hash function from GNU Smalltalk for managing arrays.
- This function may be marginally faster than the standard function.
+ With a value of 'fnv1a', 'gawk' uses the FNV1-A hash function
+ (http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html). These
+ functions may be marginally faster than the standard function.
'AWKREADFUNC'
If this variable exists, 'gawk' switches to reading source files
@@ -6970,8 +6973,8 @@ width. Here is a list of the format-control letters:
On systems supporting IEEE 754 floating-point format, values
representing negative infinity are formatted as '-inf' or
'-infinity', and positive infinity as 'inf' or 'infinity'. The
- special "not a number" value formats as '-nan' or 'nan' (*note Math
- Definitions::).
+ special "not a number" value formats as '-nan' or 'nan' (*note
+ Strange values::).
'%F'
Like '%f', but the infinity and "not a number" values are spelled
@@ -12863,7 +12866,7 @@ brackets ([ ]):
'log(X)'
Return the natural logarithm of X, if X is positive; otherwise,
- return 'NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally,
+ return NaN ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally,
'gawk' prints a warning message when 'x' is negative.
'rand()'
@@ -24246,18 +24249,10 @@ material here:
another number and infinity produce infinity.
"NaN"
- "Not a number."(1) A special value that results from attempting a
- calculation that has no answer as a real number. In such a case,
- programs can either receive a floating-point exception, or get
- 'NaN' back as the result. The IEEE 754 standard recommends that
- systems return 'NaN'. Some examples:
-
- 'sqrt(-1)'
- This makes sense in the range of complex numbers, but not in
- the range of real numbers, so the result is 'NaN'.
-
- 'log(-8)'
- -8 is out of the domain of 'log()', so the result is 'NaN'.
+ "Not a number." A special value that results from attempting a
+ calculation that has no answer as a real number. *Note Strange
+ values::, for more information about infinity and not-a-number
+ values.
"Normalized"
How the significand (see later in this list) is usually stored.
@@ -24316,11 +24311,6 @@ Table 16.3: Basic IEEE format values
NOTE: The precision numbers include the implied leading one that
gives them one extra bit of significand.
- ---------- Footnotes ----------
-
- (1) Thanks to Michael Brennan for this description, which we have
-paraphrased, and for the examples.
-

File: gawk.info, Node: MPFR features, Next: FP Math Caution, Prev: Math Definitions, Up: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic
@@ -24413,6 +24403,7 @@ be sure of the number of significant decimal places in the final result.
* Inexact representation:: Numbers are not exactly represented.
* Comparing FP Values:: How to compare floating point values.
* Errors accumulate:: Errors get bigger as they go.
+* Strange values:: A few words about infinities and NaNs.

File: gawk.info, Node: Inexact representation, Next: Comparing FP Values, Up: Inexactness of computations
@@ -24477,7 +24468,7 @@ values with a delta, you should be sure to use 'difference < abs(delta)'
in case someone passes in a negative delta value.

-File: gawk.info, Node: Errors accumulate, Prev: Comparing FP Values, Up: Inexactness of computations
+File: gawk.info, Node: Errors accumulate, Next: Strange values, Prev: Comparing FP Values, Up: Inexactness of computations
16.4.1.3 Errors Accumulate
..........................
@@ -24525,6 +24516,64 @@ representations yield an unexpected result:
-| 4

+File: gawk.info, Node: Strange values, Prev: Errors accumulate, Up: Inexactness of computations
+
+16.4.1.4 Floating Point Values They Didn't Talk About In School
+...............................................................
+
+Both IEEE 754 floating-point hardware, and MPFR, support two kinds of
+values that you probably didn't learn about in school. The first is
+"infinity", a special value, that can be either negative or positive,
+and which is either smaller than any other value (negative infinity), or
+larger than any other value (positive infinity). When such values are
+generated, 'gawk' prints them as either '-inf' or '+inf', respectively.
+It accepts those strings as data input and converts them to the proper
+floating-point values internally.
+
+ Infinity values of the same sign compare as equal to each other.
+Otherwise, operations (addition, subtraction, etc.) involving another
+number and infinity produce mathematically reasonable results.
+
+ The second kind of value is "not a number", or NaN for short.(1)
+This is a special value that results from attempting a calculation that
+has no answer as a real number. In such a case, programs can either
+receive a floating-point exception, or get NaN back as the result. The
+IEEE 754 standard recommends that systems return NaN. Some examples:
+
+'sqrt(-1)'
+ This makes sense in the range of complex numbers, but not in the
+ range of real numbers, so the result is NaN.
+
+'log(-8)'
+ -8 is out of the domain of 'log()', so the result is NaN.
+
+ NaN values are strange. In particular, they cannot be compared with
+other floating point values; any such comparison, except for "is not
+equal to", returns false. NaN values are so much unequal to other
+values that even comparing two identical NaN values with '!=' returns
+true!
+
+ NaN values can also be signed, although it depends upon the
+implementation as to which sign you get for any operation that returns a
+NaN. For example, on some systems, 'sqrt(-1)' returns a negative NaN. On
+others, it returns a positive NaN.
+
+ When such values are generated, 'gawk' prints them as either '-nan'
+or '+nan', respectively. Here too, 'gawk' accepts those strings as data
+input and converts them to the proper floating-point values internally.
+
+ If you want to dive more deeply into this topic, you can find test
+programs in C, 'awk' and Python in the directory
+'awklib/eg/test-programs' in the 'gawk' distribution. These programs
+enable comparison among programming languages as to how they handle NaN
+and infinity values.
+
+ ---------- Footnotes ----------
+
+ (1) Thanks to Michael Brennan for this description, which we have
+paraphrased, and for the examples.
+
+
File: gawk.info, Node: Getting Accuracy, Next: Try To Round, Prev: Inexactness of computations, Up: FP Math Caution
16.4.2 Getting the Accuracy You Need
@@ -38067,603 +38116,604 @@ Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top1200
-Node: Foreword344780
-Node: Foreword449222
-Node: Preface50754
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-153613
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-253722
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-353956
-Node: History54098
-Node: Names56450
-Ref: Names-Footnote-157554
-Node: This Manual57701
-Ref: This Manual-Footnote-164340
-Node: Conventions64440
-Node: Manual History66809
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169806
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269847
-Node: How To Contribute69921
-Node: Acknowledgments70847
-Node: Getting Started75784
-Node: Running gawk78223
-Node: One-shot79413
-Node: Read Terminal80676
-Node: Long82669
-Node: Executable Scripts84182
-Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186815
-Node: Comments86918
-Node: Quoting89402
-Node: DOS Quoting94928
-Node: Sample Data Files96984
-Node: Very Simple99579
-Node: Two Rules105681
-Node: More Complex107566
-Node: Statements/Lines109898
-Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1114382
-Node: Other Features114647
-Node: When115583
-Ref: When-Footnote-1117337
-Node: Intro Summary117402
-Node: Invoking Gawk118286
-Node: Command Line119800
-Node: Options120598
-Ref: Options-Footnote-1138512
-Ref: Options-Footnote-2138743
-Node: Other Arguments138768
-Node: Naming Standard Input142779
-Node: Environment Variables143989
-Node: AWKPATH Variable144547
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1147959
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2147993
-Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable148364
-Ref: AWKLIBPATH Variable-Footnote-1150061
-Node: Other Environment Variables150436
-Node: Exit Status154257
-Node: Include Files154934
-Node: Loading Shared Libraries158624
-Node: Obsolete160052
-Node: Undocumented160744
-Node: Invoking Summary161041
-Node: Regexp163882
-Node: Regexp Usage165336
-Node: Escape Sequences167373
-Node: Regexp Operators173614
-Node: Regexp Operator Details174099
-Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1181463
-Node: Interval Expressions181610
-Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1183031
-Node: Bracket Expressions183129
-Ref: table-char-classes185605
-Node: Leftmost Longest188931
-Node: Computed Regexps190234
-Node: GNU Regexp Operators193661
-Node: Case-sensitivity197398
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1200264
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2200499
-Node: Regexp Summary200607
-Node: Reading Files202073
-Node: Records204342
-Node: awk split records205417
-Node: gawk split records210117
-Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1215191
-Node: Fields215228
-Node: Nonconstant Fields217969
-Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1220205
-Node: Changing Fields220409
-Node: Field Separators226440
-Node: Default Field Splitting229138
-Node: Regexp Field Splitting230256
-Node: Single Character Fields233933
-Node: Command Line Field Separator234993
-Node: Full Line Fields238211
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1239733
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2239779
-Node: Field Splitting Summary239880
-Node: Constant Size241954
-Node: Fixed width data242686
-Node: Skipping intervening246153
-Node: Allowing trailing data246951
-Node: Fields with fixed data247988
-Node: Splitting By Content249506
-Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1253289
-Node: More CSV253452
-Node: Testing field creation255044
-Node: Multiple Line256669
-Node: Getline262946
-Node: Plain Getline265415
-Node: Getline/Variable267988
-Node: Getline/File269139
-Node: Getline/Variable/File270527
-Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1272132
-Node: Getline/Pipe272220
-Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe274924
-Node: Getline/Coprocess276059
-Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess277326
-Node: Getline Notes278068
-Node: Getline Summary280865
-Ref: table-getline-variants281289
-Node: Read Timeout282037
-Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1285943
-Node: Retrying Input286001
-Node: Command-line directories287200
-Node: Input Summary288106
-Node: Input Exercises291278
-Node: Printing291712
-Node: Print293546
-Node: Print Examples295003
-Node: Output Separators297783
-Node: OFMT299800
-Node: Printf301156
-Node: Basic Printf301941
-Node: Control Letters303515
-Node: Format Modifiers308679
-Node: Printf Examples314694
-Node: Redirection317180
-Node: Special FD324021
-Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1327189
-Node: Special Files327263
-Node: Other Inherited Files327880
-Node: Special Network328881
-Node: Special Caveats329741
-Node: Close Files And Pipes330690
-Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values337597
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1338410
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2338558
-Node: Nonfatal338710
-Node: Output Summary341048
-Node: Output Exercises342270
-Node: Expressions342949
-Node: Values344137
-Node: Constants344815
-Node: Scalar Constants345506
-Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1348016
-Node: Nondecimal-numbers348266
-Node: Regexp Constants351267
-Node: Using Constant Regexps351793
-Node: Standard Regexp Constants352415
-Node: Strong Regexp Constants355603
-Node: Variables358615
-Node: Using Variables359272
-Node: Assignment Options361182
-Node: Conversion363653
-Node: Strings And Numbers364177
-Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1367240
-Node: Locale influences conversions367349
-Ref: table-locale-affects370107
-Node: All Operators370725
-Node: Arithmetic Ops371354
-Node: Concatenation374070
-Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1376917
-Node: Assignment Ops377024
-Ref: table-assign-ops382015
-Node: Increment Ops383328
-Node: Truth Values and Conditions386788
-Node: Truth Values387862
-Node: Typing and Comparison388910
-Node: Variable Typing389730
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1396193
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2396265
-Node: Comparison Operators396342
-Ref: table-relational-ops396761
-Node: POSIX String Comparison400256
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1401951
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2402090
-Node: Boolean Ops402174
-Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1406656
-Node: Conditional Exp406748
-Node: Function Calls408484
-Node: Precedence412361
-Node: Locales416020
-Node: Expressions Summary417652
-Node: Patterns and Actions420225
-Node: Pattern Overview421345
-Node: Regexp Patterns423022
-Node: Expression Patterns423564
-Node: Ranges427345
-Node: BEGIN/END430453
-Node: Using BEGIN/END431214
-Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1433968
-Node: I/O And BEGIN/END434074
-Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE436387
-Node: Empty439618
-Node: Using Shell Variables439935
-Node: Action Overview442209
-Node: Statements444534
-Node: If Statement446382
-Node: While Statement447877
-Node: Do Statement449905
-Node: For Statement451053
-Node: Switch Statement454224
-Node: Break Statement456665
-Node: Continue Statement458757
-Node: Next Statement460584
-Node: Nextfile Statement462967
-Node: Exit Statement465656
-Node: Built-in Variables468059
-Node: User-modified469192
-Node: Auto-set476959
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1493766
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2493972
-Node: ARGC and ARGV494028
-Node: Pattern Action Summary498241
-Node: Arrays500671
-Node: Array Basics502000
-Node: Array Intro502844
-Ref: figure-array-elements504819
-Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1507523
-Node: Reference to Elements507651
-Node: Assigning Elements510115
-Node: Array Example510606
-Node: Scanning an Array512365
-Node: Controlling Scanning515387
-Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1521843
-Node: Numeric Array Subscripts522159
-Node: Uninitialized Subscripts524343
-Node: Delete525962
-Ref: Delete-Footnote-1528714
-Node: Multidimensional528771
-Node: Multiscanning531866
-Node: Arrays of Arrays533457
-Node: Arrays Summary538225
-Node: Functions540318
-Node: Built-in541356
-Node: Calling Built-in542437
-Node: Numeric Functions544433
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1548461
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2549109
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3549157
-Node: String Functions549429
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1573570
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2573698
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3573946
-Node: Gory Details574033
-Ref: table-sub-escapes575824
-Ref: table-sub-proposed577343
-Ref: table-posix-sub578706
-Ref: table-gensub-escapes580247
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1581070
-Node: I/O Functions581224
-Ref: table-system-return-values587678
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1589758
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2589906
-Node: Time Functions590026
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1600697
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2600765
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3600923
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4601034
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5601146
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6601373
-Node: Bitwise Functions601639
-Ref: table-bitwise-ops602233
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1608296
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2608469
-Node: Type Functions608660
-Node: I18N Functions611523
-Node: User-defined613174
-Node: Definition Syntax613986
-Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1619680
-Node: Function Example619751
-Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1622673
-Node: Function Calling622695
-Node: Calling A Function623283
-Node: Variable Scope624241
-Node: Pass By Value/Reference627235
-Node: Function Caveats629879
-Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1631926
-Node: Return Statement632046
-Node: Dynamic Typing635025
-Node: Indirect Calls635955
-Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1646207
-Node: Functions Summary646335
-Node: Library Functions649040
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1652647
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2652790
-Node: Library Names652961
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1656628
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2656851
-Node: General Functions656937
-Node: Strtonum Function658040
-Node: Assert Function661062
-Node: Round Function664388
-Node: Cliff Random Function665928
-Node: Ordinal Functions666944
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1670007
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2670259
-Node: Join Function670469
-Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1672239
-Node: Getlocaltime Function672439
-Node: Readfile Function676181
-Node: Shell Quoting678158
-Node: Data File Management679559
-Node: Filetrans Function680191
-Node: Rewind Function684287
-Node: File Checking686196
-Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1687530
-Node: Empty Files687731
-Node: Ignoring Assigns689710
-Node: Getopt Function691260
-Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1706471
-Node: Passwd Functions706671
-Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1715510
-Node: Group Functions715598
-Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1723496
-Node: Walking Arrays723703
-Node: Library Functions Summary726711
-Node: Library Exercises728117
-Node: Sample Programs728582
-Node: Running Examples729352
-Node: Clones730080
-Node: Cut Program731304
-Node: Egrep Program741444
-Node: Id Program750445
-Node: Split Program760392
-Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1770282
-Node: Tee Program770455
-Node: Uniq Program773245
-Node: Wc Program780833
-Node: Bytes vs. Characters781220
-Node: Using extensions782768
-Node: wc program783522
-Node: Miscellaneous Programs788387
-Node: Dupword Program789600
-Node: Alarm Program791630
-Node: Translate Program796485
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1801050
-Node: Labels Program801320
-Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1804671
-Node: Word Sorting804755
-Node: History Sorting808827
-Node: Extract Program811052
-Node: Simple Sed819106
-Node: Igawk Program822180
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1836511
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2836713
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3836835
-Node: Anagram Program836950
-Node: Signature Program840012
-Node: Programs Summary841259
-Node: Programs Exercises842473
-Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1846603
-Node: Advanced Features846689
-Node: Nondecimal Data848756
-Node: Array Sorting850347
-Node: Controlling Array Traversal851047
-Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1859415
-Node: Array Sorting Functions859533
-Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1864624
-Node: Two-way I/O864820
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1872541
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2872728
-Node: TCP/IP Networking872810
-Node: Profiling875928
-Node: Extension Philosophy885237
-Node: Advanced Features Summary886716
-Node: Internationalization888731
-Node: I18N and L10N890211
-Node: Explaining gettext890898
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1896790
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2896975
-Node: Programmer i18n897140
-Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1902089
-Node: Translator i18n902138
-Node: String Extraction902932
-Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1904064
-Node: Printf Ordering904150
-Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1906936
-Node: I18N Portability907000
-Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1909456
-Node: I18N Example909519
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1912794
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2912867
-Node: Gawk I18N912976
-Node: I18N Summary913625
-Node: Debugger914966
-Node: Debugging915966
-Node: Debugging Concepts916407
-Node: Debugging Terms918216
-Node: Awk Debugging920791
-Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1921736
-Node: Sample Debugging Session921868
-Node: Debugger Invocation922402
-Node: Finding The Bug923788
-Node: List of Debugger Commands930262
-Node: Breakpoint Control931595
-Node: Debugger Execution Control935289
-Node: Viewing And Changing Data938651
-Node: Execution Stack942192
-Node: Debugger Info943829
-Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands947900
-Node: Readline Support952962
-Node: Limitations953858
-Node: Debugging Summary956412
-Node: Namespaces957691
-Node: Global Namespace958802
-Node: Qualified Names960200
-Node: Default Namespace961199
-Node: Changing The Namespace961940
-Node: Naming Rules963554
-Node: Internal Name Management965402
-Node: Namespace Example966444
-Node: Namespace And Features969006
-Node: Namespace Summary970441
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic971918
-Node: Computer Arithmetic973405
-Ref: table-numeric-ranges977171
-Ref: table-floating-point-ranges977664
-Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1978322
-Node: Math Definitions978379
-Ref: table-ieee-formats981695
-Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1982298
-Node: MPFR features982403
-Node: FP Math Caution984121
-Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1985193
-Node: Inexactness of computations985562
-Node: Inexact representation986522
-Node: Comparing FP Values987882
-Node: Errors accumulate989123
-Node: Getting Accuracy990556
-Node: Try To Round993266
-Node: Setting precision994165
-Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings994862
-Node: Setting the rounding mode996692
-Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes997066
-Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-11000997
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers1001176
-Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-11004351
-Node: Checking for MPFR1004500
-Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems1005974
-Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-11010259
-Node: Floating point summary1010297
-Node: Dynamic Extensions1012487
-Node: Extension Intro1014040
-Node: Plugin License1015306
-Node: Extension Mechanism Outline1016103
-Ref: figure-load-extension1016542
-Ref: figure-register-new-function1018107
-Ref: figure-call-new-function1019199
-Node: Extension API Description1021261
-Node: Extension API Functions Introduction1022974
-Ref: table-api-std-headers1024810
-Node: General Data Types1029059
-Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11037689
-Node: Memory Allocation Functions1037988
-Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11042489
-Node: Constructor Functions1042588
-Node: API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values1046054
-Node: Registration Functions1047367
-Node: Extension Functions1048067
-Node: Exit Callback Functions1053389
-Node: Extension Version String1054639
-Node: Input Parsers1055302
-Node: Output Wrappers1068023
-Node: Two-way processors1072535
-Node: Printing Messages1074800
-Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11075971
-Node: Updating ERRNO1076124
-Node: Requesting Values1076863
-Ref: table-value-types-returned1077600
-Node: Accessing Parameters1078536
-Node: Symbol Table Access1079773
-Node: Symbol table by name1080285
-Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11083309
-Node: Symbol table by cookie1083437
-Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11087622
-Node: Cached values1087686
-Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11091222
-Node: Array Manipulation1091375
-Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11092466
-Node: Array Data Types1092503
-Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11095161
-Node: Array Functions1095253
-Node: Flattening Arrays1099751
-Node: Creating Arrays1106727
-Node: Redirection API1111494
-Node: Extension API Variables1114327
-Node: Extension Versioning1115038
-Ref: gawk-api-version1115467
-Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1117198
-Node: Extension API Informational Variables1118826
-Node: Extension API Boilerplate1119899
-Node: Changes from API V11123873
-Node: Finding Extensions1125445
-Node: Extension Example1126004
-Node: Internal File Description1126802
-Node: Internal File Ops1130882
-Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11142232
-Node: Using Internal File Ops1142372
-Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11144755
-Node: Extension Samples1145029
-Node: Extension Sample File Functions1146558
-Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1154207
-Node: Extension Sample Fork1155694
-Node: Extension Sample Inplace1156912
-Node: Extension Sample Ord1160538
-Node: Extension Sample Readdir1161374
-Ref: table-readdir-file-types1162263
-Node: Extension Sample Revout1163330
-Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1163919
-Node: Extension Sample Read write array1164659
-Node: Extension Sample Readfile1166601
-Node: Extension Sample Time1167696
-Node: Extension Sample API Tests1169448
-Node: gawkextlib1169940
-Node: Extension summary1172858
-Node: Extension Exercises1176560
-Node: Language History1177802
-Node: V7/SVR3.11179458
-Node: SVR41181610
-Node: POSIX1183044
-Node: BTL1184425
-Node: POSIX/GNU1185154
-Node: Feature History1190932
-Node: Common Extensions1207251
-Node: Ranges and Locales1208534
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11213150
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21213177
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31213412
-Node: Contributors1213635
-Node: History summary1219632
-Node: Installation1221012
-Node: Gawk Distribution1221956
-Node: Getting1222440
-Node: Extracting1223403
-Node: Distribution contents1225041
-Node: Unix Installation1231521
-Node: Quick Installation1232203
-Node: Shell Startup Files1234617
-Node: Additional Configuration Options1235706
-Node: Configuration Philosophy1238021
-Node: Non-Unix Installation1240390
-Node: PC Installation1240850
-Node: PC Binary Installation1241688
-Node: PC Compiling1242123
-Node: PC Using1243240
-Node: Cygwin1246793
-Node: MSYS1248017
-Node: VMS Installation1248619
-Node: VMS Compilation1249410
-Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11250639
-Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1250697
-Node: VMS Installation Details1252382
-Node: VMS Running1254635
-Node: VMS GNV1258914
-Node: VMS Old Gawk1259649
-Node: Bugs1260120
-Node: Bug address1260783
-Node: Usenet1263765
-Node: Maintainers1264769
-Node: Other Versions1265954
-Node: Installation summary1273819
-Node: Notes1275028
-Node: Compatibility Mode1275822
-Node: Additions1276604
-Node: Accessing The Source1277529
-Node: Adding Code1278966
-Node: New Ports1285185
-Node: Derived Files1289560
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11295220
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21295255
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31295853
-Node: Future Extensions1295967
-Node: Implementation Limitations1296625
-Node: Extension Design1297835
-Node: Old Extension Problems1298979
-Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11300497
-Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1300554
-Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11303918
-Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1304107
-Node: Extension Future Growth1306220
-Node: Notes summary1306826
-Node: Basic Concepts1307984
-Node: Basic High Level1308665
-Ref: figure-general-flow1308947
-Ref: figure-process-flow1309632
-Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11312933
-Node: Basic Data Typing1313118
-Node: Glossary1316446
-Node: Copying1348331
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License1385874
-Node: Index1410994
+Node: Foreword344859
+Node: Foreword449301
+Node: Preface50833
+Ref: Preface-Footnote-153692
+Ref: Preface-Footnote-253801
+Ref: Preface-Footnote-354035
+Node: History54177
+Node: Names56529
+Ref: Names-Footnote-157633
+Node: This Manual57780
+Ref: This Manual-Footnote-164419
+Node: Conventions64519
+Node: Manual History66888
+Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169885
+Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269926
+Node: How To Contribute70000
+Node: Acknowledgments70926
+Node: Getting Started75863
+Node: Running gawk78302
+Node: One-shot79492
+Node: Read Terminal80755
+Node: Long82748
+Node: Executable Scripts84261
+Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186894
+Node: Comments86997
+Node: Quoting89481
+Node: DOS Quoting95007
+Node: Sample Data Files97063
+Node: Very Simple99658
+Node: Two Rules105760
+Node: More Complex107645
+Node: Statements/Lines109977
+Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1114461
+Node: Other Features114726
+Node: When115662
+Ref: When-Footnote-1117416
+Node: Intro Summary117481
+Node: Invoking Gawk118365
+Node: Command Line119879
+Node: Options120677
+Ref: Options-Footnote-1138591
+Ref: Options-Footnote-2138822
+Node: Other Arguments138847
+Node: Naming Standard Input142858
+Node: Environment Variables144068
+Node: AWKPATH Variable144626
+Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1148038
+Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2148072
+Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable148443
+Ref: AWKLIBPATH Variable-Footnote-1150140
+Node: Other Environment Variables150515
+Node: Exit Status154467
+Node: Include Files155144
+Node: Loading Shared Libraries158834
+Node: Obsolete160262
+Node: Undocumented160954
+Node: Invoking Summary161251
+Node: Regexp164092
+Node: Regexp Usage165546
+Node: Escape Sequences167583
+Node: Regexp Operators173824
+Node: Regexp Operator Details174309
+Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1181673
+Node: Interval Expressions181820
+Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1183241
+Node: Bracket Expressions183339
+Ref: table-char-classes185815
+Node: Leftmost Longest189141
+Node: Computed Regexps190444
+Node: GNU Regexp Operators193871
+Node: Case-sensitivity197608
+Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1200474
+Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2200709
+Node: Regexp Summary200817
+Node: Reading Files202283
+Node: Records204552
+Node: awk split records205627
+Node: gawk split records210327
+Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1215401
+Node: Fields215438
+Node: Nonconstant Fields218179
+Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1220415
+Node: Changing Fields220619
+Node: Field Separators226650
+Node: Default Field Splitting229348
+Node: Regexp Field Splitting230466
+Node: Single Character Fields234143
+Node: Command Line Field Separator235203
+Node: Full Line Fields238421
+Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1239943
+Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2239989
+Node: Field Splitting Summary240090
+Node: Constant Size242164
+Node: Fixed width data242896
+Node: Skipping intervening246363
+Node: Allowing trailing data247161
+Node: Fields with fixed data248198
+Node: Splitting By Content249716
+Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1253499
+Node: More CSV253662
+Node: Testing field creation255254
+Node: Multiple Line256879
+Node: Getline263156
+Node: Plain Getline265625
+Node: Getline/Variable268198
+Node: Getline/File269349
+Node: Getline/Variable/File270737
+Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1272342
+Node: Getline/Pipe272430
+Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe275134
+Node: Getline/Coprocess276269
+Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess277536
+Node: Getline Notes278278
+Node: Getline Summary281075
+Ref: table-getline-variants281499
+Node: Read Timeout282247
+Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1286153
+Node: Retrying Input286211
+Node: Command-line directories287410
+Node: Input Summary288316
+Node: Input Exercises291488
+Node: Printing291922
+Node: Print293756
+Node: Print Examples295213
+Node: Output Separators297993
+Node: OFMT300010
+Node: Printf301366
+Node: Basic Printf302151
+Node: Control Letters303725
+Node: Format Modifiers308887
+Node: Printf Examples314902
+Node: Redirection317388
+Node: Special FD324229
+Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1327397
+Node: Special Files327471
+Node: Other Inherited Files328088
+Node: Special Network329089
+Node: Special Caveats329949
+Node: Close Files And Pipes330898
+Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values337805
+Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1338618
+Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2338766
+Node: Nonfatal338918
+Node: Output Summary341256
+Node: Output Exercises342478
+Node: Expressions343157
+Node: Values344345
+Node: Constants345023
+Node: Scalar Constants345714
+Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1348224
+Node: Nondecimal-numbers348474
+Node: Regexp Constants351475
+Node: Using Constant Regexps352001
+Node: Standard Regexp Constants352623
+Node: Strong Regexp Constants355811
+Node: Variables358823
+Node: Using Variables359480
+Node: Assignment Options361390
+Node: Conversion363861
+Node: Strings And Numbers364385
+Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1367448
+Node: Locale influences conversions367557
+Ref: table-locale-affects370315
+Node: All Operators370933
+Node: Arithmetic Ops371562
+Node: Concatenation374278
+Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1377125
+Node: Assignment Ops377232
+Ref: table-assign-ops382223
+Node: Increment Ops383536
+Node: Truth Values and Conditions386996
+Node: Truth Values388070
+Node: Typing and Comparison389118
+Node: Variable Typing389938
+Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1396401
+Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2396473
+Node: Comparison Operators396550
+Ref: table-relational-ops396969
+Node: POSIX String Comparison400464
+Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1402159
+Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2402298
+Node: Boolean Ops402382
+Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1406864
+Node: Conditional Exp406956
+Node: Function Calls408692
+Node: Precedence412569
+Node: Locales416228
+Node: Expressions Summary417860
+Node: Patterns and Actions420433
+Node: Pattern Overview421553
+Node: Regexp Patterns423230
+Node: Expression Patterns423772
+Node: Ranges427553
+Node: BEGIN/END430661
+Node: Using BEGIN/END431422
+Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1434176
+Node: I/O And BEGIN/END434282
+Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE436595
+Node: Empty439826
+Node: Using Shell Variables440143
+Node: Action Overview442417
+Node: Statements444742
+Node: If Statement446590
+Node: While Statement448085
+Node: Do Statement450113
+Node: For Statement451261
+Node: Switch Statement454432
+Node: Break Statement456873
+Node: Continue Statement458965
+Node: Next Statement460792
+Node: Nextfile Statement463175
+Node: Exit Statement465864
+Node: Built-in Variables468267
+Node: User-modified469400
+Node: Auto-set477167
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1493974
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2494180
+Node: ARGC and ARGV494236
+Node: Pattern Action Summary498449
+Node: Arrays500879
+Node: Array Basics502208
+Node: Array Intro503052
+Ref: figure-array-elements505027
+Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1507731
+Node: Reference to Elements507859
+Node: Assigning Elements510323
+Node: Array Example510814
+Node: Scanning an Array512573
+Node: Controlling Scanning515595
+Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1522051
+Node: Numeric Array Subscripts522367
+Node: Uninitialized Subscripts524551
+Node: Delete526170
+Ref: Delete-Footnote-1528922
+Node: Multidimensional528979
+Node: Multiscanning532074
+Node: Arrays of Arrays533665
+Node: Arrays Summary538433
+Node: Functions540526
+Node: Built-in541564
+Node: Calling Built-in542645
+Node: Numeric Functions544641
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1548667
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2549315
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3549363
+Node: String Functions549635
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1573776
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2573904
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3574152
+Node: Gory Details574239
+Ref: table-sub-escapes576030
+Ref: table-sub-proposed577549
+Ref: table-posix-sub578912
+Ref: table-gensub-escapes580453
+Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1581276
+Node: I/O Functions581430
+Ref: table-system-return-values587884
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1589964
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2590112
+Node: Time Functions590232
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1600903
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2600971
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3601129
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4601240
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5601352
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6601579
+Node: Bitwise Functions601845
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops602439
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1608502
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2608675
+Node: Type Functions608866
+Node: I18N Functions611729
+Node: User-defined613380
+Node: Definition Syntax614192
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1619886
+Node: Function Example619957
+Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1622879
+Node: Function Calling622901
+Node: Calling A Function623489
+Node: Variable Scope624447
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference627441
+Node: Function Caveats630085
+Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1632132
+Node: Return Statement632252
+Node: Dynamic Typing635231
+Node: Indirect Calls636161
+Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1646413
+Node: Functions Summary646541
+Node: Library Functions649246
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1652853
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2652996
+Node: Library Names653167
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1656834
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2657057
+Node: General Functions657143
+Node: Strtonum Function658246
+Node: Assert Function661268
+Node: Round Function664594
+Node: Cliff Random Function666134
+Node: Ordinal Functions667150
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1670213
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2670465
+Node: Join Function670675
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1672445
+Node: Getlocaltime Function672645
+Node: Readfile Function676387
+Node: Shell Quoting678364
+Node: Data File Management679765
+Node: Filetrans Function680397
+Node: Rewind Function684493
+Node: File Checking686402
+Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1687736
+Node: Empty Files687937
+Node: Ignoring Assigns689916
+Node: Getopt Function691466
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1706677
+Node: Passwd Functions706877
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1715716
+Node: Group Functions715804
+Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1723702
+Node: Walking Arrays723909
+Node: Library Functions Summary726917
+Node: Library Exercises728323
+Node: Sample Programs728788
+Node: Running Examples729558
+Node: Clones730286
+Node: Cut Program731510
+Node: Egrep Program741650
+Node: Id Program750651
+Node: Split Program760598
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1770488
+Node: Tee Program770661
+Node: Uniq Program773451
+Node: Wc Program781039
+Node: Bytes vs. Characters781426
+Node: Using extensions782974
+Node: wc program783728
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs788593
+Node: Dupword Program789806
+Node: Alarm Program791836
+Node: Translate Program796691
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1801256
+Node: Labels Program801526
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1804877
+Node: Word Sorting804961
+Node: History Sorting809033
+Node: Extract Program811258
+Node: Simple Sed819312
+Node: Igawk Program822386
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1836717
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2836919
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3837041
+Node: Anagram Program837156
+Node: Signature Program840218
+Node: Programs Summary841465
+Node: Programs Exercises842679
+Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1846809
+Node: Advanced Features846895
+Node: Nondecimal Data848962
+Node: Array Sorting850553
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal851253
+Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1859621
+Node: Array Sorting Functions859739
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1864830
+Node: Two-way I/O865026
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1872747
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2872934
+Node: TCP/IP Networking873016
+Node: Profiling876134
+Node: Extension Philosophy885443
+Node: Advanced Features Summary886922
+Node: Internationalization888937
+Node: I18N and L10N890417
+Node: Explaining gettext891104
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1896996
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2897181
+Node: Programmer i18n897346
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1902295
+Node: Translator i18n902344
+Node: String Extraction903138
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1904270
+Node: Printf Ordering904356
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1907142
+Node: I18N Portability907206
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1909662
+Node: I18N Example909725
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1913000
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2913073
+Node: Gawk I18N913182
+Node: I18N Summary913831
+Node: Debugger915172
+Node: Debugging916172
+Node: Debugging Concepts916613
+Node: Debugging Terms918422
+Node: Awk Debugging920997
+Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1921942
+Node: Sample Debugging Session922074
+Node: Debugger Invocation922608
+Node: Finding The Bug923994
+Node: List of Debugger Commands930468
+Node: Breakpoint Control931801
+Node: Debugger Execution Control935495
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data938857
+Node: Execution Stack942398
+Node: Debugger Info944035
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands948106
+Node: Readline Support953168
+Node: Limitations954064
+Node: Debugging Summary956618
+Node: Namespaces957897
+Node: Global Namespace959008
+Node: Qualified Names960406
+Node: Default Namespace961405
+Node: Changing The Namespace962146
+Node: Naming Rules963760
+Node: Internal Name Management965608
+Node: Namespace Example966650
+Node: Namespace And Features969212
+Node: Namespace Summary970647
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic972124
+Node: Computer Arithmetic973611
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges977377
+Ref: table-floating-point-ranges977870
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1978528
+Node: Math Definitions978585
+Ref: table-ieee-formats981561
+Node: MPFR features982128
+Node: FP Math Caution983846
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1984918
+Node: Inexactness of computations985287
+Node: Inexact representation986318
+Node: Comparing FP Values987678
+Node: Errors accumulate988919
+Node: Strange values990375
+Ref: Strange values-Footnote-1992963
+Node: Getting Accuracy993068
+Node: Try To Round995778
+Node: Setting precision996677
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings997374
+Node: Setting the rounding mode999204
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes999578
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-11003509
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers1003688
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-11006863
+Node: Checking for MPFR1007012
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems1008486
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-11012771
+Node: Floating point summary1012809
+Node: Dynamic Extensions1014999
+Node: Extension Intro1016552
+Node: Plugin License1017818
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline1018615
+Ref: figure-load-extension1019054
+Ref: figure-register-new-function1020619
+Ref: figure-call-new-function1021711
+Node: Extension API Description1023773
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction1025486
+Ref: table-api-std-headers1027322
+Node: General Data Types1031571
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11040201
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions1040500
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11045001
+Node: Constructor Functions1045100
+Node: API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values1048566
+Node: Registration Functions1049879
+Node: Extension Functions1050579
+Node: Exit Callback Functions1055901
+Node: Extension Version String1057151
+Node: Input Parsers1057814
+Node: Output Wrappers1070535
+Node: Two-way processors1075047
+Node: Printing Messages1077312
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11078483
+Node: Updating ERRNO1078636
+Node: Requesting Values1079375
+Ref: table-value-types-returned1080112
+Node: Accessing Parameters1081048
+Node: Symbol Table Access1082285
+Node: Symbol table by name1082797
+Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11085821
+Node: Symbol table by cookie1085949
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11090134
+Node: Cached values1090198
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11093734
+Node: Array Manipulation1093887
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11094978
+Node: Array Data Types1095015
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11097673
+Node: Array Functions1097765
+Node: Flattening Arrays1102263
+Node: Creating Arrays1109239
+Node: Redirection API1114006
+Node: Extension API Variables1116839
+Node: Extension Versioning1117550
+Ref: gawk-api-version1117979
+Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1119710
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables1121338
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate1122411
+Node: Changes from API V11126385
+Node: Finding Extensions1127957
+Node: Extension Example1128516
+Node: Internal File Description1129314
+Node: Internal File Ops1133394
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11144744
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1144884
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11147267
+Node: Extension Samples1147541
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1149070
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1156719
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1158206
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1159424
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1163050
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1163886
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1164775
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1165842
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1166431
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1167171
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1169113
+Node: Extension Sample Time1170208
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1171960
+Node: gawkextlib1172452
+Node: Extension summary1175370
+Node: Extension Exercises1179072
+Node: Language History1180314
+Node: V7/SVR3.11181970
+Node: SVR41184122
+Node: POSIX1185556
+Node: BTL1186937
+Node: POSIX/GNU1187666
+Node: Feature History1193444
+Node: Common Extensions1209763
+Node: Ranges and Locales1211046
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11215662
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21215689
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31215924
+Node: Contributors1216147
+Node: History summary1222144
+Node: Installation1223524
+Node: Gawk Distribution1224468
+Node: Getting1224952
+Node: Extracting1225915
+Node: Distribution contents1227553
+Node: Unix Installation1234033
+Node: Quick Installation1234715
+Node: Shell Startup Files1237129
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1238218
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1240533
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1242902
+Node: PC Installation1243362
+Node: PC Binary Installation1244200
+Node: PC Compiling1244635
+Node: PC Using1245752
+Node: Cygwin1249305
+Node: MSYS1250529
+Node: VMS Installation1251131
+Node: VMS Compilation1251922
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11253151
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1253209
+Node: VMS Installation Details1254894
+Node: VMS Running1257147
+Node: VMS GNV1261426
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1262161
+Node: Bugs1262632
+Node: Bug address1263295
+Node: Usenet1266277
+Node: Maintainers1267281
+Node: Other Versions1268466
+Node: Installation summary1276331
+Node: Notes1277540
+Node: Compatibility Mode1278334
+Node: Additions1279116
+Node: Accessing The Source1280041
+Node: Adding Code1281478
+Node: New Ports1287697
+Node: Derived Files1292072
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11297732
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21297767
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31298365
+Node: Future Extensions1298479
+Node: Implementation Limitations1299137
+Node: Extension Design1300347
+Node: Old Extension Problems1301491
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11303009
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1303066
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11306430
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1306619
+Node: Extension Future Growth1308732
+Node: Notes summary1309338
+Node: Basic Concepts1310496
+Node: Basic High Level1311177
+Ref: figure-general-flow1311459
+Ref: figure-process-flow1312144
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11315445
+Node: Basic Data Typing1315630
+Node: Glossary1318958
+Node: Copying1350843
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1388386
+Node: Index1413506

End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 7b6cc71e..e87a1e84 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -924,6 +924,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
* Inexact representation:: Numbers are not exactly represented.
* Comparing FP Values:: How to compare floating point values.
* Errors accumulate:: Errors get bigger as they go.
+* Strange values:: A few words about infinities and NaNs.
* Getting Accuracy:: Getting more accuracy takes some work.
* Try To Round:: Add digits and round.
* Setting precision:: How to set the precision.
@@ -3140,11 +3141,12 @@ column means that the person is a friend.
An @samp{R} means that the person is a relative:
@example
-@c system if test ! -d eg ; then mkdir eg ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/lib ; then mkdir eg/lib ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/data ; then mkdir eg/data ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/prog ; then mkdir eg/prog ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/misc ; then mkdir eg/misc ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg ; then mkdir eg ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/lib ; then mkdir eg/lib ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/data ; then mkdir eg/data ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/prog ; then mkdir eg/prog ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/misc ; then mkdir eg/misc ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/test-programs ; then mkdir eg/test-programs ; fi
@c file eg/data/mail-list
Amelia 555-5553 amelia.zodiacusque@@gmail.com F
Anthony 555-3412 anthony.asserturo@@hotmail.com A
@@ -4844,7 +4846,10 @@ blocksize, which is usually the filesystem's I/O blocksize.)
If this variable exists with a value of @samp{gst}, @command{gawk}
switches to using the hash function from GNU Smalltalk for
managing arrays.
-This function may be marginally faster than the standard function.
+With a value of @samp{fnv1a}, @command{gawk} uses the
+@uref{http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html,
+FNV1-A hash function}.
+These functions may be marginally faster than the standard function.
@item AWKREADFUNC
If this variable exists, @command{gawk} switches to reading source
@@ -10199,7 +10204,7 @@ infinity are formatted as
and positive infinity as
@samp{inf} or @samp{infinity}.
The special ``not a number'' value formats as @samp{-nan} or @samp{nan}
-(@pxref{Math Definitions}).
+(@pxref{Strange values}).
@item @code{%F}
Like @samp{%f}, but the infinity and ``not a number'' values are spelled
@@ -18435,7 +18440,7 @@ compatibility mode (@pxref{Options}).
@cindexawkfunc{log}
@cindex logarithm
Return the natural logarithm of @var{x}, if @var{x} is positive;
-otherwise, return @code{NaN} (``not a number'') on IEEE 754 systems.
+otherwise, return NaN (``not a number'') on IEEE 754 systems.
Additionally, @command{gawk} prints a warning message when @code{x}
is negative.
@@ -33781,21 +33786,9 @@ A special value representing infinity. Operations involving another
number and infinity produce infinity.
@item NaN
-``Not a number.''@footnote{Thanks to Michael Brennan for this description,
-which we have paraphrased, and for the examples.} A special value that
-results from attempting a calculation that has no answer as a real number.
-In such a case, programs can either receive a floating-point exception,
-or get @code{NaN} back as the result. The IEEE 754 standard recommends
-that systems return @code{NaN}. Some examples:
-
-@table @code
-@item sqrt(-1)
-This makes sense in the range of complex numbers, but not in the
-range of real numbers, so the result is @code{NaN}.
-
-@item log(-8)
-@minus{}8 is out of the domain of @code{log()}, so the result is @code{NaN}.
-@end table
+``Not a number.'' A special value that results from attempting a
+calculation that has no answer as a real number. @xref{Strange values},
+for more information about infinity and not-a-number values.
@item Normalized
How the significand (see later in this list) is usually stored. The
@@ -33964,6 +33957,7 @@ decimal places in the final result.
* Inexact representation:: Numbers are not exactly represented.
* Comparing FP Values:: How to compare floating point values.
* Errors accumulate:: Errors get bigger as they go.
+* Strange values:: A few words about infinities and NaNs.
@end menu
@node Inexact representation
@@ -34085,6 +34079,242 @@ $ @kbd{gawk 'BEGIN @{}
@print{} 4
@end example
+@node Strange values
+@subsubsection Floating Point Values They Didn't Talk About In School
+
+Both IEEE 754 floating-point hardware, and MPFR, support two kinds of
+values that you probably didn't learn about in school. The first is
+@dfn{infinity}, a special value, that can be either negative or positive,
+and which is either smaller than any other value (negative infinity),
+or larger than any other value (positive infinity). When such values
+are generated, @command{gawk} prints them as either @samp{-inf} or
+@samp{+inf}, respectively. It accepts those strings as data input and
+converts them to the proper floating-point values internally.
+
+Infinity values of the same sign compare as equal to each other.
+Otherwise, operations (addition, subtraction, etc.) involving another
+number and infinity produce mathematically reasonable results.
+
+The second kind of value is ``not a number'', or NaN for
+short.@footnote{Thanks to Michael Brennan for this description, which we
+have paraphrased, and for the examples.} This is a special value that results
+from attempting a calculation that has no answer as a real number.
+In such a case, programs can either receive a floating-point exception,
+or get NaN back as the result. The IEEE 754 standard recommends
+that systems return NaN. Some examples:
+
+@table @code
+@item sqrt(-1)
+@iftex
+The @math{\sqrt{-1}}
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
+This
+@end ifnottex
+makes sense in the range of complex numbers, but not in the
+range of real numbers, so the result is NaN.
+
+@item log(-8)
+@minus{}8 is out of the domain of @code{log()}, so the result is NaN.
+@end table
+
+NaN values are strange. In particular, they cannot be compared with other
+floating point values; any such comparison, except for ``is not equal
+to'', returns false. NaN values are so much unequal to other values that
+even comparing two identical NaN values with @code{!=} returns true!
+
+NaN values can also be signed, although it depends upon the implementation
+as to which sign you get for any operation that returns a NaN. For
+example, on some systems, @code{sqrt(-1)} returns a negative NaN. On
+others, it returns a positive NaN.
+
+When such values are generated, @command{gawk} prints them as either
+@samp{-nan} or @samp{+nan}, respectively. Here too, @command{gawk}
+accepts those strings as data input and converts them to the proper
+floating-point values internally.
+
+If you want to dive more deeply into this topic, you can find
+test programs in C, @command{awk} and Python in the directory
+@file{awklib/eg/test-programs} in the @command{gawk} distribution.
+These programs enable comparison among programming languages as to how
+they handle NaN and infinity values.
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.awk
+function eq(left, right)
+@{
+ return left == right
+@}
+
+function ne(left, right)
+@{
+ return left != right
+@}
+
+function lt(left, right)
+@{
+ return left < right
+@}
+
+function le(left, right)
+@{
+ return left <= right
+@}
+
+function gt(left, right)
+@{
+ return left > right
+@}
+
+function ge(left, right)
+@{
+ return left >= right
+@}
+
+BEGIN @{
+ nan = sqrt(-1)
+ inf = -log(0)
+ split("== != < <= > >=", names)
+ names[3] = names[3] " "
+ names[5] = names[5] " "
+ split("eq ne lt le gt ge", funcs)
+
+ compare[1] = 2.0
+ compare[2] = values[1] = -sqrt(-1.0) # nan
+ compare[3] = values[2] = sqrt(-1.0) # -nan
+ compare[4] = values[3] = -log(0.0) # inf
+ compare[5] = values[4] = log(0.0) # -inf
+
+ for (i = 1; i in values; i++) @{
+ for (j = 1; j in compare; j++) @{
+ for (k = 1; k in names; k++) @{
+ the_func = funcs[k]
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n",
+ values[i],
+ names[k],
+ compare[j],
+ @@the_func(values[i], compare[j]) ?
+ "True" : "False");
+ @}
+ printf("\n");
+ @}
+ @}
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.c
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#define def_func(name, op) \
+ bool name(double left, double right) @{ \
+ return left op right; \
+ @}
+
+def_func(eq, ==)
+def_func(ne, !=)
+def_func(lt, <)
+def_func(le, <=)
+def_func(gt, >)
+def_func(ge, >=)
+
+struct @{
+ const char *name;
+ bool (*func)(double left, double right);
+@} functions[] = @{
+ @{ "==", eq @},
+ @{ "!=", ne @},
+ @{ "< ", lt @},
+ @{ "<=", le @},
+ @{ "> ", gt @},
+ @{ ">=", ge @},
+ @{ 0, 0 @}
+@};
+
+int main()
+@{
+ double values[] = @{
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ @};
+ double compare[] = @{ 2.0,
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ @};
+
+ int i, j, k;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) @{
+ for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) @{
+ for (k = 0; functions[k].name != NULL; k++) @{
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n", values[i],
+ functions[k].name,
+ compare[j],
+ functions[k].func(values[i], compare[j]) ? "True" : "False");
+ @}
+ printf("\n");
+ @}
+ @}
+
+ return 0;
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.py
+from math import *
+
+nan = float('NaN')
+inf = float('Inf')
+
+def eq(left, right):
+ return left == right
+
+def ne(left, right):
+ return left != right
+
+def lt(left, right):
+ return left < right
+
+def le(left, right):
+ return left <= right
+
+def gt(left, right):
+ return left > right
+
+def ge(left, right):
+ return left >= right
+
+func_map = {
+ "==": eq,
+ "!=": ne,
+ "< ": lt,
+ "<=": le,
+ "> ": gt,
+ ">=": ge,
+}
+
+compare = [2.0, nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+values = [nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+
+for i in range(len(values)):
+ for j in range(len(compare)):
+ for op in func_map:
+ print("%g %s %g -> %s" %
+ (values[i], op, compare[j], func_map[op](values[i], compare[j])))
+
+ print("")
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
@node Getting Accuracy
@subsection Getting the Accuracy You Need
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index adc90c51..95606cf3 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -919,6 +919,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
* Inexact representation:: Numbers are not exactly represented.
* Comparing FP Values:: How to compare floating point values.
* Errors accumulate:: Errors get bigger as they go.
+* Strange values:: A few words about infinities and NaNs.
* Getting Accuracy:: Getting more accuracy takes some work.
* Try To Round:: Add digits and round.
* Setting precision:: How to set the precision.
@@ -3050,11 +3051,12 @@ column means that the person is a friend.
An @samp{R} means that the person is a relative:
@example
-@c system if test ! -d eg ; then mkdir eg ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/lib ; then mkdir eg/lib ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/data ; then mkdir eg/data ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/prog ; then mkdir eg/prog ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/misc ; then mkdir eg/misc ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg ; then mkdir eg ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/lib ; then mkdir eg/lib ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/data ; then mkdir eg/data ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/prog ; then mkdir eg/prog ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/misc ; then mkdir eg/misc ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/test-programs ; then mkdir eg/test-programs ; fi
@c file eg/data/mail-list
Amelia 555-5553 amelia.zodiacusque@@gmail.com F
Anthony 555-3412 anthony.asserturo@@hotmail.com A
@@ -4710,7 +4712,10 @@ blocksize, which is usually the filesystem's I/O blocksize.)
If this variable exists with a value of @samp{gst}, @command{gawk}
switches to using the hash function from GNU Smalltalk for
managing arrays.
-This function may be marginally faster than the standard function.
+With a value of @samp{fnv1a}, @command{gawk} uses the
+@uref{http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html,
+FNV1-A hash function}.
+These functions may be marginally faster than the standard function.
@item AWKREADFUNC
If this variable exists, @command{gawk} switches to reading source
@@ -9668,7 +9673,7 @@ infinity are formatted as
and positive infinity as
@samp{inf} or @samp{infinity}.
The special ``not a number'' value formats as @samp{-nan} or @samp{nan}
-(@pxref{Math Definitions}).
+(@pxref{Strange values}).
@item @code{%F}
Like @samp{%f}, but the infinity and ``not a number'' values are spelled
@@ -17576,7 +17581,7 @@ compatibility mode (@pxref{Options}).
@cindexawkfunc{log}
@cindex logarithm
Return the natural logarithm of @var{x}, if @var{x} is positive;
-otherwise, return @code{NaN} (``not a number'') on IEEE 754 systems.
+otherwise, return NaN (``not a number'') on IEEE 754 systems.
Additionally, @command{gawk} prints a warning message when @code{x}
is negative.
@@ -32663,21 +32668,9 @@ A special value representing infinity. Operations involving another
number and infinity produce infinity.
@item NaN
-``Not a number.''@footnote{Thanks to Michael Brennan for this description,
-which we have paraphrased, and for the examples.} A special value that
-results from attempting a calculation that has no answer as a real number.
-In such a case, programs can either receive a floating-point exception,
-or get @code{NaN} back as the result. The IEEE 754 standard recommends
-that systems return @code{NaN}. Some examples:
-
-@table @code
-@item sqrt(-1)
-This makes sense in the range of complex numbers, but not in the
-range of real numbers, so the result is @code{NaN}.
-
-@item log(-8)
-@minus{}8 is out of the domain of @code{log()}, so the result is @code{NaN}.
-@end table
+``Not a number.'' A special value that results from attempting a
+calculation that has no answer as a real number. @xref{Strange values},
+for more information about infinity and not-a-number values.
@item Normalized
How the significand (see later in this list) is usually stored. The
@@ -32846,6 +32839,7 @@ decimal places in the final result.
* Inexact representation:: Numbers are not exactly represented.
* Comparing FP Values:: How to compare floating point values.
* Errors accumulate:: Errors get bigger as they go.
+* Strange values:: A few words about infinities and NaNs.
@end menu
@node Inexact representation
@@ -32967,6 +32961,242 @@ $ @kbd{gawk 'BEGIN @{}
@print{} 4
@end example
+@node Strange values
+@subsubsection Floating Point Values They Didn't Talk About In School
+
+Both IEEE 754 floating-point hardware, and MPFR, support two kinds of
+values that you probably didn't learn about in school. The first is
+@dfn{infinity}, a special value, that can be either negative or positive,
+and which is either smaller than any other value (negative infinity),
+or larger than any other value (positive infinity). When such values
+are generated, @command{gawk} prints them as either @samp{-inf} or
+@samp{+inf}, respectively. It accepts those strings as data input and
+converts them to the proper floating-point values internally.
+
+Infinity values of the same sign compare as equal to each other.
+Otherwise, operations (addition, subtraction, etc.) involving another
+number and infinity produce mathematically reasonable results.
+
+The second kind of value is ``not a number'', or NaN for
+short.@footnote{Thanks to Michael Brennan for this description, which we
+have paraphrased, and for the examples.} This is a special value that results
+from attempting a calculation that has no answer as a real number.
+In such a case, programs can either receive a floating-point exception,
+or get NaN back as the result. The IEEE 754 standard recommends
+that systems return NaN. Some examples:
+
+@table @code
+@item sqrt(-1)
+@iftex
+The @math{\sqrt{-1}}
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
+This
+@end ifnottex
+makes sense in the range of complex numbers, but not in the
+range of real numbers, so the result is NaN.
+
+@item log(-8)
+@minus{}8 is out of the domain of @code{log()}, so the result is NaN.
+@end table
+
+NaN values are strange. In particular, they cannot be compared with other
+floating point values; any such comparison, except for ``is not equal
+to'', returns false. NaN values are so much unequal to other values that
+even comparing two identical NaN values with @code{!=} returns true!
+
+NaN values can also be signed, although it depends upon the implementation
+as to which sign you get for any operation that returns a NaN. For
+example, on some systems, @code{sqrt(-1)} returns a negative NaN. On
+others, it returns a positive NaN.
+
+When such values are generated, @command{gawk} prints them as either
+@samp{-nan} or @samp{+nan}, respectively. Here too, @command{gawk}
+accepts those strings as data input and converts them to the proper
+floating-point values internally.
+
+If you want to dive more deeply into this topic, you can find
+test programs in C, @command{awk} and Python in the directory
+@file{awklib/eg/test-programs} in the @command{gawk} distribution.
+These programs enable comparison among programming languages as to how
+they handle NaN and infinity values.
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.awk
+function eq(left, right)
+@{
+ return left == right
+@}
+
+function ne(left, right)
+@{
+ return left != right
+@}
+
+function lt(left, right)
+@{
+ return left < right
+@}
+
+function le(left, right)
+@{
+ return left <= right
+@}
+
+function gt(left, right)
+@{
+ return left > right
+@}
+
+function ge(left, right)
+@{
+ return left >= right
+@}
+
+BEGIN @{
+ nan = sqrt(-1)
+ inf = -log(0)
+ split("== != < <= > >=", names)
+ names[3] = names[3] " "
+ names[5] = names[5] " "
+ split("eq ne lt le gt ge", funcs)
+
+ compare[1] = 2.0
+ compare[2] = values[1] = -sqrt(-1.0) # nan
+ compare[3] = values[2] = sqrt(-1.0) # -nan
+ compare[4] = values[3] = -log(0.0) # inf
+ compare[5] = values[4] = log(0.0) # -inf
+
+ for (i = 1; i in values; i++) @{
+ for (j = 1; j in compare; j++) @{
+ for (k = 1; k in names; k++) @{
+ the_func = funcs[k]
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n",
+ values[i],
+ names[k],
+ compare[j],
+ @@the_func(values[i], compare[j]) ?
+ "True" : "False");
+ @}
+ printf("\n");
+ @}
+ @}
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.c
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#define def_func(name, op) \
+ bool name(double left, double right) @{ \
+ return left op right; \
+ @}
+
+def_func(eq, ==)
+def_func(ne, !=)
+def_func(lt, <)
+def_func(le, <=)
+def_func(gt, >)
+def_func(ge, >=)
+
+struct @{
+ const char *name;
+ bool (*func)(double left, double right);
+@} functions[] = @{
+ @{ "==", eq @},
+ @{ "!=", ne @},
+ @{ "< ", lt @},
+ @{ "<=", le @},
+ @{ "> ", gt @},
+ @{ ">=", ge @},
+ @{ 0, 0 @}
+@};
+
+int main()
+@{
+ double values[] = @{
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ @};
+ double compare[] = @{ 2.0,
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ @};
+
+ int i, j, k;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) @{
+ for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) @{
+ for (k = 0; functions[k].name != NULL; k++) @{
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n", values[i],
+ functions[k].name,
+ compare[j],
+ functions[k].func(values[i], compare[j]) ? "True" : "False");
+ @}
+ printf("\n");
+ @}
+ @}
+
+ return 0;
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.py
+from math import *
+
+nan = float('NaN')
+inf = float('Inf')
+
+def eq(left, right):
+ return left == right
+
+def ne(left, right):
+ return left != right
+
+def lt(left, right):
+ return left < right
+
+def le(left, right):
+ return left <= right
+
+def gt(left, right):
+ return left > right
+
+def ge(left, right):
+ return left >= right
+
+func_map = {
+ "==": eq,
+ "!=": ne,
+ "< ": lt,
+ "<=": le,
+ "> ": gt,
+ ">=": ge,
+}
+
+compare = [2.0, nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+values = [nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+
+for i in range(len(values)):
+ for j in range(len(compare)):
+ for op in func_map:
+ print("%g %s %g -> %s" %
+ (values[i], op, compare[j], func_map[op](values[i], compare[j])))
+
+ print("")
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
@node Getting Accuracy
@subsection Getting the Accuracy You Need
diff --git a/doc/it/ChangeLog b/doc/it/ChangeLog
index 863eef47..df98dfbd 100644
--- a/doc/it/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/it/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,40 @@
+2021-04-06 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Updated.
+
+2021-04-01 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+ Marco Curreli <marcocurreli@tiscali.it>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Updated.
+ * gendocs.sh: Added.
+ * gendocs_template: Added.
+ * genera_formati.sh: Added.
+
+2021-03-21 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Updated.
+
+2021-03-20 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+
+ * texinfo.tex: Updated.
+
+2021-02-01 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Updated.
+
+2021-01-25 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Updated.
+ * texinfo.tex: Updated.
+
+2021-01-22 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Updated.
+
+2020-11-20 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Updated.
+
2020-11-01 Antonio Giovanni Colombo <azc100@gmail.com>
* texinfo.tex: Updated.
diff --git a/doc/it/gawktexi.in b/doc/it/gawktexi.in
index fe7c6b29..0edb44e9 100644..100755
--- a/doc/it/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/it/gawktexi.in
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
@c applies to and all the info about who's publishing this edition
@c These apply across the board.
-@set UPDATE-MONTH Settembre 2020
+@set UPDATE-MONTH Gennaio 2021
@set VERSION 5.1
@set PATCHLEVEL 0
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
@iftex
@set DOCUMENT libro
@set CHAPTER capitolo
+@set CHAPTERS capitoli
@set APPENDIX appendice
@set SECTION sezione
@set SECTIONS sezioni
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@
@ifinfo
@set DOCUMENT File Info
@set CHAPTER nodo principale
+@set CHAPTERS nodi principali
@set APPENDIX nodo principale
@set SECTION nodo secondario
@set SECTIONS nodi secondari
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@
@ifhtml
@set DOCUMENT Documento
@set CHAPTER capitolo
+@set CHAPTERS capitoli
@set APPENDIX appendice
@set SECTION sezione
@set SECTIONS sezioni
@@ -117,6 +120,7 @@
@ifdocbook
@set DOCUMENT libro
@set CHAPTER capitolo
+@set CHAPTERS capitoli
@set APPENDIX appendice
@set SECTION sezione
@set SECTIONS sezioni
@@ -129,6 +133,7 @@
@ifxml
@set DOCUMENT libro
@set CHAPTER capitolo
+@set CHAPTERS capitoli
@set APPENDIX appendice
@set SECTION sezione
@set SECTIONS sezioni
@@ -141,6 +146,7 @@
@ifplaintext
@set DOCUMENT libro
@set CHAPTER capitolo
+@set CHAPTERS capitoli
@set APPENDIX appendice
@set SECTION sezione
@set SECTIONS sezioni
@@ -309,7 +315,7 @@ Some comments on the layout for TeX.
Tel.: +1-617-542-5942 Fax: +1-617-542-2652 Email: <email>gnu@@gnu.org</email>
URL: <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org">https://www.gnu.org/</ulink></literallayout>
-<literallayout class="normal">Copyright &copy; 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996&ndash;2005, 2007, 2009&ndash;2020
+<literallayout class="normal">Copyright &copy; 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996&ndash;2005, 2007, 2009&ndash;2021
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
</literallayout>
@@ -331,7 +337,7 @@ Italian Linux Documentation Project (ILDP)
Email: <emailildp@@pluto.it
URL: <ulink url="http://www.pluto.it/ildp">http://www.pluto.it/ildp/</ulink></literallayout>
-<literallayout class="normal">Copyright &copy; 2016&ndash;2020
+<literallayout class="normal">Copyright &copy; 2016&ndash;2021
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
</literallayout>
@@ -339,7 +345,7 @@ All Rights Reserved.
@ifnotdocbook
@iftex
-Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996--2005, 2007, 2009--2020 @*
+Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996--2005, 2007, 2009--2021 @*
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end iftex
@end ifnotdocbook
@@ -687,7 +693,7 @@ Copyright dell'edizione italiana @copyright{} 2016 -- Free Software Foundation,
* Separazione in base al contenuto:: Definire campi dal loro contenuto.
* File CSV:: Ancora sui file CSV.
* Controllare la creazione di campi:: Controllare come @command{gawk} sta
- dividendo i record.
+ suddividendo i record.
* Righe multiple:: Record su righe multiple
* Getline:: Richiedere input usando @code{getline}.
* Getline semplice:: Usare @code{getline} senza argomenti.
@@ -968,6 +974,9 @@ Copyright dell'edizione italiana @copyright{} 2016 -- Free Software Foundation,
* Programma tee:: Il programma di utilit@`a @command{tee}.
* Programma uniq:: Il programma di utilit@`a @command{uniq}.
* Programma wc:: Il programma di utilit@`a @command{wc}.
+* Byte vs. Caratteri:: Moderni insiemi di caratteri.
+* Usare le estensioni:: Una breve introduzione alle estensioni.
+* Programmma @command{wc}:: Codice per @file{wc.awk}.
* Programmi vari:: Alcuni interessanti programmi in
@command{awk}
* Programma dupword:: Trovare parole duplicate in un
@@ -1005,6 +1014,7 @@ Copyright dell'edizione italiana @copyright{} 2016 -- Free Software Foundation,
programmazione di rete.
* Profilare:: Profilare i propri programmi
@command{awk}.
+* Filosofia delle estensioni:: Cosa dovrebbe essere incluso e cosa no.
* Sommario funzionalit@`a avanzate:: Sommario funzionalit@`a avanzate.
* I18N e L10N:: Internazionalizzazione e localiz.
* Utilizzare @command{gettext}:: Come funziona GNU @code{gettext}.
@@ -1033,7 +1043,7 @@ Copyright dell'edizione italiana @copyright{} 2016 -- Free Software Foundation,
* Controllo dei breakpoint:: Controllo dei punti d'interruzione.
* Controllo esecuzione debugger:: Controllo di esecuzione.
* Vedere e modificare dati:: Vedere e modificare dati.
-* Stack di esecuzione:: Lavorare con lo @dfn{stack}.
+* Stack di esecuzione:: Lavorare con lo @dfn{Stack}.
* Informazioni sul debugger:: Ottenere informazioni sullo stato
del programma e del debugger.
* Comandi vari del debugger:: Comandi vari del debugger.
@@ -1065,13 +1075,14 @@ Copyright dell'edizione italiana @copyright{} 2016 -- Free Software Foundation,
esattamente.
* Confronti tra valori in VM:: Come confrontare valori in virgola mobile.
* Gli errori si sommano:: Gli errori diventano sempre maggiori.
+* Valori strani:: Un cenno riguardo ai valori infiniti e a NaN [``non @`e un numero''].
* Ottenere la precisione:: Ottenere la precisione voluta.
* Tentare di arrotondare:: Tentare di aggiungere bit di precisione e
arrotondare.
* Impostare la precisione:: Impostare la precisione.
* Impostare modo di arrotondare:: Impostare la modalit@`a di
arrotondamento.
-* Controllare disponibilit@`a MPFR:: Come controllare se MPFR @`e disponibile.
+* Controllare disponibilit@`a MPFR:: Come controllare se MPFR @`e disponibile.
* Interi a precisione arbitraria:: Aritmetica dei numeri interi a precisione
arbitraria con @command{gawk}.
* Problemi virgola mobile POSIX:: Confronto tra standard e uso corrente.
@@ -1084,8 +1095,8 @@ Copyright dell'edizione italiana @copyright{} 2016 -- Free Software Foundation,
* Intro funzioni estensione API:: Introduzione alle funzioni dell'API.
* Tipi di dati generali:: I tipi di dati.
* Funzioni di allocazione memoria:: Funzioni per allocare memoria.
-* API e gestione valori MPFR e GMP:: Gestione valori MPFR e GMP.
* Funzioni di costruzione:: Funzioni per creare valori.
+* API e gestione valori MPFR e GMP:: Gestione valori MPFR e GMP.
* Funzioni di registrazione:: Funzioni per registrare cose con
@command{gawk}.
* Funzioni di estensione:: Registrare funzioni di estensione.
@@ -3259,7 +3270,7 @@ Le ``shell'' nei sistemi Microsoft Windows usano il carattere doppio apice
per protezione, e rendono difficile o impossibile inserire un carattere
doppio apice letterale in uno @dfn{script} scritto su una riga di comando.
L'esempio che segue, per il quale ringraziamo Jeroen Brink, mostra come
-proteggere i doppi apici, con questo script di una sola riga, che stampa
+proteggere i doppi apici, con questo @dfn{script} di una sola riga, che stampa
tutte le righe di un file, racchiudendole tra doppi apici:
@example
@@ -3338,11 +3349,12 @@ persona @`e un amico [Friend]. Una @samp{R} vuol dire che quella persona @`e
un parente [Relative]:
@example
-@c system if test ! -d eg ; then mkdir eg ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/lib ; then mkdir eg/lib ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/data ; then mkdir eg/data ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/prog ; then mkdir eg/prog ; fi
-@c system if test ! -d eg/misc ; then mkdir eg/misc ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg ; then mkdir eg ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/lib ; then mkdir eg/lib ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/data ; then mkdir eg/data ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/prog ; then mkdir eg/prog ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/misc ; then mkdir eg/misc ; fi
+@c system if test ! -d eg/test-programs ; then mkdir eg/test-programs ; fi
@c file eg/data/mail-list
Amelia 555-5553 amelia.zodiacusque@@gmail.com F
Anthony 555-3412 anthony.asserturo@@hotmail.com A
@@ -3689,7 +3701,7 @@ anno).
Come gi@`a visto sopra, l'output di @w{@samp{ls -l}} elenca la lista
dei file contenuti in una directory, compresa la lunghezza di ogni
-file la data in cui il file @`e stato modificato per l'ultima volta.
+file e la data in cui il file @`e stato modificato per l'ultima volta.
Il primo campo contiene le autorizzazioni di lettura-scrittura,
il secondo campo contiene il numero di @dfn{link} di quel file
e il terzo campo identifica il proprietario del file.
@@ -3698,7 +3710,7 @@ Il quinto campo contiene la dimensione del file, in byte.
Il sesto, settimo e ottavo campo contengono il mese, il giorno e
l'ora, rispettivamente, in cui il file @`e stato modificato l'ultima
volta.
-Finalmente il nono campo contiene il valore @value{FN}.
+Infine, il nono campo contiene il valore @value{FN}.
@c @cindex automatic initialization
@cindex inizializzazione @subentry automatica
@@ -3937,7 +3949,7 @@ e buttati via. Poich@'e i programmi @command{awk} sono interpretati, si pu@`o
evitare la (normalmente laboriosa) parte di compilazione nel ciclo tipico
dello sviluppo software, ossia edita-compila-prova-correggi.
-@cindex BWK @command{awk} @seeentry{Brian Kernighan @subentry @command{awk} di}
+@cindex BWK @command{awk} @seeentry{Brian Kernighan, @command{awk} di}
@cindex Brian Kernighan @subentry @command{awk} di
In @command{awk} sono stati scritti programmi complessi, compreso un assembler
completo, pluri-piattaforma per
@@ -4429,7 +4441,7 @@ informazioni.
@cindex codice-byte interno @subentry tracciatura del
Stampa i nomi del codice-byte generato internamente, nell'ordine
in cui sono incontrati durante l'esecuzione del programma.
-Questa trace @`e stampata sullo standard error.
+Questa tracciatura @`e stampata sullo standard error.
Ogni ``codice operativo'' @`e preceduto da un segno @code{+}
nell'output.
@@ -4534,7 +4546,7 @@ Forza l'uso del carattere di separazione decimale della localizzazione
quando analizza i dati in input
(@pxref{Localizzazioni}).
-@cindex stampa elegante
+@cindex stampa-elegante
@item @option{-o}[@var{file}]
@itemx @option{--pretty-print}[@code{=}@var{file}]
@cindex @option{-o} (opzione)
@@ -5018,7 +5030,7 @@ variabile non esiste, o se ha un come valore la stringa nulla,
@command{gawk} usa un percorso di default (descritto tra poco).
La funzionalit@`a del percorso di ricerca @`e particolarmente utile per costruire
-librerie di funzioni di @command{awk}. I file di libreria possono essere messi
+librerie di funzioni di @command{awk}. Le librerie di file possono essere messe
in una directory standard inclusa nel percorso di ricerca
e richiamati sulla riga di comando con un
@value{FN} breve. Altrimenti, si dovrebbe scrivere l'intero @value{FN} per
@@ -5026,7 +5038,7 @@ ciascun file.
Usando l'opzione @option{-i}, o l'opzione @option{-f}, i programmi di
@command{awk} scritti sulla riga di comando possono usare le funzionalit@`a
-contenute nei file di libreria di @command{awk}
+contenute nelle librerie di file di @command{awk}
@iftex
(@pxrefil{Funzioni di libreria}).
@end iftex
@@ -5192,7 +5204,11 @@ del filesystem).
@item AWK_HASH
Se questa variabile @`e impostata con un valore di @samp{gst}, @command{gawk}
usa la funzione hash di GNU Smalltalk per gestire i vettori.
-Questa funzione pu@`o essere leggermente pi@`u veloce della funzione standard.
+Se invece ha per valore @samp{fnv1a}, @command{gawk} usa la funzione hash
+@uref{http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html,
+FNV1-A}.
+Queste funzioni possono essere leggermente pi@`u veloci della funzione standard.
+
@item AWKREADFUNC
Se questa variabile esiste, @command{gawk} legge i file sorgenti una riga per
volta, anzich@'e a blocchi. Questa variabile @`e presente
@@ -5386,7 +5402,7 @@ possono includere queste ``librerie'' usando il percorso completo dei
file, o impostando opportunamente la variabile d'ambiente @env{AWKPATH} e
quindi usando @code{@@include} con la sola parte del percorso completo che
designa il file. Naturalmente,
-si possono tenere i file di libreria in pi@`u di una directory;
+si possono tenere le librerie di file in pi@`u di una directory;
pi@`u @`e complesso l'ambiente di lavoro, pi@`u
directory possono essere necessarie per organizzare i file da includere.
@@ -6314,6 +6330,47 @@ nella @dfn{regexp}. Per esempio, @code{/+/} individua un semplice segno
pi@`u. Tuttavia, molte altre versioni di @command{awk} trattano una
tale notazione come un errore di sintassi.
+@sidebar E se la @dfn{regexp} è vuota?
+@cindex vuote @subentry @dfn{regexps}
+@cindex @dfn{regexp} @subentry vuote
+Viene qui descritto un uso avanzato delle @dfn{regexp}.
+Pu@`o essere saltato in una prima lettura.
+
+Si può specificare una costante @dfn{regexp} vuota (@samp{//}) in ogni
+posto in cui ci si aspetta di trova una @dfn{regexp}.
+Può servire a qualcosa farlo? A cosa corrisponde?
+
+Ha senso farlo. Corrisponde alla stringa vuota (invisibile),
+all'inizio e alla fine di una stringa di caratteri, come pure
+alla stringa vuota tra un carattere e l'altro. Lo si vede bene
+con la funzione @code{gsub()}, che si usa per fare delle sostituzioni
+globali (@pxref{Funzioni per stringhe}). L'uso normale di @code{gsub()}
+è del tipo:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{awk '}
+> @kbd{BEGIN @{}
+> @kbd{ x = "ABC_CBA"}
+> @kbd{ gsub(/B/, "bb", x)}
+> @kbd{ print x}
+> @kbd{@}'}
+@print{} AbbC_CbbA
+@end example
+
+Possiamo usare @code{gsub()} per verificare dove sono situate le stringhe
+vuote che corrispondono alla @dfn{regexp} vuote:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{awk '}
+> @kbd{BEGIN @{}
+> @kbd{ x = "ABC"}
+> @kbd{ gsub(//, "x", x)}
+> @kbd{ print x}
+> @kbd{@}'}
+@print{} xAxBxCx
+@end example
+@end sidebar
+
@node Espressioni di intervallo
@subsection Alcune note sulle espressioni di intervallo
@@ -6384,7 +6441,7 @@ che occupano un unico byte (caratteri il cui valore stia
nell'intervallo 0--256). Per individuare un intervallo di
caratteri in cui i punti di inizio e fine dell'intervello
abbiano valori maggiori di 256, occorre immettere direttamente
-le codifiche multi-byte dei caratteri in questione.
+le codifiche multibyte dei caratteri in questione.
@cindex @code{\} (barra inversa) @subentry in espressioni tra parentesi quadre
@cindex barra inversa (@code{\}) @subentry in espressioni tra parentesi quadre
@@ -6523,7 +6580,7 @@ sono equivalenti). Queste sequenze sono:
@cindex espressioni @subentry tra parentesi quadre @subentry elementi di collazione
@cindex elementi @subentry di collazione
@item elementi di collazione
-Elementi di collazione multi-byte racchiusi fra
+Elementi di collazione multibyte racchiusi fra
@samp{[.} e @samp{.]}. Per esempio, se @samp{ch} @`e un elemento di collazione,
@samp{[[.ch.]]} @`e una @dfn{regexp} che individua questo elemento di
collazione, mentre @samp{[ch]} @`e una @dfn{regexp} che individua le lettere
@@ -7096,7 +7153,7 @@ getline (@pxref{Getline}).
* Dimensione costante:: Leggere campi di larghezza costante.
* Separazione in base al contenuto:: Definire campi dal loro contenuto.
* Controllare la creazione di campi:: Controllare come @command{gawk} sta
- dividendo i record.
+ suddividendo i record.
* Righe multiple:: Leggere record che sono su pi@`u righe.
* Getline:: Leggere file sotto il controllo del
programma, usando la funzione
@@ -7274,23 +7331,6 @@ in questione non viene trattato come tale, ma viene usato letteralmente.
Ci@`o viene fatto per compatibilit@`a all'indietro sia con il comando
Unix @command{awk} che con lo standard POSIX.
-Quando si usano caratteri normali come separatore di record,
-c'@`e un caso insolito che capita quando @command{gawk}
-@`e reso completamente conforme a POSIX (@pxref{Opzioni}).
-In quel caso, la seguente (estrema) @dfn{pipeline} stampa un sorprendente
-@samp{1}:
-
-@example
-$ echo | gawk --posix 'BEGIN @{ RS = "a" @} ; @{ print NF @}'
-@print{} 1
-@end example
-
-C'@`e un solo campo, consistente in un ritorno a capo. Il valore della
-variabile predefinita @code{NF} @`e il numero di campi nel record corrente.
-(Normalmente @command{gawk} tratta il ritorno a capo come uno spazio
-vuoto, stampando @samp{0} come risultato. Anche molte altre versioni di
-@command{awk} agiscono in questo modo.)
-
@cindex angolo buio @subentry file in input
Il raggiungimento della fine di un file in input fa terminare il record di
input corrente, anche se l'ultimo carattere nel file non @`e il carattere in
@@ -7387,7 +7427,7 @@ particolare se il testo di input che potrebbe avere una corrispondenza con la
parte finale @`e piuttosto lungo. @command{gawk} cerca di evitare questo
problema, ma al momento non ci sono garanzie che questo funzioni sempre.
-@quotation NOTA
+@sidebar Avvertenze per quando si usano espressioni regolari come @code{RS}
Si ricordi che in @command{awk}, i metacaratteri di ancoraggio @samp{^} e
@samp{$} trovano l'inizio e la fine di una @emph{stringa}, e non l'inizio e la
fine di una @emph{riga}. Come risultato, qualcosa come
@@ -7395,7 +7435,15 @@ fine di una @emph{riga}. Come risultato, qualcosa come
Questo perch@'e @command{gawk} vede il file in input come un'unica lunga stringa
in cui possono essere presenti dei caratteri di ritorno a capo.
@`E meglio perci@`o evitare metacaratteri di ancoraggio nel valore di @code{RS}.
-@end quotation
+
+La suddivisione in campi usando espressioni regolari funziona in maniera
+differente rispetto a quando la si usa con le funzioni @code{sub()}, @code{gsub()}, e
+@code{gensub()} (@pxref{Funzioni per stringhe}). Tali funzioni consentono
+che un'espressione regolare sia soddisfatta da una stringa nulla;
+la suddivisione in campi non lo consente. Quindi, per esempio,
+@samp{RS = "()"} @emph{non} divide un record in campi di un carattere
+ciascuno.
+@end sidebar
@cindex @command{gawk} @subentry variabile @subentry @code{RT} in
@cindex @code{RT} (variabile)
@@ -8034,6 +8082,15 @@ $ @kbd{echo 'xxAA xxBxx C' |}
@print{} -->C<--
@end example
+Inoltre,
+la suddivisione in campi usando espressioni regolari funziona in maniera
+differente rispetto a quando la si usa con le funzioni @code{sub()}, @code{gsub()}, e
+@code{gensub()} (@pxref{Funzioni per stringhe}). Tali funzioni consentono
+che un'espressione regolare sia soddisfatta da una stringa nulla;
+La suddivisione in campi non lo consente. Quindi, per esempio,
+@samp{RS = "()"} @emph{non} divide un record in campi di un carattere
+ciascuno.
+
@node Campi di un solo carattere
@subsection Fare di ogni carattere un campo separato
@@ -8592,6 +8649,10 @@ parole, @code{FS} definisce cosa un campo @emph{non @`e}, invece di cosa
Tuttavia, ci sono casi in cui effettivamente si ha bisogno di definire i campi
in base a cosa essi sono, e non in base a cosa non sono.
+@cindex dati CSV (valori separati da virgole) @subentry analizzare con @code{FPAT}
+@cindex CSV (valori separati da virgole) come dati @subentry analizzare con @code{FPAT}
+@cindex Comma Separated Values (CSV) come dati @subentry analizzare con @code{FPAT}
+@cindex valori separati da virgole (CSV) come dati @subentry analizzare con @code{FPAT}
Il caso pi@`u emblematico @`e quello dei dati cosiddetti @dfn{comma-separated
value} (CSV). Molti fogli elettronici, per esempio, possono esportare i dati
in file di testo, dove ogni record termina con un ritorno a capo e i campi
@@ -8710,7 +8771,7 @@ FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
@c Per email from Ed Morton <mortoneccc@comcast.net>
@c
@c WONTFIX: 10/2020
-@c This is too much work. FPAT and CSV files are very flakey and
+@c This is too much work. FPAT and CSV files are very flaky and
@c fragile. Doing something like this is merely inviting trouble.
Come per @code{FS}, la variabile @code{IGNORECASE}
@@ -8789,8 +8850,20 @@ $ @kbd{gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv}
@print{} NF = 3 <p><><s>
@end example
+@cindex Collado, Manuel
+@cindex @code{CSVMODE}, libreria per @command{gawk}
+@cindex libreria @code{CSVMODE} per @command{gawk}
+@cindex dati CSV (valori separati da virgole) @subentry analizzare con libreria @code{CSVMODE}
+@cindex CSV (valori separati da virgole) come dati @subentry analizzare con libreria @code{CSVMODE}
+@cindex valori separati da virgole (CSV) come dati @subentry analizzare con libreria @code{CSVMODE}
+In generale, usare @code{FPAT} per effettuare l'analisi di dati in formato CSV
+@`e come utilizzare un lenzuolo troppo corto. Rimane sempre un angolo che non
+@`e coperto. Si raccomanda, in alternativa, di usare la libreria @code{CSVMODE}
+messa a disposizione da Manuel Collado. Vedere:
+@uref{http://mcollado.z15.es/xgawk/, @code{CSVMODE} libreria per @command{gawk}}.
+
@node Controllare la creazione di campi
-@section Controllare come @command{gawk} sta dividendo i record
+@section Controllare come @command{gawk} sta suddividendo i record
@cindex @command{gawk} @subentry separazione in campi e
Come visto sopra, @command{gawk} fornisce tre metodi indipendenti per
@@ -10473,9 +10546,9 @@ dallo standard IEEE 754, il valore infinito negativo @`e rappresentato come
@samp{-inf} o @samp{-infinity},
e l'infinito positivo come
@samp{inf} o @samp{infinity}.
-Il valore speciale ``not a number'' [non @`e un numero] viene scritto come
+Il valore speciale ``not a number'' ["non @`e un numero"] viene scritto come
@samp{-nan} o @samp{nan}
-(@pxref{Definizioni matematiche}).
+(@pxref{Valori strani}).
@item @code{%F}
Come @samp{%f}, ma i valori di infinito e di ``not a number'' sono scritti
@@ -13160,16 +13233,18 @@ Per avere la massima portabilit@`a, non usare l'operatore @samp{**=}.
@sidebar Ambiguit@`a sintattiche tra @samp{/=} e le espressioni regolari
@cindex angolo buio @subentry costanti @dfn{regexp} @subentry operatore @code{/=} e
-@cindex @code{/} (barra) @subentry operatore @code{/=} @subentry vs. costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
-@cindex barra (@code{/}) @subentry operatore @code{/=} @subentry vs. costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
+@cindex @code{/} (barra) @subentry operatore @code{/=} @subentry vs.@: costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
+@cindex barra (@code{/}) @subentry operatore @code{/=} @subentry vs.@: costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
@cindex @dfn{regexp} @subentry costanti @subentry @code{/=@dots{}/}, operatore @code{/=} e
@c derived from email from "Nelson H. F. Beebe" <beebe@math.utah.edu>
@c Date: Mon, 1 Sep 1997 13:38:35 -0600 (MDT)
-@cindex angolo buio @subentry operatore @code{/=} vs. costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
-@cindex ambiguit@`a sintattica: operatore @code{/=} vs. costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
-@cindex sintattica @subentry ambiguit@`a: operatore @code{/=} vs. costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
+@cindex angolo buio @subentry operatore @code{/=} vs.@: costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
+@cindex ambiguit@`a sintattica: operatore @code{/=} vs.@: costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
+@cindex sintattica @subentry ambiguit@`a: operatore @code{/=} vs.@: costante @dfn{regexp} @code{/=@dots{}/}
+@cindex @code{/=} (uguale) @subentry operatore vs.@: @code{/=@dots{}/} costante @dfn{regexp}
+@cindex uguale (@code{/=}) @subentry operatore vs.@: @code{/=@dots{}/} costante @dfn{regexp}
C'@`e un'ambiguit@`a sintattica tra l'operatore di assegnamento @code{/=}
e le costanti @dfn{regexp} il cui primo carattere sia @samp{=}.
@value{DARKCORNER}
@@ -14996,12 +15071,13 @@ Ci@`o non @`e pi@`u obbligatorio, ma @`e una buona idea continuare a seguire que
modello per migliorare l'organizzazione e la leggibilit@`a del programma.
Regole multiple @code{BEGIN} ed @code{END} sono utili per scrivere funzioni
-di libreria, poich@'e ogni file di libreria pu@`o avere la sua propria regola
-@code{BEGIN} e/o @code{END} per fare la propria inizializzazione e/o pulizia.
+di libreria, poich@'e ogni file di una libreria pu@`o avere la sua propria
+regola @code{BEGIN} e/o @code{END} per fare la propria inizializzazione e/o
+pulizia.
L'ordine in cui le funzioni di libreria sono menzionate nella riga dei comandi
determina l'ordine in cui le rispettive regole @code{BEGIN} ed @code{END} sono
eseguite. Per questo motivi, occorre prestare attenzione nello scrivere tali
-regole nei file di libreria, in modo che non sia importante
+regole nelle librerie di file, in modo che non sia importante
l'ordine in cui tali regole vengono eseguite.
@xref{Opzioni} per maggiori informazioni sull'uso di funzioni di libreria.
@iftex
@@ -15127,11 +15203,11 @@ I codici delle regole @code{BEGINFILE} sono eseguiti subito prima che
@`e impostata al nome del file corrente e @code{FNR} @`e impostata a zero.
Prima della @value{PVERSION} 5.1.1 di @command{gawk}, per un difetto di
-implementazione, @code{$0} e i campi del record mantenevano, nelle regole
+implementazione, @code{$0} e i campi del record mantenevano nelle regole
@code{BEGINFILE} il valore che avevano in precedenza.
A partire dalla @value{PVERSION} 5.1.1, sia @code{$0} che i campi del
record sono impostati alla stringa nulla, poich@'e nessun record @`e
-ancora stato letto dal file in procinto di essere elaborato.
+ancora stato letto dal file che sta per essere di essere elaborato.
La regola @code{BEGINFILE} d@`a la possibilit@`a di eseguire due compiti
che sarebbe difficile o impossibile effettuare altrimenti:
@@ -15194,7 +15270,7 @@ modalit@`a compatibile (@pxref{Opzioni}), non sono regole speciali.
@node Vuoto
@subsection Il criterio di ricerca vuoto
-@cindex vuoto @subentry criterio di ricerca
+@cindex vuoti @subentry criteri di ricerca
@cindex criteri di ricerca @subentry vuoti
Un criterio di ricerca vuoto (cio@`e omesso) corrisponde a
@emph{ogni} record in input. Per esempio, il programma:
@@ -16060,16 +16136,17 @@ risultato.
In @command{gawk}, l'esecuzione di @code{nextfile} produce ulteriori effetti:
le eventuali regole @code{ENDFILE}
sono eseguite se @command{gawk} non
-si trova correntemente all'interno di una regola @code{END} o
-@code{BEGINFILE}; @code{ARGIND} @`e
+si trova correntemente all'interno di una regola @code{END},
+@code{ARGIND} @`e
incrementato e le eventuali regole @code{BEGINFILE} sono eseguite.
(@code{ARGIND} non @`e stato ancora trattato.
@xref{Variabili predefinite}.)
-In @command{gawk}, @code{nextfile} @`e utile all'interno di una regola
+C'@`e un ulteriore caso speciale di utilizzo in @command{gawk}.
+@code{nextfile} @`e utile all'interno di una regola
@code{BEGINFILE} per evitare di elaborare un file che altrimenti causerebbe
un errore fatale in @command{gawk}.
-In questo caso, le regole @code{ENDFILE} non vengono eseguite.
+In questo caso speciale, le regole @code{ENDFILE} non vengono eseguite.
@xref{BEGINFILE/ENDFILE}.
Sebbene possa sembrare che @samp{close(FILENAME)} ottenga lo stesso
@@ -19051,8 +19128,8 @@ modalit@`a compatibile (@pxref{Opzioni}).
@cindexawkfunc{log}
@cindex logaritmo
Restituisce il logaritmo naturale di @var{x}, se @var{x} @`e positivo;
-altrimenti, restituisce @code{NaN} (``not a number'') sui sistemi che
-implementano lo standard IEEE 754.
+altrimenti, restituisce NaN (``not a number'',[``non @`e un numero''])
+sui sistemi che implementano lo standard IEEE 754.
Inoltre, @command{gawk} stampa un messaggio di avvertimento qualora @code{x}
sia negativo.
@@ -26199,13 +26276,13 @@ possono essere separati da virgole, e intervalli di caratteri possono essere
separated da trattini. La lista
@samp{1-8,15,22-35} specifica i caratteri da 1 a 8, 15, e da 22 a 35.
-@item -f @var{lista}
-Usare @var{lista} come lista di campi da ritagliare.
-
@item -d @var{delimitatore}
Usare @var{delimitatore} come carattere che separa i campi invece del
carattere TAB.
+@item -f @var{lista}
+Usare @var{lista} come lista di campi da ritagliare.
+
@item -s
Evita la stampa di righe che non contengono il delimitatore di campo.
@end table
@@ -26216,6 +26293,12 @@ di libreria @code{getopt()}
e la funzione di libreria @code{join()}
(@pxref{Funzione join}).
+La versione POSIX corrente del comando @command{cut} prevede opzioni
+per ritagliare dei campi che possono essere sia byte che caratteri
+[possibilmente multibyte]. Questa versione non tenta di implementare
+tali opzioni, poich@'e @command{awk} lavora esclusivamente in termini
+di caratteri.
+
Il programma inizia con un commento che descrive le opzioni, le funzioni
di libreria necessarie, e una funzione @code{sintassi()} che stampa un
messaggio ed esce. @code{sintassi()} @`e chiamato se si specificano degli
@@ -26237,9 +26320,9 @@ argomenti non validi:
@c file eg/prog/cut.awk
# Opzioni:
+# -c lista Ritagliare caratteri
# -f lista Ritagliare campi
# -d c Carattere di delimitazione di campo
-# -c lista Ritagliare caratteri
#
# -s Sopprimere righe che non contengono il delimitatore
#
@@ -26315,7 +26398,7 @@ un semplice spazio (@code{@w{" "}}) come valore per @code{FS} @`e
sbagliato: @command{awk} separerebbe i campi con serie di spazi,
TAB, e/o ritorni a capo, mentre devono essere separati solo da uno spazio.
Per far questo, salviamo il carattere di spazio originale nella variabile
-@code{fs} per un uso futuro; dopo aver impostato @code{FS} a @code{"[ ]"} non
+@code{fs} per un uso futuro; dopo aver impostato @code{FS} a @code{@w{"[ ]"}} non
@`e possibile usarlo direttamente per vedere se il carattere delimitatore di
campo @`e nella stringa.
@@ -26595,11 +26678,11 @@ da implementare con @command{gawk}; basta usare la variabile predefinita
# -e l'argomento @`e un'espressione regolare
# -i ignora maiuscolo/minuscolo
# -l stampa solo nomi file
-# -n aggiungi numeri linea in output
+# -n aggiungi numeri riga in output
# -q quieto - usa solo il codice di ritorno
# -s silenzioso - non stampa messaggi di errore
-# -v inverte test, successo se espression non trovata
-# -x l'intera linea deve corrispondere
+# -v inverte test, successo se espressione non viene trovata
+# -x l'intera riga deve corrispondere
#
# Richiede la funzione getopt()
# Usa IGNORECASE, BEGINFILE ed ENDFILE
@@ -26633,14 +26716,17 @@ BEGIN @{
@noindent
Si noti il commento relativo alla chiamata del programma:
-Poich@'e parecchie opzioni possono essere sepcificate anche per
-@command{gawk}, occorre immettere @option{--} per far s@`@{dotless{i}} che
+Poich@'e parecchie opzioni possono essere specificate anche per
+@command{gawk}, occorre immettere @option{--} per far s@`{@dotless{i}} che
@command{gawk} non prosegua nell'analisi delle opzioni.
Nel seguito c'@`e il codice che gestisce il comportamento specifico di
-@command{egrep}. Se non @`e fornito esplicitamente alcun criterio di ricerca
-tramite l'opzione @option{-e}, si usa il primo argomento sulla riga di
-comando che non sia un'opzione.
+@command{egrep}. @command{egrep} utilizza il primo argomento sulla
+riga di comando che non sia un'opzione se non @`e fornito esplicitamente
+alcun criterio di ricerca tramite l'opzione @option{-e}.
+Se il criterio di ricerca @`e la stringa nulla, ci@`o significa che non
+@`e stato fornito alcun criterio, quindi @`e necessario stampare un
+messaggio di errore e terminare il programma.
Gli argomenti della riga di comando di @command{awk} fino ad
@code{ARGV[Optind]} vengono cancellati,
in modo che @command{awk} non tenti di elaborarli come file. Se
@@ -26694,12 +26780,12 @@ BEGINFILE @{
La regola @code{ENDFILE} viene eseguita alla fine dell'elaborazione
di ogni file. Genera dell'output solo quando l'utente richiede un
-contatore del numero di righe che sono state trovate corrispondere.
+contatore del numero di righe corrispondenti che sono state trovate.
La variabile @code{non_stampare} @`e vera qualora si chieda di
impostare solo il codice di ritorno.
La variabile @code{conta_e_basta} @`e vera qualora si chieda solo
-il numero delle righe che sono state trovare corrispondere.
+il numero delle righe corrispondenti che sono state trovate.
@command{egrep} quindi stampa il contatore delle corrispondenze
trovate solo se sia la stampa che il conteggio righe sono richieste.
Il formato dell'output dev'essere adattato, a seconda del numero di
@@ -26734,9 +26820,9 @@ verificando i valori delle variabili @code{RSTART} e @code{RLENGTH}.
Se questi indicano che la corrispondenza non coincide con l'intera
riga, la variabile @code{corrisponde} @`e impostata a zero (falsa).
-Se l'utente chiede invece le righe che @emph{non} corrispondono,
-il senso di @code{corrisponde} @`e invertito, usando l'operatore @samp{!}.
-@code{contatore_file} @`e incrementato con il valore di
+Se l'utente chiede invece le righe che non corrispondono, si inverte
+il senso di @code{corrisponde}, usando l'operatore @samp{!}.
+Poi, @code{contatore_file} @`e incrementato con il valore di
@code{corrisponde}, che vale uno o zero, a seconda che la corrispondenza sia
stata trovata oppure no. Se la riga non corrisponde, l'istruzione
@code{next} passa ad esaminare il record successivo.
@@ -26855,14 +26941,14 @@ Usa la funzione di libreria @code{getopt()}
(@pxref{Funzione getopt}),
le funzioni di libreria del database che descrive gli utenti
(@pxref{Funzioni Passwd}),
-Usa le funzioni di libreria che riguardano il database degli utenti
+le funzioni di libreria che riguardano il database degli utenti
(@pxref{Funzioni Passwd})
e le funzioni di libreria che riguardano il database dei gruppi
(@pxref{Funzioni Group}).
Il programma @`e abbastanza semplice. Tutto il lavoro @`e svolto nella regola
@code{BEGIN}.
-Inizia com dei commenti di spiegazioni, una lista di opzioni e infine
+Inizia con dei commenti di spiegazione, una lista di opzioni e infine
una funzione @code{sintassi()} function:
@cindex @code{id.awk} (programma)
@@ -26939,7 +27025,7 @@ BEGIN @{
@end example
Il passo successivo @`e quello di controllare che non siano state
-specificate opzioni mutualmente esclusive.
+specificate opzioni mutuamente esclusive.
Le opzioni @option{-G} e @option{-r} sono di questo tipo.
Inoltre, non @`e possibile specificare pi@`u di un nome utente
sulla riga di comando:
@@ -26958,7 +27044,7 @@ dal vettore @code{PROCINFO} dell'utente corrente, oppure
dal database degli utenti e delle password, per un
utente il cui nome sia stato specificato nella riga di
comando.
-In quest'ultimo caos, viene impostato il flag @code{real_ids_only},
+In quest'ultimo caso, viene impostato il flag @code{real_ids_only},
poich@'e non @`e possibile stampare informazioni riguardo agli
ID di utente e di gruppo effettivi:
@@ -27075,9 +27161,9 @@ Una logica simile viene seguita per l'opzione @option{-u}
@end example
A questo punto non abbiamo ancora finito, e quindi stampiamo
-l'output normale, di default, a riguardo dell'utente corrente
-o dell'utente che era stato specificato sulla riga di comando.
-Iniziamo a stmpare l'user ID reale:
+l'output normale, di default, relative all'utente corrente
+o all'utente che era stato specificato sulla riga di comando.
+Iniziamo a stampare l'user ID reale:
@example
@c file eg/prog/id.awk
@@ -27256,7 +27342,7 @@ ogni file dovrebbe essere lungo (al massimo) @var{N} byte.
Se si specifica la lettera @samp{k}, il numero @var{N} viene
moltiplicato per 1.024, ossia diviene il numero di kilobyte.
Se si specifica la lettera @samp{m}, il numero @var{N} viene
-moltiplicato per 1.048.576 (@math{1.024 @value{PER} 1.024})
+moltiplicato per 1.048.576 (@math{1.024 @value{VOLTE} 1.024})
ossia diviene il numero di megabyte.
(Quest'opzione @`e mutuamente esclusiva con l'opzione @option{-l}).
@@ -27285,7 +27371,9 @@ Ecco un'implementazione di @command{split} in @command{awk}. Viene utilizzata
la funzione @code{getopt()} presentata in @ref{Funzione getopt}.
Il programma inizia con un commento descrittivo e poi con la
-funzione @code{sintassi()} che ne descrive le opzioni:
+funzione @code{sintassi()} che ne descrive le opzioni. La variabile
+@code{comune} permettere di avere delle righe brevi nella funzione,
+in modo che sia stampata in maniera elegante nella pagina:
@cindex @code{split.awk} (programma)
@cindex programma @subentry @code{split.awk}
@@ -27306,10 +27394,11 @@ funzione @code{sintassi()} che ne descrive le opzioni:
@c endfile
@end ignore
@c file eg/prog/split.awk
-function sintassi()
+function sintassi( comune)
@{
- print("Uso: split [-l contatore] [-a lunghezza-suffisso] [file [nome-output-file]]") > "/dev/stderr"
- print(" split [-b N[k|m]] [-a lunghezza-suffisso] [file [nome-output-file]]") > "/dev/stderr"
+ common = "[-a lunghezza-suffisso] [file [nome-output-file]]"
+ printf("Uso: split [-l contatore] %s\n", comune) > "/dev/stderr"
+ printf(" split [-b N[k|m]] %s\n", comune) > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
@}
@c endfile
@@ -27402,7 +27491,7 @@ passare da @samp{abz} ad @samp{aca}.
@item
Si deve poter determinare se abbiamo utilizzato tutti i prefissi,
-in modo che, nel caso ci siano ulteriori dati (da suddividere) si
+in modo che, nel caso ci siano ulteriori dati (da suddividere), si
possa stampare un messaggio di errore e terminare il programma.
Il trucco @`e di gestire una tale situazione @emph{dopo} aver usato
l'ultimo suffisso disponibile, e non quando viene generato l'ultimo
@@ -27801,7 +27890,8 @@ spiegazione delle opzioni e del loro significato, sotto forma di commenti:
function sintassi()
@{
- print("Uso: uniq [-udc [-f campi]] [-s caratteri] [ in [ out ]]") > "/dev/stderr"
+ print("Uso: uniq [-udc [-f campi] [-s caratteri]] " \
+ "[ in [ out ]]") > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
@}
@@ -28063,14 +28153,14 @@ Klingon e il linguaggio degli elfi di J.R.R.@: Tolkien).
Per risparmiare spazio nei file, i @dfn{code points} Unicode sono
@dfn{codificati}, e la rappresentazione di ogni carattere pu@`o richiedere
da uno a quattro byte nel file. UTF-8 @`e verosimilmente la pi@`u diffusa
-fra queste codifiche multi-byte (@dfn{multibyte encodings}).
+fra queste codifiche multibyte (@dfn{multibyte encodings}).
Lo standard POSIX richiede che @command{awk} gestisca dei caratteri,
non dei byte. Per questo motivo, in @command{gawk}, le funzioni
@code{length()}, @code{substr()}, @code{split()}, @code{match()} e
le altre funzioni di manipolazione di stringhe
(@pxref{Funzioni per stringhe}) funzionano tutte elaborando dei caratteri,
-come definiti dall'insieme di caratteri locale [a una determinata lingua]
+come definiti dall'insieme di caratteri localizzati [a una determinata lingua]
e non elaborando dei byte. (Incidentalmente, non tutte le implementazioni
di @command{awk} si comportano cos@`{@dotless{i}}).
@@ -28090,8 +28180,8 @@ possono anche essere dei codici scritti nei linguaggi C o C++.
Per quanto riguarda
@file{wc.awk}, @`e sufficiente sapere che l'estensione viene caricata
con la direttiva @code{@@load}, e la funzione ulteriore che dovr@`a essere
-usata si chiama @code{mbs_length()}. Questa funzione restiuisce il numero
-di byte in una stringa, e non il numero di caratteri.
+usata si chiama @code{mbs_length()}. Questa funzione restituisce il numero
+di byte in una stringa, non il numero di caratteri.
L'estensione @code{"mbs"} fa parte del progetto @code{gawkextlib}.
@xref{gawkextlib} for ulteriori informazioni.
@@ -28110,23 +28200,23 @@ standard input. Se ci sono pi@`u file, stampa anche il contatore totale di
tutti i file. Le opzioni e il loro significato sono i seguenti:
@table @code
-@item -l
-Conta solo le righe.
-
-@item -w
-Conta solo le parole.
-Una ``parola'' @`e una sequenza contigua di caratteri non bianchi, separata da
-spazi e/o TAB. Fortunatamente, questo @`e il modo normale in cui @command{awk}
-separa i campi nei suoi record in input.
-
@item -c
Conta solo i byte.
Un tempo, la lettera @samp{c} di questa opzione stava per ``caratteri.''
Ma, come spiegato pi@`u sopra, byte e carattere non sono pi@`u sinonimi
tra loro.
+@item -l
+Conta solo le righe.
+
@item -m
Conta solo caratteri.
+
+@item -w
+Conta solo le parole.
+Una ``parola'' @`e una sequenza contigua di caratteri non bianchi, separata da
+spazi e/o TAB. Fortunatamente, questo @`e il modo normale in cui @command{awk}
+separa i campi nei suoi record in input.
@end table
L'implementazione di @command{wc} in @command{awk} @`e particolarmente
@@ -29365,7 +29455,7 @@ La riga @`e poi stampata nel file di output:
gsub("@@`o","ò",riga)
gsub("@@`u","ù",riga)
# riga contiene ancora caratteri @@?
- if (index(riga, "@@") == 0) {
+ if (index(riga, "@@") == 0) @{
print riga > file_corrente
continue
@}
@@ -30618,6 +30708,7 @@ tratta della capacit@`a di aggiungere dinamicamente nuove funzioni predefinite a
processo.
* Reti TCP/IP:: Usare @command{gawk} per programmazione di rete.
* Profilare:: Profilare i propri programmi @command{awk}.
+* Filosofia delle estensioni:: Cosa dovrebbe essere incluso e cosa no.
* Sommario funzionalit@`a avanzate:: Sommario delle funzionalit@`a avanzate.
@end menu
@@ -31828,7 +31919,7 @@ alfabetico.
La versione profilata del proprio programma potrebbe non apparire esattamente
come quella scritta durante la stesura del programma. Questo perch@'e
-@command{gawk} crea la versione profilata facendo una ``stampa elegante'' della
+@command{gawk} crea la versione profilata facendo una ``stampa-elegante'' della
sua rappresentazione interna del programma. Un vantaggio di ci@`o @`e che
@command{gawk} pu@`o produrre una rappresentazione standard.
Inoltre, cose come:
@@ -31923,9 +32014,9 @@ tastiera. Il segnale @code{INT} @`e generato dalle combinazioni di tasti
@kbd{Ctrl-c} o @kbd{Ctrl-BREAK}, mentre il segnale
@code{QUIT} @`e generato dalla combinazione di tasti @kbd{Ctrl-\}.
-@cindex stampa elegante
+@cindex stampa-elegante
Infine, @command{gawk} accetta anche un'altra opzione, @option{--pretty-print}.
-Quando viene chiamato in questo modo, @command{gawk} fa una ``stampa elegante''
+Quando viene chiamato in questo modo, @command{gawk} fa una ``stampa-elegante''
del programma nel file @file{awkprof.out}, senza conteggi sull'esecuzione.
@quotation NOTA
@@ -31933,10 +32024,10 @@ Una volta, l'opzione @option{--pretty-print} eseguiva anche il programma.
Ora non pi@`u.
@end quotation
-@cindex profilazione @subentry differenza rispetto alla stampa elegante
-@cindex stampa elegante @subentry differenza rispetto alla profilazione
+@cindex profilazione @subentry differenza rispetto alla ``stampa-elegante''
+@cindex stampa-elegante @subentry differenza rispetto alla profilazione
C'@`e una differenza significativa tra l'output creato durante la profilazione,
-e quello creato durante la stampa elegante. L'output della stampa elegante
+e quello creato durante la ``stampa-elegante''. L'output della ``stampa-elegante''
preserva i commenti originali che erano nel programma, anche se la loro
posizione pu@`o non corrispondere esattamente alle posizioni originali che
avevano nel codice sorgente. Tuttavia, nessun commento dovrebbe andare
@@ -31948,23 +32039,83 @@ in maniera perfetta.
Comunque, per una precisa scelta progettuale, l'output della profilazione
@emph{omette} i commenti del programma originale. Questo permette di
concentrarsi sui dati del conteggio di esecuzione ed evita la tentazione di
-usare il profilatore per creare una stampa elegante.
+usare il profilatore per creare una ``stampa-elegante''.
Oltre a ci@`o, l'output stampato in modo elegante non ha l'indentazione iniziale
-che ha l'output della profilazione. Questo rende agevole la stampa elegante
+che ha l'output della profilazione. Questo rende agevole la ``stampa-elegante''
del proprio codice una volta completato lo sviluppo, usando poi il risultato
come versione finale del programma.
Poich@'e la rappresentazione interna del programma @`e formattata per
essere aderente al programma @command{awk} in questione, la profilazione
-e la stampa elegante (opzione @option{--pretty-print}) disabilitano
+e la ``stampa-elegante'' (opzione @option{--pretty-print}) disabilitano
automaticamente le optimizzazioni di default di @command{gawk}.
-La profilazione e la stampa elegante mantengono anche il formato originale
+La profilazione e la ``stampa-elegante'' mantengono anche il formato originale
delle costanti numeriche; se sono stati usati dei valori ottali o esadecimali
nel codice sorgente, questi compariranno nell'output nello stesso
formato con cui sono stati inseriti.
+@node Filosofia delle estensioni
+@section Funzionalit@`a incluse @dfn{versus} estensioni
+
+Come descritto sin qui e nei successivi @value{CHAPTERS},
+@command{gawk} ha numerose estensioni ulteriori,
+rispetto a quelle presenti nel comando @command{awk} standard.
+Queste sono state sviluppate col passare del tempo.
+Pi@`u recentemente, l'attenzione si @`e spostata sull'uso
+del meccanismo delle estensioni (@pxref{Estensioni dinamiche})
+per aggiungere ulteriori funzionalit@`a.
+@ifnotinfo
+Questa @value{SECTION}
+@end ifnotinfo
+@ifinfo
+Questo @value{SECTION}
+@end ifinfo
+tratta della ``filosofia ispiratrice'' riguardo a ci@`o che dovrebbe
+essere aggiunto all'interprete come funzionalit@`a interna,
+rispetto a quello che dovrebbe essere reso disponibile tramite
+estensioni.
+
+Ci sono parecchi obiettivi:
+
+@enumerate 1
+@item
+Conservare il comando @command{awk}; non dovrebbe divenire irriconoscibile
+anche se i programmi scritti per esso verranno eseguito usando solo
+@command{gawk}.
+
+@item
+Non aumentare le dimensioni del nucleo del programma, a meno che ci@`o
+sia assolutamente indispensabile.
+
+@item
+Aggiungere nuove funzionalit@`a o tramite @dfn{script}
+(opzione @option{-f}, direttiva @code{@@include})
+o in un'estensione caricabile scritta in C o C++
+(opzione @option{-l}, direttiva @code{@@load}).
+
+@item
+Estendere il nucleo dell'interpretatore solo se qualche funzionalit@`a:
+
+@c sublist
+@enumerate A
+@item
+@`E veramente desiderabile.
+@item
+Non si pu@`o ottenere tramite dei file di libreria o estensioni caricabili.
+@item
+Pu@`o essere aggiunta al nucleo senza troppe difficolt@`a.
+@end enumerate
+@end enumerate
+
+Combinare dei moduli con dei file @command{awk} @`e una tecnica efficace.
+Lo si pu@`o vedere in alcuni degli esempi di estensione.
+
+Il caricamento di estensioni e librerie di file non dovrebbe essere
+fatto automaticamente, perch@'e questo richiede un consumo di risorse
+che molti utenti non desiderano, o di cui non hanno bisogno.
+
@node Sommario funzionalit@`a avanzate
@section Sommario
@@ -32012,9 +32163,14 @@ profilazione @command{gawk} scrive il profilo, includendo lo
@dfn{stack} della chiamata alla funzione e prosegue nell'elaborazione.
@item
-Si pu@`o anche fare solo una ``stampa elegante'' del programma.
+Si pu@`o anche fare solo una ``stampa-elegante'' del programma.
+@item
+Nuove funzionalit@`a dovrebbero essere sviluppate usando, se possibile,
+il meccanismo delle estensioni; si dovrebbero aggiungere al nucleo
+dell'interpretatore solo come ultima risorsa.
@end itemize
+
@node Internazionalizzazione
@chapter Internazionalizzazione con @command{gawk}
@@ -33579,7 +33735,7 @@ argomenti.
* Controllo dei breakpoint:: Controllo dei punti d'interruzione.
* Controllo esecuzione debugger:: Controllo di esecuzione.
* Vedere e modificare dati:: Vedere e modificare dati.
-* Stack di esecuzione:: Lavorare con lo @dfn{stack}.
+* Stack di esecuzione:: Lavorare con lo @dfn{Stack}.
* Informazioni sul debugger:: Ottenere informazioni sullo stato del
programma e del debugger.
* Comandi vari del debugger:: Comandi vari del debugger.
@@ -34016,8 +34172,8 @@ argomenti) dalla lista dei punti d'osservazione.
@end table
-@node @dfn{Stack} di esecuzione
-@subsection Lavorare con lo @dfn{stack}
+@node Stack di esecuzione
+@subsection Lavorare con lo @dfn{Stack}
Ogni volta che si esegue un programma che contiene chiamate di funzione,
@command{gawk} mantiene una pila contenente la lista delle chiamate di funzione
@@ -35079,10 +35235,10 @@ Questo
interagisce con altre importanti funzionalit@`a di @command{gawk}.
@cindex spazio-dei-nomi @subentry interazione con la profilazione
-@cindex spazio-dei-nomi @subentry interazione con la stampa elegante
+@cindex spazio-dei-nomi @subentry interazione con la ``stampa-elegante''
@cindex profilazione @subentry interazione con spazio-dei-nomi
-@cindex stampa elegante @subentry interazione con spazio-dei-nomi
-La profilazione e la stampa elegante (@pxref{Profilare}) sono state
+@cindex stampa-elegante @subentry interazione con spazio-dei-nomi
+La profilazione e la ``stampa-elegante'' (@pxref{Profilare}) sono state
migliorate per trattare gli spazi-dei-nomi e le regole per assegnare nomi in
uno spazio-dei-nomi @ref{Regole per i nomi}.
In particolare, l'output tiene insieme le funzioni che appartengono
@@ -35143,7 +35299,7 @@ disponibile la potenza e la flessibilit@`a necessarie.
@item
Altre parti di @command{gawk} sono state estese come necessario per
integrare gli spazi-dei-nomi nel loro funzionamento.
-Questo vale soprattutto per la profilazione / stampa elegante
+Questo vale soprattutto per la profilazione / ``stampa-elegante''
(@pxref{Profilare}) e per le funzionalit@`a relative alle
estensioni (@pxref{Estensioni dinamiche}).
@@ -35366,23 +35522,10 @@ Come i numeri vanno arrotondati, per eccesso o per difetto, quando necessario.
Maggiori dettagli verranno forniti in seguito.
@item NaN
-``Not a number'' (Non un Numero).@footnote{Grazie a Michael
-Brennan per questa descrizione, che abbiamo parafrasato, e per gli esempi.} Un
-valore speciale che risulta da un calcolo che non ha risposta come numero
-reale. In tal caso, i programmi possono o ricevere un'eccezione di virgola
-mobile, o restituire @code{NaN} come risultato. Lo standard IEEE 754
-consiglia che i sistemi restituiscano @code{NaN}. Alcuni esempi:
-
-@table @code
-@item sqrt(-1)
-La radice quadrata di @minus{}1 ha senso nell'insieme dei numeri complessi,
-ma non nell'insieme dei numeri reali,
-per cui il risultato @`e @code{NaN}.
-
-@item log(-8)
-Il logaritmo di @minus{}8 @`e fuori dal dominio di @code{log()},
-per cui il risultato @`e @code{NaN}.
-@end table
+``Not a number'' (``non @`e un numero''). Un valore speciale
+che risulta da un calcolo che non ha come risposta un numero
+reale. @xref{Valori strani}, per maggiori informazioni riguardo
+ai valori infiniti e ai valori ``non-un-numero''.
@item Normalizzato (formato)
Come la mantissa (vedi oltre in questa lista) @`e usualmente memorizzata. Il
@@ -35534,8 +35677,8 @@ ottenere ulteriori informazioni, e non basarsi solo su quanto qui detto.
* Ottenere la precisione:: Ottenere pi@`u precisione richiede qualche
sforzo.
* Tentare di arrotondare:: Aggiungere cifre di precisione e arrotondare.
-* Impostare la precisione:: Come impostare la precisione.
-* Impostare modo di arrotondare:: Impostare le modalit@`a di arrotondamento.
+* Impostare la precisione:: Impostare la precisione.
+* Impostare modo di arrotondare:: Impostare la modalit@`a di arrotondamento.
@end menu
@node Inesattezza nei calcoli
@@ -35556,6 +35699,7 @@ il numero di cifre decimali esatte nel risultato finale.
* Rappresentazioni inesatte:: I numeri non sono rappresentati esattamente.
* Confronti tra valori in VM:: Come confrontare valori in virgola mobile.
* Gli errori si sommano:: Gli errori diventano sempre maggiori.
+* Valori strani:: Valori in virgola mobile non spiegati a scuola.
@end menu
@node Rappresentazioni inesatte
@@ -35682,6 +35826,257 @@ $ @kbd{gawk 'BEGIN @{}
@print{} 4
@end example
+@node Valori strani
+@subsubsection Valori in virgola mobile non spiegati a scuola
+
+Sia l'hardware che implementa lo standard per i numeri in virgola
+mobili IEEE 754, che la libreria matematica MPFR, prevedono due
+tipi di valori di cui probabilmente non vi hanno parlato a scuola.
+Il primo @`e il valore @dfn{infinity} (``infinito''), un valore speciale
+che pu@`o avere un segno sia negativo che positivo, e che @`e pi@`u
+piccolo di ogni altro valore (infinito negativo), o maggiore di ogni
+altro valore (infinito positivo). Quando vengono generati tali valori
+@command{gawk} li stampa come @samp{-inf} o @samp{+inf}, rispettivamente.
+@command{gawk} accetta queste stringhe come dati in input, e li converte
+internamente all'appropriato valore in virgola mobile.
+
+Valori di infinito che abbiano lo stesso segno risultano uguali
+quando sono confrontati fra loro.
+Per il resto, altre operazioni (addizione, sottrazione, etc.)
+che hanno come operando un infinito e un altro numero producono
+risultati matematicamente ragionevoli.
+
+Il secondo tipo di valore @`e ``not a number'' [``non @`e un numero'']
+scritto in forma abbreviata come NaN.@footnote{Grazie a Michael Brennan
+per questa descrizione, che abbiamo parafrasato, e per gli esempi.}
+
+Questo @`e un valore speciale che risulta da un calcolo che non ha come
+risposta un numero reale. In tal caso, i programmi possono o ricevere
+un’eccezione di virgola mobile, o restituire NaN come risultato.
+Lo standard IEEE 754 consiglia che i sistemi restituiscano NaN.
+Alcuni esempi:
+
+@table @code
+@item sqrt(-1)
+@iftex
+La funzione @math{\sqrt{-1}}
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
+Questa funzione
+@end ifnottex
+ha senso nell'insieme dei numeri complessi,
+ma non nell'insieme dei numeri reali,
+per cui il risultato @`e @code{NaN}.
+
+@item log(-8)
+Il logaritmo di @minus{}8 @`e fuori dal dominio di @code{log()},
+per cui il risultato @`e @code{NaN}.
+@end table
+
+I valori Nan sono strani. In particolare, non possono essere confrontati
+con altri numeri in virgola mobile; ogni confronto di questo tipo, eccetto
+quello ``non uguale a'', restituisce il valore ``falso''.
+I valori NaN sono talmente differenti da altri valori che perfino il
+confronto di due valori NaN identici fra loro con @code{!=} restituisce
+il valore ``vero''!
+
+I valori NaN possono anche avere un segno (positivo o negativo),
+anche se dipende dall'implementazione quale segno viene restituito
+da qualsiasi operazione il cui risultato sia un valore NaN.
+Per esempio, su alcuni sistemi la funzione @code{sqrt(-1)}
+restituisce un NaN negativo. Su altri sistemi il NaN restituito
+@`e invece positivo.
+
+Quando tali valori vengono generati, @command{gawk} li stampa
+come @samp{-nan} o @samp{+nan}, rispettivamente. Anche per
+questi valori, @command{gawk} accetta queste stringhe come
+dati in input e le converte internamente ai valori loro
+assegnati come numeri in virgola mobile.
+
+Se si desidera approfondire ulteriormente questo argomento, si possono
+trovare programmi di test scritti in C, @command{awk} e Python
+nella directory @file{awklib/eg/test-programs} disponibile
+nella distribuzione di @command{gawk}.
+Tali programmi permettono un confronto tra i linguaggi di
+programmazione, riguardo al modo con cui vengono trattati
+i valori di infinito e quelli NaN.
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.awk
+function eq(left, right)
+@{
+ return left == right
+@}
+
+function ne(left, right)
+@{
+ return left != right
+@}
+
+function lt(left, right)
+@{
+ return left < right
+@}
+
+function le(left, right)
+@{
+ return left <= right
+@}
+
+function gt(left, right)
+@{
+ return left > right
+@}
+
+function ge(left, right)
+@{
+ return left >= right
+@}
+
+BEGIN @{
+ nan = sqrt(-1)
+ inf = -log(0)
+ split("== != < <= > >=", names)
+ names[3] = names[3] " "
+ names[5] = names[5] " "
+ split("eq ne lt le gt ge", funcs)
+
+ compare[1] = 2.0
+ compare[2] = values[1] = -sqrt(-1.0) # nan
+ compare[3] = values[2] = sqrt(-1.0) # -nan
+ compare[4] = values[3] = -log(0.0) # inf
+ compare[5] = values[4] = log(0.0) # -inf
+
+ for (i = 1; i in values; i++) @{
+ for (j = 1; j in compare; j++) @{
+ for (k = 1; k in names; k++) @{
+ the_func = funcs[k]
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n",
+ values[i],
+ names[k],
+ compare[j],
+ @@the_func(values[i], compare[j]) ?
+ "True" : "False");
+ @}
+ printf("\n");
+ @}
+ @}
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.c
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#define def_func(name, op) \
+ bool name(double left, double right) @{ \
+ return left op right; \
+ @}
+
+def_func(eq, ==)
+def_func(ne, !=)
+def_func(lt, <)
+def_func(le, <=)
+def_func(gt, >)
+def_func(ge, >=)
+
+struct @{
+ const char *name;
+ bool (*func)(double left, double right);
+@} functions[] = @{
+ @{ "==", eq @},
+ @{ "!=", ne @},
+ @{ "< ", lt @},
+ @{ "<=", le @},
+ @{ "> ", gt @},
+ @{ ">=", ge @},
+ @{ 0, 0 @}
+@};
+
+int main()
+@{
+ double values[] = @{
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ @};
+ double compare[] = @{ 2.0,
+ -sqrt(-1), // nan
+ sqrt(-1), // -nan
+ -log(0.0), // inf
+ log(0.0) // -inf
+ @};
+
+ int i, j, k;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) @{
+ for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) @{
+ for (k = 0; functions[k].name != NULL; k++) @{
+ printf("%g %s %g -> %s\n", values[i],
+ functions[k].name,
+ compare[j],
+ functions[k].func(values[i], compare[j]) ? "True" : "False");
+ @}
+ printf("\n");
+ @}
+ @}
+
+ return 0;
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+@c file eg/test-programs/gen-float-table.py
+from math import *
+
+nan = float('NaN')
+inf = float('Inf')
+
+def eq(left, right):
+ return left == right
+
+def ne(left, right):
+ return left != right
+
+def lt(left, right):
+ return left < right
+
+def le(left, right):
+ return left <= right
+
+def gt(left, right):
+ return left > right
+
+def ge(left, right):
+ return left >= right
+
+func_map = {
+ "==": eq,
+ "!=": ne,
+ "< ": lt,
+ "<=": le,
+ "> ": gt,
+ ">=": ge,
+}
+
+compare = [2.0, nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+values = [nan, -nan, inf, -inf]
+
+for i in range(len(values)):
+ for j in range(len(compare)):
+ for op in func_map:
+ print("%g %s %g -> %s" %
+ (values[i], op, compare[j], func_map[op](values[i], compare[j])))
+
+ print("")
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+
@node Ottenere la precisione
@subsection Ottenere la precisione voluta
@@ -37369,8 +37764,8 @@ restituiti sono di tipo @code{mpfr_ptr} e @code{mpz_ptr} rispettivamente,
e si dovrebbero assegnare in maniera appropriata questi codici di ritorno
prima di assegnare i risultati a variabili del tipo corretto.
-La memoria allocata da queste funzioni dovrebbe essere liberata a fine
-utilizzo, richiamando @code{gawk_free()}.
+La memoria allocata da queste funzioni dovrebbe essere liberata dopo il
+loro uso, richiamando @code{gawk_free()}.
@node Funzioni di costruzione
@subsection Funzioni per creare valori
@@ -38023,7 +38418,7 @@ I campi sono:
@table @code
@item awk_bool_t use_chars;
Impostare ad @code{awk_true} se le lunghezze di campo sono specificate in
-unit@`a di caratteri potenzialmente multi-byte, oppure impostarlo a
+unit@`a di caratteri potenzialmente multibyte, oppure impostarlo a
@code{awk_false} se le lunghezze sono espresse in numero di byte.
L'efficienza del programma sar@`a maggiore utilizzando la dimensione in byte.
@@ -42555,7 +42950,7 @@ con @option{--}.
@item
L'opzione @option{--source} per combinare codice sorgente immesso nella riga
-di comando e codice sorgente proveniente da file di libreria.
+di comando e codice sorgente proveniente da librerie di file.
@end itemize
@end itemize
@@ -43057,7 +43452,7 @@ L'opzione @option{-D} attiva il debugger.
@item
Le opzioni @option{-i} e @option{--include}
-caricano dei file di libreria @command{awk}.
+caricano delle librerie di file @command{awk}.
@item
Le opzioni @option{-l} e @option{--load} caricano estensioni dinamiche
@@ -43105,7 +43500,7 @@ La funzione @code{getline} ridiretta @`e stata resa possibile all'interno di
@item
Il comando @code{where} @`e stato aggiunto al debugger
-(@pxref{@dfn{Stack} di esecuzione}).
+(@pxref{Stack di esecuzione}).
@item
Il supporto per Ultrix @`e stato rimosso.
@@ -44390,7 +44785,7 @@ Il codice sorgente di @command{gawk}, in generale, cerca di aderire, nei limiti
del possibile, a degli standard formali. Ci@`o significa che @command{gawk} usa
routine di libreria che sono specificate nello standard ISO C e nello standard
POSIX per le interfacce dei sistemi operativi. Il codice sorgente di
-@command{gawk} richiede l'uso di un compilatore ISO C (standard 1990).
+@command{gawk} richiede l'uso di un compilatore ISO C (standard 1999).
Molti sistemi Unix non aderiscono completamente n@'e allo standard ISO n@'e a
quello POSIX. La sottodirectory @file{missing_d} nella distribuzione di
@@ -45411,6 +45806,10 @@ il sito @url{https://sourceforge.net/projects/awka}.
Il progetto sembra essere stato congelato; non ci sono state modifiche nel
codice sorgente dal 2001 circa.
+@item Resuscitare Awka
+Questo progetto, disponibile nel sito @uref{https://github.com/noyesno/awka},
+si propone di fissare bug in @command{awka} e di aggiungere nuove funzionalit@`a.
+
@cindex Beebe, Nelson H.F.@:
@cindex @command{pawk} (versione con profilazione di Brian Kernighan @command{awk})
@cindex codice sorgente @subentry @command{pawk}
@@ -45464,6 +45863,17 @@ il progetto
mette a disposizione questa implementazione. Si possono vedere i singoli file in
@uref{https://github.com/joyent/illumos-joyent/blob/master/usr/src/cmd/awk_xpg4}.
+@cindex @command{frawk}
+@cindex sorgente @subentry codice @subentry @command{frawk}
+@cindex codice sorgente @subentry @command{frawk}
+@item @command{frawk}
+Questo @`e un linguaggio per scrivere programmi corti.
+``In prima approssimazione, @`e un'implementazione del linguaggio AWK;
+molti comuni programmi @command{awk} producono un output equivalente
+quando passati a @command{frawk}.'' Comunque, ha anche numerose e
+importanti funzionalit@`a ulteriori. Il codice sorgente @`e disponibile
+sul sito @uref{https://github.com/ezrosent/frawk}.
+
@cindex @command{goawk}
@cindex Go @subentry implementazione di @command{awk}
@cindex sorgente @subentry @command{goawk}
@@ -45490,7 +45900,13 @@ essere un interprete completo, anche se, poich@'e usa funzionalit@`a di Java
per l'I/O e per la ricerca di @dfn{regexp}, il linguaggio che supporta
@`e differente da @command{awk} POSIX.
Ulteriori informazioni sono disponibili sulla
-@uref{https://jawk.sourceforge.net, pagina principale del progetto}.
+@uref{http://jawk.sourceforge.net, pagina principale del progetto}.
+
+@item Hoijui's @command{jawk}
+Questo progetto, disponibili sul sito
+@uref{https://github.com/hoijui/Jawk},
+@`e un altro interpretatore di @command{awk} scritto in Java.
+Usa i moderni strumenti di sviluppo software di Java.
@item Libmawk
@cindex @command{libmawk} (interpretatore)
@@ -45504,7 +45920,6 @@ Questo @`e un interprete @command{awk} incorporabile, derivato da
@cindex interpretatore @command{awk} incorporabile @subentry codice sorgente
@cindex Neacsu, Mircea
@item @command{awk} incorporabile di Mircea Neacsu
-@item incorporabile, @command{awk}, di Mircea Neacsu
Mircea Neacsu ha creato un interpretatore @command{awk}
incorporabile, basato su BWK @command{awk}. @`E disponibile
nel sito @uref{https://github.com/neacsum/awk}.
@@ -45549,6 +45964,9 @@ Wikipedia} su @command{awk} per informazioni su ulteriori versioni.
@end table
+Un'interessante raccolta di funzioni di libreria @`e disponibile sul sito
+@uref{https://github.com/e36freak/awk-libs}.
+
@node Sommario dell'installazione
@appendixsec Sommario
diff --git a/doc/it/gendocs.sh b/doc/it/gendocs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1872de9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/it/gendocs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+# gendocs.sh -- generate a GNU manual in many formats. This script is
+# mentioned in maintain.texi. See the help message below for usage details.
+
+scriptversion=2021-01-01.00
+
+# Copyright 2003-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# Original author: Mohit Agarwal.
+# Send bug reports and any other correspondence to bug-gnulib@gnu.org.
+#
+# The latest version of this script, and the companion template, is
+# available from the Gnulib repository:
+#
+# https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/tree/build-aux/gendocs.sh
+# https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/tree/doc/gendocs_template
+
+# TODO:
+# - image importing was only implemented for HTML generated by
+# makeinfo. But it should be simple enough to adjust.
+# - images are not imported in the source tarball. All the needed
+# formats (PDF, PNG, etc.) should be included.
+
+prog=`basename "$0"`
+srcdir=`pwd`
+
+scripturl="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/plain/build-aux/gendocs.sh"
+templateurl="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/plain/doc/gendocs_template"
+
+: ${SETLANG="env LANG= LC_MESSAGES= LC_ALL= LANGUAGE="}
+: ${MAKEINFO="makeinfo"}
+: ${TEXI2DVI="texi2dvi"}
+: ${DOCBOOK2HTML="docbook2html"}
+: ${DOCBOOK2PDF="docbook2pdf"}
+: ${DOCBOOK2TXT="docbook2txt"}
+: ${GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR="."}
+: ${PERL='perl'}
+: ${TEXI2HTML="texi2html"}
+unset CDPATH
+unset use_texi2html
+
+MANUAL_TITLE=
+PACKAGE=
+EMAIL=webmasters@gnu.org # please override with --email
+commonarg= # passed to all makeinfo/texi2html invcations.
+dirargs= # passed to all tools (-I dir).
+dirs= # -I directories.
+htmlarg="--css-ref=/software/gnulib/manual.css -c TOP_NODE_UP_URL=/manual"
+default_htmlarg=true
+infoarg=--no-split
+generate_ascii=true
+generate_html=true
+generate_info=true
+generate_tex=true
+outdir=manual
+source_extra=
+split=node
+srcfile=
+texarg="-t @finalout"
+
+version="gendocs.sh $scriptversion
+
+Copyright 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+There is NO warranty. You may redistribute this software
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING."
+
+usage="Usage: $prog [OPTION]... PACKAGE MANUAL-TITLE
+
+Generate output in various formats from PACKAGE.texinfo (or .texi or
+.txi) source. See the GNU Maintainers document for a more extensive
+discussion:
+ https://www.gnu.org/prep/maintain_toc.html
+
+Options:
+ --email ADR use ADR as contact in generated web pages; always give this.
+
+ -s SRCFILE read Texinfo from SRCFILE, instead of PACKAGE.{texinfo|texi|txi}
+ -o OUTDIR write files into OUTDIR, instead of manual/.
+ -I DIR append DIR to the Texinfo search path.
+ --common ARG pass ARG in all invocations.
+ --html ARG pass ARG to makeinfo or texi2html for HTML targets,
+ instead of '$htmlarg'.
+ --info ARG pass ARG to makeinfo for Info, instead of --no-split.
+ --no-ascii skip generating the plain text output.
+ --no-html skip generating the html output.
+ --no-info skip generating the info output.
+ --no-tex skip generating the dvi and pdf output.
+ --source ARG include ARG in tar archive of sources.
+ --split HOW make split HTML by node, section, chapter; default node.
+ --tex ARG pass ARG to texi2dvi for DVI and PDF, instead of -t @finalout.
+
+ --texi2html use texi2html to make HTML target, with all split versions.
+ --docbook convert through DocBook too (xml, txt, html, pdf).
+
+ --help display this help and exit successfully.
+ --version display version information and exit successfully.
+
+Simple example: $prog --email bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org emacs \"GNU Emacs Manual\"
+
+Typical sequence:
+ cd PACKAGESOURCE/doc
+ wget \"$scripturl\"
+ wget \"$templateurl\"
+ $prog --email BUGLIST MANUAL \"GNU MANUAL - One-line description\"
+
+Output will be in a new subdirectory \"manual\" (by default;
+use -o OUTDIR to override). Move all the new files into your web CVS
+tree, as explained in the Web Pages node of maintain.texi.
+
+Please use the --email ADDRESS option so your own bug-reporting
+address will be used in the generated HTML pages.
+
+MANUAL-TITLE is included as part of the HTML <title> of the overall
+manual/index.html file. It should include the name of the package being
+documented. manual/index.html is created by substitution from the file
+$GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR/gendocs_template. (Feel free to modify the
+generic template for your own purposes.)
+
+If you have several manuals, you'll need to run this script several
+times with different MANUAL values, specifying a different output
+directory with -o each time. Then write (by hand) an overall index.html
+with links to them all.
+
+If a manual's Texinfo sources are spread across several directories,
+first copy or symlink all Texinfo sources into a single directory.
+(Part of the script's work is to make a tar.gz of the sources.)
+
+As implied above, by default monolithic Info files are generated.
+If you want split Info, or other Info options, use --info to override.
+
+You can set the environment variables MAKEINFO, TEXI2DVI, TEXI2HTML,
+and PERL to control the programs that get executed, and
+GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR to control where the gendocs_template file is
+looked for. With --docbook, the environment variables DOCBOOK2HTML,
+DOCBOOK2PDF, and DOCBOOK2TXT are also consulted.
+
+By default, makeinfo and texi2dvi are run in the default (English)
+locale, since that's the language of most Texinfo manuals. If you
+happen to have a non-English manual and non-English web site, see the
+SETLANG setting in the source.
+
+Email bug reports or enhancement requests to bug-gnulib@gnu.org.
+"
+
+while test $# -gt 0; do
+ case $1 in
+ -s) shift; srcfile=$1;;
+ -o) shift; outdir=$1;;
+ -I) shift; dirargs="$dirargs -I '$1'"; dirs="$dirs $1";;
+ --common) shift; commonarg=$1;;
+ --docbook) docbook=yes;;
+ --email) shift; EMAIL=$1;;
+ --html) shift; default_htmlarg=false; htmlarg=$1;;
+ --info) shift; infoarg=$1;;
+ --no-ascii) generate_ascii=false;;
+ --no-html) generate_ascii=false;;
+ --no-info) generate_info=false;;
+ --no-tex) generate_tex=false;;
+ --source) shift; source_extra=$1;;
+ --split) shift; split=$1;;
+ --tex) shift; texarg=$1;;
+ --texi2html) use_texi2html=1;;
+
+ --help) echo "$usage"; exit 0;;
+ --version) echo "$version"; exit 0;;
+ -*)
+ echo "$0: Unknown option \`$1'." >&2
+ echo "$0: Try \`--help' for more information." >&2
+ exit 1;;
+ *)
+ if test -z "$PACKAGE"; then
+ PACKAGE=$1
+ elif test -z "$MANUAL_TITLE"; then
+ MANUAL_TITLE=$1
+ else
+ echo "$0: extra non-option argument \`$1'." >&2
+ exit 1
+ fi;;
+ esac
+ shift
+done
+
+# makeinfo uses the dirargs, but texi2dvi doesn't.
+commonarg=" $dirargs $commonarg"
+
+# For most of the following, the base name is just $PACKAGE
+base=$PACKAGE
+
+if $default_htmlarg && test -n "$use_texi2html"; then
+ # The legacy texi2html doesn't support TOP_NODE_UP_URL
+ htmlarg="--css-ref=/software/gnulib/manual.css"
+fi
+
+if test -n "$srcfile"; then
+ # but here, we use the basename of $srcfile
+ base=`basename "$srcfile"`
+ case $base in
+ *.txi|*.texi|*.texinfo) base=`echo "$base"|sed 's/\.[texinfo]*$//'`;;
+ esac
+ PACKAGE=$base
+elif test -s "$srcdir/$PACKAGE.texinfo"; then
+ srcfile=$srcdir/$PACKAGE.texinfo
+elif test -s "$srcdir/$PACKAGE.texi"; then
+ srcfile=$srcdir/$PACKAGE.texi
+elif test -s "$srcdir/$PACKAGE.txi"; then
+ srcfile=$srcdir/$PACKAGE.txi
+else
+ echo "$0: cannot find .texinfo or .texi or .txi for $PACKAGE in $srcdir." >&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+if test ! -r $GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR/gendocs_template; then
+ echo "$0: cannot read $GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR/gendocs_template." >&2
+ echo "$0: it is available from $templateurl." >&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+# Function to return size of $1 in something resembling kilobytes.
+calcsize()
+{
+ size=`ls -ksl $1 | awk '{print $1}'`
+ echo $size
+}
+
+# copy_images OUTDIR HTML-FILE...
+# -------------------------------
+# Copy all the images needed by the HTML-FILEs into OUTDIR.
+# Look for them in . and the -I directories; this is simpler than what
+# makeinfo supports with -I, but hopefully it will suffice.
+copy_images()
+{
+ local odir
+ odir=$1
+ shift
+ $PERL -n -e "
+BEGIN {
+ \$me = '$prog';
+ \$odir = '$odir';
+ @dirs = qw(. $dirs);
+}
+" -e '
+/<img src="(.*?)"/g && ++$need{$1};
+
+END {
+ #print "$me: @{[keys %need]}\n"; # for debugging, show images found.
+ FILE: for my $f (keys %need) {
+ for my $d (@dirs) {
+ if (-f "$d/$f") {
+ use File::Basename;
+ my $dest = dirname ("$odir/$f");
+ #
+ use File::Path;
+ -d $dest || mkpath ($dest)
+ || die "$me: cannot mkdir $dest: $!\n";
+ #
+ use File::Copy;
+ copy ("$d/$f", $dest)
+ || die "$me: cannot copy $d/$f to $dest: $!\n";
+ next FILE;
+ }
+ }
+ die "$me: $ARGV: cannot find image $f\n";
+ }
+}
+' -- "$@" || exit 1
+}
+
+case $outdir in
+ /*) abs_outdir=$outdir;;
+ *) abs_outdir=$srcdir/$outdir;;
+esac
+
+echo "Making output for $srcfile"
+echo " in `pwd`"
+mkdir -p "$outdir/"
+
+#
+if $generate_info; then
+ cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO -o $PACKAGE.info $commonarg $infoarg \"$srcfile\""
+ echo "Generating info... ($cmd)"
+ rm -f $PACKAGE.info* # get rid of any strays
+ eval "$cmd"
+ tar czf "$outdir/$PACKAGE.info.tar.gz" $PACKAGE.info*
+ ls -l "$outdir/$PACKAGE.info.tar.gz"
+ info_tgz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE.info.tar.gz"`
+ # do not mv the info files, there's no point in having them available
+ # separately on the web.
+fi # end info
+
+#
+if $generate_tex; then
+ cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2DVI $dirargs $texarg \"$srcfile\""
+ printf "\nGenerating dvi... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ # compress/finish dvi:
+ gzip -f -9 $PACKAGE.dvi
+ dvi_gz_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.dvi.gz`
+ mv $PACKAGE.dvi.gz "$outdir/"
+ ls -l "$outdir/$PACKAGE.dvi.gz"
+
+ cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2DVI --pdf $dirargs $texarg \"$srcfile\""
+ printf "\nGenerating pdf... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ pdf_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.pdf`
+ mv $PACKAGE.pdf "$outdir/"
+ ls -l "$outdir/$PACKAGE.pdf"
+fi # end tex (dvi + pdf)
+
+#
+if $generate_ascii; then
+ opt="-o $PACKAGE.txt --no-split --no-headers $commonarg"
+ cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\""
+ printf "\nGenerating ascii... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ ascii_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.txt`
+ gzip -f -9 -c $PACKAGE.txt >"$outdir/$PACKAGE.txt.gz"
+ ascii_gz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE.txt.gz"`
+ mv $PACKAGE.txt "$outdir/"
+ ls -l "$outdir/$PACKAGE.txt" "$outdir/$PACKAGE.txt.gz"
+fi
+
+#
+
+if $generate_html; then
+# Split HTML at level $1. Used for texi2html.
+html_split()
+{
+ opt="--split=$1 --node-files $commonarg $htmlarg"
+ cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2HTML --output $PACKAGE.html $opt \"$srcfile\""
+ printf "\nGenerating html by $1... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ split_html_dir=$PACKAGE.html
+ (
+ cd ${split_html_dir} || exit 1
+ ln -sf ${PACKAGE}.html index.html
+ tar -czf "$abs_outdir/${PACKAGE}.html_$1.tar.gz" -- *.html
+ )
+ eval html_$1_tgz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/${PACKAGE}.html_$1.tar.gz"`
+ rm -f "$outdir"/html_$1/*.html
+ mkdir -p "$outdir/html_$1/"
+ mv ${split_html_dir}/*.html "$outdir/html_$1/"
+ rmdir ${split_html_dir}
+}
+
+if test -z "$use_texi2html"; then
+ opt="--no-split --html -o $PACKAGE.html $commonarg $htmlarg"
+ cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\""
+ printf "\nGenerating monolithic html... ($cmd)\n"
+ rm -rf $PACKAGE.html # in case a directory is left over
+ eval "$cmd"
+ html_mono_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.html`
+ gzip -f -9 -c $PACKAGE.html >"$outdir/$PACKAGE.html.gz"
+ html_mono_gz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE.html.gz"`
+ copy_images "$outdir/" $PACKAGE.html
+ mv $PACKAGE.html "$outdir/"
+ ls -l "$outdir/$PACKAGE.html" "$outdir/$PACKAGE.html.gz"
+
+ # Before Texinfo 5.0, makeinfo did not accept a --split=HOW option,
+ # it just always split by node. So if we're splitting by node anyway,
+ # leave it out.
+ if test "x$split" = xnode; then
+ split_arg=
+ else
+ split_arg=--split=$split
+ fi
+ #
+ opt="--html -o $PACKAGE.html $split_arg $commonarg $htmlarg"
+ cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\""
+ printf "\nGenerating html by $split... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ split_html_dir=$PACKAGE.html
+ copy_images $split_html_dir/ $split_html_dir/*.html
+ (
+ cd $split_html_dir || exit 1
+ tar -czf "$abs_outdir/$PACKAGE.html_$split.tar.gz" -- *
+ )
+ eval \
+ html_${split}_tgz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE.html_$split.tar.gz"`
+ rm -rf "$outdir/html_$split/"
+ mv $split_html_dir "$outdir/html_$split/"
+ du -s "$outdir/html_$split/"
+ ls -l "$outdir/$PACKAGE.html_$split.tar.gz"
+
+else # use texi2html:
+ opt="--output $PACKAGE.html $commonarg $htmlarg"
+ cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2HTML $opt \"$srcfile\""
+ printf "\nGenerating monolithic html with texi2html... ($cmd)\n"
+ rm -rf $PACKAGE.html # in case a directory is left over
+ eval "$cmd"
+ html_mono_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.html`
+ gzip -f -9 -c $PACKAGE.html >"$outdir/$PACKAGE.html.gz"
+ html_mono_gz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE.html.gz"`
+ mv $PACKAGE.html "$outdir/"
+
+ html_split node
+ html_split chapter
+ html_split section
+fi
+fi # end html
+
+#
+printf "\nMaking .tar.gz for sources...\n"
+d=`dirname $srcfile`
+(
+ cd "$d"
+ srcfiles=`ls -d *.texinfo *.texi *.txi *.eps $source_extra 2>/dev/null` || true
+ tar czfh "$abs_outdir/$PACKAGE.texi.tar.gz" $srcfiles
+ ls -l "$abs_outdir/$PACKAGE.texi.tar.gz"
+)
+texi_tgz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE.texi.tar.gz"`
+
+#
+# Do everything again through docbook.
+if test -n "$docbook"; then
+ opt="-o - --docbook $commonarg"
+ cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\" >${srcdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml"
+ printf "\nGenerating docbook XML... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ docbook_xml_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE-db.xml`
+ gzip -f -9 -c $PACKAGE-db.xml >"$outdir/$PACKAGE-db.xml.gz"
+ docbook_xml_gz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE-db.xml.gz"`
+ mv $PACKAGE-db.xml "$outdir/"
+
+ split_html_db_dir=html_node_db
+ opt="$commonarg -o $split_html_db_dir"
+ cmd="$DOCBOOK2HTML $opt \"${outdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml\""
+ printf "\nGenerating docbook HTML... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ (
+ cd ${split_html_db_dir} || exit 1
+ tar -czf "$abs_outdir/${PACKAGE}.html_node_db.tar.gz" -- *.html
+ )
+ html_node_db_tgz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/${PACKAGE}.html_node_db.tar.gz"`
+ rm -f "$outdir"/html_node_db/*.html
+ mkdir -p "$outdir/html_node_db"
+ mv ${split_html_db_dir}/*.html "$outdir/html_node_db/"
+ rmdir ${split_html_db_dir}
+
+ cmd="$DOCBOOK2TXT \"${outdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml\""
+ printf "\nGenerating docbook ASCII... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ docbook_ascii_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE-db.txt`
+ mv $PACKAGE-db.txt "$outdir/"
+
+ cmd="$DOCBOOK2PDF \"${outdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml\""
+ printf "\nGenerating docbook PDF... ($cmd)\n"
+ eval "$cmd"
+ docbook_pdf_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE-db.pdf`
+ mv $PACKAGE-db.pdf "$outdir/"
+fi
+
+#
+printf "\nMaking index.html for $PACKAGE...\n"
+if test -z "$use_texi2html"; then
+ CONDS="/%%IF *HTML_SECTION%%/,/%%ENDIF *HTML_SECTION%%/d;\
+ /%%IF *HTML_CHAPTER%%/,/%%ENDIF *HTML_CHAPTER%%/d"
+else
+ # should take account of --split here.
+ CONDS="/%%ENDIF.*%%/d;/%%IF *HTML_SECTION%%/d;/%%IF *HTML_CHAPTER%%/d"
+fi
+
+curdate=`$SETLANG date '+%B %d, %Y'`
+sed \
+ -e "s!%%TITLE%%!$MANUAL_TITLE!g" \
+ -e "s!%%EMAIL%%!$EMAIL!g" \
+ -e "s!%%PACKAGE%%!$PACKAGE!g" \
+ -e "s!%%DATE%%!$curdate!g" \
+ -e "s!%%HTML_MONO_SIZE%%!$html_mono_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%HTML_MONO_GZ_SIZE%%!$html_mono_gz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%HTML_NODE_TGZ_SIZE%%!$html_node_tgz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%HTML_SECTION_TGZ_SIZE%%!$html_section_tgz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%HTML_CHAPTER_TGZ_SIZE%%!$html_chapter_tgz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%INFO_TGZ_SIZE%%!$info_tgz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%DVI_GZ_SIZE%%!$dvi_gz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%PDF_SIZE%%!$pdf_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%ASCII_SIZE%%!$ascii_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%ASCII_GZ_SIZE%%!$ascii_gz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%TEXI_TGZ_SIZE%%!$texi_tgz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%DOCBOOK_HTML_NODE_TGZ_SIZE%%!$html_node_db_tgz_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%DOCBOOK_ASCII_SIZE%%!$docbook_ascii_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%DOCBOOK_PDF_SIZE%%!$docbook_pdf_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%DOCBOOK_XML_SIZE%%!$docbook_xml_size!g" \
+ -e "s!%%DOCBOOK_XML_GZ_SIZE%%!$docbook_xml_gz_size!g" \
+ -e "s,%%SCRIPTURL%%,$scripturl,g" \
+ -e "s!%%SCRIPTNAME%%!$prog!g" \
+ -e "$CONDS" \
+$GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR/gendocs_template >"$outdir/index.html"
+
+echo "Done, see $outdir/ subdirectory for new files."
+
+# Local variables:
+# eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp)
+# time-stamp-start: "scriptversion="
+# time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H"
+# time-stamp-end: "$"
+# End:
diff --git a/doc/it/gendocs_template b/doc/it/gendocs_template
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..cd9ac383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/it/gendocs_template
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.78 -->
+
+<!--
+Copyright (C) 2006-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
+without any warranty.
+-->
+
+<title>%%TITLE%% - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>%%TITLE%%</h2>
+
+<address>Free Software Foundation</address>
+<address>last updated %%DATE%%</address>
+
+<p>This manual (%%PACKAGE%%) is available in the following formats:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.html">HTML
+ (%%HTML_MONO_SIZE%%K bytes)</a> - entirely on one web page.</li>
+<li><a href="html_node/index.html">HTML</a> - with one web page per
+ node.</li>
+%%IF HTML_SECTION%%
+<li><a href="html_section/index.html">HTML</a> - with one web page per
+ section.</li>
+%%ENDIF HTML_SECTION%%
+%%IF HTML_CHAPTER%%
+<li><a href="html_chapter/index.html">HTML</a> - with one web page per
+ chapter.</li>
+%%ENDIF HTML_CHAPTER%%
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.html.gz">HTML compressed
+ (%%HTML_MONO_GZ_SIZE%%K gzipped characters)</a> - entirely on
+ one web page.</li>
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.html_node.tar.gz">HTML compressed
+ (%%HTML_NODE_TGZ_SIZE%%K gzipped tar file)</a> -
+ with one web page per node.</li>
+%%IF HTML_SECTION%%
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.html_section.tar.gz">HTML compressed
+ (%%HTML_SECTION_TGZ_SIZE%%K gzipped tar file)</a> -
+ with one web page per section.</li>
+%%ENDIF HTML_SECTION%%
+%%IF HTML_CHAPTER%%
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.html_chapter.tar.gz">HTML compressed
+ (%%HTML_CHAPTER_TGZ_SIZE%%K gzipped tar file)</a> -
+ with one web page per chapter.</li>
+%%ENDIF HTML_CHAPTER%%
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.info.tar.gz">Info document
+ (%%INFO_TGZ_SIZE%%K bytes gzipped tar file)</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.txt">ASCII text
+ (%%ASCII_SIZE%%K bytes)</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.txt.gz">ASCII text compressed
+ (%%ASCII_GZ_SIZE%%K bytes gzipped)</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.dvi.gz">TeX dvi file
+ (%%DVI_GZ_SIZE%%K bytes gzipped)</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.pdf">PDF file
+ (%%PDF_SIZE%%K bytes)</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="%%PACKAGE%%.texi.tar.gz">Texinfo source
+ (%%TEXI_TGZ_SIZE%%K bytes gzipped tar file).</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>You can <a href="https://shop.fsf.org/">buy printed copies of
+some manuals</a> (among other items) from the Free Software Foundation;
+this helps support FSF activities.</p>
+
+<p>(This page generated by the <a href="%%SCRIPTURL%%">%%SCRIPTNAME%%
+script</a>.)</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:%%EMAIL%%">&lt;%%EMAIL%%&gt;</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/doc/it/genera_formati.sh b/doc/it/genera_formati.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..66540f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/it/genera_formati.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+:
+# questo script, eseguito in questa directory
+# genera tutti i formati della documentazione gawk
+# che si possono ricavare a partire
+# da gawktexi.in, nella directory ./manual
+#
+# dapprima si prepara il file di input (gawk.texi)
+#
+awk -f sidebar.awk < gawktexi.in > gawk.texi
+#
+# poi si invoca lo script che genera i vari formati
+#
+./gendocs.sh gawk gawk
diff --git a/doc/it/texinfo.tex b/doc/it/texinfo.tex
index 68153132..b59c81cf 100644..100755
--- a/doc/it/texinfo.tex
+++ b/doc/it/texinfo.tex
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
% Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
\expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
%
-\def\texinfoversion{2020-10-24.12}
+\def\texinfoversion{2021-02-20.11}
%
-% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
%
% This texinfo.tex file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
\def\bigbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount
\removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi\fi}
-% Output routine
+% Output routine
%
% For a final copy, take out the rectangles
@@ -588,10 +588,9 @@
\fi
}
-% @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo.
-% But first, it executes a specialized version of \checkenv
-%
-\parseargdef\end{%
+
+% @end foo calls \checkenv and executes the definition of \Efoo.
+\parseargdef\end{
\if 1\csname iscond.#1\endcsname
\else
% The general wording of \badenverr may not be ideal.
@@ -2689,8 +2688,6 @@ end
\definetextfontsizexi
-\message{markup,}
-
% Check if we are currently using a typewriter font. Since all the
% Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and
% shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have
@@ -2698,68 +2695,14 @@ end
%
\def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt }
-% Markup style infrastructure. \defmarkupstylesetup\INITMACRO will
-% define and register \INITMACRO to be called on markup style changes.
-% \INITMACRO can check \currentmarkupstyle for the innermost
-% style.
-
-\let\currentmarkupstyle\empty
-
-\def\setupmarkupstyle#1{%
- \def\currentmarkupstyle{#1}%
- \markupstylesetup
-}
-
-\let\markupstylesetup\empty
-
-\def\defmarkupstylesetup#1{%
- \expandafter\def\expandafter\markupstylesetup
- \expandafter{\markupstylesetup #1}%
- \def#1%
-}
-
-% Markup style setup for left and right quotes.
-\defmarkupstylesetup\markupsetuplq{%
- \expandafter\let\expandafter \temp
- \csname markupsetuplq\currentmarkupstyle\endcsname
- \ifx\temp\relax \markupsetuplqdefault \else \temp \fi
-}
-
-\defmarkupstylesetup\markupsetuprq{%
- \expandafter\let\expandafter \temp
- \csname markupsetuprq\currentmarkupstyle\endcsname
- \ifx\temp\relax \markupsetuprqdefault \else \temp \fi
-}
-
{
\catcode`\'=\active
\catcode`\`=\active
-\gdef\markupsetuplqdefault{\let`\lq}
-\gdef\markupsetuprqdefault{\let'\rq}
-
-\gdef\markupsetcodequoteleft{\let`\codequoteleft}
-\gdef\markupsetcodequoteright{\let'\codequoteright}
+\gdef\setcodequotes{\let`\codequoteleft \let'\codequoteright}
+\gdef\setregularquotes{\let`\lq \let'\rq}
}
-\let\markupsetuplqcode \markupsetcodequoteleft
-\let\markupsetuprqcode \markupsetcodequoteright
-%
-\let\markupsetuplqexample \markupsetcodequoteleft
-\let\markupsetuprqexample \markupsetcodequoteright
-%
-\let\markupsetuplqkbd \markupsetcodequoteleft
-\let\markupsetuprqkbd \markupsetcodequoteright
-%
-\let\markupsetuplqsamp \markupsetcodequoteleft
-\let\markupsetuprqsamp \markupsetcodequoteright
-%
-\let\markupsetuplqverb \markupsetcodequoteleft
-\let\markupsetuprqverb \markupsetcodequoteright
-%
-\let\markupsetuplqverbatim \markupsetcodequoteleft
-\let\markupsetuprqverbatim \markupsetcodequoteright
-
% Allow an option to not use regular directed right quote/apostrophe
% (char 0x27), but instead the undirected quote from cmtt (char 0x0d).
% The undirected quote is ugly, so don't make it the default, but it
@@ -2922,7 +2865,7 @@ end
}
% @samp.
-\def\samp#1{{\setupmarkupstyle{samp}\lq\tclose{#1}\rq\null}}
+\def\samp#1{{\setcodequotes\lq\tclose{#1}\rq\null}}
% @indicateurl is \samp, that is, with quotes.
\let\indicateurl=\samp
@@ -2965,8 +2908,7 @@ end
\global\let'=\rq \global\let`=\lq % default definitions
%
\global\def\code{\begingroup
- \setupmarkupstyle{code}%
- % The following should really be moved into \setupmarkupstyle handlers.
+ \setcodequotes
\catcode\dashChar=\active \catcode\underChar=\active
\ifallowcodebreaks
\let-\codedash
@@ -3120,7 +3062,7 @@ end
\urefcatcodes
%
\global\def\urefcode{\begingroup
- \setupmarkupstyle{code}%
+ \setcodequotes
\urefcatcodes
\let&\urefcodeamp
\let.\urefcodedot
@@ -3241,8 +3183,8 @@ end
\def\kbdsub#1#2#3\par{%
\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}%
\ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}%
- \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setupmarkupstyle{kbd}\look}}\fi
- \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setupmarkupstyle{kbd}\look}}\fi
+ \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setcodequotes\look}}\fi
+ \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setcodequotes\look}}\fi
}
% definition of @key that produces a lozenge. Doesn't adjust to text size.
@@ -3259,7 +3201,7 @@ end
% monospace, don't change it; that way, we respect @kbdinputstyle. But
% if it isn't monospace, then use \tt.
%
-\def\key#1{{\setupmarkupstyle{key}%
+\def\key#1{{\setregularquotes
\nohyphenation
\ifmonospace\else\tt\fi
#1}\null}
@@ -3389,16 +3331,20 @@ end
{\obeylines
\globaldefs=1
\envdef\displaymath{%
-\tex
+\tex%
\def\thisenv{\displaymath}%
+\begingroup\let\end\displaymathend%
$$%
}
-\def\Edisplaymath{$$
+\def\displaymathend{$$\endgroup\end}%
+
+\def\Edisplaymath{%
\def\thisenv{\tex}%
\end tex
}}
+
% @inlinefmt{FMTNAME,PROCESSED-TEXT} and @inlineraw{FMTNAME,RAW-TEXT}.
% Ignore unless FMTNAME == tex; then it is like @iftex and @tex,
% except specified as a normal braced arg, so no newlines to worry about.
@@ -7163,7 +7109,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
% But \@ or @@ will get a plain @ character.
\envdef\tex{%
- \setupmarkupstyle{tex}%
+ \setregularquotes
\catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
\catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6
\catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=\active \let~=\tie
@@ -7389,7 +7335,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
% If you want all examples etc. small: @set dispenvsize small.
% If you want even small examples the full size: @set dispenvsize nosmall.
% This affects the following displayed environments:
-% @example, @display, @format, @lisp
+% @example, @display, @format, @lisp, @verbatim
%
\def\smallword{small}
\def\nosmallword{nosmall}
@@ -7435,9 +7381,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
%
\maketwodispenvdef{lisp}{example}{%
\nonfillstart
- \tt\setupmarkupstyle{example}%
+ \tt\setcodequotes
\let\kbdfont = \kbdexamplefont % Allow @kbd to do something special.
- \gobble % eat return
+ \parsearg\gobble
}
% @display/@smalldisplay: same as @lisp except keep current font.
%
@@ -7595,7 +7541,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\def\setupverb{%
\tt % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
\def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}%
- \setupmarkupstyle{verb}%
+ \setcodequotes
\tabeightspaces
% Respect line breaks,
% print special symbols as themselves, and
@@ -7636,7 +7582,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\tt % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
\def\par{\egroup\leavevmode\box\verbbox\endgraf\starttabbox}%
\tabexpand
- \setupmarkupstyle{verbatim}%
+ \setcodequotes
% Respect line breaks,
% print special symbols as themselves, and
% make each space count.
@@ -8055,7 +8001,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
% leave the code in, but it's strange for @var to lead to typewriter.
% Nowadays we recommend @code, since the difference between a ttsl hyphen
% and a tt hyphen is pretty tiny. @code also disables ?` !`.
- \def\var##1{{\setupmarkupstyle{var}\ttslanted{##1}}}%
+ \def\var##1{{\setregularquotes\ttslanted{##1}}}%
#1%
\sl\hyphenchar\font=45
}
@@ -8164,11 +8110,18 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
}
\fi
+\let\E=\expandafter
+
% Used at the time of macro expansion.
% Argument is macro body with arguments substituted
\def\scanmacro#1{%
\newlinechar`\^^M
- \def\xeatspaces{\eatspaces}%
+ % expand the expansion of \eatleadingcr twice to maybe remove a leading
+ % newline (and \else and \fi tokens), then call \eatspaces on the result.
+ \def\xeatspaces##1{%
+ \E\E\E\E\E\E\E\eatspaces\E\E\E\E\E\E\E{\eatleadingcr##1%
+ }}%
+ \def\xempty##1{}%
%
% Process the macro body under the current catcode regime.
\scantokens{#1@comment}%
@@ -8221,6 +8174,11 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\unbrace{\gdef\trim@@@ #1 } #2@{#1}
}
+{\catcode`\^^M=\other%
+\gdef\eatleadingcr#1{\if\noexpand#1\noexpand^^M\else\E#1\fi}}%
+% Warning: this won't work for a delimited argument
+% or for an empty argument
+
% Trim a single trailing ^^M off a string.
{\catcode`\^^M=\other \catcode`\Q=3%
\gdef\eatcr #1{\eatcra #1Q^^MQ}%
@@ -8387,6 +8345,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\let\hash\relax
% \hash is redefined to `#' later to get it into definitions
\let\xeatspaces\relax
+ \let\xempty\relax
\parsemargdefxxx#1,;,%
\ifnum\paramno<10\relax\else
\paramno0\relax
@@ -8398,9 +8357,11 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\else \let\next=\parsemargdefxxx
\advance\paramno by 1
\expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname
- {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno}}%
+ {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno\noexpand\xempty{}}}%
\edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno,}%
\fi\next}
+% the \xempty{} is to give \eatleadingcr an argument in the case of an
+% empty macro argument.
% \parsemacbody, \parsermacbody
%
@@ -8989,7 +8950,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\else
\ifhavexrefs
% We (should) know the real title if we have the xref values.
- \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}{}}%
+ \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}}%
\else
% Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
\def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
@@ -9083,7 +9044,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
% If the user specified the print name (third arg) to the ref,
% print it instead of our usual "Figure 1.2".
\ifdim\wd\printedrefnamebox = 0pt
- \refx{#1-snt}{}%
+ \refx{#1-snt}%
\else
\printedrefname
\fi
@@ -9118,28 +9079,30 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\else
% Reference within this manual.
%
- % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty; for
- % @unnumbered and @anchor, it won't be.
- \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}{}}%
+ % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty, as the ref
+ % will be empty for @unnumbered and @anchor.
+ \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}}%
\ifdim \wd2 > 0pt \refx{#1-snt}\space\fi
%
% output the `[mynode]' via the macro below so it can be overridden.
\xrefprintnodename\printedrefname
%
- % But we always want a comma and a space:
- ,\space
- %
- % output the `page 3'.
- \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}%
- % Add a , if xref followed by a space
- \if\space\noexpand\tokenafterxref ,%
- \else\ifx\ \tokenafterxref ,% @TAB
- \else\ifx\*\tokenafterxref ,% @*
- \else\ifx\ \tokenafterxref ,% @SPACE
- \else\ifx\
- \tokenafterxref ,% @NL
- \else\ifx\tie\tokenafterxref ,% @tie
- \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiomitxrefpg\endcsname\relax
+ % But we always want a comma and a space:
+ ,\space
+ %
+ % output the `page 3'.
+ \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}%
+ % Add a , if xref followed by a space
+ \if\space\noexpand\tokenafterxref ,%
+ \else\ifx\ \tokenafterxref ,% @TAB
+ \else\ifx\*\tokenafterxref ,% @*
+ \else\ifx\ \tokenafterxref ,% @SPACE
+ \else\ifx\
+ \tokenafterxref ,% @NL
+ \else\ifx\tie\tokenafterxref ,% @tie
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \fi
\fi\fi
\fi
\endlink
@@ -9206,9 +9169,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\fi\fi\fi
}
-% \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} - reference a cross-reference string named NAME. SUFFIX
-% is output afterwards if non-empty.
-\def\refx#1#2{%
+% \refx{NAME} - reference a cross-reference string named NAME.
+\def\refx#1{%
\requireauxfile
{%
\indexnofonts
@@ -9235,7 +9197,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
% It's defined, so just use it.
\thisrefX
\fi
- #2% Output the suffix in any case.
}
% This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file. Define a control
@@ -9345,10 +9306,10 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\catcode`\[=\other
\catcode`\]=\other
\catcode`\"=\other
- \catcode`\_=\other
- \catcode`\|=\other
- \catcode`\<=\other
- \catcode`\>=\other
+ \catcode`\_=\active
+ \catcode`\|=\active
+ \catcode`\<=\active
+ \catcode`\>=\active
\catcode`\$=\other
\catcode`\#=\other
\catcode`\&=\other
@@ -9569,7 +9530,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
\def\imagexxx#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6\finish{\begingroup
\catcode`\^^M = 5 % in case we're inside an example
\normalturnoffactive % allow _ et al. in names
- \def\xprocessmacroarg{\eatspaces}% in case we are being used via a macro
+ \makevalueexpandable
% If the image is by itself, center it.
\ifvmode
\imagevmodetrue
@@ -11622,7 +11583,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
\let> = \activegtr
\let~ = \activetilde
\let^ = \activehat
- \markupsetuplqdefault \markupsetuprqdefault
+ \setregularquotes
\let\b = \strong
\let\i = \smartitalic
% in principle, all other definitions in \tex have to be undone too.
@@ -11681,8 +11642,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
@let|=@normalverticalbar
@let~=@normaltilde
@let\=@ttbackslash
- @markupsetuplqdefault
- @markupsetuprqdefault
+ @setregularquotes
@unsepspaces
}
}
@@ -11775,8 +11735,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
@c Do this last of all since we use ` in the previous @catcode assignments.
@catcode`@'=@active
@catcode`@`=@active
-@markupsetuplqdefault
-@markupsetuprqdefault
+@setregularquotes
@c Local variables:
@c eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp)
diff --git a/doc/wordlist b/doc/wordlist
index 95ca8a75..be7655ec 100644
--- a/doc/wordlist
+++ b/doc/wordlist
@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ NR
NT
NUMCUR
NaN
+NaNs
Nachum
Neacsu
Neacsu's
diff --git a/eval.c b/eval.c
index 9e644523..640f939f 100644
--- a/eval.c
+++ b/eval.c
@@ -25,10 +25,8 @@
*/
#include "awk.h"
+#include <math.h>
-extern double pow(double x, double y);
-extern double modf(double x, double *yp);
-extern double fmod(double x, double y);
NODE **fcall_list = NULL;
long fcall_count = 0;
int currule = 0;
@@ -1521,18 +1519,17 @@ eval_condition(NODE *t)
return boolval(t);
}
-typedef enum {
- SCALAR_EQ_NEQ,
- SCALAR_RELATIONAL
-} scalar_cmp_t;
+static bool cmp_doubles(const NODE *t1, const NODE *t2, scalar_cmp_t comparison_type);
+extern bool mpg_cmp_as_numbers(const NODE *t1, const NODE *t2, scalar_cmp_t comparison_type);
/* cmp_scalars -- compare two nodes on the stack */
-static inline int
+static bool
cmp_scalars(scalar_cmp_t comparison_type)
{
NODE *t1, *t2;
int di;
+ bool ret;
t2 = POP_SCALAR();
t1 = TOP();
@@ -1540,12 +1537,91 @@ cmp_scalars(scalar_cmp_t comparison_type)
DEREF(t2);
fatal(_("attempt to use array `%s' in a scalar context"), array_vname(t1));
}
- di = cmp_nodes(t1, t2, comparison_type == SCALAR_EQ_NEQ);
+
+ if ((t1->flags & STRING) != 0 || (t2->flags & STRING) != 0) {
+ bool use_strcmp = (comparison_type == SCALAR_EQ || comparison_type == SCALAR_NEQ);
+ di = cmp_nodes(t1, t2, use_strcmp);
+
+ switch (comparison_type) {
+ case SCALAR_EQ:
+ ret = (di == 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_NEQ:
+ ret = (di != 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_LT:
+ ret = (di < 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_LE:
+ ret = (di <= 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_GT:
+ ret = (di > 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_GE:
+ ret = (di >= 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ } else {
+ fixtype(t1);
+ fixtype(t2);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_MPFR
+ if (do_mpfr)
+ ret = mpg_cmp_as_numbers(t1, t2, comparison_type);
+ else
+#endif
+ ret = cmp_doubles(t1, t2, comparison_type);
+ }
+
DEREF(t1);
DEREF(t2);
- return di;
+ return ret;
}
+
+/* cmp_doubles --- compare two doubles */
+
+static bool
+cmp_doubles(const NODE *t1, const NODE *t2, scalar_cmp_t comparison_type)
+{
+ /*
+ * This routine provides numeric comparisons that should work
+ * the same as in C. It should NOT be used for sorting.
+ */
+
+ bool t1_nan = isnan(t1->numbr);
+ bool t2_nan = isnan(t2->numbr);
+ int ret;
+
+ if ((t1_nan || t2_nan) && comparison_type != SCALAR_NEQ)
+ return false;
+
+ switch (comparison_type) {
+ case SCALAR_EQ:
+ ret = (t1->numbr == t2->numbr);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_NEQ:
+ ret = (t1->numbr != t2->numbr);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_LT:
+ ret = (t1->numbr < t2->numbr);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_LE:
+ ret = (t1->numbr <= t2->numbr);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_GT:
+ ret = (t1->numbr > t2->numbr);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_GE:
+ ret = (t1->numbr >= t2->numbr);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
/* op_assign --- assignment operators excluding = */
static void
diff --git a/interpret.h b/interpret.h
index 2ed4f01a..3525951c 100644
--- a/interpret.h
+++ b/interpret.h
@@ -482,37 +482,37 @@ uninitialized_scalar:
break;
case Op_equal:
- r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_EQ_NEQ) == 0];
+ r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_EQ)];
UPREF(r);
REPLACE(r);
break;
case Op_notequal:
- r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_EQ_NEQ) != 0];
+ r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_NEQ)];
UPREF(r);
REPLACE(r);
break;
case Op_less:
- r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_RELATIONAL) < 0];
+ r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_LT)];
UPREF(r);
REPLACE(r);
break;
case Op_greater:
- r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_RELATIONAL) > 0];
+ r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_GT)];
UPREF(r);
REPLACE(r);
break;
case Op_leq:
- r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_RELATIONAL) <= 0];
+ r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_LE)];
UPREF(r);
REPLACE(r);
break;
case Op_geq:
- r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_RELATIONAL) >= 0];
+ r = node_Boolean[cmp_scalars(SCALAR_GE)];
UPREF(r);
REPLACE(r);
break;
diff --git a/mpfr.c b/mpfr.c
index cabc3910..6b8f9c93 100644
--- a/mpfr.c
+++ b/mpfr.c
@@ -476,6 +476,50 @@ mpg_cmp(const NODE *t1, const NODE *t2)
return cmp_awknums(t1, t2);
}
+/* mpg_cmp_as_numbers --- compare two numbers, similar to doubles */
+
+bool
+mpg_cmp_as_numbers(const NODE *t1, const NODE *t2, scalar_cmp_t comparison_type)
+{
+ /*
+ * This routine provides numeric comparisons that should work
+ * the same as in C. It should NOT be used for sorting.
+ */
+
+ bool t1_nan = mpfr_nan_p(t1->mpg_numbr);
+ bool t2_nan = mpfr_nan_p(t2->mpg_numbr);
+ int ret;
+
+ // MPFR is different than native doubles...
+ if (t1_nan || t2_nan)
+ return comparison_type == SCALAR_NEQ;
+
+ int di = mpg_cmp(t1, t2);
+
+ switch (comparison_type) {
+ case SCALAR_EQ:
+ ret = (di == 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_NEQ:
+ ret = (di != 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_LT:
+ ret = (di < 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_LE:
+ ret = (di <= 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_GT:
+ ret = (di > 0);
+ break;
+ case SCALAR_GE:
+ ret = (di >= 0);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
/*
* mpg_update_var --- update NR or FNR.
diff --git a/node.c b/node.c
index 12d7a046..c22c06ab 100644
--- a/node.c
+++ b/node.c
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ int
cmp_awknums(const NODE *t1, const NODE *t2)
{
/*
- * This routine is also used to sort numeric array indices or values.
+ * This routine is used to sort numeric array indices or values.
* For the purposes of sorting, NaN is considered greater than
* any other value, and all NaN values are considered equivalent and equal.
* This isn't in compliance with IEEE standard, but compliance w.r.t. NaN
@@ -390,7 +390,6 @@ cmp_awknums(const NODE *t1, const NODE *t2)
return 1;
}
-
/* make_str_node --- make a string node */
NODE *
diff --git a/str_array.c b/str_array.c
index 84bd2f02..215a52fd 100644
--- a/str_array.c
+++ b/str_array.c
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ static void grow_table(NODE *symbol);
static unsigned long gst_hash_string(const char *str, size_t len, unsigned long hsize, size_t *code);
static unsigned long scramble(unsigned long x);
+static unsigned long fnv1a_hash_string(const char *str, size_t len, unsigned long hsize, size_t *code);
static unsigned long awk_hash(const char *s, size_t len, unsigned long hsize, size_t *code);
unsigned long (*hash)(const char *s, size_t len, unsigned long hsize, size_t *code) = awk_hash;
@@ -111,8 +112,13 @@ str_array_init(NODE *symbol ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, NODE *subs ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
/* check relevant environment variables */
if ((newval = getenv_long("STR_CHAIN_MAX")) > 0)
STR_CHAIN_MAX = newval;
- if ((val = getenv("AWK_HASH")) != NULL && strcmp(val, "gst") == 0)
- hash = gst_hash_string;
+
+ if ((val = getenv("AWK_HASH")) != NULL) {
+ if (strcmp(val, "gst") == 0)
+ hash = gst_hash_string;
+ else if (strcmp(val, "fnv1a") == 0)
+ hash = fnv1a_hash_string;
+ }
} else
null_array(symbol);
@@ -772,6 +778,34 @@ scramble(unsigned long x)
return x;
}
+/* fnv1a_hash_string --- fnv1a hash function */
+
+/*
+ * FNV-1a hash function
+ * http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html
+ */
+
+static unsigned long
+fnv1a_hash_string(const char *str, size_t len, unsigned long hsize, size_t *code)
+{
+ /* FNV-1a */
+ register unsigned ret = 2166136261U;
+
+ while (len > 0) {
+ ret ^= (unsigned char) (*str++);
+ ret *= 16777619U;
+ len-- ;
+ }
+
+ if (code != NULL)
+ *code = ret;
+
+ if (ret >= hsize)
+ ret %= hsize;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
/* env_remove --- for ENVIRON, remove value from real environment */
static NODE **
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2025-05-04 19:35:38 +0000