diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/ChangeLog | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1161 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.texi | 104 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawktexi.in | 104 |
4 files changed, 695 insertions, 678 deletions
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog index f6c1eaf0..63f6cd02 100644 --- a/doc/ChangeLog +++ b/doc/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +2015-01-21 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> + + * gawktexi.in: O'Reilly fixes. + 2015-01-20 Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com> * gawktexi.in: O'Reilly fixes. diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index b81c0700..de004225 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -2277,9 +2277,10 @@ built-in functions for working with timestamps, performing bit manipulation, for runtime string translation (internationalization), determining the type of a variable, and array sorting. - As we develop our presentation of the `awk' language, we introduce -most of the variables and many of the functions. They are described -systematically in *note Built-in Variables::, and in *note Built-in::. + As we develop our presentation of the `awk' language, we will +introduce most of the variables and many of the functions. They are +described systematically in *note Built-in Variables::, and in *note +Built-in::. File: gawk.info, Node: When, Next: Intro Summary, Prev: Other Features, Up: Getting Started @@ -2344,7 +2345,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Intro Summary, Prev: When, Up: Getting Started * You may use backslash continuation to continue a source line. Lines are automatically continued after a comma, open brace, - question mark, colon, `||', `&&', `do' and `else'. + question mark, colon, `||', `&&', `do', and `else'. File: gawk.info, Node: Invoking Gawk, Next: Regexp, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top @@ -2411,8 +2412,8 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Options, Next: Other Arguments, Prev: Command Line, U Options begin with a dash and consist of a single character. GNU-style long options consist of two dashes and a keyword. The keyword can be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation allows the option to be -uniquely identified. If the option takes an argument, then the keyword -is either immediately followed by an equals sign (`=') and the +uniquely identified. If the option takes an argument, either the +keyword is immediately followed by an equals sign (`=') and the argument's value, or the keyword and the argument's value are separated by whitespace. If a particular option with a value is given more than once, it is the last value that counts. @@ -2427,10 +2428,10 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `-f SOURCE-FILE' `--file SOURCE-FILE' - Read `awk' program source from SOURCE-FILE instead of in the first - nonoption argument. This option may be given multiple times; the - `awk' program consists of the concatenation of the contents of - each specified SOURCE-FILE. + Read the `awk' program source from SOURCE-FILE instead of in the + first nonoption argument. This option may be given multiple + times; the `awk' program consists of the concatenation of the + contents of each specified SOURCE-FILE. `-v VAR=VAL' `--assign VAR=VAL' @@ -2471,7 +2472,7 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `-b' `--characters-as-bytes' Cause `gawk' to treat all input data as single-byte characters. - In addition, all output written with `print' or `printf' are + In addition, all output written with `print' or `printf' is treated as single-byte characters. Normally, `gawk' follows the POSIX standard and attempts to process @@ -2479,7 +2480,7 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: This can often involve converting multibyte characters into wide characters (internally), and can lead to problems or confusion if the input data does not contain valid multibyte characters. This - option is an easy way to tell `gawk': "hands off my data!". + option is an easy way to tell `gawk', "Hands off my data!" `-c' `--traditional' @@ -2514,7 +2515,7 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the keyboard (standard input). The optional FILE argument allows you to specify a file with a list of commands for the debugger to - execute non-interactively. No space is allowed between the `-D' + execute noninteractively. No space is allowed between the `-D' and FILE, if FILE is supplied. `-e' PROGRAM-TEXT @@ -2549,23 +2550,23 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `-g' `--gen-pot' - Analyze the source program and generate a GNU `gettext' Portable - Object Template file on standard output for all string constants + Analyze the source program and generate a GNU `gettext' portable + object template file on standard output for all string constants that have been marked for translation. *Note Internationalization::, for information about this option. `-h' `--help' - Print a "usage" message summarizing the short and long style + Print a "usage" message summarizing the short- and long-style options that `gawk' accepts and then exit. `-i' SOURCE-FILE `--include' SOURCE-FILE Read an `awk' source library from SOURCE-FILE. This option is completely equivalent to using the `@include' directive inside - your program. This option is very similar to the `-f' option, but - there are two important differences. First, when `-i' is used, - the program source is not loaded if it has been previously loaded, + your program. It is very similar to the `-f' option, but there + are two important differences. First, when `-i' is used, the + program source is not loaded if it has been previously loaded, whereas with `-f', `gawk' always loads the file. Second, because this option is intended to be used with code libraries, `gawk' does not recognize such files as constituting main program input. @@ -2627,15 +2628,15 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: `-o'[FILE] `--pretty-print'[`='FILE] - Enable pretty-printing of `awk' programs. By default, output + Enable pretty-printing of `awk' programs. By default, the output program is created in a file named `awkprof.out' (*note Profiling::). The optional FILE argument allows you to specify a different file name for the output. No space is allowed between the `-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied. NOTE: Due to the way `gawk' has evolved, with this option - your program is still executed. This will change in the next - major release such that `gawk' will only pretty-print the + your program still executes. This will change in the next + major release, such that `gawk' will only pretty-print the program and not run it. `-O' @@ -2735,7 +2736,7 @@ input as a source of data.) Because it is clumsy using the standard `awk' mechanisms to mix source file and command-line `awk' programs, `gawk' provides the `-e' -option. This does not require you to pre-empt the standard input for +option. This does not require you to preempt the standard input for your source code; it allows you to easily mix command-line and library source code (*note AWKPATH Variable::). As with `-f', the `-e' and `-i' options may also be used multiple times on the command line. @@ -2894,7 +2895,7 @@ implementations, you must supply a precise pathname for each program file, unless the file is in the current directory. But with `gawk', if the file name supplied to the `-f' or `-i' options does not contain a directory separator `/', then `gawk' searches a list of directories -(called the "search path"), one by one, looking for a file with the +(called the "search path") one by one, looking for a file with the specified name. The search path is a string consisting of directory names separated by @@ -2927,9 +2928,9 @@ or by placing two colons next to each other [`::'].) Different past versions of `gawk' would also look explicitly in the current directory, either before or after the path search. As - of version 4.1.2, this no longer happens, and if you wish to look - in the current directory, you must include `.' either as a separate - entry, or as a null entry in the search path. + of version 4.1.2, this no longer happens; if you wish to look in + the current directory, you must include `.' either as a separate + entry or as a null entry in the search path. The default value for `AWKPATH' is `.:/usr/local/share/awk'.(2) Since `.' is included at the beginning, `gawk' searches first in the @@ -3035,7 +3036,7 @@ change. The variables are: If this variable exists, `gawk' includes the file name and line number within the `gawk' source code from which warning and/or fatal messages are generated. Its purpose is to help isolate the - source of a message, as there are multiple places which produce the + source of a message, as there are multiple places that produce the same warning or error message. `GAWK_NO_DFA' @@ -3058,16 +3059,16 @@ change. The variables are: evaluation stack, when needed. `INT_CHAIN_MAX' - The intended maximum number of items `gawk' will maintain on a - hash chain for managing arrays indexed by integers. + This specifies intended maximum number of items `gawk' will + maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by integers. `STR_CHAIN_MAX' - The intended maximum number of items `gawk' will maintain on a - hash chain for managing arrays indexed by strings. + This specifies intended maximum number of items `gawk' will + maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by strings. `TIDYMEM' If this variable exists, `gawk' uses the `mtrace()' library calls - from GNU LIBC to help track down possible memory leaks. + from the GNU C library to help track down possible memory leaks. File: gawk.info, Node: Exit Status, Next: Include Files, Prev: Environment Variables, Up: Invoking Gawk @@ -3099,11 +3100,11 @@ This minor node describes a feature that is specific to `gawk'. files. This gives you the ability to split large `awk' source files into smaller, more manageable pieces, and also lets you reuse common `awk' code from various `awk' scripts. In other words, you can group -together `awk' functions, used to carry out specific tasks, into -external files. These files can be used just like function libraries, -using the `@include' keyword in conjunction with the `AWKPATH' -environment variable. Note that source files may also be included -using the `-i' option. +together `awk' functions used to carry out specific tasks into external +files. These files can be used just like function libraries, using the +`@include' keyword in conjunction with the `AWKPATH' environment +variable. Note that source files may also be included using the `-i' +option. Let's see an example. We'll start with two (trivial) `awk' scripts, namely `test1' and `test2'. Here is the `test1' script: @@ -3165,11 +3166,11 @@ Variable::) apply to `@include' also. This is very helpful in constructing `gawk' function libraries. If you have a large script with useful, general-purpose `awk' functions, you can break it down into library files and put those files in a -special directory. You can then include those "libraries," using -either the full pathnames of the files, or by setting the `AWKPATH' +special directory. You can then include those "libraries," either by +using the full pathnames of the files, or by setting the `AWKPATH' environment variable accordingly and then using `@include' with just -the file part of the full pathname. Of course, you can have more than -one directory to keep library files; the more complex the working +the file part of the full pathname. Of course, you can keep library +files in more than one directory; the more complex the working environment is, the more directories you may need to organize the files to be included. @@ -3181,8 +3182,8 @@ particular, `@include' is very useful for writing CGI scripts to be run from web pages. As mentioned in *note AWKPATH Variable::, the current directory is -always searched first for source files, before searching in `AWKPATH', -and this also applies to files named with `@include'. +always searched first for source files, before searching in `AWKPATH'; +this also applies to files named with `@include'. File: gawk.info, Node: Loading Shared Libraries, Next: Obsolete, Prev: Include Files, Up: Invoking Gawk @@ -3227,8 +3228,8 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Obsolete, Next: Undocumented, Prev: Loading Shared Lib ==================================== This minor node describes features and/or command-line options from -previous releases of `gawk' that are either not available in the -current version or that are still supported but deprecated (meaning that +previous releases of `gawk' that either are not available in the +current version or are still supported but deprecated (meaning that they will _not_ be in the next release). The process-related special files `/dev/pid', `/dev/ppid', @@ -3256,7 +3257,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Invoking Summary, Prev: Undocumented, Up: Invoking Gaw run `awk'. * The three standard options for all versions of `awk' are `-f', - `-F' and `-v'. `gawk' supplies these and many others, as well as + `-F', and `-v'. `gawk' supplies these and many others, as well as corresponding GNU-style long options. * Nonoption command-line arguments are usually treated as file names, @@ -3286,7 +3287,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Invoking Summary, Prev: Undocumented, Up: Invoking Gaw * `gawk' allows you to load additional functions written in C or C++ using the `@load' statement and/or the `-l' option. (This - advanced feature is described later on in *note Dynamic + advanced feature is described later, in *note Dynamic Extensions::.) @@ -3435,7 +3436,7 @@ sequences apply to both string constants and regexp constants: Horizontal TAB, `Ctrl-i', ASCII code 9 (HT). `\v' - Vertical tab, `Ctrl-k', ASCII code 11 (VT). + Vertical TAB, `Ctrl-k', ASCII code 11 (VT). `\NNN' The octal value NNN, where NNN stands for 1 to 3 digits between @@ -3482,7 +3483,7 @@ normally be a regexp operator. For example, `/a\+b/' matches the three characters `a+b'. For complete portability, do not use a backslash before any -character not shown in the previous list and that is not an operator. +character not shown in the previous list or that is not an operator. Backslash Before Regular Characters @@ -3544,7 +3545,7 @@ and converted into corresponding real characters as the very first step in processing regexps. Here is a list of metacharacters. All characters that are not escape -sequences and that are not listed in the following stand for themselves: +sequences and that are not listed here stand for themselves: `\' This suppresses the special meaning of a character when matching. @@ -3627,7 +3628,7 @@ sequences and that are not listed in the following stand for themselves: There are two subtle points to understand about how `*' works. First, the `*' applies only to the single preceding regular expression component (e.g., in `ph*', it applies just to the `h'). - To cause `*' to apply to a larger sub-expression, use parentheses: + To cause `*' to apply to a larger subexpression, use parentheses: `(ph)*' matches `ph', `phph', `phphph', and so on. Second, `*' finds as many repetitions as possible. If the text to @@ -3658,10 +3659,10 @@ sequences and that are not listed in the following stand for themselves: Matches `whhhy', but not `why' or `whhhhy'. `wh{3,5}y' - Matches `whhhy', `whhhhy', or `whhhhhy', only. + Matches `whhhy', `whhhhy', or `whhhhhy' only. `wh{2,}y' - Matches `whhy' or `whhhy', and so on. + Matches `whhy', `whhhy', and so on. Interval expressions were not traditionally available in `awk'. They were added as part of the POSIX standard to make `awk' and @@ -3763,7 +3764,7 @@ Class Meaning `[:print:]' Printable characters (characters that are not control characters) `[:punct:]' Punctuation characters (characters that are not letters, - digits control characters, or space characters) + digits, control characters, or space characters) `[:space:]' Space characters (such as space, TAB, and formfeed, to name a few) `[:upper:]' Uppercase alphabetic characters @@ -20564,8 +20565,8 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Gawk I18N, Next: I18N Summary, Prev: I18N Example, Up `gawk' itself has been internationalized using the GNU `gettext' package. (GNU `gettext' is described in complete detail in *note (GNU `gettext' utilities)Top:: gettext, GNU gettext tools.) As of this -writing, the latest version of GNU `gettext' is version 0.19.3 -(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.3.tar.gz). +writing, the latest version of GNU `gettext' is version 0.19.4 +(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.4.tar.gz). If a translation of `gawk''s messages exists, then `gawk' produces usage messages, warnings, and fatal errors in the local language. @@ -21922,7 +21923,7 @@ so: $ gawk --version -| GNU Awk 4.1.2, API: 1.1 (GNU MPFR 3.1.0-p3, GNU MP 5.0.2) - -| Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2014 Free Software Foundation. + -| Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2015 Free Software Foundation. ... (You may see different version numbers than what's shown here. That's @@ -28270,7 +28271,7 @@ Unix `awk' git clone git://github.com/onetrueawk/awk bwkawk - This command creates a copy of the Git (http://www.git-scm.com) + This command creates a copy of the Git (http://git-scm.com) repository in a directory named `bwkawk'. If you leave that argument off the `git' command line, the repository copy is created in a directory named `awk'. @@ -28502,7 +28503,7 @@ released versions of `gawk'. changes, you will probably wish to work with the development version. To do so, you will need to access the `gawk' source code repository. The code is maintained using the Git distributed version control system -(http://git-scm.com/). You will need to install it if your system +(http://git-scm.com). You will need to install it if your system doesn't have it. Once you have done so, use the command: git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/gawk.git @@ -34333,525 +34334,525 @@ Node: More Complex102449 Node: Statements/Lines105311 Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1109766 Node: Other Features110031 -Node: When110962 -Ref: When-Footnote-1112716 -Node: Intro Summary112781 -Node: Invoking Gawk113664 -Node: Command Line115178 -Node: Options115976 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1131909 -Ref: Options-Footnote-2132138 -Node: Other Arguments132163 -Node: Naming Standard Input135111 -Node: Environment Variables136204 -Node: AWKPATH Variable136762 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140065 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140110 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140370 -Node: Other Environment Variables141513 -Node: Exit Status145241 -Node: Include Files145917 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries149514 -Node: Obsolete150941 -Node: Undocumented151638 -Node: Invoking Summary151905 -Node: Regexp153569 -Node: Regexp Usage155023 -Node: Escape Sequences157060 -Node: Regexp Operators163071 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170497 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170644 -Node: Bracket Expressions170742 -Ref: table-char-classes172757 -Node: Leftmost Longest175681 -Node: Computed Regexps176983 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators180380 -Node: Case-sensitivity184053 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1186938 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187173 -Node: Regexp Summary187281 -Node: Reading Files188748 -Node: Records190842 -Node: awk split records191575 -Node: gawk split records196490 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201034 -Node: Fields201071 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203847 -Node: Nonconstant Fields203933 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206176 -Node: Changing Fields206380 -Node: Field Separators212309 -Node: Default Field Splitting215014 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting216131 -Node: Single Character Fields219481 -Node: Command Line Field Separator220540 -Node: Full Line Fields223752 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225269 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225315 -Node: Field Splitting Summary225416 -Node: Constant Size227490 -Node: Splitting By Content232079 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236073 -Node: Multiple Line236236 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242122 -Node: Getline242301 -Node: Plain Getline244513 -Node: Getline/Variable247153 -Node: Getline/File248301 -Node: Getline/Variable/File249685 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251288 -Node: Getline/Pipe251375 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254058 -Node: Getline/Coprocess255189 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256441 -Node: Getline Notes257180 -Node: Getline Summary259972 -Ref: table-getline-variants260384 -Node: Read Timeout261213 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265037 -Node: Command-line directories265095 -Node: Input Summary266000 -Node: Input Exercises269301 -Node: Printing270029 -Node: Print271806 -Node: Print Examples273263 -Node: Output Separators276042 -Node: OFMT278060 -Node: Printf279414 -Node: Basic Printf280199 -Node: Control Letters281769 -Node: Format Modifiers285752 -Node: Printf Examples291761 -Node: Redirection294247 -Node: Special FD301088 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304248 -Node: Special Files304322 -Node: Other Inherited Files304939 -Node: Special Network305939 -Node: Special Caveats306801 -Node: Close Files And Pipes307752 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1314934 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315082 -Node: Output Summary315232 -Node: Output Exercises316230 -Node: Expressions316910 -Node: Values318095 -Node: Constants318773 -Node: Scalar Constants319464 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320323 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers320573 -Node: Regexp Constants323591 -Node: Using Constant Regexps324116 -Node: Variables327259 -Node: Using Variables327914 -Node: Assignment Options329825 -Node: Conversion331700 -Node: Strings And Numbers332224 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335289 -Node: Locale influences conversions335398 -Ref: table-locale-affects338145 -Node: All Operators338733 -Node: Arithmetic Ops339363 -Node: Concatenation341868 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344687 -Node: Assignment Ops344793 -Ref: table-assign-ops349772 -Node: Increment Ops351044 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions354482 -Node: Truth Values355567 -Node: Typing and Comparison356616 -Node: Variable Typing357426 -Node: Comparison Operators361079 -Ref: table-relational-ops361489 -Node: POSIX String Comparison364984 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366056 -Node: Boolean Ops366194 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370673 -Node: Conditional Exp370764 -Node: Function Calls372491 -Node: Precedence376371 -Node: Locales380032 -Node: Expressions Summary381664 -Node: Patterns and Actions384224 -Node: Pattern Overview385344 -Node: Regexp Patterns387023 -Node: Expression Patterns387566 -Node: Ranges391276 -Node: BEGIN/END394382 -Node: Using BEGIN/END395143 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397877 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END397983 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400297 -Node: Empty403198 -Node: Using Shell Variables403515 -Node: Action Overview405788 -Node: Statements408114 -Node: If Statement409962 -Node: While Statement411457 -Node: Do Statement413486 -Node: For Statement414630 -Node: Switch Statement417787 -Node: Break Statement420169 -Node: Continue Statement422210 -Node: Next Statement424037 -Node: Nextfile Statement426418 -Node: Exit Statement429048 -Node: Built-in Variables431451 -Node: User-modified432584 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440265 -Node: Auto-set440327 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1453362 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2453567 -Node: ARGC and ARGV453623 -Node: Pattern Action Summary457841 -Node: Arrays460268 -Node: Array Basics461597 -Node: Array Intro462441 -Ref: figure-array-elements464405 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1466931 -Node: Reference to Elements467059 -Node: Assigning Elements469511 -Node: Array Example470002 -Node: Scanning an Array471760 -Node: Controlling Scanning474776 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1479972 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts480288 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts482473 -Node: Delete484090 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1486833 -Node: Multidimensional486890 -Node: Multiscanning489987 -Node: Arrays of Arrays491576 -Node: Arrays Summary496335 -Node: Functions498427 -Node: Built-in499326 -Node: Calling Built-in500404 -Node: Numeric Functions502395 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1506412 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2506769 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3506817 -Node: String Functions507089 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1530564 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2530693 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3530941 -Node: Gory Details531028 -Ref: table-sub-escapes532809 -Ref: table-sub-proposed534329 -Ref: table-posix-sub535693 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes537229 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1538061 -Node: I/O Functions538212 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1545430 -Node: Time Functions545577 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1556065 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2556133 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3556291 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4556402 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5556514 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6556741 -Node: Bitwise Functions557007 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops557569 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1561878 -Node: Type Functions562047 -Node: I18N Functions563198 -Node: User-defined564843 -Node: Definition Syntax565648 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1571055 -Node: Function Example571126 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1574045 -Node: Function Caveats574067 -Node: Calling A Function574585 -Node: Variable Scope575543 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference578531 -Node: Return Statement582026 -Node: Dynamic Typing585007 -Node: Indirect Calls585936 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1597238 -Node: Functions Summary597366 -Node: Library Functions600068 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1603677 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2603820 -Node: Library Names603991 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1607445 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2607668 -Node: General Functions607754 -Node: Strtonum Function608857 -Node: Assert Function611879 -Node: Round Function615203 -Node: Cliff Random Function616744 -Node: Ordinal Functions617760 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1620823 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2621075 -Node: Join Function621286 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1623055 -Node: Getlocaltime Function623255 -Node: Readfile Function626999 -Node: Shell Quoting628969 -Node: Data File Management630370 -Node: Filetrans Function631002 -Node: Rewind Function635058 -Node: File Checking636445 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1637777 -Node: Empty Files637978 -Node: Ignoring Assigns639957 -Node: Getopt Function641508 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1652970 -Node: Passwd Functions653170 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1662007 -Node: Group Functions662095 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1669989 -Node: Walking Arrays670202 -Node: Library Functions Summary671805 -Node: Library Exercises673206 -Node: Sample Programs674486 -Node: Running Examples675256 -Node: Clones675984 -Node: Cut Program677208 -Node: Egrep Program686927 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1694425 -Node: Id Program694535 -Node: Split Program698180 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1701628 -Node: Tee Program701756 -Node: Uniq Program704545 -Node: Wc Program711964 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1716214 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs716308 -Node: Dupword Program717521 -Node: Alarm Program719552 -Node: Translate Program724356 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1728921 -Node: Labels Program729191 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1732542 -Node: Word Sorting732626 -Node: History Sorting736697 -Node: Extract Program738533 -Node: Simple Sed746058 -Node: Igawk Program749126 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1763450 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2763651 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3763773 -Node: Anagram Program763888 -Node: Signature Program766945 -Node: Programs Summary768192 -Node: Programs Exercises769385 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1773516 -Node: Advanced Features773607 -Node: Nondecimal Data775555 -Node: Array Sorting777145 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal777842 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1786175 -Node: Array Sorting Functions786293 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1790182 -Node: Two-way I/O790378 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1795323 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2795509 -Node: TCP/IP Networking795591 -Node: Profiling798464 -Node: Advanced Features Summary806011 -Node: Internationalization807944 -Node: I18N and L10N809424 -Node: Explaining gettext810110 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1815135 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2815319 -Node: Programmer i18n815484 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1820350 -Node: Translator i18n820399 -Node: String Extraction821193 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1822324 -Node: Printf Ordering822410 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1825196 -Node: I18N Portability825260 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1827715 -Node: I18N Example827778 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1830581 -Node: Gawk I18N830653 -Node: I18N Summary831291 -Node: Debugger832630 -Node: Debugging833652 -Node: Debugging Concepts834093 -Node: Debugging Terms835946 -Node: Awk Debugging838518 -Node: Sample Debugging Session839412 -Node: Debugger Invocation839932 -Node: Finding The Bug841316 -Node: List of Debugger Commands847791 -Node: Breakpoint Control849124 -Node: Debugger Execution Control852820 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data856184 -Node: Execution Stack859562 -Node: Debugger Info861199 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands865216 -Node: Readline Support870245 -Node: Limitations871137 -Node: Debugging Summary873251 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic874419 -Node: Computer Arithmetic875835 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges879433 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1880292 -Node: Math Definitions880349 -Ref: table-ieee-formats883637 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1884241 -Node: MPFR features884346 -Node: FP Math Caution886017 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1887067 -Node: Inexactness of computations887436 -Node: Inexact representation888395 -Node: Comparing FP Values889752 -Node: Errors accumulate890834 -Node: Getting Accuracy892267 -Node: Try To Round894929 -Node: Setting precision895828 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings896512 -Node: Setting the rounding mode898301 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes898665 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1902120 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers902299 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1905285 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems905434 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1909307 -Node: Floating point summary909345 -Node: Dynamic Extensions911539 -Node: Extension Intro913091 -Node: Plugin License914357 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline915154 -Ref: figure-load-extension915582 -Ref: figure-register-new-function917062 -Ref: figure-call-new-function918066 -Node: Extension API Description920052 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction921502 -Node: General Data Types926326 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1932065 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions932364 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1935203 -Node: Constructor Functions935299 -Node: Registration Functions937033 -Node: Extension Functions937718 -Node: Exit Callback Functions940015 -Node: Extension Version String941263 -Node: Input Parsers941928 -Node: Output Wrappers951807 -Node: Two-way processors956322 -Node: Printing Messages958526 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1959602 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'959754 -Node: Requesting Values960494 -Ref: table-value-types-returned961222 -Node: Accessing Parameters962179 -Node: Symbol Table Access963410 -Node: Symbol table by name963924 -Node: Symbol table by cookie965905 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1970049 -Node: Cached values970112 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1973611 -Node: Array Manipulation973702 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1974800 -Node: Array Data Types974837 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1977492 -Node: Array Functions977584 -Node: Flattening Arrays981438 -Node: Creating Arrays988330 -Node: Extension API Variables993101 -Node: Extension Versioning993737 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables995638 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate996703 -Node: Finding Extensions1000512 -Node: Extension Example1001072 -Node: Internal File Description1001844 -Node: Internal File Ops1005911 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11017581 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1017721 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11020104 -Node: Extension Samples1020377 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1021903 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1029541 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1031032 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1032247 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1033922 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1034758 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1035634 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1036445 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1037035 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1037775 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1039715 -Node: Extension Sample Time1040810 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1042159 -Node: gawkextlib1042650 -Node: Extension summary1045308 -Node: Extension Exercises1048997 -Node: Language History1049719 -Node: V7/SVR3.11051375 -Node: SVR41053556 -Node: POSIX1055001 -Node: BTL1056390 -Node: POSIX/GNU1057124 -Node: Feature History1062688 -Node: Common Extensions1075786 -Node: Ranges and Locales1077110 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11081728 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21081755 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31081989 -Node: Contributors1082210 -Node: History summary1087751 -Node: Installation1089121 -Node: Gawk Distribution1090067 -Node: Getting1090551 -Node: Extracting1091374 -Node: Distribution contents1093009 -Node: Unix Installation1098726 -Node: Quick Installation1099343 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1101767 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1103505 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1105874 -Node: PC Installation1106332 -Node: PC Binary Installation1107651 -Node: PC Compiling1109499 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11112520 -Node: PC Testing1112629 -Node: PC Using1113805 -Node: Cygwin1117920 -Node: MSYS1118743 -Node: VMS Installation1119243 -Node: VMS Compilation1120035 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11121257 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1121315 -Node: VMS Installation Details1122999 -Node: VMS Running1125251 -Node: VMS GNV1128087 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1128821 -Node: Bugs1129291 -Node: Other Versions1133174 -Node: Installation summary1139602 -Node: Notes1140658 -Node: Compatibility Mode1141523 -Node: Additions1142305 -Node: Accessing The Source1143230 -Node: Adding Code1144666 -Node: New Ports1150831 -Node: Derived Files1155313 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11160788 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21160822 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31161418 -Node: Future Extensions1161532 -Node: Implementation Limitations1162138 -Node: Extension Design1163386 -Node: Old Extension Problems1164540 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11166057 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1166114 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11169474 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1169663 -Node: Extension Future Growth1171771 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1172607 -Node: Notes summary1174369 -Node: Basic Concepts1175555 -Node: Basic High Level1176236 -Ref: figure-general-flow1176508 -Ref: figure-process-flow1177107 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11180336 -Node: Basic Data Typing1180521 -Node: Glossary1183849 -Node: Copying1209007 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1246563 -Node: Index1271699 +Node: When110967 +Ref: When-Footnote-1112721 +Node: Intro Summary112786 +Node: Invoking Gawk113670 +Node: Command Line115184 +Node: Options115982 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1131904 +Ref: Options-Footnote-2132133 +Node: Other Arguments132158 +Node: Naming Standard Input135106 +Node: Environment Variables136199 +Node: AWKPATH Variable136757 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140054 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140099 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140359 +Node: Other Environment Variables141502 +Node: Exit Status145260 +Node: Include Files145936 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries149525 +Node: Obsolete150952 +Node: Undocumented151644 +Node: Invoking Summary151911 +Node: Regexp153574 +Node: Regexp Usage155028 +Node: Escape Sequences157065 +Node: Regexp Operators163075 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1170485 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2170632 +Node: Bracket Expressions170730 +Ref: table-char-classes172745 +Node: Leftmost Longest175670 +Node: Computed Regexps176972 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators180369 +Node: Case-sensitivity184042 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1186927 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187162 +Node: Regexp Summary187270 +Node: Reading Files188737 +Node: Records190831 +Node: awk split records191564 +Node: gawk split records196479 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201023 +Node: Fields201060 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1203836 +Node: Nonconstant Fields203922 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206165 +Node: Changing Fields206369 +Node: Field Separators212298 +Node: Default Field Splitting215003 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting216120 +Node: Single Character Fields219470 +Node: Command Line Field Separator220529 +Node: Full Line Fields223741 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225258 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225304 +Node: Field Splitting Summary225405 +Node: Constant Size227479 +Node: Splitting By Content232068 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236062 +Node: Multiple Line236225 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242111 +Node: Getline242290 +Node: Plain Getline244502 +Node: Getline/Variable247142 +Node: Getline/File248290 +Node: Getline/Variable/File249674 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1251277 +Node: Getline/Pipe251364 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254047 +Node: Getline/Coprocess255178 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess256430 +Node: Getline Notes257169 +Node: Getline Summary259961 +Ref: table-getline-variants260373 +Node: Read Timeout261202 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265026 +Node: Command-line directories265084 +Node: Input Summary265989 +Node: Input Exercises269290 +Node: Printing270018 +Node: Print271795 +Node: Print Examples273252 +Node: Output Separators276031 +Node: OFMT278049 +Node: Printf279403 +Node: Basic Printf280188 +Node: Control Letters281758 +Node: Format Modifiers285741 +Node: Printf Examples291750 +Node: Redirection294236 +Node: Special FD301077 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1304237 +Node: Special Files304311 +Node: Other Inherited Files304928 +Node: Special Network305928 +Node: Special Caveats306790 +Node: Close Files And Pipes307741 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1314923 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2315071 +Node: Output Summary315221 +Node: Output Exercises316219 +Node: Expressions316899 +Node: Values318084 +Node: Constants318762 +Node: Scalar Constants319453 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1320312 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers320562 +Node: Regexp Constants323580 +Node: Using Constant Regexps324105 +Node: Variables327248 +Node: Using Variables327903 +Node: Assignment Options329814 +Node: Conversion331689 +Node: Strings And Numbers332213 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1335278 +Node: Locale influences conversions335387 +Ref: table-locale-affects338134 +Node: All Operators338722 +Node: Arithmetic Ops339352 +Node: Concatenation341857 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1344676 +Node: Assignment Ops344782 +Ref: table-assign-ops349761 +Node: Increment Ops351033 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions354471 +Node: Truth Values355556 +Node: Typing and Comparison356605 +Node: Variable Typing357415 +Node: Comparison Operators361068 +Ref: table-relational-ops361478 +Node: POSIX String Comparison364973 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1366045 +Node: Boolean Ops366183 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1370662 +Node: Conditional Exp370753 +Node: Function Calls372480 +Node: Precedence376360 +Node: Locales380021 +Node: Expressions Summary381653 +Node: Patterns and Actions384213 +Node: Pattern Overview385333 +Node: Regexp Patterns387012 +Node: Expression Patterns387555 +Node: Ranges391265 +Node: BEGIN/END394371 +Node: Using BEGIN/END395132 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397866 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END397972 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400286 +Node: Empty403187 +Node: Using Shell Variables403504 +Node: Action Overview405777 +Node: Statements408103 +Node: If Statement409951 +Node: While Statement411446 +Node: Do Statement413475 +Node: For Statement414619 +Node: Switch Statement417776 +Node: Break Statement420158 +Node: Continue Statement422199 +Node: Next Statement424026 +Node: Nextfile Statement426407 +Node: Exit Statement429037 +Node: Built-in Variables431440 +Node: User-modified432573 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440254 +Node: Auto-set440316 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1453351 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2453556 +Node: ARGC and ARGV453612 +Node: Pattern Action Summary457830 +Node: Arrays460257 +Node: Array Basics461586 +Node: Array Intro462430 +Ref: figure-array-elements464394 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1466920 +Node: Reference to Elements467048 +Node: Assigning Elements469500 +Node: Array Example469991 +Node: Scanning an Array471749 +Node: Controlling Scanning474765 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1479961 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts480277 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts482462 +Node: Delete484079 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1486822 +Node: Multidimensional486879 +Node: Multiscanning489976 +Node: Arrays of Arrays491565 +Node: Arrays Summary496324 +Node: Functions498416 +Node: Built-in499315 +Node: Calling Built-in500393 +Node: Numeric Functions502384 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1506401 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2506758 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3506806 +Node: String Functions507078 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1530553 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2530682 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3530930 +Node: Gory Details531017 +Ref: table-sub-escapes532798 +Ref: table-sub-proposed534318 +Ref: table-posix-sub535682 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes537218 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1538050 +Node: I/O Functions538201 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1545419 +Node: Time Functions545566 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1556054 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2556122 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3556280 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4556391 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5556503 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6556730 +Node: Bitwise Functions556996 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops557558 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1561867 +Node: Type Functions562036 +Node: I18N Functions563187 +Node: User-defined564832 +Node: Definition Syntax565637 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1571044 +Node: Function Example571115 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1574034 +Node: Function Caveats574056 +Node: Calling A Function574574 +Node: Variable Scope575532 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference578520 +Node: Return Statement582015 +Node: Dynamic Typing584996 +Node: Indirect Calls585925 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1597227 +Node: Functions Summary597355 +Node: Library Functions600057 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1603666 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2603809 +Node: Library Names603980 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1607434 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2607657 +Node: General Functions607743 +Node: Strtonum Function608846 +Node: Assert Function611868 +Node: Round Function615192 +Node: Cliff Random Function616733 +Node: Ordinal Functions617749 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1620812 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2621064 +Node: Join Function621275 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1623044 +Node: Getlocaltime Function623244 +Node: Readfile Function626988 +Node: Shell Quoting628958 +Node: Data File Management630359 +Node: Filetrans Function630991 +Node: Rewind Function635047 +Node: File Checking636434 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1637766 +Node: Empty Files637967 +Node: Ignoring Assigns639946 +Node: Getopt Function641497 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1652959 +Node: Passwd Functions653159 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1661996 +Node: Group Functions662084 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1669978 +Node: Walking Arrays670191 +Node: Library Functions Summary671794 +Node: Library Exercises673195 +Node: Sample Programs674475 +Node: Running Examples675245 +Node: Clones675973 +Node: Cut Program677197 +Node: Egrep Program686916 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1694414 +Node: Id Program694524 +Node: Split Program698169 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1701617 +Node: Tee Program701745 +Node: Uniq Program704534 +Node: Wc Program711953 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1716203 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs716297 +Node: Dupword Program717510 +Node: Alarm Program719541 +Node: Translate Program724345 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1728910 +Node: Labels Program729180 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1732531 +Node: Word Sorting732615 +Node: History Sorting736686 +Node: Extract Program738522 +Node: Simple Sed746047 +Node: Igawk Program749115 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1763439 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2763640 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3763762 +Node: Anagram Program763877 +Node: Signature Program766934 +Node: Programs Summary768181 +Node: Programs Exercises769374 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1773505 +Node: Advanced Features773596 +Node: Nondecimal Data775544 +Node: Array Sorting777134 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal777831 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1786164 +Node: Array Sorting Functions786282 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1790171 +Node: Two-way I/O790367 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1795312 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2795498 +Node: TCP/IP Networking795580 +Node: Profiling798453 +Node: Advanced Features Summary806000 +Node: Internationalization807933 +Node: I18N and L10N809413 +Node: Explaining gettext810099 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1815124 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2815308 +Node: Programmer i18n815473 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1820339 +Node: Translator i18n820388 +Node: String Extraction821182 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1822313 +Node: Printf Ordering822399 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1825185 +Node: I18N Portability825249 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1827704 +Node: I18N Example827767 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1830570 +Node: Gawk I18N830642 +Node: I18N Summary831280 +Node: Debugger832619 +Node: Debugging833641 +Node: Debugging Concepts834082 +Node: Debugging Terms835935 +Node: Awk Debugging838507 +Node: Sample Debugging Session839401 +Node: Debugger Invocation839921 +Node: Finding The Bug841305 +Node: List of Debugger Commands847780 +Node: Breakpoint Control849113 +Node: Debugger Execution Control852809 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data856173 +Node: Execution Stack859551 +Node: Debugger Info861188 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands865205 +Node: Readline Support870234 +Node: Limitations871126 +Node: Debugging Summary873240 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic874408 +Node: Computer Arithmetic875824 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges879422 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1880281 +Node: Math Definitions880338 +Ref: table-ieee-formats883626 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1884230 +Node: MPFR features884335 +Node: FP Math Caution886006 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1887056 +Node: Inexactness of computations887425 +Node: Inexact representation888384 +Node: Comparing FP Values889741 +Node: Errors accumulate890823 +Node: Getting Accuracy892256 +Node: Try To Round894918 +Node: Setting precision895817 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings896501 +Node: Setting the rounding mode898290 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes898654 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1902109 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers902288 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1905274 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems905423 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1909296 +Node: Floating point summary909334 +Node: Dynamic Extensions911528 +Node: Extension Intro913080 +Node: Plugin License914346 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline915143 +Ref: figure-load-extension915571 +Ref: figure-register-new-function917051 +Ref: figure-call-new-function918055 +Node: Extension API Description920041 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction921491 +Node: General Data Types926315 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1932054 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions932353 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1935192 +Node: Constructor Functions935288 +Node: Registration Functions937022 +Node: Extension Functions937707 +Node: Exit Callback Functions940004 +Node: Extension Version String941252 +Node: Input Parsers941917 +Node: Output Wrappers951796 +Node: Two-way processors956311 +Node: Printing Messages958515 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1959591 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'959743 +Node: Requesting Values960483 +Ref: table-value-types-returned961211 +Node: Accessing Parameters962168 +Node: Symbol Table Access963399 +Node: Symbol table by name963913 +Node: Symbol table by cookie965894 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1970038 +Node: Cached values970101 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1973600 +Node: Array Manipulation973691 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1974789 +Node: Array Data Types974826 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1977481 +Node: Array Functions977573 +Node: Flattening Arrays981427 +Node: Creating Arrays988319 +Node: Extension API Variables993090 +Node: Extension Versioning993726 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables995627 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate996692 +Node: Finding Extensions1000501 +Node: Extension Example1001061 +Node: Internal File Description1001833 +Node: Internal File Ops1005900 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11017570 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1017710 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11020093 +Node: Extension Samples1020366 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1021892 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1029530 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1031021 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1032236 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1033911 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1034747 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1035623 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1036434 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1037024 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1037764 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1039704 +Node: Extension Sample Time1040799 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1042148 +Node: gawkextlib1042639 +Node: Extension summary1045297 +Node: Extension Exercises1048986 +Node: Language History1049708 +Node: V7/SVR3.11051364 +Node: SVR41053545 +Node: POSIX1054990 +Node: BTL1056379 +Node: POSIX/GNU1057113 +Node: Feature History1062677 +Node: Common Extensions1075775 +Node: Ranges and Locales1077099 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11081717 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21081744 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31081978 +Node: Contributors1082199 +Node: History summary1087740 +Node: Installation1089110 +Node: Gawk Distribution1090056 +Node: Getting1090540 +Node: Extracting1091363 +Node: Distribution contents1092998 +Node: Unix Installation1098715 +Node: Quick Installation1099332 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1101756 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1103494 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1105863 +Node: PC Installation1106321 +Node: PC Binary Installation1107640 +Node: PC Compiling1109488 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11112509 +Node: PC Testing1112618 +Node: PC Using1113794 +Node: Cygwin1117909 +Node: MSYS1118732 +Node: VMS Installation1119232 +Node: VMS Compilation1120024 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11121246 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1121304 +Node: VMS Installation Details1122988 +Node: VMS Running1125240 +Node: VMS GNV1128076 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1128810 +Node: Bugs1129280 +Node: Other Versions1133163 +Node: Installation summary1139587 +Node: Notes1140643 +Node: Compatibility Mode1141508 +Node: Additions1142290 +Node: Accessing The Source1143215 +Node: Adding Code1144650 +Node: New Ports1150815 +Node: Derived Files1155297 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11160772 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21160806 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31161402 +Node: Future Extensions1161516 +Node: Implementation Limitations1162122 +Node: Extension Design1163370 +Node: Old Extension Problems1164524 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11166041 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1166098 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11169458 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1169647 +Node: Extension Future Growth1171755 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1172591 +Node: Notes summary1174353 +Node: Basic Concepts1175539 +Node: Basic High Level1176220 +Ref: figure-general-flow1176492 +Ref: figure-process-flow1177091 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11180320 +Node: Basic Data Typing1180505 +Node: Glossary1183833 +Node: Copying1208991 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1246547 +Node: Index1271683 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi index afb94551..07630edf 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.texi +++ b/doc/gawk.texi @@ -3309,8 +3309,13 @@ no actions run. After processing all the rules that match the line (and perhaps there are none), @command{awk} reads the next line. (However, -@pxref{Next Statement}, +@DBPXREF{Next Statement} +@ifdocbook +and @DBREF{Nextfile Statement}.) +@end ifdocbook +@ifnotdocbook and also @pxref{Nextfile Statement}.) +@end ifnotdocbook This continues until the program reaches the end of the file. For example, the following @command{awk} program contains two rules: @@ -3575,7 +3580,7 @@ performing bit manipulation, for runtime string translation (internationalizatio determining the type of a variable, and array sorting. -As we develop our presentation of the @command{awk} language, we introduce +As we develop our presentation of the @command{awk} language, we will introduce most of the variables and many of the functions. They are described systematically in @DBREF{Built-in Variables} and in @ref{Built-in}. @@ -3629,7 +3634,7 @@ and Perl.} @c FIXME: Review this chapter for summary of builtin functions called. @itemize @value{BULLET} @item -Programs in @command{awk} consist of @var{pattern}-@var{action} pairs. +Programs in @command{awk} consist of @var{pattern}--@var{action} pairs. @item An @var{action} without a @var{pattern} always runs. The default @@ -3658,7 +3663,7 @@ part of a larger shell script (or MS-Windows batch file). You may use backslash continuation to continue a source line. Lines are automatically continued after a comma, open brace, question mark, colon, -@samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @code{do} and @code{else}. +@samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @code{do}, and @code{else}. @end itemize @node Invoking Gawk @@ -3745,8 +3750,8 @@ warning that the program is empty. Options begin with a dash and consist of a single character. GNU-style long options consist of two dashes and a keyword. The keyword can be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation allows the option -to be uniquely identified. If the option takes an argument, then the -keyword is either immediately followed by an equals sign (@samp{=}) and the +to be uniquely identified. If the option takes an argument, either the +keyword is immediately followed by an equals sign (@samp{=}) and the argument's value, or the keyword and the argument's value are separated by whitespace. If a particular option with a value is given more than once, it is the @@ -3773,7 +3778,7 @@ Set the @code{FS} variable to @var{fs} @cindex @option{-f} option @cindex @option{--file} option @cindex @command{awk} programs, location of -Read @command{awk} program source from @var{source-file} +Read the @command{awk} program source from @var{source-file} instead of in the first nonoption argument. This option may be given multiple times; the @command{awk} program consists of the concatenation of the contents of @@ -3841,14 +3846,14 @@ The following list describes @command{gawk}-specific options: @cindex @option{--characters-as-bytes} option Cause @command{gawk} to treat all input data as single-byte characters. In addition, all output written with @code{print} or @code{printf} -are treated as single-byte characters. +is treated as single-byte characters. Normally, @command{gawk} follows the POSIX standard and attempts to process its input data according to the current locale (@pxref{Locales}). This can often involve converting multibyte characters into wide characters (internally), and can lead to problems or confusion if the input data does not contain valid -multibyte characters. This option is an easy way to tell @command{gawk}: -``hands off my data!''. +multibyte characters. This option is an easy way to tell @command{gawk}, +``Hands off my data!'' @item @option{-c} @itemx @option{--traditional} @@ -3905,7 +3910,7 @@ Enable debugging of @command{awk} programs By default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the keyboard (standard input). The optional @var{file} argument allows you to specify a file with a list -of commands for the debugger to execute non-interactively. +of commands for the debugger to execute noninteractively. No space is allowed between the @option{-D} and @var{file}, if @var{file} is supplied. @@ -3965,7 +3970,7 @@ with @samp{#!} scripts (@pxref{Executable Scripts}), like so: @cindex portable object files, generating @cindex files, portable object, generating Analyze the source program and -generate a GNU @command{gettext} Portable Object Template file on standard +generate a GNU @command{gettext} portable object template file on standard output for all string constants that have been marked for translation. @xref{Internationalization}, for information about this option. @@ -3977,7 +3982,7 @@ for information about this option. @cindex GNU long options, printing list of @cindex options, printing list of @cindex printing, list of options -Print a ``usage'' message summarizing the short and long style options +Print a ``usage'' message summarizing the short- and long-style options that @command{gawk} accepts and then exit. @item @option{-i} @var{source-file} @@ -3987,7 +3992,7 @@ that @command{gawk} accepts and then exit. @cindex @command{awk} programs, location of Read an @command{awk} source library from @var{source-file}. This option is completely equivalent to using the @code{@@include} directive inside -your program. This option is very similar to the @option{-f} option, +your program. It is very similar to the @option{-f} option, but there are two important differences. First, when @option{-i} is used, the program source is not loaded if it has been previously loaded, whereas with @option{-f}, @command{gawk} always loads the file. @@ -4072,7 +4077,7 @@ when parsing numeric input data (@pxref{Locales}). @cindex @option{-o} option @cindex @option{--pretty-print} option Enable pretty-printing of @command{awk} programs. -By default, output program is created in a file named @file{awkprof.out} +By default, the output program is created in a file named @file{awkprof.out} (@pxref{Profiling}). The optional @var{file} argument allows you to specify a different @value{FN} for the output. @@ -4081,8 +4086,8 @@ No space is allowed between the @option{-o} and @var{file}, if @quotation NOTE Due to the way @command{gawk} has evolved, with this option -your program is still executed. This will change in the -next major release such that @command{gawk} will only +your program still executes. This will change in the +next major release, such that @command{gawk} will only pretty-print the program and not run it. @end quotation @@ -4118,7 +4123,7 @@ in the left margin, and function call counts for each function. Operate in strict POSIX mode. This disables all @command{gawk} extensions (just like @option{--traditional}) and disables all extensions not allowed by POSIX. -@xref{Common Extensions}, for a summary of the extensions +@DBXREF{Common Extensions} for a summary of the extensions in @command{gawk} that are disabled by this option. Also, the following additional @@ -4239,7 +4244,7 @@ source of data.) Because it is clumsy using the standard @command{awk} mechanisms to mix source file and command-line @command{awk} programs, @command{gawk} provides the @option{-e} option. This does not require you to -pre-empt the standard input for your source code; it allows you to easily +preempt the standard input for your source code; it allows you to easily mix command-line and library source code (@pxref{AWKPATH Variable}). As with @option{-f}, the @option{-e} and @option{-i} options may also be used multiple times on the command line. @@ -4429,7 +4434,7 @@ file, unless the file is in the current directory. But with @command{gawk}, if the @value{FN} supplied to the @option{-f} or @option{-i} options does not contain a directory separator @samp{/}, then @command{gawk} searches a list of -directories (called the @dfn{search path}), one by one, looking for a +directories (called the @dfn{search path}) one by one, looking for a file with the specified name. The search path is a string consisting of directory names @@ -4470,9 +4475,9 @@ as an entry in the path or write a null entry in the path. Different past versions of @command{gawk} would also look explicitly in the current directory, either before or after the path search. As of -@value{PVERSION} 4.1.2, this no longer happens, and if you wish to look +@value{PVERSION} 4.1.2, this no longer happens; if you wish to look in the current directory, you must include @file{.} either as a separate -entry, or as a null entry in the search path. +entry or as a null entry in the search path. @end quotation The default value for @env{AWKPATH} is @@ -4582,7 +4587,7 @@ If this variable exists, @command{gawk} includes the @value{FN} and line number within the @command{gawk} source code from which warning and/or fatal messages are generated. Its purpose is to help isolate the source of a -message, as there are multiple places which produce the +message, as there are multiple places that produce the same warning or error message. @item GAWK_NO_DFA @@ -4606,16 +4611,16 @@ This specifies the amount by which @command{gawk} should grow its internal evaluation stack, when needed. @item INT_CHAIN_MAX -The intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a +This specifies intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by integers. @item STR_CHAIN_MAX -The intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a +This specifies intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by strings. @item TIDYMEM If this variable exists, @command{gawk} uses the @code{mtrace()} library -calls from GNU LIBC to help track down possible memory leaks. +calls from the GNU C library to help track down possible memory leaks. @end table @node Exit Status @@ -4652,7 +4657,7 @@ The @code{@@include} keyword can be used to read external @command{awk} source files. This gives you the ability to split large @command{awk} source files into smaller, more manageable pieces, and also lets you reuse common @command{awk} code from various @command{awk} scripts. In other words, you can group -together @command{awk} functions, used to carry out specific tasks, +together @command{awk} functions used to carry out specific tasks into external files. These files can be used just like function libraries, using the @code{@@include} keyword in conjunction with the @env{AWKPATH} environment variable. Note that source files may also be included @@ -4742,11 +4747,12 @@ of the @env{AWKPATH} variable in command-line file searches This is very helpful in constructing @command{gawk} function libraries. If you have a large script with useful, general-purpose @command{awk} functions, you can break it down into library files and put those files -in a special directory. You can then include those ``libraries,'' using -either the full pathnames of the files, or by setting the @env{AWKPATH} +in a special directory. You can then include those ``libraries,'' +either by using the full pathnames of the files, or by setting the @env{AWKPATH} environment variable accordingly and then using @code{@@include} with -just the file part of the full pathname. Of course, you can have more -than one directory to keep library files; the more complex the working +just the file part of the full pathname. Of course, +you can keep library files in more than one directory; +the more complex the working environment is, the more directories you may need to organize the files to be included. @@ -4759,8 +4765,8 @@ In particular, @code{@@include} is very useful for writing CGI scripts to be run from web pages. As mentioned in @ref{AWKPATH Variable}, the current directory is always -searched first for source files, before searching in @env{AWKPATH}, -and this also applies to files named with @code{@@include}. +searched first for source files, before searching in @env{AWKPATH}; +this also applies to files named with @code{@@include}. @node Loading Shared Libraries @section Loading Dynamic Extensions into Your Program @@ -4814,8 +4820,8 @@ It also describes the @code{ordchr} extension. @cindex features, deprecated @cindex obsolete features This @value{SECTION} describes features and/or command-line options from -previous releases of @command{gawk} that are either not available in the -current version or that are still supported but deprecated (meaning that +previous releases of @command{gawk} that either are not available in the +current version or are still supported but deprecated (meaning that they will @emph{not} be in the next release). The process-related special files @file{/dev/pid}, @file{/dev/ppid}, @@ -4912,7 +4918,7 @@ to run @command{awk}. @item The three standard options for all versions of @command{awk} are -@option{-f}, @option{-F} and @option{-v}. @command{gawk} supplies these +@option{-f}, @option{-F}, and @option{-v}. @command{gawk} supplies these and many others, as well as corresponding GNU-style long options. @item @@ -4949,7 +4955,7 @@ and @option{-f} command-line options. @item @command{gawk} allows you to load additional functions written in C or C++ using the @code{@@load} statement and/or the @option{-l} option. -(This advanced feature is described later on in @ref{Dynamic Extensions}.) +(This advanced feature is described later, in @ref{Dynamic Extensions}.) @end itemize @node Regexp @@ -5162,7 +5168,7 @@ Horizontal TAB, @kbd{Ctrl-i}, ASCII code 9 (HT). @cindex @code{\} (backslash), @code{\v} escape sequence @cindex backslash (@code{\}), @code{\v} escape sequence @item \v -Vertical tab, @kbd{Ctrl-k}, ASCII code 11 (VT). +Vertical TAB, @kbd{Ctrl-k}, ASCII code 11 (VT). @cindex @code{\} (backslash), @code{\}@var{nnn} escape sequence @cindex backslash (@code{\}), @code{\}@var{nnn} escape sequence @@ -5232,7 +5238,7 @@ characters @samp{a+b}. @cindex @code{\} (backslash), in escape sequences @cindex portability For complete portability, do not use a backslash before any character not -shown in the previous list and that is not an operator. +shown in the previous list or that is not an operator. @c 11/2014: Moved so as to not stack sidebars @cindex sidebar, Backslash Before Regular Characters @@ -5412,7 +5418,7 @@ are recognized and converted into corresponding real characters as the very first step in processing regexps. Here is a list of metacharacters. All characters that are not escape -sequences and that are not listed in the following stand for themselves: +sequences and that are not listed here stand for themselves: @c Use @asis so the docbook comes out ok. Sigh. @table @asis @@ -5535,7 +5541,7 @@ just @samp{p} if no @samp{h}s are present. There are two subtle points to understand about how @samp{*} works. First, the @samp{*} applies only to the single preceding regular expression component (e.g., in @samp{ph*}, it applies just to the @samp{h}). -To cause @samp{*} to apply to a larger sub-expression, use parentheses: +To cause @samp{*} to apply to a larger subexpression, use parentheses: @samp{(ph)*} matches @samp{ph}, @samp{phph}, @samp{phphph}, and so on. Second, @samp{*} finds as many repetitions as possible. If the text @@ -5574,10 +5580,10 @@ is repeated at least @var{n} times: Matches @samp{whhhy}, but not @samp{why} or @samp{whhhhy}. @item wh@{3,5@}y -Matches @samp{whhhy}, @samp{whhhhy}, or @samp{whhhhhy}, only. +Matches @samp{whhhy}, @samp{whhhhy}, or @samp{whhhhhy} only. @item wh@{2,@}y -Matches @samp{whhy} or @samp{whhhy}, and so on. +Matches @samp{whhy}, @samp{whhhy}, and so on. @end table @cindex POSIX @command{awk}, interval expressions in @@ -5706,7 +5712,7 @@ POSIX standard. (a space is printable but not visible, whereas an @samp{a} is both) @item @code{[:lower:]} @tab Lowercase alphabetic characters @item @code{[:print:]} @tab Printable characters (characters that are not control characters) -@item @code{[:punct:]} @tab Punctuation characters (characters that are not letters, digits +@item @code{[:punct:]} @tab Punctuation characters (characters that are not letters, digits, control characters, or space characters) @item @code{[:space:]} @tab Space characters (such as space, TAB, and formfeed, to name a few) @item @code{[:upper:]} @tab Uppercase alphabetic characters @@ -28958,8 +28964,8 @@ complete detail in @cite{GNU gettext tools}}.) @end ifnotinfo As of this writing, the latest version of GNU @command{gettext} is -@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.3.tar.gz, -@value{PVERSION} 0.19.3}. +@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.4.tar.gz, +@value{PVERSION} 0.19.4}. If a translation of @command{gawk}'s messages exists, then @command{gawk} produces usage messages, warnings, @@ -30607,7 +30613,7 @@ is available like so: @example $ @kbd{gawk --version} @print{} GNU Awk 4.1.2, API: 1.1 (GNU MPFR 3.1.0-p3, GNU MP 5.0.2) -@print{} Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2014 Free Software Foundation. +@print{} Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2015 Free Software Foundation. @dots{} @end example @@ -38468,7 +38474,7 @@ git clone git://github.com/onetrueawk/awk bwkawk @end example @noindent -This command creates a copy of the @uref{http://www.git-scm.com, Git} +This command creates a copy of the @uref{http://git-scm.com, Git} repository in a directory named @file{bwkawk}. If you leave that argument off the @command{git} command line, the repository copy is created in a directory named @file{awk}. @@ -38751,7 +38757,7 @@ However, if you want to modify @command{gawk} and contribute back your changes, you will probably wish to work with the development version. To do so, you will need to access the @command{gawk} source code repository. The code is maintained using the -@uref{http://git-scm.com/, Git distributed version control system}. +@uref{http://git-scm.com, Git distributed version control system}. You will need to install it if your system doesn't have it. Once you have done so, use the command: diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in index b346e219..4d11a082 100644 --- a/doc/gawktexi.in +++ b/doc/gawktexi.in @@ -3220,8 +3220,13 @@ no actions run. After processing all the rules that match the line (and perhaps there are none), @command{awk} reads the next line. (However, -@pxref{Next Statement}, +@DBPXREF{Next Statement} +@ifdocbook +and @DBREF{Nextfile Statement}.) +@end ifdocbook +@ifnotdocbook and also @pxref{Nextfile Statement}.) +@end ifnotdocbook This continues until the program reaches the end of the file. For example, the following @command{awk} program contains two rules: @@ -3486,7 +3491,7 @@ performing bit manipulation, for runtime string translation (internationalizatio determining the type of a variable, and array sorting. -As we develop our presentation of the @command{awk} language, we introduce +As we develop our presentation of the @command{awk} language, we will introduce most of the variables and many of the functions. They are described systematically in @DBREF{Built-in Variables} and in @ref{Built-in}. @@ -3540,7 +3545,7 @@ and Perl.} @c FIXME: Review this chapter for summary of builtin functions called. @itemize @value{BULLET} @item -Programs in @command{awk} consist of @var{pattern}-@var{action} pairs. +Programs in @command{awk} consist of @var{pattern}--@var{action} pairs. @item An @var{action} without a @var{pattern} always runs. The default @@ -3569,7 +3574,7 @@ part of a larger shell script (or MS-Windows batch file). You may use backslash continuation to continue a source line. Lines are automatically continued after a comma, open brace, question mark, colon, -@samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @code{do} and @code{else}. +@samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @code{do}, and @code{else}. @end itemize @node Invoking Gawk @@ -3656,8 +3661,8 @@ warning that the program is empty. Options begin with a dash and consist of a single character. GNU-style long options consist of two dashes and a keyword. The keyword can be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation allows the option -to be uniquely identified. If the option takes an argument, then the -keyword is either immediately followed by an equals sign (@samp{=}) and the +to be uniquely identified. If the option takes an argument, either the +keyword is immediately followed by an equals sign (@samp{=}) and the argument's value, or the keyword and the argument's value are separated by whitespace. If a particular option with a value is given more than once, it is the @@ -3684,7 +3689,7 @@ Set the @code{FS} variable to @var{fs} @cindex @option{-f} option @cindex @option{--file} option @cindex @command{awk} programs, location of -Read @command{awk} program source from @var{source-file} +Read the @command{awk} program source from @var{source-file} instead of in the first nonoption argument. This option may be given multiple times; the @command{awk} program consists of the concatenation of the contents of @@ -3752,14 +3757,14 @@ The following list describes @command{gawk}-specific options: @cindex @option{--characters-as-bytes} option Cause @command{gawk} to treat all input data as single-byte characters. In addition, all output written with @code{print} or @code{printf} -are treated as single-byte characters. +is treated as single-byte characters. Normally, @command{gawk} follows the POSIX standard and attempts to process its input data according to the current locale (@pxref{Locales}). This can often involve converting multibyte characters into wide characters (internally), and can lead to problems or confusion if the input data does not contain valid -multibyte characters. This option is an easy way to tell @command{gawk}: -``hands off my data!''. +multibyte characters. This option is an easy way to tell @command{gawk}, +``Hands off my data!'' @item @option{-c} @itemx @option{--traditional} @@ -3816,7 +3821,7 @@ Enable debugging of @command{awk} programs By default, the debugger reads commands interactively from the keyboard (standard input). The optional @var{file} argument allows you to specify a file with a list -of commands for the debugger to execute non-interactively. +of commands for the debugger to execute noninteractively. No space is allowed between the @option{-D} and @var{file}, if @var{file} is supplied. @@ -3876,7 +3881,7 @@ with @samp{#!} scripts (@pxref{Executable Scripts}), like so: @cindex portable object files, generating @cindex files, portable object, generating Analyze the source program and -generate a GNU @command{gettext} Portable Object Template file on standard +generate a GNU @command{gettext} portable object template file on standard output for all string constants that have been marked for translation. @xref{Internationalization}, for information about this option. @@ -3888,7 +3893,7 @@ for information about this option. @cindex GNU long options, printing list of @cindex options, printing list of @cindex printing, list of options -Print a ``usage'' message summarizing the short and long style options +Print a ``usage'' message summarizing the short- and long-style options that @command{gawk} accepts and then exit. @item @option{-i} @var{source-file} @@ -3898,7 +3903,7 @@ that @command{gawk} accepts and then exit. @cindex @command{awk} programs, location of Read an @command{awk} source library from @var{source-file}. This option is completely equivalent to using the @code{@@include} directive inside -your program. This option is very similar to the @option{-f} option, +your program. It is very similar to the @option{-f} option, but there are two important differences. First, when @option{-i} is used, the program source is not loaded if it has been previously loaded, whereas with @option{-f}, @command{gawk} always loads the file. @@ -3983,7 +3988,7 @@ when parsing numeric input data (@pxref{Locales}). @cindex @option{-o} option @cindex @option{--pretty-print} option Enable pretty-printing of @command{awk} programs. -By default, output program is created in a file named @file{awkprof.out} +By default, the output program is created in a file named @file{awkprof.out} (@pxref{Profiling}). The optional @var{file} argument allows you to specify a different @value{FN} for the output. @@ -3992,8 +3997,8 @@ No space is allowed between the @option{-o} and @var{file}, if @quotation NOTE Due to the way @command{gawk} has evolved, with this option -your program is still executed. This will change in the -next major release such that @command{gawk} will only +your program still executes. This will change in the +next major release, such that @command{gawk} will only pretty-print the program and not run it. @end quotation @@ -4029,7 +4034,7 @@ in the left margin, and function call counts for each function. Operate in strict POSIX mode. This disables all @command{gawk} extensions (just like @option{--traditional}) and disables all extensions not allowed by POSIX. -@xref{Common Extensions}, for a summary of the extensions +@DBXREF{Common Extensions} for a summary of the extensions in @command{gawk} that are disabled by this option. Also, the following additional @@ -4150,7 +4155,7 @@ source of data.) Because it is clumsy using the standard @command{awk} mechanisms to mix source file and command-line @command{awk} programs, @command{gawk} provides the @option{-e} option. This does not require you to -pre-empt the standard input for your source code; it allows you to easily +preempt the standard input for your source code; it allows you to easily mix command-line and library source code (@pxref{AWKPATH Variable}). As with @option{-f}, the @option{-e} and @option{-i} options may also be used multiple times on the command line. @@ -4340,7 +4345,7 @@ file, unless the file is in the current directory. But with @command{gawk}, if the @value{FN} supplied to the @option{-f} or @option{-i} options does not contain a directory separator @samp{/}, then @command{gawk} searches a list of -directories (called the @dfn{search path}), one by one, looking for a +directories (called the @dfn{search path}) one by one, looking for a file with the specified name. The search path is a string consisting of directory names @@ -4381,9 +4386,9 @@ as an entry in the path or write a null entry in the path. Different past versions of @command{gawk} would also look explicitly in the current directory, either before or after the path search. As of -@value{PVERSION} 4.1.2, this no longer happens, and if you wish to look +@value{PVERSION} 4.1.2, this no longer happens; if you wish to look in the current directory, you must include @file{.} either as a separate -entry, or as a null entry in the search path. +entry or as a null entry in the search path. @end quotation The default value for @env{AWKPATH} is @@ -4493,7 +4498,7 @@ If this variable exists, @command{gawk} includes the @value{FN} and line number within the @command{gawk} source code from which warning and/or fatal messages are generated. Its purpose is to help isolate the source of a -message, as there are multiple places which produce the +message, as there are multiple places that produce the same warning or error message. @item GAWK_NO_DFA @@ -4517,16 +4522,16 @@ This specifies the amount by which @command{gawk} should grow its internal evaluation stack, when needed. @item INT_CHAIN_MAX -The intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a +This specifies intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by integers. @item STR_CHAIN_MAX -The intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a +This specifies intended maximum number of items @command{gawk} will maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by strings. @item TIDYMEM If this variable exists, @command{gawk} uses the @code{mtrace()} library -calls from GNU LIBC to help track down possible memory leaks. +calls from the GNU C library to help track down possible memory leaks. @end table @node Exit Status @@ -4563,7 +4568,7 @@ The @code{@@include} keyword can be used to read external @command{awk} source files. This gives you the ability to split large @command{awk} source files into smaller, more manageable pieces, and also lets you reuse common @command{awk} code from various @command{awk} scripts. In other words, you can group -together @command{awk} functions, used to carry out specific tasks, +together @command{awk} functions used to carry out specific tasks into external files. These files can be used just like function libraries, using the @code{@@include} keyword in conjunction with the @env{AWKPATH} environment variable. Note that source files may also be included @@ -4653,11 +4658,12 @@ of the @env{AWKPATH} variable in command-line file searches This is very helpful in constructing @command{gawk} function libraries. If you have a large script with useful, general-purpose @command{awk} functions, you can break it down into library files and put those files -in a special directory. You can then include those ``libraries,'' using -either the full pathnames of the files, or by setting the @env{AWKPATH} +in a special directory. You can then include those ``libraries,'' +either by using the full pathnames of the files, or by setting the @env{AWKPATH} environment variable accordingly and then using @code{@@include} with -just the file part of the full pathname. Of course, you can have more -than one directory to keep library files; the more complex the working +just the file part of the full pathname. Of course, +you can keep library files in more than one directory; +the more complex the working environment is, the more directories you may need to organize the files to be included. @@ -4670,8 +4676,8 @@ In particular, @code{@@include} is very useful for writing CGI scripts to be run from web pages. As mentioned in @ref{AWKPATH Variable}, the current directory is always -searched first for source files, before searching in @env{AWKPATH}, -and this also applies to files named with @code{@@include}. +searched first for source files, before searching in @env{AWKPATH}; +this also applies to files named with @code{@@include}. @node Loading Shared Libraries @section Loading Dynamic Extensions into Your Program @@ -4725,8 +4731,8 @@ It also describes the @code{ordchr} extension. @cindex features, deprecated @cindex obsolete features This @value{SECTION} describes features and/or command-line options from -previous releases of @command{gawk} that are either not available in the -current version or that are still supported but deprecated (meaning that +previous releases of @command{gawk} that either are not available in the +current version or are still supported but deprecated (meaning that they will @emph{not} be in the next release). The process-related special files @file{/dev/pid}, @file{/dev/ppid}, @@ -4823,7 +4829,7 @@ to run @command{awk}. @item The three standard options for all versions of @command{awk} are -@option{-f}, @option{-F} and @option{-v}. @command{gawk} supplies these +@option{-f}, @option{-F}, and @option{-v}. @command{gawk} supplies these and many others, as well as corresponding GNU-style long options. @item @@ -4860,7 +4866,7 @@ and @option{-f} command-line options. @item @command{gawk} allows you to load additional functions written in C or C++ using the @code{@@load} statement and/or the @option{-l} option. -(This advanced feature is described later on in @ref{Dynamic Extensions}.) +(This advanced feature is described later, in @ref{Dynamic Extensions}.) @end itemize @node Regexp @@ -5073,7 +5079,7 @@ Horizontal TAB, @kbd{Ctrl-i}, ASCII code 9 (HT). @cindex @code{\} (backslash), @code{\v} escape sequence @cindex backslash (@code{\}), @code{\v} escape sequence @item \v -Vertical tab, @kbd{Ctrl-k}, ASCII code 11 (VT). +Vertical TAB, @kbd{Ctrl-k}, ASCII code 11 (VT). @cindex @code{\} (backslash), @code{\}@var{nnn} escape sequence @cindex backslash (@code{\}), @code{\}@var{nnn} escape sequence @@ -5143,7 +5149,7 @@ characters @samp{a+b}. @cindex @code{\} (backslash), in escape sequences @cindex portability For complete portability, do not use a backslash before any character not -shown in the previous list and that is not an operator. +shown in the previous list or that is not an operator. @c 11/2014: Moved so as to not stack sidebars @sidebar Backslash Before Regular Characters @@ -5240,7 +5246,7 @@ are recognized and converted into corresponding real characters as the very first step in processing regexps. Here is a list of metacharacters. All characters that are not escape -sequences and that are not listed in the following stand for themselves: +sequences and that are not listed here stand for themselves: @c Use @asis so the docbook comes out ok. Sigh. @table @asis @@ -5363,7 +5369,7 @@ just @samp{p} if no @samp{h}s are present. There are two subtle points to understand about how @samp{*} works. First, the @samp{*} applies only to the single preceding regular expression component (e.g., in @samp{ph*}, it applies just to the @samp{h}). -To cause @samp{*} to apply to a larger sub-expression, use parentheses: +To cause @samp{*} to apply to a larger subexpression, use parentheses: @samp{(ph)*} matches @samp{ph}, @samp{phph}, @samp{phphph}, and so on. Second, @samp{*} finds as many repetitions as possible. If the text @@ -5402,10 +5408,10 @@ is repeated at least @var{n} times: Matches @samp{whhhy}, but not @samp{why} or @samp{whhhhy}. @item wh@{3,5@}y -Matches @samp{whhhy}, @samp{whhhhy}, or @samp{whhhhhy}, only. +Matches @samp{whhhy}, @samp{whhhhy}, or @samp{whhhhhy} only. @item wh@{2,@}y -Matches @samp{whhy} or @samp{whhhy}, and so on. +Matches @samp{whhy}, @samp{whhhy}, and so on. @end table @cindex POSIX @command{awk}, interval expressions in @@ -5534,7 +5540,7 @@ POSIX standard. (a space is printable but not visible, whereas an @samp{a} is both) @item @code{[:lower:]} @tab Lowercase alphabetic characters @item @code{[:print:]} @tab Printable characters (characters that are not control characters) -@item @code{[:punct:]} @tab Punctuation characters (characters that are not letters, digits +@item @code{[:punct:]} @tab Punctuation characters (characters that are not letters, digits, control characters, or space characters) @item @code{[:space:]} @tab Space characters (such as space, TAB, and formfeed, to name a few) @item @code{[:upper:]} @tab Uppercase alphabetic characters @@ -28051,8 +28057,8 @@ complete detail in @cite{GNU gettext tools}}.) @end ifnotinfo As of this writing, the latest version of GNU @command{gettext} is -@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.3.tar.gz, -@value{PVERSION} 0.19.3}. +@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.4.tar.gz, +@value{PVERSION} 0.19.4}. If a translation of @command{gawk}'s messages exists, then @command{gawk} produces usage messages, warnings, @@ -29700,7 +29706,7 @@ is available like so: @example $ @kbd{gawk --version} @print{} GNU Awk 4.1.2, API: 1.1 (GNU MPFR 3.1.0-p3, GNU MP 5.0.2) -@print{} Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2014 Free Software Foundation. +@print{} Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2015 Free Software Foundation. @dots{} @end example @@ -37561,7 +37567,7 @@ git clone git://github.com/onetrueawk/awk bwkawk @end example @noindent -This command creates a copy of the @uref{http://www.git-scm.com, Git} +This command creates a copy of the @uref{http://git-scm.com, Git} repository in a directory named @file{bwkawk}. If you leave that argument off the @command{git} command line, the repository copy is created in a directory named @file{awk}. @@ -37844,7 +37850,7 @@ However, if you want to modify @command{gawk} and contribute back your changes, you will probably wish to work with the development version. To do so, you will need to access the @command{gawk} source code repository. The code is maintained using the -@uref{http://git-scm.com/, Git distributed version control system}. +@uref{http://git-scm.com, Git distributed version control system}. You will need to install it if your system doesn't have it. Once you have done so, use the command: |