\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename using-git.info @settitle Workflow in the @command{gawk} project @c %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @dircategory Network applications @direntry * Gawkworkflow: (using-git). Workflow in the `gawk' project. @end direntry @iftex @set DOCUMENT book @set CHAPTER chapter @set SECTION section @set DARKCORNER @inmargin{@image{lflashlight,1cm}, @image{rflashlight,1cm}} @end iftex @ifinfo @set DOCUMENT Info file @set CHAPTER major node @set SECTION node @set DARKCORNER (d.c.) @end ifinfo @ifhtml @set DOCUMENT web page @set CHAPTER chapter @set SECTION section @set DARKCORNER (d.c.) @end ifhtml @set FSF @set FN file name @set FFN File Name @c merge the function and variable indexes into the concept index @ifinfo @synindex fn cp @synindex vr cp @end ifinfo @iftex @syncodeindex fn cp @syncodeindex vr cp @end iftex @c If "finalout" is commented out, the printed output will show @c black boxes that mark lines that are too long. Thus, it is @c unwise to comment it out when running a master in case there are @c overfulls which are deemed okay. @iftex @finalout @end iftex @smallbook @c Special files are described in chapter 6 Printing Output under @c 6.7 Special File Names in gawk. I think the networking does not @c fit into that chapter, thus this separate document. At over 50 @c pages, I think this is the right decision. ADR. @set TITLE Workflow in the @command{gawk} project @set EDITION 0.0 @set UPDATE-MONTH August, 2014 @c gawk versions: @set VERSION 4.1 @set PATCHLEVEL 0 @copying This is Edition @value{EDITION} of @cite{@value{TITLE}}, for the @value{VERSION}.@value{PATCHLEVEL} (or later) version of the GNU implementation of AWK. @sp 2 Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @sp 2 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'', the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. @enumerate a @item ``A GNU Manual'' @item ``You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' @end enumerate @end copying @ifinfo This file documents the workflow of the developers in the GNU @command{awk} project. @insertcopying @end ifinfo @setchapternewpage odd @titlepage @title @value{TITLE} @subtitle Edition @value{EDITION} @subtitle @value{UPDATE-MONTH} @author J@"urgen Kahrs @author with Arnold D. Robbins @c Include the Distribution inside the titlepage environment so @c that headings are turned off. Headings on and off do not work. @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll @sp 2 Published by: @sp 1 Free Software Foundation @* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor @* Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA @* Phone: +1-617-542-5942 @* Fax: +1-617-542-2652 @* Email: @email{gnu@@gnu.org} @* URL: @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} @* ISBN 1-882114-93-0 @* @insertcopying @c @sp 2 @c Cover art by ?????. @end titlepage @iftex @headings off @evenheading @thispage@ @ @ @strong{@value{TITLE}} @| @| @oddheading @| @| @strong{@thischapter}@ @ @ @thispage @end iftex @ifnottex @node Top, Preface, (dir), (dir) @top Introduction @comment node-name, next, previous, up This file documents the workflow of the developers in the GNU Awk (@command{gawk}) version 4.1 and later. @insertcopying @end ifnottex @menu * Introduction:: About networking. * Basics of GIT repositories:: The fundamental environment of the developer. * Conventions used in the repository:: How to behave. * Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor:: How to get started with least pain. * FAQs and HOWTOs:: General recipes for daily work. * Links:: Where to find the stuff mentioned in this document. * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this document. * Index:: The index. @end menu @contents @node Introduction, Basics of GIT repositories, Top, Top @chapter Introduction This @value{DOCUMENT} is meant to be a description of the working habits that were established for collaboration in the GNU Awk project. Such stuff tends to become rather dry, and to prevent you from getting bored at this early stage, we will begin this @value{CHAPTER} with a brief introduction that shows you how to get the source code of the GNU Awk project compiled on your machine. We do this in order to get you motivated to follow us through the later steps that consist mainly of conceptual considerations. We hope that (in later, more abstract steps) you will always remember this down-to-earth introduction, should you ever wonder what all the later bizarre trickery is good for. @node Quick Start: Compiling @command{gawk} in 5 Minutes, Setting up a proper @command{git} repository, Introduction, Introduction @section Quick Start: Compiling @command{gawk} in 5 Minutes The following steps will look familiar to you, they are not that much different from the steps you used in the old days when you downloaded a tar ball, extracted it and compiled the source code. It is mainly the very first step that looks different; instead of downloading the tar ball you need the tool @command{git}. @footnote{If the command @command{git} does not exist on your machine, you need adminstrator privileges to install it. By convention, the command is usuallay part of an installation package by the same name.} @example git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/gawk.git cd gawk git checkout master ./configure make ./gawk --version @end example The only other difference to your working habits is the third step; you have to extract the @emph{master} branch of the current source code (there are other branches available, that's the point where things get interesting). Isn't this simple ? No, it's not that simple. If you plan to go any step further (for example compile the source code again next week, including next week's latest update), you will need to know what's going on when you use this seemingly simple @command{git} command (and that's the point where things get bizarre). In the next @value{CHAPTER} you will find a more thorough conceptual explanation, here we are satisfied with getting to know the practical steps necessary to get a working environment going that you can use in your daily work in a reliable way. @node Setting up a proper @command{git} repository, Basics of GIT repositories, Introduction, Introduction @section Setting up a proper @command{git} repository After the initial @emph{checkout} you have access to all the source code files that the maintainers have pushed through the official release procedure. You may not have noticed, but each change is well documented and traceable. This process of tracing the change history is so precise, reproducable and fine-grained that any dubious change may be kicked out later and the author of dubious stuff identified by name and change date. Some bookkeeping is necessary for this and that's why you need @command{git}. @command{git} will do all this for you. Developers who have used @command{svn} or @command{cvs} in the past will not be surprised to hear that each change is traceable precisely (they know that @command{svn} and @command{cvs} can do this, too). But the first-time user of @command{git} (as well as the @command{svn} user) may still have failed to notice what he actually did earlier in this @value{CHAPTER}. It is not just a mere copy of the source code that you created, it is a full copy of the @emph{upstream} repository server that you created (or @emph{clone}d). This means that others could make their own copy of @emph{your} repository and treat it as @emph{their upstream} repository. This is the essential difference between working with @command{svn} and working with @command{git}: by @emph{clone}ing you become a repository administrator, if you like it or not. As such you have some duties that go beyond the duties of a @command{svn} user. For example, you have to identify yourself properly as the owner of the repository by setting some global variables identifying you. The global settings will be used every time you connect again to the @emph{upstream} repository. @smallexample git config --global user.name "@emph{First-Name Last-Name}" git config --global user.email @emph{email@@address.site} git config --global color.ui auto @end smallexample You may leave these variables unset, but then you are reduced to an anonymous consumer-only behaviour whenever you connect to the @emph{upstream} repository. Later you will learn that there are many other variables to be set, most of them serving as defaults that can be overridden if you like. Choosing to work with defaults makes work quick and easy for the most frequent use cases, but that comes at a cost: With so many helpful defaults you may be overwhelmed by the detail and complexity of the real inner working. @example git config --list user.name=First-Name Last-Name user.email=email@@address.site color.diff=auto color.status=auto color.branch=auto gui.spellingdictionary=en_US core.repositoryformatversion=0 core.filemode=true core.logallrefupdates=true remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* remote.origin.url=ssh://jkahrs@@git.sv.gnu.org/srv/git/gawk.git branch.master.remote=origin branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master branch.xgawk_load.remote=origin branch.xgawk_load.merge=refs/heads/xgawk_load @end example If you set any of these variables or not, sooner or later you will want to catch up with the changes that happened in the upstream repository. So, how can I update my copy of the repository and re-build the source code? Updates are distributed by the @emph{pull} command. @smallexample git pull make @end smallexample By default, all the changes available in the upstream repository will be copied into your local repository. That's so easy because we are working with defaults; we assume here that we still have the @emph{master} branch checked out (as described earlier) and we are not interested in changes to other existing branches. @emph{What is a branch?} you may wonder. How can I change to a different branch, what branches are there ? What is tracking ? @node Basics of GIT repositories, Conventions used in the repository, Compiling @command{gawk} in 5 minutes, Top @chapter Basics of GIT repositories @menu * Semantics of Cloning:: What to consider before you clone. * Local versus Remote:: Where my source code really is. * Tracking and Merging:: What the others are doing. @end menu @c http://iverilog.wikia.com/wiki/Installation_Guide @c http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2840 @c http://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Branching-Branching-Workflows @c https://www.atlassian.com/en/git/workflows @c https://help.github.com/articles/what-is-a-good-git-workflow @c https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/index.html - How can I use git to contribute source code ? You need an account at Savannah. Read this to understand the first steps: http://savannah.gnu.org/maintenance/UsingGit README.git Use your account there to register your public ssh key at Savannah. Then you are ready to checkout. Remember that (when cloning) you are setting up your own local repository and make sure you configure it properly. git clone ssh://my_account_name@@git.sv.gnu.org/srv/git/gawk.git @node Semantics of Cloning, Local versus Remote, Introduction, Introduction @section Semantics of Cloning @node Local versus Remote, Tracking and Merging, Semantics of Cloning, Introduction @section Local versus Remote @node Tracking and Merging, Conventions used in the repository, Local versus Remote, Introduction @section Tracking and Merging @node Conventions used in the repository, Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor, Basics of GIT repositories, Top @chapter Conventions used in the repository @section master @section stable @section feature @section who does what @node Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor, FAQs and HOWTOs, Conventions used in the repository, Top @chapter Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor @node step-by-step instructions for a first-time-gawk-contributor, step-by-step instructions for a first-time-gawk-administrator, Conventions used in the repository, Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor @section step-by-step instructions for a first-time-gawk-contributor @node step-by-step instructions for a first-time-gawk-administrator, FAQs and HOWTOs, Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor, Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor @section step-by-step instructions for a first-time-gawk-administrator @c e-mail from Arnold 2014-08.24 @c Thanks to Michal for pointing us in the right direction! @c I see this: @c @c bash-4.2$ git config --get push.default @c simple @c @c What does yours say? @c @c It appears that "simple" will be the default in version 2.0: @c @c From: @c http://blog.nicoschuele.com/posts/git-2-0-changes-push-default-to-simple @c @c Matching @c @c The 'matching' option is the default behavior in Git 1.x. It means that if you do a git push without specifying a branch, it will push all your local branches to their matching ones on your remote repository. @c @c Simple @c @c The new default in Git 2.x is 'simple'. It means that when doing a git push without specifying a branch, only your current branch will be pushed to the one git pull would normally get your code from." @c @c So this must explain it. I'll bet yours is set to "matching". I have no @c idea how mine got set to "simple", since I don't recall doing that. @c @c In the future, I will simply make sure to push before switching branches. @c I think I actually prefer that behavior, since it's more intuitive to me. @node FAQs and HOWTOs, Links, Tutorial for a first-time-gawk-contributor, Top @chapter FAQs and HOWTOs @section general recipes for daily work @node Links, GNU Free Documentation License, FAQs and HOWTOs, Top @chapter Links @section references and URLs to books and other texts @c The GNU Free Documentation License. @node GNU Free Documentation License, Index, Links, Top @unnumbered GNU Free Documentation License @cindex FDL (Free Documentation License) @cindex Free Documentation License (FDL) @cindex GNU Free Documentation License @center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 @c This file is intended to be included within another document, @c hence no sectioning command or @node. @display Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @uref{http://fsf.org/} Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. @end display @enumerate 0 @item PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 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